CN1807369A - Environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive - Google Patents
Environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive Download PDFInfo
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- CN1807369A CN1807369A CN 200610010603 CN200610010603A CN1807369A CN 1807369 A CN1807369 A CN 1807369A CN 200610010603 CN200610010603 CN 200610010603 CN 200610010603 A CN200610010603 A CN 200610010603A CN 1807369 A CN1807369 A CN 1807369A
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Abstract
The invention provides an environment-friendly type pellet powder, which is prepared from graininess ammonium nitrate 86-90wt%, diesel 4-5%, solid powder 4-5% and viscosifying agent 2-4% through proportioning, stirring 2-5 min at room temperature, mixing homogeneously, charging solid powder and viscosity increaser, stirring 1-2 min at room temperature, mixing homogeneously, discharging and packaging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive.
Background technology
At present, in underground mine exploitation blasting operation, often adopt the mode of charge pneumatic machinery to load explosive.If used explosive is a powdery ammonium ladder detonator, in the pneumatic loading process, can return the medicine phenomenon, not only waste a large amount of explosives, and also the working face dust from flying, the severe contamination surrounding environment, the infringement operator is healthy.
For overcoming the above problems, existing people succeeds in developing T-1 type and M-2 glutinous pellet explosive, see (Wang Wenyou, Yun Zhuhui. industrial explosive. Beijing: weapon industry press, 1993.307-311.) (Cui Yong, Jiang Guorong.The development of allowed for use in coal mines viscosity ammonium nitrate prill, explosive, 2002,31 (4): 20-22.) (Li Mingneng, Ma Yening.The granular ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture of WBN tackify is in the application of western crossdrift iron ore, the 6th nd Annual Meeting collection of Chinese industrial explosive material association, 153-156.), the existing cohesiveness of this type of explosive has free-running property again, and has significantly reduced in the pneumatic loading process and return medicine.But all make sensitizing agent in these several explosives, and always have certain back powder in the underground powder charge process,, during [underground hot and humid and improper ventilation is advanced, easily cause the tritonal poisoning so it pollutes surrounding environment with tritonal.According to the Searches of Patent Literature, CN 85100393A discloses a kind of " viscous granular Non-TNT explosive ", 1988.8.27; Developed novel viscous granular Non-TNT explosive (the granular ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture of WBN tackify) in recent years again, adopt methylamine nitrate as sensitizing agent, polyacrylamide is that tackiness agent is formed the sensitization tackifier, is only applicable to the production of self-produced personal point, the grainy emulsified ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture of viscosity (Wang Chuande, Wang Xianxiang.The research of the grainy emulsified ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture of viscosity, the 5th nd Annual Meeting collection of Chinese industrial explosive material association 49-57), adds SULPHUR POWDER in the prescription, and production technique contains the emulsifying base manufacturing, the porous ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture mixes and emulsification ammonium oil mixes complex manufacturing.
Green Chemistry claims environmentally friendly chemistry, environmental friendliness chemistry again.The ideal of Green Chemistry is not re-use poisonous, deleterious material, no longer produces refuse, no longer processing of waste.It is a chemistry that stops pollution from the source.Its characteristics are: adopt nontoxic, harmless raw material; Under nontoxic, harmless reaction conditions, carry out; Make chemical reaction have high selectivity, few by product is realized " zero release "; Product should be an environmental sound.The notion of Green Chemistry is introduced in the explosive, the starting material of explosive are selected, the improvement to the production process technology of explosive reduces murder by poisoning and environmental pollution in explosive production and the use, has important theory and realistic meaning.The toxic gas volume that generates behind the Green Chemistry requirement explosive charge is minimum.
Industrial explosive is a multicomponent mixture, and these are formed and totally are divided into oxygenant, combustible agent, sensitizing agent and functional additive.The oxygenant that industrial explosive is commonly used has ammonium nitrate and SODIUMNITRATE; Combustible agent has wood powder, diesel oil, paraffin, sulphur, aluminium powder etc.; Sensitizing agent has tritonal, methylamine nitrate etc.; Functional additive has emulsifying agent, whipping agent, anti-caking agent, tackiness agent etc.In the above-mentioned raw materials, tritonal is harmful poisonous thing, the sulphur explosive reaction generates sulfurous gas, the existence of sulfurous gas is the major cause that produces acid rain in the atmosphere, all there is dust pollution when using aluminium powder and SULPHUR POWDER, need consider the preparation of methylamine nitrate when using methylamine nitrate, the methylamine that uses in the production is hazardous and noxious substances.
The main gases such as water vapor, nitrogen, nitrogen protoxide, carbonic acid gas, carbon monoxide that generate in industrial explosive blast back, wherein carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide are toxic gas.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive; its component proportioning is by weight: ammonium nitrate 86-90%; diesel oil 4-5%; Gu type powder 4-5%; tackifier 2-4%; the explosive component is simple; do not contain Toxic matter in the composition; do not contain single chmical compound explosive; metal powder; production process does not have the three wastes; production technique is simple; only need mixing equipment; energy source and power consumes low; low cost of manufacture; non-environmental-pollution; the characteristics that blast performance is good; kept the peculiar free-running property of similar explosive; cohesiveness; when in the underground mine blasting operation, using; toxic gas volume is very little; not plugging during pneumatic loading; fall the low characteristics of medicine rate; the efficiency height helps cutter's healthy and environment protection.And solved the sucting wet problem that uses under the hot and humid ore deposit.Reach 3 months storage period, realized commercialization production, has the good social economic benefit.
The production method of explosive of the present invention, form by following steps: according to the above ratio ammonium nitrate and diesel oil, normal temperature stirs 2-5min down and mixes, to consolidate the type powder then puts into, normal temperature stirs 2-3min down and mixes, put into tackifier at last, normal temperature stirs 1-2min down and mixes, can the discharging packing.
Described solid shape powder is the pulverulent mixture of 20% lime carbonate, 50% talcum powder, the organic preparation of 30% hollow microsphere.
Described tackifier are the gluey aqueous solution of Xylo-Mucine 1%, polyvinyl alcohol 1%, polyacrylamide 8%, water 90% preparation.
The proportioning of each component is adjusted into zero oxygen balance in the present invention or near zero oxygen balance, to obtain maximum energy, the toxic gas volume of generation is minimum; To take into account blast performance, starting material and production cost and explosion simultaneously and use object; Reduce environmental pollution, the component of use does not add toxic substance, does not avoid producing dust and discharging waste liquid in process of production, and each component is easy to disperse mixing, oxygenant and reductive agent full contact and closely, help chemical reaction, and toxic gas generates minimizing.The environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive that the present invention proposes not only has good blasting powders performance, can also satisfy required physical condition under the suitable charge pneumatic machinery condition simultaneously, that is existing free-running property has tackiness again.And storage period is long, and starting material wide material sources, manufacture method are simple, safety, economy.
Component of the present invention is selected
Ammonium nitrate wide material sources, low price, contain that oxygen is abundant, security is good, the explosive strength sensitivity made from its is moderate.For realizing the characteristics of free-running property, select for use ammonium nitrate as oxygenant; In order to realize the cohesiveness characteristics of this kind explosive, selected for use a kind of tackiness agent that each component in the explosive is bonded together, become a uniform mixed system; Select for use solid shape powder to regulate the density of explosive, play anti-water, protection against the tide simultaneously, increase the effect of granule strength.
Diesel oil is to make the best combustible agent of ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture, has the advantages that the source is abundant, viscosity is suitable, calorific value is high, and it can surround ammonium nitrate granule effectively, and infiltrates granule interior, has reached component blended compactness, homogeneity.Diesel oil can react rapidly with multi-hole nitramines in explosive reaction simultaneously, produces a large amount of gas and heat and the acting of expanding.
Tackifier are one of important component of glutinous pellet explosive, its role is to each component is bonded together well, make explosive have cohesiveness, it can also prevent the segregation of other component in the explosive, stop the infiltration with outside moisture content of oozing out of internal moisture, so tackiness agent is physics, chemical property, rheological characteristics, the shelf characteric that is related to viscous explosive, an important factor of water repelling property and even blast performance.The present invention has selected a kind of thickening adhesive that is widely used in interior decoration for use through a large amount of tests, and this material is the colloid environmentally friendly machine, and the viscous explosive of its mixed system is loose and cohesiveness is arranged, and is easy to prescribe medicine in pneumatic loading, is difficult for plugging.Be blown into the big gun hole once wind, under pressure, can present certain tackiness again, more stably rest in the big gun hole.The characteristics of these tackifier are that viscosity is lasting, and the viscosity that explosive was stored after 3 months does not weaken.
Gu the shape powder is used for regulating the density of explosive, play anti-water, protection against the tide, enhanced granule intensity simultaneously.Under hot and humid mine, the ammonium nitrate in the explosive component is moisture absorption water very easily, influences free-running property, cohesiveness and the blast performance of explosive.The present invention through a large amount of test and Selection a kind of solid shape powder that is widely used in rubber, the plastic industry, be the canescence flour.It has very strong hydrophobic performance.After this material is evenly dispersed in the ammonium nitrate particle surface, can form one deck water-repellent layer, can stop ammonium nitrate moisture absorption water effectively, table 1 is listed viscous explosive part moisture absorption simultaneous test data.Should also have katalysis by solid shape powder simultaneously, reduce the activation energy of ammonium nitrate explosive decomposition, improve the detonation sensitivity of explosive.This is characteristics of the present invention, does not promptly add single chmical compound explosive sensitizing agent (as tritonal, methylamine nitrate, peace etc. too) in the system, robs to have and detonates preferably and detonation property.Gu the intergranular space of ammonium nitrate has been filled in the adding of shape powder, has increased the density of explosive, has improved the bulk strength of explosive.Tackifier that adopt among the present invention and solid shape powder are on sale on the market, and the product of company is arranged as the permanent beneficial bright industry and trade in Yunnan.
Table 1 viscous explosive part moisture absorption simultaneous test data
| Test conditions | Add solid shape powder | Do not add solid shape powder | Add powdery emulsifying explosive |
| 40 ℃ of temperature, humidity 90%, the rate of moisture absorption of placement 1h | No. 1 sample: 0.5% No. 2 samples: 0.7% | No. 1 sample: 3.4% No. 2 samples: 3.6% | No. 1 sample: 2.0% No. 2 samples: 2.2% |
It is to be undertaken by the method for measuring porous particulated ammonium oil explosive that its blast performance of viscous explosive provided by the invention is measured, and the performance index of stipulating by company standard see Table 2.Table 3 has been listed the detection data of part producing batch.
Table 2 environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive performance index
| Project | Moisture % | Explosion velocity m/s | Brisance mm | Capacity for work mL | Density g/cm 3 | Validity period d |
| Index request | ≤4 | ≥3200 | ≥18 | ≥278 | 0.85～ 0.95 | 90 |
Table 3 environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive part producing is criticized the detection data
| Lot number | Moisture % | Explosion velocity m/s | Brisance mm | Capacity for work mL | Density g/cm 3 |
| 171228 130608 140926 171025 171102 | 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.2 | 3278 3310 3385 3215 3397 | 27.8 28.2 28.1 28.4 29.8 | 321 319 323 315 307 | 0.90～0.95 0.89～0.93 0.87～0.94 0.90～0.94 0.90～0.95 |
Safety performance
For the security in the glutinous pellet explosive that guarantees to develop processing transportation and the use, sample send Yunnan Province's explosive measuring station to carry out impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity is tested, and is 4%.Can a kind of explosive be used for underground mine, and blast back Poisonous Gas is an important measurement index, and national regulation is no more than 80L/kg.The granular fried Poisonous Gas measured value of environment-friendly type viscosity provided by the invention is 52L/kg, meets the requirements.
Package stability
Under the stable situation of explosion properties, carried out natural storage test, the result shows that stability in storage is better.Partial data sees Table 4.
Table 4 shelf characteric table
| Lot number | 20050412 | 20050519 | 20041217 | ||||||
| Period of storage, month | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Brisance, mm explosion velocity, m/s capacity for work, mL | 25.1 3254 - | 23.22 3227 - | 20.8 3219 312 | 24.6 3341 - | 21.7 3311 - | 19.3 3276 309 | 26.4 3428 - | 23.9 3306 - | 21.5 3247 298 |
Embodiment
Environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive is in the application of Yunnan iron ore.The Yunnan iron ore is a underground mine that newly builds up, and former use contains the glutinous pellet explosive of ladder type, because the down-hole draws badly, high temperature, high humidity, on-the-spot charging operation worker tritonal once occurred and has poisoned.This ore deposit uses environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive to show that explosion properties is good for more than 200 ton, does not contain poisonous composition, and the charging work face is with fresh air, and operator are had no side effect, and has also solved former in explosive moisture absorption water, the serious problem of plugging simultaneously.
Embodiment 1: mixing equipment is wheel roller or two spiral shell awl mixing tank, with ammonium nitrate 200kg, drop into mixing equipment, add 12kg diesel oil simultaneously, puddle 2～5min and add solid shape powder 10kg, puddle again and add tackifier 9kg behind 2～3min, puddle 1～2min again after discharging promptly get environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive.
Embodiment 2: mixing equipment is wheel roller or two spiral shell awl mixing tank, with ammonium nitrate 225kg, drop into mixing equipment, add 10kg diesel oil simultaneously, puddle 2～5min and add solid shape powder 10kg, puddle again and add tackifier 5kg behind 2～3min, puddle 1～2min again after discharging promptly get environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive.
Embodiment 3: mixing equipment is wheel roller or two spiral shell awl mixing tank, with ammonium nitrate 215kg, drop into mixing equipment, add 12.5kg diesel oil simultaneously, puddle 2～5min and add solid shape powder 11kg, puddle again and add tackifier 12.5kg behind 1～2min, puddle 1～2min again after discharging promptly get environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive.
Embodiment 4: mixing equipment is wheel roller or two spiral shell awl mixing tank, with ammonium nitrate 220kg, drop into mixing equipment, add 11.3kg diesel oil simultaneously, add solid shape powder 11.3kg after puddling 2～5min, puddle again and add tackifier 7.4kg behind 1～2min, puddle 1～2min again after discharging promptly get environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive.
Embodiment 5: mixing equipment is wheel roller or two spiral shell awl mixing tank, with ammonium nitrate 217.5kg, drop into mixing equipment, add 12.5kg diesel oil simultaneously, puddle 2～5min and add solid shape powder 12.5kg, puddle again and add tackifier 7.5kg behind 1～2min, puddle 1～2min again after discharging promptly get environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive, its proportioning raw materials is by weight: ammonium nitrate 86-90%, diesel oil 4-5%, solid type powder 4-5%, tackifier 2-4%.
2, the production method of the described environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosive of a kind of claim 1, it is characterized in that forming: according to the above ratio with ammonium nitrate and diesel oil by following steps, normal temperature stirs 2-5min down and mixes, stirring 2-3min under the solid type powder normal temperature of adding then mixes, add at last under the tackifier normal temperature and to stir 1-2min and mix, can the discharging packing.
3, according to the production method of claim 1 or 2 described environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosives, it is characterized in that: Gu the shape powder is the pulverulent mixture of 20% lime carbonate, 50% talcum powder, the organic preparation of 30% hollow microsphere.
4, according to the production method of claim 1 or 2 described environment-friendly type glutinous pellet explosives, it is characterized in that: tackifier are the gluey aqueous solution of Xylo-Mucine 1%, polyvinyl alcohol 1%, polyacrylamide 8%, water 90% preparation.
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| US6761781B1 (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 2004-07-13 | Dyno Nobel Inc. | High density ANFO |
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