CN101051758B - 具有充电装置的地面输送机械 - Google Patents

具有充电装置的地面输送机械 Download PDF

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CN101051758B
CN101051758B CN2007100846636A CN200710084663A CN101051758B CN 101051758 B CN101051758 B CN 101051758B CN 2007100846636 A CN2007100846636 A CN 2007100846636A CN 200710084663 A CN200710084663 A CN 200710084663A CN 101051758 B CN101051758 B CN 101051758B
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resonance converter
transformer
charging device
voltage
conveying machine
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CN101051758A (zh
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克里斯托弗·韦伯
弗兰克·曼肯
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Jungheinrich AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有充电装置、异步电机和三相控制装置的地面输送机械，其中三相控制装置为异步电机转换电池的直流电压，其中充电装置具有通过变压器连接到三相控制装置的开关网络部分，其中开关网络部分、三相控制装置和变压器形成将电网电压转换为用于电池的充电电压的谐振转换器。

Description

具有充电装置的地面输送机械
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有充电装置、异步电机和三相控制器的地面输送机械，其中三相控制器为异步电机转换电池的直流电压。
背景技术
EP 1350664A2公开了一种具有充电功能的地面输送机械，其中没有设置单独的用于对电池再充电的充电装置，而是具有同样调节充电功能的电控制装置。为此，设置单独的具有AC/DC转换器的变压器，其中变压器将所施加的电网电压转换为电池的低电压，其中AC/DC转换器相当于没有控制板的完整的充电装置。
EP 0849112A1公开了一种三相传动装置，具有由电池馈电的转速可变的三相电机和用于产生三相电机的三相交流电压的受控的脉冲逆变器(Pulswechselrichter)。此外，还设置传动电池的充电装置，其由三相电网供电并对传动电池进行充电。该装置需要设计复杂的电动机。
EP0593472B1公开了一种船用充电设备，其中调节逆变器的两个电桥臂作为升压转换器(Hochsetzsteller)，以便向电容器施加直流电压，并且调节逆变器的其它电桥臂作为降压转换器(Tiefsetsteller)，以便从电容器产生用于行驶电池的充电电流。
JP08088908A描述了一种用于电有轨车辆的充电装置，其中在次级通过附加的二极管半桥来实现预接的整流。
JP08214413A公开了一种充电装置，其中设置功率保护装置用以在三相控制器和充电装置之间切换。
US5341075公开了一种组合的传动和电池充电系统，其中所施加的电网电压不被变压器来转换，而是只被滤波。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有用于行驶电池的充电装置的地面输送机械，该充电装置可以以简单的方式可靠地对行驶电池再充电。
本发明的技术问题是通过根据本发明的地面输送机械解决的。
本发明的地面输送机械具有充电装置、异步电机和三相控制装置，其中三相控制装置为异步电动机转换电池的直流电压。在本发明的这个实施方式中，为充电装置设置开关网络部分(Schaltnetzteil)，其通过变压器与三相控制装置连接。开关网络部分、三相控制装置和变压器形成谐振转换器(Resonanzwandler)，优选形成将电网电压转换为用于电池的充电电压的串联谐振转换器。在本发明的谐振转换器中，相对于例如流量转换器(Durchflusswandler)来说实现了无功的开关。这提供了一系列优点，从而例如降低了EMV干扰输出。此外，通过无电流或无电压的开关导致了明显降低的开关损耗，从而例如避免了元件的剧烈加温。通过产生很少的热量，可以实现提供按照IP54的绝缘的封装。充电装置优选是与车体和电端子连接的嵌入式充电装置。
谐振转换器的基本原理在于，所设置的所有谐振扼流圈和/或谐振电容形成谐振电路，其中该谐振电路允许晶体管接通到电流或电压的过零点。
在一个优选实施方式中，在谐振转换器中，在次级侧设置电容器，优选与变压器串联地设置。在一个优选实施方式中，还在初级侧与变压器串联地设置谐振转换器的电感。
在一个优选实施方式中，谐振转换器无电流地开关(零电流开关转换器)或无电压地开关(零电压开关转换器)。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种具有充电装置、异步电机和三相控制装置的地面输送机械，其中三相控制装置为异步电机转换电池的直流电压，其中充电装置具有通过变压器连接到三相控制装置的开关网络部分，其中开关网络部分、三相控制装置和变压器形成将电网电压转换为用于电池的充电电压的谐振转换器，其中谐振转换器在电流的过零点或在电压的过零点被接通。
附图说明
下面借助附图详细解释实施例。
图1示出谐振转换器上的电流和电压变化过程，
图2和图3示出具有设置在次级侧的谐振电容器的谐振转换器。
具体实施方式
图2示出了谐振转换器的基本构造。开关网络部分10位于分隔线A的左侧。已设置在地面输送机械内的三相控制装置12位于分隔线A的右侧。开关网络部分10具有变压器14，其中变压器14在次级侧在一个输出端与电容器16连接。此外，在开关网络部分4中还设置整流阀18、20、22、24。这些整流阀排列成电桥，其中电桥的对角端子与变压器14连接。为交流电压绘出电网端子26。三相控制装置在次级侧具有包括3个相同构造的电桥臂28、30、32的逆变器。每个电桥臂都具有两个整流阀，这些整流阀一起被称为M1至M6。整流阀是可转换的功率半导体，如例如具有自振荡二极管的MOSFET晶体管或具有内部自振荡二极管的绝缘栅极双极晶体管(IGBT)。
在各个分支28、30和32中的整流阀之间分别设置异步电机34的一个端子。逆变器的控制装置未在图2中示出。逆变器在常规的行驶运行下由电池36供电。
在图2示出的开关状态下，开关网络部分10中的电流流过整流阀22和20。在次级侧，电流流过整流阀M2和M3。在图3中示出了相同的电路，其中在保持电网中电流方向不变的同时改变变压器14上的初级侧电流方向，但不改变流过三相控制装置的电流方向。在该状态下，电流在初级侧流过整流阀18和24，在次级侧流过M1和M4。很明显，在初级侧的电流方向改变时，在次级侧没有发生电流改变。谐振转换器的控制、尤其是开关周期的控制导致不同输出强度的电流，从而可以控制充电电流。可替换地，还可以通过改变输入电压源26来控制充电电流。
图1示例性示出初级侧电流的变化过程，其中初级侧电流在过零点被接通，并因此在次级侧得到为其中一个整流阀所示出的直流电压变化过程40。在充电功率为几百瓦特时，通过采用谐振转换器而使得即使在持续运行时也产生很少的热量，并且得到良好的电磁兼容性。

Claims (6)

1.一种具有充电装置、异步电机(34)和三相控制装置(12)的地面输送机械，其中所述三相控制装置为所述异步电机(34)转换电池(36)的直流电压，其特征在于，所述充电装置具有通过变压器(14)连接到所述三相控制装置(12)的开关网络部分(10)，其中所述开关网络部分(10)、三相控制装置(12)和变压器(14)形成将电网电压转换为用于所述电池的充电电压的谐振转换器，其中所述谐振转换器在电流的过零点或在电压的过零点被接通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的地面输送机械，其特征在于，所述谐振转换器被实施为串联谐振转换器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的地面输送机械，其特征在于，所述谐振转换器在次级侧具有电容器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的地面输送机械，其特征在于，所述电容器(16)与所述变压器串联。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的地面输送机械，其特征在于，所述谐振转换器具有初级侧的电感(17)。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的地面输送机械，其特征在于，所述谐振转换器中所设置的所有谐振扼流圈和/或谐振电容形成谐振电路，所述谐振电路被设置在次级侧。
CN2007100846636A 2006-03-01 2007-03-01 具有充电装置的地面输送机械 Expired - Fee Related CN101051758B (zh)

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JP5922651B2 (ja) * 2011-06-02 2016-05-24 株式会社アドバンテスト ワイヤレス受電装置、ワイヤレス給電装置
DE102016206945A1 (de) * 2016-04-25 2017-10-26 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Kombinierte Multilevel-Umrichter- und ACDC Leistungslade-Einheit
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EP1829732A2 (de) 2007-09-05
US20090080228A1 (en) 2009-03-26
DE102006009312A1 (de) 2007-09-06
EP1829732B1 (de) 2011-10-12
CN101051758A (zh) 2007-10-10
US7876072B2 (en) 2011-01-25
EP1829732A3 (de) 2008-07-02

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