CN1800493A - Synthetic grass with resilient granular top surface layer - Google Patents
Synthetic grass with resilient granular top surface layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN1800493A CN1800493A CNA2005101161730A CN200510116173A CN1800493A CN 1800493 A CN1800493 A CN 1800493A CN A2005101161730 A CNA2005101161730 A CN A2005101161730A CN 200510116173 A CN200510116173 A CN 200510116173A CN 1800493 A CN1800493 A CN 1800493A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
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Abstract
A synthetic grass assembly for installation on a supporting substrate comprising a pile fabric with a flexible sheet backing (1) and a plurality of upstanding synthetic ribbons (2) of a selected length, the ribbons (2) extending upwardly from an upper surface of the backing (1), an infill layer (3) of particulate material disposed interstitially between the upstanding ribbons (2) upon the upper surface of the backing (1) with a depth less than the length of the ribbons, the particulate material selected from the group consisting of hard and resilient granules. The infill layer (3) comprises a bottom course (5) of intermixed hard and resilient granules of substantially identical size distribution, disposed upon the top surface of the backing (1), and a top course (6) substantially exclusively of resilient granules disposed upon the bottom course (5), an upper portion of the synthetic ribbons (2) extends upwardly from a top surface of the top course (6).
Description
The application divides an application, and it is that June 21 calendar year 2001, application number are that the original application name is called " the artificial grass assembly with resilient granular top surface layer ", the applying date: 01811506.3.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of artificial grass (synthetic grass), this turf has the careless shape band that forms the graininess filler that is absorbed in (enmesh) grid, and described filler has equidimension sand and rubber grain bottom and has only the top layer of rubber grain.
Background technology
Maintenance work to the natural sod on athletic competition or the scenic spot is expensive, and natural sod can not grow in the stadium of darkness sealing well, and grind away zone in the natural sod surface of busy dealing meeting continuously.The natural sod surface can degenerate under frequent the use, and the soil that exposes cause the gathering of unwanted water and mud.Therefore developed artificial grass and safeguarded the frequently expense in the athletic competition place of use, thereby made Competition Surface more even, and improved the durability that turf surface especially relates to the turf surface of specialty match to reduce.
Artificial grass and carpet-like pile fabric are installed together, and this fabric has and is laid on for example flexible substrate on rubble or other the stable base material of well-drained compacting substrate.Described pile fabric has upright artificial of many rows and brings the representative blade of grass, and this band extends upward from the top surface of substrate.
What the present invention was concerned about especially is the various components that are used for the graininess filler, and this filler is set in place existing with simulated soil between the setting band on the substrate top surface.The most prior art system relates to being used to provide some hard particles that rubber grain that flexible elastic granule for example breaks into pieces or foam substrate use for example sand or crushed slag particle.Particle size, particle shape, particulate component and the optimal selection of installing with multilayer or ranks are features of the present invention.
Haas; Jr. US4337283 has disclosed a kind of homogeneous filled thing mixture that is used for imitating soil; this mixture is that 25 to 95% elastic granule mixes and makes by tiny hard sand grains and percent by volume, thereby the filler that a kind of elasticity is improved and frictional property is littler is provided.This elastic granule shape material can comprise the mixture of crumb rubber particle, cork polymer particle, foam rubber particle, vermiculite etc.
The US4396653 of Tomarin has disclosed a kind of heterogeneous body filler, and it has rubber grain that forms basalis and the sand grains that forms top layer.Rubber grain provides inherent elasticity for the surface.The sand surface is the stable covering layer that exposes and be formed for following layer of rubber particles.
On the whole filler degree of depth, mix and be entrained in together the Haas system equally as hard sand grains therein and elastic caoutchouc particle, use mixed uniformly granular filler to have many shortcomings with uniform ratio.For example the artificial grass filler can comprise the mixture of the crumb rubber particle of a kind of sand with 60% weight and 40%, and this mixture mixes and erectting the degree of depth of laying 2.54 millimeters to 76.2 millimeters (1 to 3 inches) between the artificial grass band.
The preferred sand that adopts high percentage is to reduce the cost of this system, and is relatively costly because rubber grain is compared with sand.These sand grains have also been improved the draining degree, and this is necessary under the situation that does not for example have artificial turf surface in the stadium of sealing.Rubber grain hinders flowing freely of water easily, and the capillarity of sand is taken out surface moisture downwards by the difference in the surface tension characteristics between rubber and the silica sand.
But, in Haas and Tomarin system, on the place of carrying out football, rugby, Association football, hockey, ball game, often fall down or impinge upon on the Competition Surface and can have problems owing to the sportsman so be arranged in the friction hard sand grains of filler top coat.In these purposes, must prevent that the sportsman is subjected to the skin abrasion that is caused by the hard sand in the granular filler, and prevent that sand is splashed in athletic eyes, ear and the face.
The tradition filler is the mixture of sand and rubber grain.Rubber grain ball impact should the surface or the sportsman be compressed when on this surface, walking about and relax.In traditional soil, soil and humus soil particle provide some natural elasticity, but because moisture, particle size is little and natural elasticity is relatively low, so bounce-back is milder.In the situation of synthetic filler, these particle relatively dries and can not bonding together.Rubber grain has the rapid elasticity bounce-back as spring, this upcast out easily adjacent sand grains and rubber under the effect of power.
Synthetic filler is subjected to current and impact continuously, and for example from rainy, water filling, the impact of rebound and vibrations and the impact that contacts with the end face of filler from athletic pin and health, these impacts make these particles move easily or separate.Top layer with sand at high proportion can cause sand grains to be splashed when ball or sportsman are clashed into this filler surface.When football rolled on the filler surface, if having sand at the end face place, then sand grains was being kicked up under the suction that flows around the screw ambient air and under the effect at electrostatic attraction.Therefore, littler sand grains is kicked up and is sprayed with " the chicken shape of tail spray " pattern in the ball back of rolling on the filler end face.Along with the time, the zone of sand injection or ball impact will cause occurring visible sand on Competition Surface continuously.It is believed that and in artificial turf surface, see light sand and especially can see that when impacting Sha Yunshi is tedious at these.In addition, the sand grains of exposure can cause very big scratch to skin when the sportsman falls down or slips on this end face, and exhale, air-breathing or can stimulate eyes, ear and face because of fashionable.
Another shortcoming of tradition filler is that the frictional property sand grains is retained on the end face of artificial grass, thereby the sportsman who contacts with sand grains on this surface can be subjected to skin abrasion.Along with the time, because the dynamic characteristic of water, vibration and impact, so littler sand grains will be easily towards the packed layer bottom precipitation, and big more then easier the rising on the end face of friction sand grains.Little sand grains is rolled downwards under the effect of vibration, water and gravity in the gap between larger particle.Littler particle is accumulated in the lower face office of granular packed layer and easily together intensive.Bigger sand grains is retained in the place, top of graininess layer, and these bigger sand grains are more serious to the scratch that application on human skin causes with respect to littler particle.
Therefore, along with the time, the frictional behavior of this manual system increases and can cause being subjected to more being added with frictional property than other zone in the specific region of the frequent moving surface that uses.Normally used hard particles and elastic granule have angled surface.But have been found that because the friction between the sharp-pointed angled surface is bigger, so angular particles is easier to be together more intensive than sphere or circular granular.In addition, in using the situation of large-scale particle size, littler particle will be filled in the gap between the larger particle and increase compactness.
When rubber that uses chopping or common ground rubber, these rubber grains have the surface of rule and have fibrous projection usually, and these projections are collected air and utilized surface tension to maintain water.When raining or be injected into water on this filler, the air of being collected by light rubber grain makes that these rubber grains are floating.This is unwanted, because rubber can flow to the gutter along with surperficial current, and imitates heavy sand in floating rubber and the filler mixture and separates, thereby cause particle separation, the closely knit and flexible forfeiture of filler of sand.
Purpose is for example built the road or when being used for concrete mix using sand to be used to construct, preferably has large-scale particle size, this is because the mixing of size particles will cause the gap between the granule filling bulky grain, thereby increase intergranular contact, improve compactness and therefore improve load capacity.In the situation in sand or granular aggregate being used in the construction purposes, adopt vibratory compactor and control water content to form maximum soil compactness and density.
But when sand was used as composition of the elastic filler between the space at artificial grass, excessive compacting was very unwanted.Because from the zone of frequent use to the zone of frequently not using obvious difference is arranged on artificial turf surface, the elasticity of use filler is along with the time, unwanted variation took place so the height compacting of sand and filler can be caused by aerial dirt and contamination by dust.The elasticity of uniformity, need not safeguard and predictable filler performance is a target, rather than the high capacity bearing strength.
Compacting to filler particle is periodically to scrub artificial grass with the traditional solution of separating.Scrub and to smash closely knit material and mix end face again, thereby reply the original components of filler mixture as much as possible.Scrubbing has increased maintenance cost, makes artificial band be subjected to significant wearing and tearing and is a kind of temporary transient solution at the most, because final traditional filler can be closely knit once more and must be periodically scrubbed.
Spacing between correct each row of selection turf band is verified to be a difficult problem.Usually the main complaint of professional athlete is, the shoe tack on the shoes can not as one man break away from from closely knit, that tangle, tight braiding or knitting artificial sport turf surface, thereby causes knee and ankle damage.Artificial turf surface is in the past constructed to such an extent that more resemble indoor carpet surface, and it has the setting fiber that extended very tight spacing is opened from the braiding substrate with elasticity bottom.These fiber surfaces are designed to keep to erect and avoid tied up in knots when being subjected to people and trampleing on.Therefore in order to realize this result, these fibrous septums are very tight.But, especially when pin rotates on this surface, can not correctly break away from the shoe tack on the sport footwear, thereby cause knee and ankle injury.
On the other hand, in using the situation of pure sand as the surface, for example in the horseback riding surface, this surface instability and sand grains relatively is shifted easily.In order to make these surface-stables, the US United States Patent (USP) 4819933 of Armond (Fibresand Limited) provides a kind of less relatively sand mixture with loose replaceable web form random distribution and crosslinked straight artificial fiber of percentage by weight that has.These fibers are used for the concentrated load that distributes, and under the effect of the weight of water chestnut, athletic pin, wheel vehicle or facility sand are kept together.(Synthetic Industries, US5326192 Inc.) also provide a kind of the implantation in the soil surface by the artificial fiber bundle that will disperse to improve the outward appearance of turf surface and the method for Performance Characteristics to Freed.
With the granular filler that combines as the artificial band of erectting grass by provide and extended setting fiber mixes mutually from fabric substrate granular artificial surface with the root and the grass of simulating nature soil, embedding, thereby solved the shortcoming of said system to a certain extent.When the shoe tack of athletic shoes was embedded in the granular filler, loose granule moved and displacement as soil to a certain extent.Simultaneously, the Artificial grass band of setting and discrete particles and shoe tack tied up in knots are to reduce or anti-sliding stop.Do not having under the situation of artificial band, discrete particles will be very difficult to more as surface, dried sand nature sandy beach mobile, and the intensive mat of fiber will block these shoe tacks in case anti-avulsion from, thereby may damage the individual.
Therefore, erect the combining structure of band and discrete particles filler must balance or optimization so that desirable moving surface to be provided.When these bands were fitted together thick and fast, shoe tack can not correctly break away from, but too far away apart when these bands, then can not obtain sufficient adhesive power and stability.Because it is expensive and may be to the danger that damages with the high price sportsman of high degree of skill, so need a kind of predictable and reproducible artificial grass performance that artificial grass is laid.
Also once used by basically just the filler made of rubber construct artificial turf surface.Rubber grain is lighter relatively, and sliced particles has the fibrous surfaces of collecting bubble.Therefore when water filling, the rubber grain of some common layings swims on the water surface, thereby row is from artificial turf surface.Rubber grain is drained or is shifted, thereby causes having cut down greatly the zone of the artificial grass of filler thickness.Even filler thickness of shortage and elasticity can cause responsibilities injured and all persons of this sports ground on whole surface.
Although still there are above-mentioned several remarkable shortcoming in the prior art several different rubber and sand filler component and fibre structure.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is, a kind of filler is provided, and this filler will will keep its characteristic between the whole operating period, and can not occur significantly separating or filler becomes closely knit and reduces the needs that this surface periodic is scrubbed.
Another object of the present invention is, improve elasticity and reduce the gap of filling the artificial grass band plain particles shape filler frictional behavior and make the shoe tack of sportsman's shoes under the situation that does not have grievous injury danger, correctly to break away from.
Another object of the present invention is, eliminates the sputter of sand grains and filling the lip-deep unwanted and sand that can see.
The invention provides a kind of be used for being laid on support the suprabasil novel artificial grass assembly of soil, thereby a kind of surface that the look and feel of natural sod is combined with the abrasion resistance of artificial grass is provided.Though this manual has used the motor activity place as embodiment, the zone that the present invention is equally applicable to any suitable covering turf for example in the middle of scenic spot, road and the highway of heavy traffic, indoor garden or golf greenery patches and horseback riding surface.
This turf assembly comprises pile (pile) fabric, and it has flexible board substrate (backing) and arranges from the synthetic band of the setting of the upwardly extending representative blade of grass of the upper surface of substrate.Unique packed layer is provided with in the gap between the setting band above the substrate top surface and is positioned at the degree of depth place littler than band length in two kinds of hierarchical layer of granular material.
These bands are grown thickly by the fabric substrate of porous, and have the intermittent vertically slit with the predetermined pattern form.During the laying of filler, brush these bands lightly so that they from initial entanglement pose recovery to erectting attitude, described entanglement attitude is because the fabric of growing thickly causes the band pressurized to cause transporting to roll with memory period after manufacturing.It is wide and have a few row's slits on their width that these bands can be approximately 25.4 millimeters (1 inch).Gently brush the lower part of opening band easily, the slit opening that is formed on the horizontal connection bundle that is provided with in the grid structures is extended, the particles filled thing around this grid structures makes is absorbed in wherein.In case all fillers install, then brush the upper part of the band that above packed layer, extends energetically.Make these bands vertically be separated into the bundle of the narrower similar blade of grass of several independent width of freely standing by brushing action along slit.
It is considered herein that granular filler is the different continuous mobile hard of size and the dynamical system of elastic granule, and under the effect that is subjected to from the shock and vibration of motor activity, surface maintenance and rainy weather, have different physical characteristics.The present invention adapts to this dynamic moving in many ways.
Use that particle is relatively large to be preferably greater than the gum particle top layer of those particles in bottom and to make end face keep not having basically sand.Can get back to bottom by the downward seepage of hole between the bigger end face particle under the effect of water, vibration and gravity in any littler sand grains of upwards moving under the migration of shoe tack on the end face.Below the gum top layer, be provided with sand and rubber mix bottom together so that have the stable ballast that extra elasticity, drainage and conduct are used to make fabric substrate.
It is spherical that particle shape is essentially, thereby reduce contact friction between particle, improves drainage and prevent closely knit.Spherical form has reduced the resistance to the particle displacement, therefore compares with common angular particles and has reduced compaction rate.Aspect the spherical criterion of Krumbein, for those of ordinary skills known be, particle shape in a broad sense in 0.5 to 0.99 scope and preferred in 0.6 and 0.9 scope, thereby for well circular or be essentially sphere.
The hard sand in bottom and the particle size distribution of elastic caoutchouc particle are chosen as and are substantially equal to one another, and particle size is preferably limited in the scope of 14 to 30 sieve series standards for match or motor activity surface.For other purposes on the surface that is fit to artificial grass, particle size can be in 12.7 millimeters (0.5 inches) scope to 50 sieve series standards.Larger particle up to about 0.05715 meter (0.25 inch) can be used to the purposes of riding, but these bulky grains are too big for frictional property for application on human skin contacts.Particle less than 50 sieve series standards is easy to generate dust, and can cause unwanted compacting, has reduced water permeability and particle separation.The soil particle of the Lock-in of this size range is divided into the particle of middle sand, rough sand and granule size.
" substantially the same " Size Distribution means, when coming that by common soil water experiment chamber sieve analysis this bottom packed layer is analyzed and analyzed semilog diagram at standard screen (the y axle demonstrates by screen size aperture or the littler 0-100 percentage of weight, and the x axle demonstrates screen size/particle size with logarithm) on when illustrating, be used for the straight line of hard particles and be used for the straight line of elastic granule overlapped on sizable degree coideal ground.Therefore it is substantially the same that hard and elastic granule have the distribution of the particle size that equates basically and size.
The standard screen analysis chart itself is a kind of coarse " rough and ready-made " method, because natural soil for example alters a great deal with the difference on the surface in building place.This ungrading figure does not demonstrate the maximum 10% of particle size and minimum 10% usually, because because variation naturally on the soil particle size, so that these limiting values are considered to statistically is unessential.Therefore in general, when check soil particle size in ungrading, 80% particle in the middle of only considering.
With this application in practice in the present invention, limit in number or on the science, wherein 80% of hard and elastic granule weight particle size distribution is in the scope of a digital difference that strides across 40 sieve series standards in the bottom, and this particle size distribution is considered to substantially the same or very well classification.Because sand and rubber can be divided into desired concrete specification arbitrarily, thus preferably should numeral difference in addition can littler for example 20 sieve series standards to form filler more uniformly.For example, the digital difference that has of the bead of full spherical manufacturing is near zero.But, owing to sand is to wash away the natural material that forms that produces by rock, so particle size distribution and sphericity alter a great deal.The digital difference of 20 sieve series standards can cause for ride (equestrian) surface speech the particle size distribution between 10 to 30 or for agonistic is surperficial particle size distribution between 20 to 40.
In fact, the most cheap hard particles is sand normally, it is found that sand is a kind of natural separation deposit and/or mechanically has been divided into grade to be fit to various common construction purposes, for example is used in concrete and stirs in material and the roadbed construction.For the sand that is used for artificial grass equipment require relatively lowly, if therefore a kind of scheme needs special the separation or the sand grains Size Distribution of classification, then the cost of this material can increase.
When concrete material that decision in any place will be used, preferably use near any any acceptable sand that the laying place, obtains easily.When the elasticity of purchase particle to determine particle size distribution and be in the scope of above-mentioned discussion and on measured sand grains Size Distribution when overlapping, this is relative simple thing.Where be positioned at no matter lay the place, all must from manufacturing facility, process, grind and transfer out elastic granule.Make its particle size distribution and sand grains the particle size distribution coupling elastic granule marginal cost with the Size Distribution classification of sand grains to be complementary with elastic granule and to compare relatively low.
By producing and the elastic granule that is complementary in the Size Distribution of laying the sand that the place obtains easily, thus the precipitation that the stratum with filler of the sand of the mixing that Size Distribution equates and rubber grain will cause helping in use significantly reducing granulate mixture with separate.
On the contrary, the traditional elastic granulate mixture has usually than the obvious bigger particle of available classification sand.As a result, light bigger elastic granule upwards moves and the migration downwards under gravity, vibrations, the compound action rainy and water of seepage downwards of heavier less hard sand grains.The separation of particles of different sizes causes losing best compactness and causes uneven adhesive power in the filler layer of conventional hybrid.
The inventor has been found that and can prevent or reduce basically hard and elastic granule separating in the bottom that mixes by the following method: (1) selects Size Distribution to equate or substantially the same hard and elastic granule; (2) spherical particle shape is selected to be substantially in the particle size of range of choice relative narrower and (3) for hard and elastic granule.The minimum change of particle size has suppressed compacting, because be filled in the hole between the larger particles without any smaller particles relatively when all particles all have basically the size that equates.Spherical form has reduced the resistance that is shifted between particle, and has reduced the trend that adjacent particle is locked together.The artificial band of fibrillated careless shape at the end face place remains on relatively large top rubber particle in the loose netted flexible structure easily.When people walk out-of-dately on these particles and artificial band, the loose cross net of fibrillated fiber also makes the rubber grain that moves can get back to following top rubber layer.The look and feel on natural sod surface has been given in the combination of the network of pure top rubber layer and fibrillated band.
The artificial band between fabric substrate and the top layer by being formed on vertical orientated bundle transversely crosslinked together open net or cell structure thereby displacement provides to a certain degree resistance to the particle in mixing bottom.The sand that mixes provides firm resiliency supported with the rubber bottom for relative thin rubber top layer.The sand content of mixed layer especially provides necessary pressur loading weight, so and because the capillarity of sand provides better drainage.
Has high resiliency with the relative thin top layer that athletes ' body directly contacts in the place that Body contact occurs, so and less owing to only having used rubber to cause to skin friction.Provide pressur loading weight so that turf keeps motionless and promptly drains the surface at the sand content that mixes bottom.Draining is particularly necessary in the place that has ice hazard, and needs to select thicker mixture in cold climate so that improve drainage.Except the top surface elasticity that is provided by top layer, the elastic granule in mixed layer also provides elasticity under the surface.
Hard and the elastic granule of selecting Size Distribution to equate have basically reduced compacting basically and have reduced maintenance requirement.Because the selection of particle size, so top gum top layer always keeps not having sand basically.Owing between match period,,, perhaps disturbed real racetrack in order to the mode identical with normal soil by this work so sand can move to topsheet surface from the bottom that mixes by contacting caused stirring with athletic shoe tack.But, sand grains is dimensioned to littler than size at the elastic granule of top layer.Wash away the sand grains or because the vibrations of walking about and stir and make littler sand grains get back to the bottom that they were in originally of displacement downwards by discharging rainwater through the top elastic surface.
With for example compare in the conventional method described in the US4396653 of the US4337283 of Haas and Tomarin, in top layer, have only rubber and in lower floor, have the sand of mixing and this double berth equipment, method of rubber forms elastic surface with lower cost and lower thickness.Have big and than the easy compacting of prior art packed layer of granule or be consolidated into a kind of more firm compacting surface.The present invention because being the lower floor of gum particle and mixing, top layer is not easy to separate or compacting, so even also can keep its elasticity when using with thin layer.Therefore produce a kind of more predictable long-time elasticity.
Can produce artificial band, and they are grown thickly on fabric substrate.Preferably, utilize isolated relatively short these bands of longitudinal crack rip cutting on the width of these bands.Then after laying filler, by the surface that lays with the brush brush, thus the on-the-spot upper part fibrillation of artificial band, separately or wearing and tearing of making.These bands have machine-direction oriented structure when producing, therefore actively brushing on end face moved easily by making these crack longitudinal extensions with the single careless shape bundle that forms intensive packing thinner careless shape bundle be torn or be split into to these bands.
By brushing in the situation that these bands are brushed and make it to split at the scene, the upper part of these bands wearing and tearing or split into thin careless shape bundle, and lower part is kept perfectly intact and than the grid, net or the cell structure that only are stretched and lead to a kind of expansion on initial degree bigger when making fibre bundle generate substrate.The direct benefit of this grid is, by make particle mutually combine (intermeshing) between fibrillation grass shape bundle and in the reticular fiber structure of expansion so that particles filled thing is stable.Following mesh portion makes filler stable, and upward careless shape partly makes shoe tack to penetrate and to unclamp, raining penetrates and draining; Since crooked careless shape Shu Zengjia slight surface elasticity and the big elastic granule of top layer is trapped in the careless shape web frame.
The on-the-spot fibrillation of fiber also allows the end face of the more crypto set of careless shape bundle to cover.When initial the laying, have short slit perforation relative broad band at interval enough distances so that the graininess filler can be installed between the band.When filler installed fully, brushing of wide interval band made them split into thinner careless shape bundle, and they are filled in the gap between the band and cover the end face of graininess filler better.The intensive net of the bundle of cross fibrillation comprises bigger topping rubber particle makes shoe tack can penetrate and make water to discharge simultaneously.The band that splits makes careless shape bundle cover visible surface better with lower cost.Not in the application examples such as landscape or decorative use at the motion purposes, can adopt more not intensive fiber to distribute, causing the cost reduction thereby cover speech for the visual appearance the same with the artificial grass of common tight spacing.
From following detailed description and accompanying drawing, can understand other details of the present invention and advantage thereof.
Description of drawings
For the ease of understanding the present invention, the mode with embodiment describes a preferred embodiment of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the sectional view that the natural sod assembly of filler is installed, demonstrate flexible board substrate with vertical band with by top layer with have a packed layer that the bottom of the hard sand of the mixing that identical smaller particle size distributes and elastic caoutchouc particle constitutes with relatively large elastic caoutchouc particle;
Fig. 2 is similar sectional view, and it demonstrates owing to carry out that positive surface is brushed so that the final structure of the careless shape bundle of the further fibrillation of strap ends and slight curvature;
Fig. 3 is the lateral view that has the artificial band of the vertical slit perforation of a series of weak points when producing;
Fig. 4 is the lateral view of artificial band, the lower end of this band before the fabric substrate of growing thickly into, reverse and its upper end extending transversely to show netted blade of grass structure, this extending transversely and longitudinal extension by slit causes;
The chart of Fig. 5 demonstrates illustrating by the ungrading resulting granules Size Distribution of packed layer being carried out standard; And
The chart of Fig. 6 demonstrates the visual representation of going up the particle of classification at the spherical yardstick of Krumbein (sphericity scale).
The specific embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, the present invention relates to a kind of synthetic turf assembly, this assembly is made of the pile fabric with particulate matter packed layer, and this assembly is installed in and supports in the soil substrate so that the athletic competition surface to be provided.
Pile fabric comprises flexible board substrate 1, and this substrate can comprise two-layer or multilayer open weave fabric, and wherein one deck can be that the mesh of dimensionally stable is being laid and stretched between the operating period preventing.Extend upward the synthetic band 2 of a large amount of settings from the upper surface of substrate 1.The same as shown in fig. 1, band 2 is in a row turned up the soil to grow thickly at interval with width W and is passed substrate 1 and have length L.Select the length ' L ' of fiber according to the elasticity that requires of the total depth (5 add 6) of filler and the synthetic turf assembly finished.
Be arranged on the upper surface of substrate 1 in the gap of erectting between the band 2 is the packed layer 3 of granular material.Granular material can be selected from the common available hard particles of any amount, for example: sand; Hard gathers materials; Silicon sand; Gravel; Slag; The particle plastics; And polymer beads.Elastic granule is selected from: the rubber that low temperature grinds; Rubber; Cork; Polymer beads; The synthetic polymer foam; Styrene; Perlite; Neoprene latex; Tire that grinds and EPDM rubber.
Packed layer 3 has top layer 6 and bottom mixed layer 5 to make.The bottom 5 that mixes is made by the hard sand grains and the elastic caoutchouc particle of mutual mixing.Select this mixture according to the hard particles of different size and the volume distributed median of elastic granule, these particle sizes are substantially the same and between 12.7 millimeters (0.5 inches) and 50 sieve series standards.Preferably, the scope of restriction particle size is to avoid the hole between the less or tiny particles filled larger particle and to promote compacting.Preferred range is between 14 to 30 sieve series standards.According to purposes, the particle size range in mixed layer may be limited between 10 to 30,15 to 30 or 20 to 40 sieve series standards to meet design parameters when selecting.It is spherical that the shape of hard and elastic granule is essentially, rather than the dihedral as in the prior art is with further obstruction compacting and sedimentation.
As shown in the chart of Fig. 5, the sieve mesh (screen sieve) of horizontal axis description standard of utilizing the vertical axis linear graduation of " passing the percentage by weight in screen size aperture " or " littler percentage " and demonstrating the logarithmic scale in particle and/or screen size aperture is analyzed.Represent relative homogeneous granules mixture at the example straight line shown in Fig. 5, it has the particle size than close limit.It is desirable to, the straight line that is used for the sand grains Size Distribution on Fig. 5 is identical with being used for the straight line that rubber particle size distributes, and to demonstrate be overlapped.But as embodiment, above-mentioned 10 to 30 scope is shown as a shadow region in the drawings, and any straight line will satisfy the requirement of this particle size restriction in this zone.
Top layer 6 has only the elastic caoutchouc particle basically.The upper part 7 of synthetic band 2 extends upward from the end face 8 of top layer 6.Resulting artificial turf surface can be used for several indoor and outdoors purposes, for example: the athletic competition place; The horse racing place; Sports ground; Scenic spot and convalescence zone.
For bilayer is set, make brush on the substrate of sand with mixing and elastomeric material by many times with guarantee these bands when being embedded in the filler be erect and can not be embedded in the filler, and these bands are expanded slightly to open slit and to form a kind of cell structure, this structure makes filler stable, thereby prevents filler particle undue displacement after laying.After laying the following packed layer of mixing, a kind of granular material that is essentially gum is provided as elastic top layer.
In order to lay bottom, can use dispenser, and brush this surface afterwards with the fine, soft fur that improves pile fabric and before laying end face 6, band 2 is positioned in the vertical substantially position.After every layer of expansion, must brush the surface and band is risen to as in the erection position as shown in these figure.
Preferably, after laying top layer 6, by brushing this surface energetically, thereby make the upper part 7 further fibrillations of artificial band 2 with brush.This operation makes upper part 7 separately, and these strands are evenly distributed on the end face 8.The relative broad of manufacturing width of band 2 for example is 1 inch, and the scene is brushed operation these bands are further split, thereby makes slit vertically open and form the as shown the same narrower thin careless shape bundle of width.The upper end of band 2 is subjected to more violent brushing to be better than the advantage of art methods below realizing.Fibrillation upper part 7 is laid in the above and is made strap ends connect into loose network, and this network has been simulated the outward appearance of natural sod more realistically.These fibrillation ends have slight elasticity because they rise a little or fluff and during ball is at play on the surface of being finished bounce-back the time simulated the elasticity of natural sod more exactly.Crooked end has been equally from visually having hidden the rubber powder of top layer 6, keeps these powder particles to maintain static and makes the powder of displacement to move back and forth between the upside of top layer 6 and fibrillation band 2.Split or fibrillation by the end that makes band 2, thereby produce littler surface tension, and the easier infiltration of water is passed end face 8 and drained by bottom 5.
These bands its width when growing thickly on fabric substrate at first can be 1 to 3 inch, and when by fibrillatable, the width of single careless shape bundle can be 1mm to 15mm (being approximately 1/8 inch to 1/2 inch).Term with this area represents that these are restrainted in the scope of 800 to 5000 Denier, and the thickness of band and bundle is preferably 45 to 200 microns (μ) (0.001771 to 0.007874 inch).
By the test and experience have been found that hard particles and elastic granule the size and dimension appreciable impact turf Performance Characteristics.Have been found that also the spacing of band and the difference of the filler degree of depth can produce very big influence to the performance of artificial grass assembly.
Hard and elastic granule size should be in the scopes of 12.7 millimeters (0.5 inches) and 50 U.S.'s screen size specifications, but preferred in 14 to 30 more close limit to avoid the danger of compacting.Hard particles greater than 14 screen size specifications directly can felt some abrasion under the contact situation for the user of moving surface.But, owing to be positioned at the easy bending thereon of the fiber of top face and prevent that the user from directly contacting with the arc elastomer mat of synthetic fibers, can not feel that these particles can cause friction so can use bigger to a certain extent particle.Hinder the infiltration of water easily less than the particle of 50 screen size specifications, and the draining characteristics for packed layer 3 has a negative impact in moistening relatively weather.In the weather of drying, preferably use smaller particles keeping optimum water content, thereby form best compacting and extent of elasticity.Directly contact with the surface and expect at skin and can use bigger elastic granule (for example 14 screen size specifications) under the potential friction situation from motion itself.Preferably, sand is washed and screens to remove the fine particle that all sizes are lower than 50 screen sizes basically.
By the particle that uses size to equate, thereby can reduce auxiliary (complementary) trend that bigger relative lighter rubber grain is moved to the natural tendency at top and the bottom that less and heavier sand grains is moved to packed layer 3.By also having reduced the particle migration with the interaction of artificial netted ribbon structure and by use spheric granules shape.Because the interference to movement of particles (interference) that the selection of substantially the same particle size and the net structure by the band that contacts with the bottom packed layer cause will be so the bottom of filler will keep its initial measure-alike sand and the mixture of elastic granule.These characteristics of filler suppress compacting easily and keep the even predictable elasticity of filler.
By the flexible top layer 6 of gum, provide elasticity at the contact surface place of actual needs elasticity sensation.Preferably, the particle size of the rubber grain in filler top layer 6 is greater than the size of sand in bottom 5 and elastic granule.The larger particles of top layer makes can falling after rise by the gap between the larger particles than granule of bottom downwards, and therefore, it is different that the particle size component of these layers keeps.By the surface testing elastic and gradually the dispersion rubber particle with thickness that increases top layer 6 more or less and the desired elasticity that realizes this final top layer, thereby the elasticity that can fine regulate the final layer of filler.
Artificial band preferably is provided with the row of isolated selected minimum spacing " W ".According to desired fastness and for various motions shoe tack rotate needed degree of freedom, thereby this spacing " W " can change at 57.15 millimeters (2.25 inches) and 15.875 millimeters (0.625 inch), for example 25.4 millimeters (1 inch) or still less.Spacing provides more firm support for packed layer 3 more closely, and the feasible easier rotation of shoe tack that embeds of wideer spacing.
The degree of depth of packed layer 3 can be 90% to 40% with respect to the ratio of the length " L " of artificial band, but the preferable range for most of purposes is 85% to 55% or 80% to 70%.For example, in the length of band L is 2 inches situation, the degree of depth that equals 75% filler is the degree of depth of 38.1 millimeters (1.5 inches) (2.0 * 0.75=1.5), and the band of remaining 12.7 millimeters (0.5 inches) extends above the top surface of filler.
Though above-mentioned explanation and accompanying drawing relate to the specific preferred embodiment that the inventor dreams up at present, it being understood that the present invention its broad aspect also comprise with described and shown in the key element equivalence mechanically with function on equivalent scheme.
Claims (24)
1. artificial grass assembly that is used to be laid on the support base, this assembly comprises:
Pile fabric, it has the artificial band of setting of flexible board substrate and a plurality of designated lengths, and these bands extend upward from the upper surface of described substrate;
Granular material packed layer, this packed layer are arranged in the gap between the setting band on the described upper surface of described substrate, and described granular material is selected from the group that following material is formed: hard and elastic granule; Described packed layer comprises:
Bottom, it has hard and the elastic granule that mixes mutually, and is arranged on the top surface of described substrate; And
Top layer, it only has the elastic granule that is arranged on the bottom basically, and the upper part of artificial band extends upward from the top surface of this top layer.
2. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described elastic granule in described top layer is greater than the described elastic granule in described bottom.
3. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the shape that described hard particles in described bottom and elastic granule have is limited in 0.5 to 0.99 the scope of Krumbein yardstick of sphericity.
4. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described hard particles in described bottom and elastic granule are in 0.6 to 0.9Krumbein range scale.
5. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described elastic granule is selected from the group that following material is formed: the rubber that low temperature grinds; Rubber; Cork; Polymer beads; The synthetic polymer foam; Styrene; Perlite; Neoprene latex and EPDM rubber.
6. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described hard particles is selected from the group that following material is formed: sand; The hard material; Silicon sand; Gravel; Slag; Granular plastics; And polymer beads.
7. as each described artificial grass assembly in the claim 1,2,4,5 or 6, it is characterized in that the granular material of described filler comprises that size is at 12.7 millimeters maximum nominal diameter and the particle between 50 U.S.'s screen size specifications.
8. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the difference that accounts in described bottom between the size of particle of 80% weight of hard particles and elastic granule is to be distributed in the scope of 40 U.S.'s screen size specifications.
9. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the difference that accounts in described bottom between the size of particle of 80% weight of hard particles and elastic granule is to be distributed in the scope of 20 U.S.'s screen size specifications.
10. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 1,
Wherein said artificial band:
Predetermined pattern with joint-cutting is vertically cut off and on;
The upper part of these bands above filler layer, extend and each bundle of freely erectting of longitudinally splitting into selected width to represent blade of grass; And
The lower part of these bands has the described joint-cutting that is arranged in the network that particles filled material is on every side immeshed and extends and open the horizontal crosslinked bundle of formation.
11. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described artificial band is provided with the selected isolated arrangement of minimum spacing.
12. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, the maximum spacing between the artificial band row in fabric substrate of growing thickly is 0.05715 meter.
13. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, the maximum spacing between the artificial band row in fabric substrate of growing thickly is 0.0254 meter.
14. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the maximum spacing between the artificial band row in fabric substrate of growing thickly is 0.015875 meter.
15. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the degree of depth of described packed layer be artificial band length 90% to 40% between scope in.
16. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, the degree of depth of described packed layer be artificial band length 85% to 55% between scope in.
17. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, the degree of depth of described packed layer be artificial band length 80% to 70% between scope in.
18. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described artificial band is the fiber that is selected from the group of following material composition: polypropylene; Polyethylene; Nylon; And plastics.
19. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the upper part of described artificial band is changed into the independent bundle that its width is a scope between 1.0 to 15.0 millimeters by fibrillation.
20. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described artificial beam thickness is the scope between 45 to 200 microns.
21. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described substrate and pile fabric are suitable for holding the granular material filler in the part of the described designated length that is filled into described band;
Wherein said artificial band:
Predetermined pattern with joint-cutting is vertically cut off and on;
The upper part of these bands longitudinally splits into each bundle of freely erectting of selected width to represent blade of grass; And
The lower part of these bands has the described joint-cutting that is arranged in the network that is suitable for filler particles material is on every side immeshed and extends and open the horizontal crosslinked bundle of formation.
22. artificial grass assembly as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the degree of depth of described packed layer is less than the length of band.
23. the method that artificial grass is provided on support base comprises the following steps:
Select a kind of pile fabric, described band must be extended upward from described plate when being arranged to described plate on the support base with artificial band of setting of flexible board substrate and designated length;
Described flexible board is arranged on the support base;
Selection has the hard particles of cardinal principle same size and the material of elastic granule, mixes hard particulate material and resilient particulate materials;
Mixing particulate material on the gap flexible board of erectting band is distributed to the predetermined altitude of described plate surface, to form the first floor of packed layer;
Select second resilient particulate materials, and second resilient particulate materials on the gap first floor of band is distributed to the predetermined altitude of first floor top, but less than the height of band, to form the second layer.
24. the method that artificial grass is provided on support base, this method comprises the following steps:
A kind of plate substrate that contains the artificial band that is operably connected is provided, and this band is suitable for that the slave plate substrate extends upward when being placed on the support base to the plate substrate;
A kind of packing material is provided, this material comprises hard particulate material, first resilient particulate materials and second resilient particulate materials, wherein, hard particulate material has identical substantially size with first resilient particulate materials, and second resilient particulate materials is greater than first resilient particulate materials;
The plate substrate is placed on the support base; With
Packing material is distributed on the gap flexible board of the artificial band that is operably connected, wherein, packing material is configured as packed layer at last, this packed layer has the bottom and the top layer of being made up of second elastic granule basically that is placed on the bottom that are placed in the hard particulate material and first resilient particulate materials of the mutual mixing on the underboarding.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/598,149 | 2000-06-21 | ||
| US09/598,149 US6551689B1 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 2000-06-21 | Synthetic grass with resilient granular top surface layer |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB018115063A Division CN1232703C (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2001-06-21 | Synthetic grass with resilient granular top surface layer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1800493A true CN1800493A (en) | 2006-07-12 |
Family
ID=24394437
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB018115063A Expired - Fee Related CN1232703C (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2001-06-21 | Synthetic grass with resilient granular top surface layer |
| CNA2005101161730A Pending CN1800493A (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2001-06-21 | Synthetic grass with resilient granular top surface layer |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB018115063A Expired - Fee Related CN1232703C (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2001-06-21 | Synthetic grass with resilient granular top surface layer |
Country Status (26)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP1292733B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4098078B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100557282B1 (en) |
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| HK (1) | HK1058383A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU227351B1 (en) |
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| PT (1) | PT1292733E (en) |
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| WO (1) | WO2001098589A2 (en) |
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| ZA (1) | ZA200210075B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102216528A (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2011-10-12 | 纺织品管理联合公司 | System and method for storage and temporary installation of secondary flooring surface |
| CN112746547A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-05-04 | 江苏联创人造草坪股份有限公司 | Sports artificial lawn and preparation method thereof |
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| CA2247484C (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2001-07-24 | Jean Prevost | Process of laying synthetic grass |
| US20030118755A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-26 | Motz Joseph E. | Filled synthetic turf with ballast layer |
| EP1457600A1 (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2004-09-15 | Domo Cabrita | Synthetic turf |
| FR2857991B1 (en) * | 2003-07-23 | 2005-10-21 | Cyril Rene Lucien Moussard | SYNTHETIC TURF, APPLICATION METHOD AND FILLING METHOD |
| ES2247886B2 (en) * | 2003-10-03 | 2006-11-16 | Mondo Tufting, S.A. | ARTIFICIAL LAWN FOR GOLF COURSE. |
| US7189445B2 (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2007-03-13 | Generalsports Turf, Llc | Synthetic sports turf having improved playability and wearability |
| CN100366422C (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2008-02-06 | 环球公开有限公司 | Method for preparing synthetic grass structure and corresponding synthetic grass structure |
| US8329265B2 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2012-12-11 | Astroturf, Llc | Transition synthetic sports turf |
| US7249913B2 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2007-07-31 | Coevin Licensing, Llc | Roll up artificial turf |
| CN101223318B (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2011-03-30 | 菲尔德特夫塔克特公司 | Method for stiffing synthetic ribbons of a synthetic turf surface |
| KR100749075B1 (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2007-08-13 | 김인중 | Filler of environment friendly material and artificial lawn using the same |
| KR100834040B1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-05-30 | 오태주 | Filler for artificial turf, method of the same, and artificial turf including the same |
| JP4971118B2 (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2012-07-11 | 日本体育施設株式会社 | Artificial grass |
| KR101007076B1 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2011-01-12 | 코오롱글로텍주식회사 | An apparatus for renewal of artificial turf |
| DE102008039671A1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-04 | Melos Gmbh | Use of granules as infill granules for artificial turf |
| NL1036418C2 (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2010-07-15 | Ten Cate Thiolon Bv | PLASTIC FIBER AND AN ARTIFICIAL GRASS FIELD WITH SUCH FIBER. |
| US8455063B2 (en) | 2009-10-07 | 2013-06-04 | Sungyull Lee | Artificial turf infill and artificial turf including the same |
| FR2960383A1 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-02 | Edmond Pierre Picard | SUBSTRATE FOR USE AS A CULTURE SUPPORT AND APPLICATION TO THE PRODUCTION IN PARTICULAR OF SPORTING SURFACES |
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| KR101240371B1 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2013-03-07 | 주식회사 정영씨엠 | Elasticity chip containing steelmakingslag and manufacturing method thereof |
| RU2013150810A (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2015-05-27 | Таркетт Инк. | RESTORABLE FIELD OF ARTIFICIAL LAWN AND METHOD OF ITS RESTORATION |
| RU2014120181A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2015-11-27 | Таркетт Инк. | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL SOD FIBERS |
| CN102561151B (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2014-11-19 | 田友斌 | Artificial turf as well as gum production device and application process thereof |
| WO2016058083A1 (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-04-21 | Tarkett Inc. | Tubular monofilament fiber |
| NL2014875B1 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-01-31 | Ten Cate Thiolon Bv | Artificial Turf System. |
| DK3272939T3 (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2019-02-25 | Polytex Sportbelaege Produktions Gmbh | ARTICLE GRASS INCLUDING AN AGGLOMERATE FILL |
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| CN108385472A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-08-10 | 广州傲胜人造草股份有限公司 | A kind of composite filled object and a kind of true and false careless mixed lawn |
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| US20200109524A1 (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2020-04-09 | Westlake Compounds Llc | Non-uniform artificial turf infill |
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2001
- 2001-06-21 NZ NZ523282A patent/NZ523282A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-21 ES ES01944842T patent/ES2304389T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-21 BR BRPI0112289-4A patent/BR0112289B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-21 AT AT01944842T patent/ATE392508T1/en active
- 2001-06-21 WO PCT/CA2001/000922 patent/WO2001098589A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-21 EP EP01944842A patent/EP1292733B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-21 CN CNB018115063A patent/CN1232703C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-21 KR KR1020027017491A patent/KR100557282B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-21 CN CNA2005101161730A patent/CN1800493A/en active Pending
- 2001-06-21 DE DE60133643T patent/DE60133643T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-21 YU YU97802A patent/YU97802A/en unknown
- 2001-06-21 AU AU6723701A patent/AU6723701A/en active Pending
- 2001-06-21 CA CA2535641A patent/CA2535641C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-21 PT PT01944842T patent/PT1292733E/en unknown
- 2001-06-21 AU AU2001267237A patent/AU2001267237B2/en not_active Expired
- 2001-06-21 AP APAP/P/2003/002732A patent/AP1594A/en active
- 2001-06-21 GB GB0220077A patent/GB2376639B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-21 CA CA002412767A patent/CA2412767C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-21 UA UA20021210400A patent/UA75599C2/en unknown
- 2001-06-21 EP EP08007368.7A patent/EP2166153A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-21 EA EA200300043A patent/EA004454B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-21 HU HU0302678A patent/HU227351B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-21 JP JP2002504730A patent/JP4098078B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-21 DK DK01944842T patent/DK1292733T3/en active
- 2001-06-21 MX MXPA03000195A patent/MXPA03000195A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-21 AP AP2005003473A patent/AP1864A/en active
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2002
- 2002-12-12 ZA ZA200210075A patent/ZA200210075B/en unknown
- 2002-12-19 CR CR6865A patent/CR6865A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-20 NO NO20026174A patent/NO321879B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-23 MA MA26974A patent/MA28243A1/en unknown
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2003
- 2003-12-19 HK HK03109271A patent/HK1058383A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102216528A (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2011-10-12 | 纺织品管理联合公司 | System and method for storage and temporary installation of secondary flooring surface |
| CN102216528B (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2013-06-12 | 纺织品管理联合公司 | System and method for storage and temporary installation of secondary flooring surface |
| CN112746547A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-05-04 | 江苏联创人造草坪股份有限公司 | Sports artificial lawn and preparation method thereof |
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