CN1778593A - 用于地面输送机械的充电设备 - Google Patents

用于地面输送机械的充电设备 Download PDF

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CN1778593A
CN1778593A CNA200510119458XA CN200510119458A CN1778593A CN 1778593 A CN1778593 A CN 1778593A CN A200510119458X A CNA200510119458X A CN A200510119458XA CN 200510119458 A CN200510119458 A CN 200510119458A CN 1778593 A CN1778593 A CN 1778593A
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CN1778593B (zh
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汗斯-赫尔曼·马斯兰德
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Jungheinrich AG
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于具有异步电动机和三相控制装置的地面传输机械的充电设备，其中三相控制装置转换用于异步电动机的电池电压，该充电设备具有网络能量模块，其通过转换器将交流电压施加到一个或多个电动机连接线上，其中充电电流通过三相控制装置中的半桥来整流。

Description

用于地面输送机械的充电设备
技术领域
本发明涉及用于具有异步电动机和三相控制装置(Drehstromsteuerung)的地面输送机械的充电设备，其中三相控制装置用于转换异步电动机的电池电压。
背景技术
EP 1 350 664 A2公开了一种具有充电功能的地面输送机械，其中不设置单独的充电设备用于为电池再充电，而是电子控制器也调节充电功能。为此，设置具有AC/DC转换器的单独电压转换器，其将电网电压转变为电池的低电压，其中AC/DC转换器对应于没有控制电路板的完整充电设备。
EP 0 849 112 A1公开了一种三相驱动装置，具有电池供电的、转速可变的三相电机以及用于为三相电机产生三相交流电压的被控脉冲逆变器(Pulswechselrichter)。此外，设置用于蓄电池的充电装置，其从三相电网供电地为蓄电池充电。这个装置需要昂贵的电动机。
EP 0 593 472 B1公开了一种舰载充电设备(Bordladegeraet)，其中逆变器的两个桥臂被调节作为高设置调节器(Hochsetzsteller)，以便施加直流电压在电容器上，并且逆变器的另一桥臂被调节作为低设置调节器(Tiefsetzsteller)，以便从电容器产生用于行驶电池(Fahrbatterie)的充电电流。这个设备要求昂贵的接触器组(Schuetzgruppe)。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，提供一种用于地面输送机械的行驶电池的充电设备，其使得能够以简单的方式对行驶电池充电。
根据本发明，这个任务是通过具有权利要求1的特征的充电设备来完成的。有利实施方式构成了从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明的充电设备用于在具有异步电动机和三相控制装置的地面输送机械中对行驶电池进行再充电，其中三相控制装置转换用于异步电动机的电池电压。充电设备具有优选地被设置为AC/AC转换器的网络能量模块(Netzenergiemodul)，其通过转换器将交流电压施加到一个或两个电动机连接线上，其中充电电流通过三相控制装置中的半桥被整流。在根据本发明的充电设备中，直接将控制装置用作二次整流器(Sekundaergleichrichter)，而不要求改变控制装置，例如附加的接触器等。
在一种可能的实施方式中，网络能量模块具有用于调整功率因数的电路，其也被称为PFC电路或PFC中间电路。网络能量模块优选地，但不是绝对必要地，具有初级时钟(getakttet)全桥，来自电网的交流电压被其转换，以通过三相控制器整流。
在一个实用的实施方式中，为了匹配行驶电池的不同功率，将网络能量模块中的转换器与三相控制装置的二次电路中的必需电流强度匹配。
在根据本发明的充电设备的一个用于高电动机漏电感中的优选实施方式中，这样实现与电动机连接线的连接，使得在异步电动机中电感并行连接用于馈电，并且对网络模块加载小的无功电流。为此，网络能量模块的两个连接线优选地分别与三个电动机连接线中的一个连接。特别地，在并行连接的电感中，电容器被连接到网络能量模块的一条连接线中，以便特别减小低频率的回流交流电流以及在行驶运行期间防止直流电流。
在一个可选实施例中，异步电动机中的电感串行连接在充电电路中，而没有跨接继电器。为此，网络能量模块这样与电动机连接线连接，使得异步电动机中的至少两个电感并行连接，或者在充电过程期间完全与继电器桥接。
根据本发明的充电设备可以被设计为车载充电设备，也可以被设计为单独的充电设备。车载充电设备被集成在地面输送机械中，并且通过传统电源电缆连接。
在一个可选实施方式中，充电设备被设计为单独的充电设备，并且优选地通过接口与地面输送机械的中央电动机控制装置连接。
附图说明
以下借助于附图详细介绍两种不同充电设备的结构，其中：
图1表示串行连接到异步电动机的网络能量模块的电路原理图；
图2表示并行连接到异步电动机的网络能量模块，以及
图3表示三相控制装置的电路原理图。
具体实施方式
图3表示具有三角形连接的异步电动机10的三相控制装置的电路原理图。行驶电池14为逆变器12供电。逆变器12具有三个相同构造的桥臂16、18和20。为了清楚简洁，为每个桥臂只表示了整流阀M1至M6，而没有表示其驱动电路。整流阀涉及可断开的大功率半导体，例如可以使用具有自振荡二极管的MOSFET晶体管或者具有内部自振荡二极管的绝缘门关断晶体管(IGBT：Insulated-Gate-Turn-Off-Transistor)。通过接通整流阀M1至M6，行驶电池所施加的直流电压V1被转换为异步电动机10所希望的三相电流，以便以转速的预定额定值来驱动地面输送机械。
图1表示根据本发明的网络能量模块，其被设置为串行连接到异步电动机10的电感。网络能量模块22具有功率因数控制电路24，其防止对电气网络的反作用。网络能量模块22还具有电桥，其又以整流阀26、28、30、32构成。电桥的对角接头(Diagonalanschluss)被初级侧地连接到转换器34。转换器34的两个连接线在次级侧连接到三相控制装置的第一桥臂16。转换器34的第二连接线连接到异步电动机10的接头PL2，使得相应的电感被串行连接。附加的继电器11可以跨接异步电动机，以直接馈电到三相电桥20。
如果异步电动机的漏电感不超过预定值，则使用图1所示的电路结构。这里，电动机在串联电路中使用平滑滤波扼流圈，并且在充电过程期间构成电桥用于馈电到三相控制装置中，并因此馈电到电池。从网络能量模块施加到异步电动机，例如相L1和L2，上的交流电流具有大约150kHz的频率，使得在电动机上不形成扭矩。电动机电感在二次电路中用作扼流电感(Drosselinduktivitaet)，并且因此允许提供充电电流。
图2表示充电电路中电感的并联连接。如果电动机漏电感高于一定极限，则优选地使用这种可能性。在地面传输机械的异步电动机中经常存在大的电动机漏电感。在这个连接中，与线圈并行地，施加频率大约为150kHz的高频交流电流，其中三相电桥16和20由此生成必需的充电电流。小的无功电流在电动机中流动，其只表示对于配置很小的额外开销。为并联连接设置的网络能量模块38的功率因数控制电路和电桥电路基本对应于上述网络能量模块的结构。连接线41配备有电容器44，用于防止来自例如以16kHz运行的三相控制装置的交流电流分量或用于防止直流分量。代替电容器44，也可以在行驶运行中通过汽车继电器或半导体继电器来断开。由于三相控制装置上特别小的频率，行驶运行期间的反向电流非常小。转换器次级线圈被设计用于不同电压匹配，例如用于24V和48V。三相控制装置36被设置用于并行馈电，其中三相电桥16通过导线与电动机10的接头PL2连接。在并联运行时，电容器44或单极断路继电器是必需的，以便防止来自三相行驶运行的反向馈电。在图1的串行馈电时，PL2的接头通过连接线36与接头PL1连接。在串行馈电时，继电器是必需的，用于跨接电动机线圈。这只在具有非常小的纵向电感的电动机中不发生。图3表示三相控制装置36，作为图2的(同步)整流器，用于并联馈电。

Claims (11)

1.用于具有异步电动机(10)和三相控制装置(12；36)的地面传输机械的充电设备，其中所述三相控制装置用于转换用于所述异步电动机的电池电压，所述充电设备具有网络能量模块(22，38)，所述网络能量模块(22，38)通过转换器(34)将交流电压施加到一个或两个电动机连接线上，其中充电电流被所述三相控制装置中的半桥整流。
2.根据权利要求1的充电设备，其特征在于，所述网络能量模块生成高频交流电压作为交流电压。
3.根据权利要求1或2的充电设备，其特征在于，所述网络能量模块具有用于调整功率因数的电路。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项的充电设备，其特征在于，所述网络能量模块具有初级时钟全桥或对称的半桥。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项的充电设备，其特征在于，设置电路元件，以在充电过程期间将所述异步电动机短接。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项的充电设备，其特征在于，所述网络能量模块被这样连接到电动机连接线，使得所述异步电动机中的电感被并行连接。
7.根据权利要求6的充电设备，其特征在于，所述网络能量模块具有两个连接线，所述两个连接线分别连接到三个电动机连接线中的一个。
8.根据权利要求7的充电设备，其特征在于，在所述网络能量模块的一个连接线中设置电容器(44)。
9.根据权利要求1至5中任一项的充电设备，其特征在于，所述网络能量模块这样与电动机连接线连接，使得所述异步电动机的至少两个电感并行连接。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项的充电设备，其特征在于，所述充电设备被集成在所述地面传输机械中。
11.根据权利要求1至9中任一项的充电设备，其特征在于，所述充电设备被构造为单独的充电设备，并且通过接口与中央电动机控制装置连接。
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