A kind of tower type aged rubbish biological reaction bed is handled the method for consumer waste landfill percolate
Technical field
The present invention relates to the purification treatment technology of consumer waste landfill percolate, belong to technical field of waste water processing.
Background technology
At present, the output of China's domestic waste is just with 5~8% speed cumulative year after year, and the refuse collection amount had surpassed 1.58 hundred million t in 2004, wherein all taked landfill disposal more than 90%.China existing nearly thousand landfill yards daily output percolate 4~80,000 t, polluting property such as, organism big because of its water quality complexity, water yield fluctuation and ammonia nitrogen concentration height, nutritive element are out of proportion, its processing does not still have very perfect technology so far.According to urban construction institute to the whole nation 292 big-and-middle-sized landfill yards investigation result: 12% landfill percolate has carried out processing up to standard (entering city planting ductwork); 49% landfill yard is handled, but below standard; And the directly discharging with regard to not carrying out any processing at all of remaining 39% landfill yard has caused severe contamination to surrounding environment.
The processing scheme of domestic and international landfill percolate, be broadly divided into to recharge after processing, the pre-treatment to merge and handle with municipal effluent, and handle in biology-materialization combination process field: (1) scheme of recharging belongs to the nature strengthening process, simple to operate, processing cost is low, can quicken the stabilization process of landfill yard simultaneously, but practical application lacks sophisticated technological design and service experience, operation exists environmental sanitation and safety problem, and treatment effect is not good enough, and partial concentration liquid need efflux processing; (2) merge processing and can utilize buffering, dilution and the balanced in nutrition effect of municipal effluent percolate, handle when realizing both, save capital construction and working cost, but this scheme is subjected to the restriction of the factors such as position, distance and conveying cost of landfill yard and Sewage Plant, and the complicated water quality of percolate also can have a negative impact to the normal operation of Sewage Plant; (3) an interior scheme has adapted to the requirement of large-scale landfill percolate individual curing, mostly take " physico-chemical pretreatment (coagulating sedimentation; ammonia-nitrogen desorption; chemical oxidation; stripping etc.)+biological body processing (anaerobism; anoxic; aerobic etc.)+materialization advanced treatment (absorption at present, reverse osmosis, catalyzed oxidation, evaporation etc.) " combination process; as " anaerobic pond+facultative lagoon+aeration lagoon+reed wetland+chemical oxidation " of Shanghai Lao Gang landfill yard; " the UASB+SBR+ reverse osmosis " of Guangzhou Xing Feng landfill yard; " coagulating sedimentation+ammonia-nitrogen desorption+anaerobic filter+SBR " of Shenzhen Xia Ping landfill yard; " anaerobism+ammonia-nitrogen desorption+A/O+ coagulating sedimentation " of Foshan Bai Shiao landfill yard etc.; but in actual applications, these technologies are often long because of flow process, take up an area of more, the maintenance management difficulty is big, capital construction and working cost are higher, water quality and quantity adapts to restrictions such as difference, make existing percolate treatment facility be difficult to normal operation, the technology water outlet is difficult to reach the GB16889-1997 secondary discharge standard.
Practice shows, make the percolate qualified discharge, and processing cost is generally 50~100 yuan/m
3, and the acceptable processing cost of domestic most landfill yard is less than 15~20 yuan/m
3Therefore, break through traditional technology, reliable, the economically viable percolate treating process of the technology of seeking has been the task of top priority.
Tongji University finds that in to the research of the many decades of landfill yard stabilization close after 3 years, landfill waste promptly changes the metastable anaerobic degradation stage over to by quick degradation period, during percolate COD, BOD
5, biodegradable material stabilization process indexs such as (BDM) descends with the passing of landfill time in the rubbish; Approximately landfill is after 8~10 years, low, the easy sieve that dries in the air naturally of matured waste stink wherein, and percolate produces few, reaches stabilization and innoxious substantially, and rubbish at this moment is referred to as mineralized waste in this article.Fines material wherein (outer appearnce of Φ≤100mm) like soil ulmin, be the microaggregate shape, countless atomic holes and huge surface-area are loosened, had to quality, and be rich in organic matter, permeability is good, cation exchange capacity is high, in addition on it because of special forming process apposition growth of a great variety, quantity is huge, adaptable microflora and various organized enzyme, hardly degraded organic substances such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons there are inherent affinity and degradation capability, therefore are very suitable for as good sewage purification matrix efficiently.
Existing studies show that, with respect to other Survival Factor (as water, carbon source, the energy, nitrogenous source, inorganic salt etc.), dissolved oxygen not only influences a redox potential of body shallow-layer, determines wherein aerobic, hold concurrently activity and the distribution of oxygen and anaerobion; Also can be used as the electron acceptor(EA) that microorganism aerobic is breathed, participate in the biosynthesizing of part material (as sterols and unsaturated fatty acids etc.); And most of bacteriums, actinomycetes, fungi, mould, protozoon with pollutant purification performance etc. all belong to aerobic microbiological, so the reoxygenation situation of percolate and mineralized waste filler, will directly influence the biological treatment effect of percolate.
Summary of the invention
The novel process that the present invention aims to provide a kind of capital construction and working cost is low, technical process is simple, convenient operating maintenance, resistance to overload shock, long service life, water outlet can satisfy the GB16889-1997 secondary discharge standard.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technology:
One. carry out the structure of multi-stage biological reaction bed earlier: by 1~50 preferred 3~6 circle or rectangle reaction bed, according to vertical or horizontal direction series connection; Perhaps vertical and level intersection series combination forms, and the perpendicular separation of each reaction bed is 1~200cm when vertically connecting, and forms multistage pyramidal structure by the pillar series connection, is provided with water collecting basin at the bottom of the tower; During the level series connection, the bottom of each reaction bed is provided with a water collecting basin.Reaction bed is made of bottom cushion, packing layer, water distribution and water exhaust system from bottom to top.Bed course is made of net emery cloth, metalling, geo-grid etc.; Packing layer be particle diameter less than 100mm, the mineralized waste of preferred 40~60mm screening fines; Water distribution adopts the big resistance water distribution system of high-pressure pump tubular type to spray; Draining is adopted and is oozed mode naturally along load-bearing precoated plate hollow out place, directly enters next stage reaction bed or water collecting basin.
Two. carry out the anaerobism pre-treatment of percolate: fresh percolate stopped 15~70 days at anaerobic pond, removed portion C OD, BOD
5, NH
3Pollutent such as-N, TSS makes into water pollution load reduction, and wherein COD reduces to 4200~6000mg/L, improves its biodegradability.
Three. tame: the domestication mode that reaction beds at different levels take low organic loading or low hydraulic load gradient to raise starts, and each gradient domestication is not less than 7 days, and domestication finishes after 30~60 days, starts operation normally.
Four. normal operation: the first order reaction bed adopts the big resistance distributing system of tubular type intermittently to spray water distribution, and hydraulic load is 5~200L percolate/m
3Mineralized waste fines d (my god), the cycle of operation is 1~6 hour/time, the time length that frequency is 4~24 times/day, join percolate is 1~20min.Join first order reaction bed water outlet behind the percolate through the thick packing layer of 10~500cm, bottom cushion that 10~50cm is thick, the natural reaeration vertical range that 1~200cm is high, directly drop to (or after tank is collected, being pumped to) next stage bed face, continue to be handled, make the final outflow water qualified discharge.
Five. process maintenance and management: (A) control reaction bed influent quality is COD:6500~9000mg/L, and preferred 4200~6000mg/L avoids the hazardous and noxious substances severe overweight, influences water outlet qualified discharge of the present invention; (B) in time the bed body is stopped up or tight zone is rooted out, turned over and dig or upgrade, make it be loose earthy, recover the penetrating quality of bed body; (C) natural subsidence to occurring in the reaction bed long-time running process is added fresh mineralized waste regular replenishment; (D) guarantee rational operating parameter, dredge the range pipe aperture at any time, in time proofread and correct or the replacing metering water meter, make regular check on or keep in repair the pipeline distributing system.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. (Φ≤100mm) is rich in organic matter, high adsorption capacity, big, the good penetrability of cation exchange capacity to the mineralized waste fines, be attached with stability and high efficiency, miscellaneous microorganism, organized enzyme and the complete organic and inorganic ecosystem on it, utilize himself exclusive affinity and detergent power, each pollutant is under abiotic effects such as physical filtering and absorption, decomposition and precipitation, ion-exchange and chelating, held back by the mineralized waste filler in the water distribution phase, and formed microbial film thereon gradually.Microbial film is with its special construction, can effectively utilize natural reaeration process absorption cleaning pollutent in the dry spell that falls, in synthetic self matrix, release energy in, outside meta-bolites discharge system, and make self continual renovation, thereby the long-term cleaning action that keeps pollutent.
2. technical process is simple, influenced by ambient conditions less, strong shock resistance, stable effluent quality.Preposition anaerobism pretreatment process, be easy to realize, can significantly reduce the organic loading of subsequent disposal, the first order reaction bed has very strong resiliency and pre-treatment ability to good biodegradability, the higher percolate of pollution load, and the clearance of COD can reach more than 85~90%; The subsequent reactions bed has been strengthened advanced treatment effect to pollutent because of its good reoxygenation process, only after tertiary treatment, and the COD of percolate, BOD
5, NH
3-N and TSS can reduce to 100~300mg/L, 30~150mg/L, 0~25mg/L and 200~600mg/L respectively from 3000~20000mg/L, 1500~10000mg/L, 300~2500mg/L and 4000~15000mg/L, and water outlet meets national secondary discharge standard.
3. reaction bed is easy to make up, aeration structure is reasonable, can take flexi mode to carry out level or vertical series combination according to practical situation between at different levels.Wherein short period alternation of wetting and drying, multi-frequency spray the operation scheme of water distribution, the structural shape of built-in vent-pipe, bottom blotter, bed surface filler upgrades, turn over maintenance management measure such as dig, can accelerate the reoxygenation frequency of bed and percolate, make a body form the good aerobic-oxygen-anaerobic environment of holding concurrently, help existence and the breeding of different monoid microorganisms.Particularly between the bed body because of the tail water drop falls the natural reaeration of realizing, can effectively replenish oxygen that the degraded of bed internal contamination thing causes and divide and consume the further conversion of promotion hard-degraded substance in follow-up bed.
This technology capital cost low (2~30,000 yuan/t), equipment purchasing few (only needing several high-pressure pump and percolate transmission and distribution pipeline), flexible operation, maintenance management be convenient, processing cost only is 10%~30% (4~6 yuan/t), reach work-ing life more than 10 years of conventional treatment method.
Therefore, the present invention is fit to China's national situation very much, when efficient low-consume is handled percolate, has also opened up a brand-new road for throwing aside the recycling of mineralized waste in a large number.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram that tower third order reaction bed of the present invention is handled percolate
Fig. 2 is the big resistance water distribution system of a reaction bed surface tubular type structural representation
Fig. 3 is a reaction bed bottom engraved structure synoptic diagram
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram that level series connection third order reaction bed of the present invention is handled percolate
Fig. 5 is the change curves of three kinds of fresh percolate COD concentration with the anaerobism pretreatment time
Label declaration in the accompanying drawing is as follows:
The 1-anaerobic pond; The 2-high-pressure pump; 3-reaction of high order bed; The 4-mineralized waste; The 5-vent-pipe; The 6-blotter; 7-bed wall; 8-props up and leans on; The 9-water collecting basin; The 10-water-distributing gap; The 11-main; The 12-arm; The 13-precoated plate.
See also accompanying drawing 1,2,3, adopt the process that vertically is connected into tower reaction bed processing percolate to be: the fresh percolate that is kept in the equalizing tank pumps into anaerobic pond 1, after stopping 15~30 day time therein, by high-pressure pump 2 extractings to first order reaction bed surface, through as shown in Figure 3 by the water-distributing gap 10 that is connected with high-pressure pump 2, and the main 11 that is connected with water-distributing gap 10, the even sprinkling of the big resistance water distribution system of tubular type that the arm 12 that is connected with main 11 is formed, percolate is adsorbed by mineralized waste 4 in bed, degraded, spray water distribution through reaction bed, structural shapes such as alternation of wetting and drying operation scheme and vent-pipe 5 and blotter 6 are realized natural reaeration, the percolate that abbreviates tail water as drops to secondary successively from precoated plate 13 bottom hollow outs as shown in Figure 4, third order reaction bed surface, after three grades of series connection were handled, final outflow water was stored in qualified discharge in the water collecting basin 9.
Consult accompanying drawing 4, the process that adopts three grades of horizontal cascade reaction beds to handle percolates is: exist fresh percolate in the equalizing tank after anaerobic treatment,, evenly spray through big resistance water distribution system to first order reaction bed surface with high-pressure pump 2 extractings, water outlet is stored in the one-level water collecting basin 9; Again by high-pressure pump 2 with the tail water extracting handled through the first order reaction bed in the one-level water collecting basin 9 to the surperficial water distribution of second order reaction bed, water outlet drops to secondary water collecting basin 9, and then secondary tail water pumped into third order reaction bed surface water distribution, but three grades of tail water qualified discharge substantially.The capital cost of this method is lower, but need increase by two lift pumps, occupation of land is bigger.
Consult accompanying drawing 5, the COD starting point concentration of three kinds of percolates (A, B, C) is respectively 13500mg/L, 8680mg/L and 6950mg/L, HDPE mould lid sealing anaerobic treatment through 30 days, its COD concentration is reduced to 7200mg/L, 4700mg/L and 4050mg/L respectively, and clearance is respectively 46.7%, 45.8% and 41.7%; From the change curve of three COD, the anaerobic treatment effect is obvious, but along with the prolongation of time, the downtrending of COD concentration eases up.From the Technological Economy consideration, the residence time of percolate is recommended as about 30d.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Shanghai City beach type landfill yard adopts three grades of vertical series connection mineralized refuse bioreactors technical process as shown in Figure 1, carries out the percolate of 1~5t/d and handles pilot experiment.The essential property of mineralized waste fines is as shown in table 1, (COD:8200~12000mg/L) takes from equalizing tank to pending percolate, (COD reduces to 4200~6000mg/L) after anaerobic pond 1 is handled 30d, adopt high-pressure pump 2 extractings to first step reaction bed surface water distribution, the water distribution system design variable is as shown in table 2.Third order reaction bed cross section is rectangular configuration, and (10m * 3m), one, two, three mineralized waste filler virtual height is respectively 0.4m, 0.6m and 1m, and adjacent bed vertical spacing is 0.3m.
System, batches with different hydraulic loads and organic loading by the stage within 1 year according to the operation scheme of 6 times/d of water distribution frequency, cycle of operation 4h, water distribution time length 5min through the 30d domestication, and technology is to percolate COD and NH
3The removal effect of-N is as shown in table 3.
As shown in Table 3, this technology has good resiliency and detergent power to percolate.From sense organ, water inlet gradually becomes yellow, faint yellow by with malodorous grey black look, and final outflow water is near colorless and odorless.By assaying reaction bed top layer (0~20cm) total plate count, finding has increased by 2~3 orders of magnitude than basic former state, total plate count is stabilized in (2~5) * 10
8On the level of individual/(the dried rubbish of g), the stable state that these are of a great variety, the microflora of enormous amount is percolate purifies has established good basis.
The essential property of table 1 mineralized waste (12 years ages of landfill, the screening particle diameter≤40mm)
Character unit weight (g/cm
3)
| Porosity (%) | Permeability coefficient (cm/min) | Cation exchange capacity (the dried rubbish of milligramequivalent/g) | Organic (g/kg) | Total plate count (10
6The dried rubbish of individual/g)
|
Numerical value 0.75 | 37.25 | 2.152 | 65.4 | 102.5 | 7.2 |
The big resistance water distribution system of table 2 tubular type design variable (mm)
The main caliber | Branch diameter | Prop up tube spacing | The distributing hole spacing | The water distribution aperture | The perforate ratio |
100 | 20 | 500 | 75 | 2 | 0.25% |
Three grades of vertical cascade reaction bed process of table 3 are to percolate COD and NH
3The removal effect of-N
Hydraulic load L/ (m
3Rubbish d)
| Organic loading gCOD/ (m
3Rubbish d)
| COD(mg/L) | Clearance (%) | NH
3-N(mg/L)
| Clearance (%) |
Water inlet | Water outlet | Water inlet | Water outlet |
16.7 16.7 33.3 33.3 50.0 50.0 66.7 | 72.65 77.66 141.5 143.8 239.0 260.5 368.2 | 4350 4650 4250 4320 4780 5210 5520 | 156.1 160.2 176.1 179.0 190.5 203.2 213.5 | 96.49 96.55 95.86 95.88 96.01 96.10 96.13 | 1220 1250 1090 1130 820 885 825 | 10.5 15.5 12.3 15.6 8.2 9.5 12.4 | 99.14 98.76 98.87 98.62 99.00 98.93 98.50 |
66.7 83.3 83.3 | 326.2 424.8 445.6 | 4890 5100 5350 | 205.8 234.5 240.6 | 95.79 95.40 95.50 | 995 945 1020 | 18.5 16.0 21.5 | 98.14 98.30 97.89 |
Embodiment 2
Qingdao of Shandong province mountain valley-type landfill yard adopts three grades of level series connection mineralized refuse bioreactors technical process as shown in Figure 4, carries out the percolate treatment project application of 70t/d.Mineralized waste landfill age is 9 years, and the screening particle diameter is less than 60mm, only chooses except inert materials such as stone that wherein particle is bigger, plastics, glass, wooden sticks.(COD:6500~9000mg/L) takes from equalizing tank to pending percolate, anaerobic pond forms for the oxygen pool of holding concurrently adds the transformation of HDPE membrane cover, (COD reduced to 3000~4500mg/L) after percolate stopped therein and is about 60d, adopt three high-pressure pump and the big resistance pipeline distributing system of three covers respectively to third order reaction bed surface extracting water distribution, water distribution system design variable and table 2 are similar.The third order reaction bed is rectangular cross section structure, and (50m * 20m), the virtual height of mineralized waste filler is 2m, the vertical unsettled 0.25m of bottom cushion in the bed.
System is through the 36d domestication, and according to the operation scheme of 8 times/d of water distribution frequency, cycle of operation 3h, water distribution time length 10min, within 2 years, technology is as shown in table 4 to the average removal effect of percolate principal pollutant.
As shown in Table 4, this technology is different different because of season to the treatment effect of percolate, and summer is best, and winter is the poorest, this is because weather condition, particularly temperature such as sleet frost, illumination, evaporation, wind speed have material impact to the vital movement of bed microflora and the penetrating quality of bed body.From the whole year operation situation of technology, COD, NH
3-N, BOD
5, principal pollutant such as TSS, TP, colourity, heavy metal clearance all can reach more than 90~99%, effluent quality satisfies national secondary discharge standard all the time.
Three grades of horizontal cascade reaction bed process of table 4 are to the removal effect of percolate principal pollutant
Season | The pollutent index | COD | NH
3-N
| BOD
5 | TSS | TP | Colourity | Cr | Pb | As |
Spring | Water inlet (mg/L) water outlet (mg/L) clearance (%) | 3450 230 93.3 | 1080 21.8 97.9 | 850 35.0 95.9 | 6450 520 91.9 | 12.2 0.25 97.9 | 1000 times 100 times 90 | 0.15 0.01 93.3 | 0.97 0.11 88.7 | 0.36 0.08 77.8 |
Summer | Water inlet (mg/L) water outlet (mg/L) clearance (%) | 4200 195 95.4 | 1205 18.2 98.5 | 960 40.5 95.8 | 6100 300 95.1 | 18.9 0.12 99.4 | 1200 times 80 times 93.3 | 0.19 0.02 89.5 | 1.70 0.13 92.4 | 0.84 0.07 91.7 |
Autumn | Water inlet (mg/L) water outlet (mg/L) clearance (%) | 4100 225 94.5 | 1120 20.0 98.2 | 785 33.4 95.7 | 5650 325 94.2 | 13.5 0 100.0 | 1200 times 100 times 91.7 | 0.12 0 100 | 0.90 0.05 94.4 | 0.55 0 100 |
Winter | Water inlet (mg/L) water outlet (mg/L) clearance (%) | 3560 280 92.1 | 890 24.0 97.3 | 820 31.2 96.2 | 5750 345 94.0 | 14.2 0.15 98.9 | 1100 times 100 times 90.9 | 0.18 0.02 88.9 | 0.88 0.04 95.5 | 0.56 0.05 91.1 |