CN1774836A - 发射表面波至单导体传输线的方法及装置 - Google Patents

发射表面波至单导体传输线的方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN1774836A
CN1774836A CNA200380108505XA CN200380108505A CN1774836A CN 1774836 A CN1774836 A CN 1774836A CN A200380108505X A CNA200380108505X A CN A200380108505XA CN 200380108505 A CN200380108505 A CN 200380108505A CN 1774836 A CN1774836 A CN 1774836A
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格伦·E·埃尔莫尔
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
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    • H01P3/10—Wire waveguides, i.e. with a single solid longitudinal conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
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Abstract

一种用于将表面波发射至单导体传输线(21)的装置(20)，提供一发射部分，其包括：张开的、连续弯曲圆锥部分(22)；同轴适配器部分(24)；用于连接导线导体(21)的导线适配器部分(26)，其考虑绝缘或非绝缘导线尺寸的多样性，或者三同轴导线适配设备，使得能够非接触式耦合到导线；及一纵向狭隙加入至上述张开的圆锥。

Description

发射表面波至单导体传输线的方法及装置
技术领域
本发明总的来说涉及表面波传输方法及装置，尤其涉及用于发射表面波至单导体传输线的改进方法及装置。
本发明提高了现有技术中用于将同轴模式传输转变成在单导体传输线上表面波模式传输或将单导体传输线上表面波模式传输转变成同轴模式传输的设备的操作性和应用性。该技术涉及由单导线制作而成的传输线，所述单导线具有一厚外部介电护层，一绝缘线，及通常所说的“Gobau线”，“G线”，SWTL(表面波传输线)，或“单导线”，该技术也涉及使用细绝缘导体制成的线，及没有外部护层的完全未绝缘导体。它包括由多个并列导线束构成的导体，它们绞合或者未绞合，并且彼此绝缘或者彼此相接触，还包括椭圆形或矩形横截面的单根实心导体。
背景技术
现有用于单导体传输线的发射设备已经应用了简单的圆锥形结构来将表面波模式激励至绝缘单导体传输线。除了具有由在介电绝缘中的损耗引起的过度的传输衰减外，这些设计还要忍受极度迫切的不适配，不必要的辐射模式转化，及当支持一宽频率范围时发生的表面波传输衰减，且为了激励表面波模至单导体需要较长的锥体和较宽的锥口。需要特殊的工作来将之前的设计设置于导体之上，需要破开传输线以至于发射器可以拧到(thread onto)导线上从而使之连接起来。特别是如果上述发射装置被安装于一预先存在的单导体线时，这对于这一设备的设计者及安装者而言都呈现出机械及电学方面的挑战和限制。
前述反应了本发明人所注意到的本领域当前状态。提及并论述该技术旨在帮助申请人履行提供与本发明权利要求审查相关的本领域公知技术信息的义务。然而，在前面所提出的部分无论是单独还是结合起来，都并未有任何揭示、教导、暗示、显示或者其他明显呈现本发明在此所说明及要求的内容。
发明内容
本分明提供将表面波发射至单导体传输线的方法及装置。所发明的装置提供表面波至绝缘或非绝缘单导体的发射部分，所述导体应用于多种现存导线，不仅实用而且更加简单经济。这增进了现有导线的应用，例如高压主线，用于UHF及微波能的表面波模式传输。先前已知的对于主题的参考及教导限制了绝缘导线的应用。
本发明包括张开的圆锥部分，其由-连续弯曲的“喇叭”或两个或更多具有接近弯曲结构的不同张角的直圆锥部分构成，与现有的单一圆锥部分设计相比，利用物理上较小的喇叭部分，提供改进的阻抗适配、改进的宽频带及多频带传输性能、改进的表面波模式转化。
本发明进一步包括适配于传统同轴传输电缆至同轴传输线模式的同轴适配器部分，所述同轴传输线存在于反射器圆锥或喇叭部分的窄端，并且能够同时作用于相隔一个以上倍频程的两个不同的频率范围。
本发明的第一实施例提供了一种连接导线导体的导线适配器设备，其考虑到绝缘或非绝缘导线尺寸的多样性。第二实施例提供一种使得能够非接触式耦合至导线的三同轴导线适配器设备。
本发明还提供了一结合在上述张开的圆锥、导线适配器及发射器的同轴适配器部分中的纵向狭隙，其允许简单、容易地将发射器放置到已有的导线上，不需要切割或拧紧那些用于安装的导线。所述狭隙的应用与发射器良好的电特性是不矛盾的。
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种新颖及改进的表面波发射设备。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种适于应用到绝缘及非绝缘单导体上的新颖及改进的表面波发射设备。
本发明更进一步的目的或特性是提供新颖及改进的具有提高的宽频带及多频带特性的张开的圆锥设备。
本发明更进一步的目的是提供一种新颖的同轴适配器，用于传统的同轴传输电缆。
本发明更进一步的目的是提供一种改进的导线适配器，用于连接导线导体。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于将表面波发射器放置到现有导线上的改进方法。
作为本发明特征的有关结构及操作方法的新颖特性，及其进一步的目的和优点通过下面的说明书及相应附图将更容易理解，其中本发明的优选实施方式通过举例说明。然而，应该清楚地理解，附图仅仅是为了举例及描述，并不意于作为限定本发明的定义。限定本发明的新颖性的多个特征在所附并构成本公开一部分的权利要求中被详细指出。本发明并不单一归于上述特点中的任何一个，而是在于指定功能的所有结构详细组合中。
为了更好地理解下面的详细说明，及更好地评价其对于本领域的贡献，已经宽泛地描述了本发明多数重要特性。当然，本发明还具有另外一些特点，其将在下文中给予说明，并且形成所附权利要求的其他主题。本领域的技术人员将认识到，本公开所基于的概念可以作为其他结构、方法和系统设计的基础，用于实现本发明的几个目的。因此，重要的是，权利要求被看作包括不脱离本发明的精髓及范围的同等结构。
更进一步，摘要的目的是使国家专利局及公众，特别是不熟悉专利或法律术语或措辞的本领域的科学家、工程师及实践者能够快速、粗略地对本申请所述的技术核心内容进行了解。摘要并不能定义申请的发明，而是由权利要求定义，也不能以任何方式对本发明范围进行限制。
为了便于进行有关说明，下文出现的某些术语及引伸语仅作参考，不是限制性的。例如，词语“上方”，“下方”，“左”和“右”是指相关附图中的方向。相似地，词语“内部”和“外部”也是用来分别指出一个设备或区域的几何中心及其中指定部分的方向和走向。在单数时态的参考也包括复数，反之亦然，除非另有说明。
附图说明
给出下面详细的说明，将会更好地理解本发明，且除了上述之外的其他目的将是明显的。该说明是参考下面的附图进行的，其中：
图1是现有技术表面波发射设备的示意图；
图2是本发明的改进的表面波发射设备第一实施例的侧视横截面图；
图3A是图2中表面波发射设备的端视图，而图3B是图3A中表面波发射设备的同轴适配器及导线适配器部分的放大端视图；
图4A是本发明安装于单导线导体上的导线适配器的端视图，而图4B是安装于单导线导体上的导线适配器顶视图，显示了单导线导体的锥形；
图5是本发明同轴适配器的替代双频带实施例的侧视横截面图；且
图6A是本发明表面波发射设备的替代实施例的张开的喇叭部分的透视图；图6B是图6A中张开的喇叭部分的横截面图，图6C是张开的喇叭部分外口的可选卷边的详细视图。
具体实施方式
附图1是现有技术表面波发射设备10的示意图。现有技术表面波发射设备10包括圆锥形发射部分12，同轴连接器14，两者均与被一外部介电护层18覆盖的导线导体16相连接。现有技术发射设备10的装配要求导线16被破开，以至该发射设备可以拧到上面。这就使得对所述设备的安装者而言，特别是所述发射设备安装于一预先存在的单导体导线上时，存在着机械及电气两方面的问题。
参考图2至图6C，其中相同的数字在不同的视图中代表同样的部件，在此，示出了本发明所述新的且改进的表面波发射设备。
图2是本发明用于发射表面波至单导体传输线21(有或没有外部介电覆盖层)的改进的设备20的第一实施例的侧视横截面图。表面波发射设备20包括一张开的喇叭或圆锥状部分22，一同轴适配器部分24，及一导线适配器部分26。
如果想要，整个发射设备可以由一片金属铸造或形成。然而，为了进行说明，为清楚起见，本发明所述装置结构将分为以下几个部分：(a)同轴适配器的结构；(b)张开的圆锥或“喇叭”部分的结构；(c)导线适配器的结构。此处所描述的结构是应用具有50欧姆特性阻抗的同轴连接，但是通过改变尺寸，其他的设计是可能的。类似地，本说明也给出了一发射装置，该装置可以同时在中心频率分别为2.44GHz和5.3GHz的两个US ISM频带上进行操作。如本领域所熟知，通过改变多频带扼流段(choke sections)的尺寸和张开的圆锥的开口端尺寸，其他选择也是可能的。
本发明所述改进的表面波发射装置的第一实施例在图2至4中示出，同轴适配器部分24结构由多频带扼流段30与短路端(shortingend)38(与非短路端39相对)及装配上的同轴连接40构成，多频带扼流段30包含-19欧姆段32，-50欧姆段34，和另-50欧姆延长段36。装配同轴连接器40，将其外部(接地)连接附着到外部套筒42，所述外部套筒42具有一个用于连接器插头44或内部导体通过的孔。上述插头延伸至套筒42的内部，并形成与导线适配器26的低阻抗电连接。张开的喇叭部分22、导线适配器26及同轴适配器24每个分别包含一纵向狭隙23、46和47，所述狭隙被提供用以装配至单导体导线而不使导线破开。较低阻抗的扼流段32，大约19欧姆，是通过增加在连接器插头44与短路端38之间距离的部分上的导线适配器的外部直径产生的。选择同轴套筒的内部直径及导线适配器的外部直径来提供所需的阻抗。
这里所示的导线适配器26同单导线导体在超过开口50的下游终点48形成电连接，在此点，有效地提供至导线的电气机械连接(electro-mechanical attachment)，所述开口50是张开的圆锥22的张开部分的最大尺寸。另一个导线适配器终点49优选地仅是一机械连接。
图4A和4B示出了安装于单导线导体21上的导线适配器26。此连接是提供在导线适配器与单导体导线之间跨发射设备的两个操作频带的低阻抗所需要的。对于导线适配器26而言，期望其尽量薄，只要机械上可行，因为这样它的尺寸减少了张开的圆锥部分开口处的阻抗。另外，在导线适配器26的终点48处存在阻抗不连续性，当导线适配器与导线之间的直径阶跃很小时，上述阻抗不连续性被最小化。逐渐缩减导线适配器的端部，如沿着锥形部分52，有助于使上述阻抗不连续性最小化。圆锥的长度优选地至少是最低工作频率波长的四分之一。
在导线适配器的终点48与导线21之间的直接电连接是通过金属连接实现的，如通过导线适配器驱动的“针状物(tack)”54，通过任何存在的电介质，并且进入导线导体。使用“TyWrap”型介电压缩带(compression band)可更进一步保护上述针状物。
在短路端38、外部套筒42的端56和导线适配器26之间也需要良好的电接触。铜、黄铜、铝都是这些同轴适配器部分元件构造的适当候选。为了达到最低损耗，铜或银应被电镀至当前的承载面(carryingsurface)或用于整个同轴适配器部分24及导线适配器部分26。
图5是本发明同轴适配器60的替代双频带实施例的侧视横截面图。该实施例使用三轴结构，提供套管/三同轴外部导体62、三同轴中间导体64，并使用单导体/三同轴中心线66作为组件的第三和中心导体。此方法允许耦合至并发射表面波模式至中心线，却仅需要单一的电气及机械连接至上述中心线，即，在位于端部的短路点68、短路块70。形成两个独立的同轴腔，一个在中间导线64与中心线66之间，第二个在外部导体62与中间导线64之间。中间导线64在开口端72处逐渐变细，在此在接头74处形成同轴电缆连接。耦接头76将适配器部分耦合至所述张开的喇叭部分的窄端78。两个同轴空腔与逐渐变细的线一起为可跨两个独立频带工作的中心线提供良好的耦合，而不需要任何在户外环境应用产生问题的物理连接。
对于两个实施例中的张开的圆锥部分的结构，圆锥或“喇叭”部分均可以由金属铸造或由绝缘材料制成，且在制造后金属化。至于同轴适配器部分，由于要求最低损耗，需要对当前的承载面电镀铜或银，或者直接将其用于张开的圆锥部分的整个内部。
当张开的圆锥部分由多个金属平板子部分制成以接近要求的指数锥度外形时，构造的优选方法是产生一精确呈现所要求的指数锥度的三维曲面。这个锥度是这样的，其使得由扩张开的圆锥外部导体和导线适配器内部导体形成的同轴线产生的阻抗的变化范围为，从同轴适配器延长段阻抗(50欧姆)至更高阻抗，所述更高阻抗是具有一内部尺寸与扩张式圆锥开口部分相同的外部导体和一尺寸与无线适配器相同的内部导体的同轴线的阻抗。
在图2和3中所述的第一实施例中，如图所示，张开的圆锥直径在两端界限之间指数地锥形渐缩。张开的圆锥22的张角72(图2)，是从同轴适配器部分24的非短路端39到开口中心测量所得，其优选地为40和60度之间。如上所述，在张开的圆锥22的开口50处的较高阻抗应尽可能的高，且优选地在200欧姆以上。这就指定了张开的圆锥开口50的最小直径。
在图6所示的第二实施例中，张开的圆锥100的中间段的直径基本呈指数锥形变化，而端部(窄端102和开口104)锥度的变化降为零。这种安排能够提高发射设备的宽频带特性。为了获得特定的尺寸，从匹配变换器的宽频带同轴线的透视图考虑整个圆锥是有用的。如同图2和图3中的第一实施例，在张开的圆锥100的开口104处的较高阻抗应该尽可能高，并且优选地在200欧姆以上。图6B示出了该第二实施例的尺寸。与第一实施例的张开的圆锥类似，圆锥100包括纵向狭隙106，以允许直接装配到导线上。
如图6中所详细示出的，张开的喇叭部分外部开口104的边缘108可以平滑地卷起而不是简单地终止。这对于减小表面波至辐射模式的转换和提高表面波模式的传输特性是有利的。
导线适配器与短路端的结构对于两个实施例也是不同的。在图2和3中所示的第一实施例中，导线适配器26用于允许将多种导线形状与尺寸应用于发射设备。为了无论应用何种类型的导线都产生50欧姆的同轴传输线部分，导线适配器26用于“建立(build up)”任何被应用导线的尺寸。它还作为一种用以产生与导线的低阻抗连接的装置，且用于提供机械装配和发射设备的坚固性。尽管未在此描述，但应该注意的是，通过应用开放的四分之一波长扼流段而不需实际连接导线来产生低阻抗UHF或与导线的微波连接是可能的，所述扼流段在导线适配器与导线导体之间使用导线电介质或其他的电介质。
对于适合圆导线的情况，导线适配器26可具有圆形内部形状，除了纵向狭隙46外，在其内部铺设圆形单导线(见图3B和4A)。对于这种情况，导线适配器26可以通过使用带锯纵向切割铜管构造而成。短路端38可由铜圆板制成，比外部套筒42的外部直径略大，且提供一与导线适配器外部直径相同直径的孔(参见图2和3B)。
在第二实施例中(图5)，不需要物理连接，因此，仅通过在端部(短路块68)简单地提供不同的孔直径来适应多导线直径是可能的。双轴空腔结构的电子设计容许导线尺寸有相当大的变化，而在性能上没有大量损失。对于完全不同的中心线直径，修改同轴空腔及张开的喇叭部分的尺寸是必要的。
发射设备的装配在两个实施例中也是不同的。对于第一实施例(图2至4)，在导线适配器26中提供同轴连接器插头44直径大小的孔，同轴连接器40首先被焊接至外部套筒42，然后当导线适配器26安装至适当的位置时，中心插头被放至孔中并焊接。之后这个装配组合体与19欧姆段32及短路端38焊接在一起，完成了同轴适配器部分24。然后将张开的圆锥22焊接至同轴部分的非短路端39。
根据需要，可以通过用低损耗、低介电常数的材料填充张开的圆锥22和同轴适配器24来提高机械强度与密封性。然而，如果这样，要达到想要的阻抗，则尺寸必须修改。
对于发射设备的第一实施例，如图2至4所示，尺寸及材料如下：
张开的喇叭部分长度                    3.5英寸
张开的喇叭部分开口直径                3.5英寸
外部套筒内直径                        .60英寸
导线适配器外部直径                    .26英寸
导线适配器长度                        8.0英寸
单导线直径                            .23英寸
19欧姆段直径                          .44英寸
19欧姆段长度                          .91英寸
50欧姆段直径                          .26英寸
50欧姆段长度                          .61英寸
50欧姆延长长度                        1.4英寸
同轴连接器                            SMA型或N型
除了连接器外，所有材料均为铜。
对于发射设备的第二实施例，如图5和6所示，尺寸及材料如下：
张开的喇叭部分长度                    3.5英寸
张开的喇叭部分开口直径                7英寸
耦接头                                1”US管型系列(Schedule)
                                      L铜耦接头
套管                                  1”至1/2”US管型系列
                                      L铜套管
三同轴中间导体                        1”至1/2”US管型系列
                                      L铜管
端部，短路块                          铝
中心线直径                            .25至.32英寸
同轴连接器                            SMA型或N型
尺寸A                                 1.78英寸
尺寸B                                 1.40英寸
尺寸C                                 .85英寸
尺寸D                                 .75英寸
完成的表面波发射设备可以如下安装到现有的导线导体。对于第一实施例，如图2至4中所示，导线适配器连接装置(金属连接针状物54)首先安装以建立良好的电气连接及机械强度。介电压缩带(如“TyWrap”)用于进一步固定导线适配器至导线。介电填充物或覆盖物放入张开的喇叭部分以适应环境需要。对于第二实施例，如附图5所示，端部、短路块68被穿孔以适合导线安装，且以夹层结构或贝壳形状安装在导线周围。
安装了设备之后，单导线传输线可用于如适合同轴连接器的其他类型传输线支持的整个频率或频带范围。发射机、接收机、滤波器和频率选择设备可以从外部添加到设备上，且连接至同轴连接器以和要求的应用相配，尽管图中显示的是同轴电缆连接器，该连接器也可以直接连接至电子电路，所述电子电路紧邻本发明发射设备的同轴部分，这样发射设备就成为了集成通信装置的一部分。
因此，本发明定性为用于发射表面波至单导体传输线的发射装置，该发射装置包括：张开的圆锥部分；同轴适配器部分，其与张开的圆锥部分相连；导线适配器部分，用以将同轴适配器部分耦合至导线；以及在张开的圆锥部分、同轴适配器部分及导线适配器部分中的纵向狭隙，用来直接将发射装置放至用于安装的导线上。
另一方面，本发明定性为用于发射表面波至单导体传输线的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：提供具有张开的圆锥部分的发射装置，与上述发射装置相连的同轴适配器部分，用以将同轴适配器部分耦合至导线的导线适配器部分；提供张开的圆锥部分、同轴适配器部分及导线适配器部分的纵向嫌隙；以及将发射装置放置到用于安装的导线上。
上述公开足以让本领域的技术人员实施本发明，且提供了发明人目前所想到的最佳实现模式。尽管在此提供了本发明优选实施例的全面完整的公开，但不希望将本发明限制到所述和所示出的精确结构、尺寸关系及操作。不同的修改、替代构造、改变和等价物对于本领域技术人员而言是很容易实现的，适当的，不脱离本发明的实质及范围。这样的改变可包括替代材料、元件、结构安排、尺寸、形状、功能、操作特点或类似的方面。
因此，上面的说明和描述不作为对本发明范围的限制，本发明范围由所附的权利要求定义。

Claims (29)

1.一种用于将表面波发射至单导体传输线的发射装置，所述发射装置包括：
张开的圆锥部分；
同轴适配器部分，其与所述张开的圆锥部分相连接；
导线适配器部分，用于将所述同轴适配器部分耦合至导线；及
在所述张开的圆锥部分、同轴适配器部分和导线适配器部分中的纵向狭隙，以便能够将所述发射装置直接放置在用于安装的导线之上。
2.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述张开的圆锥部分包括连续弯曲的喇叭。
3.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述张开的圆锥部分包括三维曲面。
4.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述张开的圆锥部分包括一对端部，在所述一对端部之间，所述张开的圆锥部分是指数锥形渐缩的。
5.如权利要求4所述的发射装置，其中，在接近所述一对端部之处的锥度降为零。
6.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述张开的圆锥部分具有40度至60度之间的张角。
7.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述同轴适配器部分包括多频带扼流段。
8.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述同轴适配器部分包括安装的同轴连接器，所述同轴连接器具有插头，以形成与所述导线适配器部分的低阻抗电连接。
9.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述同轴适配器部分包括三同轴结构，所述三同轴结构提供外部导体、中间导体及中心导体。
10.如权利要求9所述的发射装置，其中，所述同轴适配器部分中心导体包括传输线。
11.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述同轴适配器部分包括至所述传输线的单一电气及机械连接。
12.如权利要求11所述的发射装置，其中，所述单一电气及机械连接包括短路块。
13.如权利要求12所述的发射装置，其中，所述短路块包括大小适于传输线的孔径，且安装在所述传输线周围。
14.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述同轴适配器部分包括两个独立的同轴空腔。
15.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述导线适配器部分包括锥形部分，以使得传输线不连续性最小化。
16.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述导线适配器部分包括与传输线的金属连接。
17.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述张开的圆锥部分由金属构成。
18.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述同轴适配器部分由金属构成。
19.如权利要求1所述的发射装置，其中，所述导线适配器部分由金属构成。
20.一种用于将表面波发射至单导体传输线的方法，所述发射方法包括以下步骤：
提供发射装置，所述发射装置具有：张开的圆锥部分；同轴适配器部分，其与所述张开的圆锥部分相连接；导线适配器部分，用于将所述同轴适配器部分耦合至导线；
提供位于所述张开的圆锥部分、同轴适配器部分和导线适配器部分的纵向狭隙；以及
将所述发射装置放置在用于安装的导线之上。
21.如权利要求20所述用于将表面波发射至单导体传输线的方法，进一步包括步骤：提供至传输线的电子及机械连接。
22.如权利要求21所述用于将表面波发射至单导体传输线的方法，其中，所述提供至传输线的电子及机械连接的步骤包括提供与导线的金属连接。
23.如权利要求21所述用于将表面波发射至单导体传输线的方法，其中，所述提供至传输线的电子及机械连接的步骤包括在所述导线周围提供短路块。
24.如权利要求20所述用于将表面波发射至单导体传输线的方法，其中，所述提供发射装置的步骤包括：使导线适配器锥形渐缩，以减小阻抗及使得导线不连续性最小化。
25.如权利要求20所述用于将表面波发射至单导体传输线的方法，其中，所述提供发射装置的步骤包括提供具有三同轴结构的同轴适配器的步骤。
26.如权利要求25所述用于将表面波发射至单导体传输线的方法，其中，所述提供具有三同轴结构的同轴适配器的步骤包括形成两个独立的同轴空腔。
27.如权利要求26所述用于将表面波发射至单导体传输线的方法，其中，所述提供具有三同轴结构的同轴适配器的步骤包括使所述适配器锥形减缩，形成与导线的连接。
28.如权利要求20所述用于将表面波发射至单导体传输线的方法，其中，所述提供张开的圆锥的步骤包括用金属构造圆锥。
29.如权利要求20所述用于将表面波发射至单导体传输线的方法，其中，所述提供张开的圆锥的步骤包括由金属化非导体材料构造圆锥。
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