CN1796023A - Vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type - Google Patents
Vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type Download PDFInfo
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- CN1796023A CN1796023A CN 200410100468 CN200410100468A CN1796023A CN 1796023 A CN1796023 A CN 1796023A CN 200410100468 CN200410100468 CN 200410100468 CN 200410100468 A CN200410100468 A CN 200410100468A CN 1796023 A CN1796023 A CN 1796023A
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- centrifugal
- centrifugal casting
- electromagnetical
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- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011553 magnetic fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003913 materials processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a horizontal vacuum electromagnetic centrifugal casting furnace. It includes melting chamber, centrifugal casting chamber and furnace cover. In the melting chamber a magnetic closed inductance coil is mounted, and in the centrifugal casting chamber a centrifugal rotary drum and a magnetic field generator are mounted. Said centrifugal rotary drum is driven by motor positioned in the exterior of centrifugal casting chamber and rotated. The exterior of centrifugal rotary drum is equipped with a supporting shaft, said magnetic field generator is composed of electromagnetic device coil placed outside of centrifugal casting chamber and U-shaped electromagnetic iron inserted into the interior of centrifugal casting chamber, the upper end of said electromagnetic iron is equipped with a pair of iron magnetic heads, the above-mentioned centrifugal rotary drum is placed between said pair of iron magnetic heads.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the improvement of Casting Equipment, specifically a kind of vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type.
Background technology
Electromagnetic centrifugal casting is as a kind of emerging foundry engieering, and refinement cast sturcture reduces segregation, has improved the performance of casting alloy, is subjected to materials processing worker's extensive concern.People have developed the normal pressure electromagnetic centrifugal casting manufacturing apparatus at conventional ferrous materials at present, but for the electromagnetic centrifugal casting reactive metal, its liquid metal is easy to generate strong oxidation, for preventing the especially strong oxidation of centrifugal casting process liquid metal of melting, be necessary very much to develop the strong vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting equipment of applicability.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type, it has the advantages that centrifugal rotation is steady, electromagnetic field is stable, can play the effect of refinement cast sturcture.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type, have working chamber, centrifugal casting chamber, bell, dress magnetic sealing induction coil in the working chamber, indoor assembling centrifugal basket of centrifugal casting and magnetic field generator, centrifugal basket is by the outdoor motor drives rotation of centrifugal casting, centrifugal basket applies back shaft outward, magnetic field generator constitutes by placing the outdoor calutron coil of centrifugal casting to be enclosed within to stretch into the indoor U type electromagnet of centrifugal casting, the electromagnet upper end is provided with ferromagnetic head, and centrifugal basket places between the ferromagnetic head.
The present invention drives the centrifugal rotating shaft of centrifugal basket rotation and adopts device for sealing magnetic fluid to be connected with the centrifugal casting chamber.
The present invention is two with the back shaft quantity that centrifugal basket rotates, and is installed on centrifugal basket cantilever end two bottom sides respectively.
The magnetic sealing induction coil that melting material of the present invention is used adds the structure of silicon steel sheet for the induction coil outside.
Produce the controlling magnetic field intensity of 0～0.2T between the magnetic head of magnetic-induction apparatus of the present invention in the centrifugal basket.
The outdoor motor of centrifugal casting of the present invention adopts the AC speed regulating variable-frequency motor, and the AC speed regulating variable-frequency motor drives the indoor stainless steel centrifugal basket rotation of centrifugal casting, and revolution is continuous adjustable at 0～2500 rev/min.
Centrifugal casting of the present invention chamber is horizontal electromagnetic centrifugal casting chamber movably; Centrifugal basket of the present invention is a stainless steel cylinder; Bell of the present invention is installed loading hopper and temperature measuring equipment.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, the centrifugal rotating shaft that drives the centrifugal basket rotation among the present invention adopts device for sealing magnetic fluid to be connected with horizontal electromagnetic centrifugal casting chamber, guarantees that the indoor final vacuum of centrifugal casting is less than 1.33 * 10
-3Pa, thus the high vacuum of indoor maintenance in melting and the centrifugal casting process guaranteed.
2, rotating centrifugal rotating cylinder of the present invention applies back shaft, the steady rotation of stainless steel centrifugal basket under vacuum guaranteed by the excellent support of cantilever end, centrifugal rotating shaft drives by the outdoor AC speed regulating variable-frequency motor of centrifugal casting, reach the high speed rotation of stainless steel centrifugal basket, revolution 0～2500 rev/min continuous adjustable, realize centrifugal casting.
3, magnetic field generator of the present invention is made of a pair of magnetic head on the U type electromagnet that is with the calutron coil and its top, wherein, U type electromagnet lower end places horizontal electromagnetic centrifugal casting outdoor, avoids it to be positioned over the drawback of the venting under the vacuum and discharge in the working chamber; It is indoor that electromagnet upper end is sealed in centrifugal casting, and magnetic head closely cooperated, and guarantees to be positioned at the controlling magnetic field intensity that centrifugal basket between magnetic head can obtain 0～0.2T.This magnetic field generator is to reducing the component segregation of cast component, refinement cast sturcture, and electromagnetism plays key effect in centrifugal casting.
4, for producing magnetic field generator, disturbs the induced field of avoiding the melting coil, coil of the present invention adopts magnetic sealing induction coil, and add the magnetic line of force that silicon steel sheet absorbs its generation in the induction coil outside, make it not to the coil external leaks, guarantee that U type electromagnet does not generate heat in whole melting and casting process, during centrifugal casting simultaneously to producing stable magnetic field in the centrifugal basket between magnetic head.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is centrifugal limb support arrangement and a magnetic field generator schematic diagram among Fig. 1.
The magnetic sealing induction coil structural representation that Fig. 3 uses for melting material of the present invention.
Fig. 4 a is the cast tube schematic diagram that is positioned at the centrifugal basket graphite mo(u)ld.
Fig. 4 b is the cast tube schematic diagram of 1025 structural carbon steels of the demoulding.
Among the figure: 1, fire door; 2, motor; 3, device for sealing magnetic fluid; 4, centrifugal rotating shaft; 5, electromagnet; 6, calutron coil; 7, centrifugal casting chamber; 8, running channel; 9, working chamber; 10, magnetic sealing induction coil; 11, bell; 12, loading hopper; 13, temperature measuring equipment; 14, centrifugal basket; 15, back shaft; 16, furnace bottom flange; 17, bakelite dividing plate; 18, support; 19, magnetic head; 20, clamping bolt; 21, induction coil; 22, silicon steel sheet; 23, stationary magazine creel.
The specific embodiment
As Figure 1-3, the present invention develops a kind of vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type, its main composition comprises: 1. vertical working chamber 9, can adorn 25 in the working chamber 9 respectively, the magnetic sealing induction coil 10 of two kinds of capacity of 50kg, bell 11 is installed material alloying bucket 12 and temperature measuring equipment 13, and working chamber 9 communicates with centrifugal casting chamber 7 by running channel 8; 2. movably horizontal electromagnetic centrifugal casting chamber 7, centrifugal basket (stainless steel cylinder) 14 and magnetic field generator that this indoor assembling centrifugal casting is used, fire door 1 and 14 coaxial connections of centrifugal basket are passed in centrifugal rotating shaft 4, centrifugal basket 14 is by motor (AC speed regulating variable-frequency motor) 2 driven rotary outside the centrifugal casting chamber 7, rotating speed is adjustable continuously at 0～2500r/m, centrifugal basket 14 cantilever end two bottom sides apply can be with two back shafts 15 of centrifugal basket 14 rotations, and back shaft 15 places on the support 18.Magnetic field generator constitutes by placing centrifugal casting chamber 7 outer calutron coils 6 to be enclosed within the U type electromagnet 5 that stretches in the centrifugal casting chamber 7, make be positioned at its upper end to ferromagnetic the 19 continuous controlling magnetic field of the inner 0～0.2T of generation, be fixed in electromagnet 5 upper ends to ferromagnetic 19 by clamping bolt 20, U type electromagnet 5 passes furnace bottom flange 16 and stretches out outside the centrifugal casting chamber 7, and the calutron coil 6 on it places between the bakelite dividing plate 17.3. vacuum-pumping system and operating platform.Pumped vacuum systems comprises KT-600 oil diffusion pump, ZJ-600 lobe pump and H-150 mechanical pump, guarantees that the indoor final vacuum of centrifugal casting is lower than 1.33 * 10
-3Pa.Vacuum, electrical quantity, digital temperature, centrifugal revolution, magnetic field intensity Displaying Meter are housed on the switch board of furnace maneuver platform, and the simulating display screen of stove duty.This vacuum centrifugal casting stove smelting metal material under vacuum can be produced the foundry goods that needs shape by electromagnetic centrifugal casting.
The present invention's vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type as Figure 1-3 possesses following function:
1. has horizontal centrifugal function stable under the vacuum
As horizontal electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace under the vacuum, in the time of should considering that centrifugal rotating shaft 4 is rotated at a high speed, centrifugal casting chamber 7 outer air are by the leakage of centrifugal rotating shaft 4 in centrifugal casting chamber 7.Structure of the present invention is that the centrifugal rotating shaft 4 that drives indoor stainless steel centrifugal basket 14 rotations of horizontal chamber furnace (oven) adopts device for sealing magnetic fluid 3 to be connected with horizontal electromagnetic centrifugal casting chamber 7, guarantees that the indoor final vacuum of centrifugal casting is less than 1.33 * 10
-3Pa.
The steady rotation of rotation stainless steel centrifugal basket 14 under vacuum leans on the excellent support of its cantilever end back shaft 15 to guarantee (referring to Fig. 2).Centrifugal rotating shaft 4 drives by centrifugal casting chamber 7 outer motor (AC speed regulating variable-frequency motor) 2, reaches the high speed rotation of stainless steel centrifugal basket 14, realizes centrifugal casting.The advantage that the AC speed regulating variable-frequency motor is adjusted rotating speed is, centrifugal rotational speed can be with designer's requirement, and the present invention adopts TD1000 type frequency converter to regulate the rotating speed of centrifugal basket 14 continuously in 0～2500r/m.
2. has the feature that centrifugal casting process under the vacuum can add high-intensity magnetic field
Be the component segregation of minimizing cast component, refinement cast sturcture, electromagnetism plays key effect in centrifugal casting.Magnetic field generator of the present invention constitutes (calutron overall diagram as shown in Figure 2) by the U type electromagnet 5 that is with calutron coil 6 and a pair of magnetic head 19 on its top.The U type electromagnet 5 that 7 outsides, horizontal electromagnetic centrifugal casting chamber are with calutron coil 6 extend in the centrifugal casting chamber 7, makes in the centrifugal casting chamber 7 the stainless steel centrifugal basket 14 inner magnetic fields that produce between a pair of magnetic head 19.During vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting, obtain the continuous controlling magnetic field intensity of 0～0.2T by adjusting the size of electric current in the calutron coil 6, make the molten steel that casts in rotation stainless steel centrifugal basket 14 inner moulds.
Be the magnetic field that prevents that magnetic interference magnetic field generator that 21 meltings of melting induction coil produce from producing in centrifugal basket 14, induction coil 21 outsides add the magnetic line of force that silicon steel sheet 22 absorbs its generation, make it not to the coil external leaks, guarantee that U type electromagnet 5 does not generate heat in whole melting and casting process, to producing stable magnetic field in 19 centrifugal baskets of magnetic head 14, silicon steel sheet 22 outsides are provided with stationary magazine creel 23 (as shown in Figure 3) during centrifugal casting simultaneously.
Application example
Use this vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace, under different magnetic field intensities and centrifugal rotational speed, vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting has gone out the cast tube of 1025 structural carbon steels of φ 270 * 165 * 18mm shown in Fig. 4 a-b.The room temperature tensile performance of its casting attitude has all reached the requirement (the results are shown in Table 1) of this hot rolling attitude structural carbon steel standard.
The room temperature tensile performance of table 1 vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting 1025 structural steel
| The cast tube numbering | σ 0.2(Mpa) | σ b(Mpa) | δ％ | φ％ | H (Gauss) | N(r/min) |
| 1# | 267 294 | 468 472 | 31.2 31.2 | 50.4 55.7 | 1150 | 1250 |
| 2# | 299 310 | 480 480 | 30.8 36.4. | 58.5 60.9 | 830 | 1250 |
| 3# | 292 260 | 485 487 | 26.0 30.0 | 50.1 53.5 | 1150 | 1450 |
| Standard * | ≥219 | ≥398 | ≥25 | ≥50 |
Annotate:
*Be hot rolling attitude 1025 structural carbon steel data in world's grade of steel handbook
Claims (9)
1, a kind of vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type, has working chamber (9), centrifugal casting chamber (7), bell (11), it is characterized in that: dress magnetic sealing induction coil (10) in working chamber (9), assembling centrifugal basket (14) and magnetic field generator in the centrifugal casting chamber (7), centrifugal basket (14) is by centrifugal casting chamber (7) outer motor (2) driven rotary, the outer back shaft (15) that applies of centrifugal basket (14), magnetic field generator stretches into indoor U type electromagnet (5) formation of centrifugal casting by placing the outer calutron coil (6) in centrifugal casting chamber (7) to be enclosed within, electromagnet (5) upper end is provided with ferromagnetic head (19), and centrifugal basket (14) places between the ferromagnetic head (19).
2, according to the described vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the centrifugal rotating shaft (4) that drives centrifugal basket (14) rotation adopts device for sealing magnetic fluid (3) to be connected with centrifugal casting chamber (7).
3, according to the described vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type of claim 1, it is characterized in that: back shaft (15) quantity of rotating with centrifugal basket (14) is two, is installed on centrifugal basket (14) cantilever end two bottom sides respectively.
4, according to the described vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the magnetic sealing induction coil (10) that the melting material is used adds the structure of silicon steel sheet (22) for induction coil (21) outside.
5, according to the described vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the controlling magnetic field intensity that produces 0～0.2T between magnetic head (19) in the centrifugal basket (14).
6, according to the described vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the outdoor motor of centrifugal casting adopts the AC speed regulating variable-frequency motor, the AC speed regulating variable-frequency motor drives the indoor stainless steel centrifugal basket rotation of centrifugal casting, and revolution is continuous adjustable at 0～2500 rev/min.
7, according to the described vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the centrifugal casting chamber is horizontal electromagnetic centrifugal casting chamber movably.
8, according to the described vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type of claim 1, it is characterized in that: centrifugal basket is a stainless steel cylinder.
9, according to the described vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type of claim 1, it is characterized in that: bell is installed loading hopper and temperature measuring equipment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004101004684A CN1327992C (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2004-12-24 | Vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type |
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| CNB2004101004684A CN1327992C (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2004-12-24 | Vacuum electromagnetical centrifugal casting furnace in horizontal type |
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| CN1796023A true CN1796023A (en) | 2006-07-05 |
| CN1327992C CN1327992C (en) | 2007-07-25 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101781713A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2010-07-21 | 成都多林电器有限责任公司 | Full-solid induction remelting device |
| CN103357837A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-10-23 | 西安工程大学 | Vacuum-induction centrifugal casting device and titanium alloy casting method |
| CN103752789A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-30 | 吴江亿泰真空设备科技有限公司 | Centrifugal smelting casting furnace |
| CN104874760A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-02 | 凤冈县凤鸣农用机械制造有限公司 | Vacuum type centrifugal casting device |
| CN108677042A (en) * | 2018-05-26 | 2018-10-19 | 孟静 | The melting of high temperature alloy and molding machine |
| CN108707768A (en) * | 2018-05-26 | 2018-10-26 | 孟静 | The melting of high temperature alloy and forming method |
| FR3073163A1 (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2019-05-10 | Safran Aircraft Engines | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CENTRIFUGAL CASTING METAL ALLOY BLANKET |
| CN113732261A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-03 | 马鞍山市兴隆铸造有限公司 | Vacuum electromagnetic centrifugal casting furnace |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP3075302B2 (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 2000-08-14 | 電気興業株式会社 | Precision casting equipment |
| CN2194776Y (en) * | 1993-04-10 | 1995-04-19 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Apparatus for centrifugal casting metal-base composite in electromagnetic field |
| CN2224051Y (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 1996-04-10 | 中国石油化工总公司 | Centrifugal casting machine |
| JP3830697B2 (en) * | 1999-09-29 | 2006-10-04 | 株式会社クボタ | Method for producing composite roll for rolling |
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2004
- 2004-12-24 CN CNB2004101004684A patent/CN1327992C/en active Active
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101781713A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2010-07-21 | 成都多林电器有限责任公司 | Full-solid induction remelting device |
| CN103357837A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-10-23 | 西安工程大学 | Vacuum-induction centrifugal casting device and titanium alloy casting method |
| CN103752789A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-30 | 吴江亿泰真空设备科技有限公司 | Centrifugal smelting casting furnace |
| CN104874760A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-02 | 凤冈县凤鸣农用机械制造有限公司 | Vacuum type centrifugal casting device |
| FR3073163A1 (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2019-05-10 | Safran Aircraft Engines | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CENTRIFUGAL CASTING METAL ALLOY BLANKET |
| WO2019092354A1 (en) | 2017-11-07 | 2019-05-16 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Device and method for manufacturing a metal alloy blank by centrifugal casting |
| CN111372703A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2020-07-03 | 赛峰飞机发动机公司 | Apparatus and method for manufacturing metal alloy blanks by centrifugal casting |
| CN111372703B (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2022-05-27 | 赛峰飞机发动机公司 | Apparatus and method for manufacturing metal alloy blanks by centrifugal casting |
| US11433453B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 | 2022-09-06 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Device and method for manufacturing a metal alloy blank by centrifugal casting |
| CN108707768A (en) * | 2018-05-26 | 2018-10-26 | 孟静 | The melting of high temperature alloy and forming method |
| CN108677042A (en) * | 2018-05-26 | 2018-10-19 | 孟静 | The melting of high temperature alloy and molding machine |
| CN108677042B (en) * | 2018-05-26 | 2019-08-16 | 辽宁宏基电力设备制造有限公司 | The melting of high temperature alloy and molding machine |
| CN108707768B (en) * | 2018-05-26 | 2019-08-30 | 圣航粉末冶金河北有限公司 | The melting of high temperature alloy and forming method |
| CN113732261A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-03 | 马鞍山市兴隆铸造有限公司 | Vacuum electromagnetic centrifugal casting furnace |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1327992C (en) | 2007-07-25 |
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