CN1757233A - 利用4电平残留边带健壮数据发送和接收对偶流的数字电视发送器和接收器 - Google Patents

利用4电平残留边带健壮数据发送和接收对偶流的数字电视发送器和接收器 Download PDF

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CN1757233A
CN1757233A CNA2003801100806A CN200380110080A CN1757233A CN 1757233 A CN1757233 A CN 1757233A CN A2003801100806 A CNA2003801100806 A CN A2003801100806A CN 200380110080 A CN200380110080 A CN 200380110080A CN 1757233 A CN1757233 A CN 1757233A
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data
signal
robust
robust data
level
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CN100466716C (zh
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金晟勋
池今难
金丞源
安致得
沈勇勋
金大镇
吴荣浩
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Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI
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Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI
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Abstract

本发明涉及遵从美国高级电视系统委员会(ATSC)的数字电视(DTV)标准(A/53)的残留边带(VSB)数字电视及其方法。更具体地说，本发明提供了与正常和健壮数据的混合比无关，无需提高平均功率，通过发送和接收由正常数据和健壮数据形成的对偶流就可以改善接收器的接收性能的4－VSBDTV收发器。本发明的4－VSB DTV收发器包括编码健壮数据的编码单元，将健壮数据映射到具有四个电平的两个组{－5，－3，1，7}和{－7，－1，3，5}之一。

Description

利用4电平残留边带健壮数据发送和接收 对偶流的数字电视发送器和接收器
技术领域
本发明涉及遵从美国高级电视系统委员会(ATSC)的数字电视(DTV)标准(A/53)的残留边带(VSB)数字电视收发器及其方法；更具体地说，本发明涉及利用特定4电平VSB(4-VSB)健壮数据(robust data)的对偶流DTV收发器及其方法。
背景技术
通过地面广播信道传输高清晰度(HDTV)数据的美国高级电视系统委员会(ATSC)标准，利用通过将已经经过格状编码和时间多路复用的12个独立数据流调制成10.76MHz频率的8-VSB码元流{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}获得的信号。信号被转换成与标准甚高频(VHF)或超高频(UHF)地面电视信道相对应的、6-MHz频带的信号。信道的信号以19.39Mbps的数据速率广播。有关ATSC DTV标准和A/53的更多细节可从网站http：//www.atsc.org/获得。
图1是例示典型数字电视(DTV)发送器的方块图。典型DTV发送器包括数据随机化器101、里德-索洛蒙(RS)编码器103、数据交织器105、格状编码器107、多路复用器(MUX)109、导频加法器111、残留边带(VSB)调制器113和射频(RF)转换器115。
输入到发送器100的数据是每一个由188-字节运动图像专家组(MPEG)-兼容数据分组构成的串行数据流，188-字节数据分组包括一个同步字节和187个有效负载数据的字节。
输入数据在数据随机化器101中被随机化。每个分组在RS编码器103中被编码成包括用于正向纠错(FEC)的20-字节奇偶校验信息。FEC包括RS编码、1/6数据场(field)交织和2/3格状编码。根据ATSC标准，数据随机化器101对输入其中的每一个含有16个字节的最大长度的伪随机二进制序列(PRBS)中和在数据场开始点被初始化的所有有效负载数据字节进行XOR(异或)。
RS编码器103接收从数据随机化器101输出的随机化数据。它通过将用于FEC的20个RS奇偶校验字节加入187-字节数据中，为每个数据段生成要发送的总数为207个字节的数据。对输入分组数据当中与段同步信号相对应的同步字节不进行随机化和FEC处理。
随后，在数据交织器105中交织包括在每个数据场的相继段中的数据分组，以获得交织数据分组。在格状编码器107中再次交织，然后编码交织数据分组。
格状编码器107利用2个位的输入生成每一个用3个位表达的数据码元流。2-位输入当中的一个位被预编码，和另一个位被4态格状编码，从而输出2个位。从格状编码器107输出的3个位被映射到8-电平码元。传统格状编码器107包括12个并行格状编码器和预编码器，以生成12个交织和/或编码数据序列。
8-电平码元在多路复用器109中与从同步单元(未示出)发送的段同步和场同步位序列117组合在一起之后，变成用于发送的数据帧。然后，将导频信号加入导频加法器111中。
8-电平数据码元流在VSB调制器113中经受VSB抑制载波调制，从而获得基带8-VSB码元流。基带8-VSB码元流在RF转换器115中被转换成RF信号，然后发送出去。
图2是示出典型DTV接收器的方块图。DTV接收器包括调谐器201、中频(IF)滤波器和检测器203、美国国家电视系统委员会(NTSC)带阻滤波器205、均衡器和相位跟踪器207、格状解码器209、数据去交织器211、RS解码器213、数据去随机化器217和同步和定时恢复方块215。
从DTV发送器100发送的RF信号通过DTV接收器200的调谐器210选择的信道广播。然后，在IF滤波器和检测器203中将RF信号滤波成IF信号和检测出同步频率。在同步和定时恢复单元215中，检测同步信号和恢复时钟信号。
随后，NTSC带阻滤波器205通过梳状滤波器从信号当中除去NTSC干扰信号，而均衡器和相位跟踪器250进行均衡和相位跟踪。多路干扰得到消除的数据码元被编码和在格状解码器209中经受格状解码。
在数据去交织器211中去交织解码数据码元。去交织数据码元在RS编码器213中经受RS解码和在数据去随机化器217中经受去随机化。于是，从DTV发送器100发送的MPEG兼容数据分组得到恢复。
图3是描绘在图1的发送器和图2的接收器之间交换的发送数据帧的图形。如图所示，发送数据帧包括两个数据场，和每个数据场由313个数据段形成。
每个数据场的第1数据段是作为同步信号的数据场同步信号，它包括用在DTV接收器200中的、用于训练的数据序列。其它312个数据段中的每一个包括用于188-字节传输分组的FEC的20-字节数据。每个数据段中的数据由包括在少数发送分组中用于数据交织的数据形成。简而言之，每个数据段的数据可以对应于少数发送分组数据。
每个数据段由832个码元形成。前4个码元是二进制的，它们提供数据段同步。数据段同步信号对应于一个同步字节，该同步字节是构成MPEG兼容数据分组的188个字节的第1个字节。
其它828个码元对应于MPEG兼容数据分组的其它187个字节和用于FEC的20个字节。828个码元以8-电平信号的形式发送。每个码元用3个位表达。因此，对于每个数据段，发送总共2484个位(2484个位＝828个码元×3个位)的数据。
但是，在现有技术中，由于可变信道和/或多路效应，在室内或移动信道环境中，传统8-VSB收发器的发送信号会失真，导致DTV接收器的接收性能变差。
简而言之，发送数据受诸如多路效应、频率偏移和相位抖动之类的各种信道失真因素的影响。为了补偿由于信道失真因素带来的这种信号失真，每隔24.2毫秒(ms)发送一次下文称为训练数据序列的、用于训练的数据序列。
但是，在发送训练数据序列时，多路特性可能发生变化或可以产生多普勒效应，即使在24.2ms的时间间隔之间也会使接收信号失真。更糟的是，接收器的均衡器不提供足以补偿接收信号失真的迅速收敛速度。因此，接收器几乎不能精确地进行均衡。由于这个原因，8-VSB型收发器显示出比模拟收发器低的DTV广播接收性能。此外，它一点也不能在移动环境下接收信号。即使它接收到信号，也存在满足视觉阈(TOV)的信噪比(SNR)提高的问题。
为了解决上面的问题，在国际公布第WO 02/080559号和第WO02/100026号和美国专利公布第US2002/0194570中公开了另一种现有技术，其中，以4-电平码元{-7，-5，5，7}或{-7，-3，3，7}的形式发送健壮数据。
该现有技术限制了用健壮数据映射的码元，因此，存在与利用8-VSB收发器的传统技术相比，表达健壮数据的码元的平均功率升高的问题。在传统8-VSB收发器中，健壮数据的平均功率是21能量单位/码元。
也就是说，在以4-电平码元{-7，-5，5，7}当中的一个的形式发送健壮数据的情况下，码元平均功率是37能量单位/码元。如果在以4-电平码元{-7，-3，3，7}当中的一个的形式发送健壮数据，码元平均功率是29能量单位/码元。这表明，与利用8-VSB收发器的传统技术相比，表达健壮数据的码元的平均功率升高了。
表达健壮数据的码元的平均功率的升高导致总平均功率升高。如果像通常情况那样，利用有限功率输出发送信号，正常数据的发送功率与传统8-VSB技术相比，相对降低了。因此，存在在相同信道环境下，接收性能比传统8-VSB技术差的问题。
随着与正常数据混合的健壮数据的比例增加，这个问题变得更加严重。结果是，即使在良好信道环境下，接收性能也变差了。并且，可能不向8-VSB接收器提供向后兼容性。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种利用降低信噪比(SNR)的特定4-残留边带(VSB)健壮数据的对偶流数字电视(DTV)收发器及其方法，该收发器可以改善DTV接收器中的均衡器和格状解码器的解码性能，并改善正常数据以及健壮数据的接收性能，以满足视觉阈(TOV)。同样，可以通过发送和接收每一个都由执行附加的正向纠错(FEC)的8-VSB型正常数据和4-VSB型健壮数据构成的对偶流来改善收发器，而且不增加平均功率，也不管健壮数据与正常数据的混合比率是多少。
本领域的普通技术人员可以从本说明书的附图、详细描述和权利要求书中了解到本发明的其它的目的和优点。
按照本发明的一个方面，提供了发送数字信号的系统，它包括：输入单元，用于接收数字视频数据流；编码单元，用于编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一，从而生成编码信号；和残留边带(VSB)发送单元，用于对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了发送数字信号的系统，它包括：输入单元，用于接收数字视频数据流；第一编码单元，用于编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，其中，健壮数据被映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一；第二编码单元，用于编码健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到具有四个电平的另一个组；选择单元，用于使第一编码单元和第二编码单元之一接收健壮数据；和VSB发送单元，用于对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了发送/接收数字信号的系统，它包括：发送数字信号的发送设备；和接收数字信号的接收设备，其中，发送设备包括：输入单元，用于接收数字视频数据流；编码单元，用于编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一，从而生成编码信号；和VSB发送单元，用于对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号，而接收设备包括：接收器，用于接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；均衡器，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，判定健壮数据的电平，从而生成均衡信号；格状解码单元，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，对均衡信号进行格状解码，从而生成格状解码信号；和解码单元，用于解码格状解码信号以恢复数字视频数据流。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了发送/接收数字信号的系统，它包括：发送数字信号的发送设备；和接收数字信号的接收设备，其中，发送设备包括：输入单元，用于接收数字视频数据流；第一编码单元，用于编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，其中，健壮数据被映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一；第二编码单元，用于编码健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到具有四个电平的另一个组；选择单元，用于使第一编码单元和第二编码单元之一接收健壮数据；和VSB发送单元，用于对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号，而接收设备包括：接收器，用于接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；均衡器，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，判定健壮数据的电平，从而生成均衡信号；格状解码单元，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，对均衡信号进行格状解码，从而生成格状解码信号；和解码单元，用于解码格状解码信号以恢复数字视频数据流。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了接收数字信号的系统，它包括：接收器，用于接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；均衡器，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，判定映射到两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一的健壮数据的电平，从而生成均衡信号；格状解码单元，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，对均衡信号进行格状解码，从而生成格状解码信号；和解码单元，用于解码格状解码信号以恢复数字视频数据流。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了接收数字信号的系统，它包括：接收器，用于接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；均衡器，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，判定映射到包括每一个具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}的组的健壮数据的电平，从而生成均衡信号；格状解码单元，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，对均衡信号进行格状解码，从而生成格状解码信号；和解码单元，用于解码格状解码信号以恢复数字视频数据流。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了发送数字信号的方法，它包括如下步骤：a)接收数字视频数据流；b)编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一，从而生成编码信号；和c)对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了发送/接收数字信号的方法，它包括如下步骤：发送数字信号；和接收数字信号，其中，发送数字信号的步骤包括如下步骤：a)接收数字视频数据流；b)编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一，从而生成编码信号；和c)对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了发送/接收数字信号的方法，它包括如下步骤：发送数字信号；和接收数字信号，其中，发送数字信号的步骤包括如下步骤：a)接收数字视频数据流；b)编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一，从而生成编码信号；和c)对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号，而接收数字信号的步骤包括如下步骤：d)接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；e)根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，判定健壮数据的电平，从而生成均衡信号；f)根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，对均衡信号进行格状解码，从而生成格状解码信号；和g)解码格状解码信号以恢复数字视频数据流。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了发送/接收数字信号的方法，它包括如下步骤：发送数字信号；和接收数字信号，其中，发送数字信号的步骤包括如下步骤：a)接收数字视频数据流；b)编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一，从而生成编码信号；c)编码健壮数据，以便健壮数据被映射到除了两个组之外的具有四个电平的一个组；d)选择步骤b)和c)的任何一个以编码健壮数据；和e)对在步骤b)和c)中编码的信号进行VSB调制，而接收数字信号的步骤包括如下步骤：f)接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；g)根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，判定健壮数据的电平；h)根据具有四个电平{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}的两个组和除了两个组之外的其它4-电平组当中，在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的一个组，对作为步骤g)的所得信号的健壮数据进行格状解码，从而生成格状解码信号；和i)通过解码格状解码信号输出数字视频数据流。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了发送/接收数字信号的方法，它包括如下步骤：发送数字信号；和接收数字信号，其中，接收数字信号的步骤包括如下步骤：a)接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；b)当映射到具有四个电平的两个组之一的健壮数据包括在数字视频数据中时，根据具有四个电平{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}的两个组当中，用于用在VSB发送系统中的一个组的组，判定健壮数据的电平；c)根据两个组当中，用于用在VSB发送系统中的一个组的组，对步骤b)所得的健壮数据进行格状解码；和d)解码步骤c)的所得信号和输出数字图像数据流。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了发送/接收数字信号的方法，它包括如下步骤：发送数字信号；和接收数字信号，其中，接收数字信号的步骤包括如下步骤：a)接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；b)当映射到具有四个电平的两个组之一的健壮数据包括在数字视频数据中时，根据具有四个电平{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}的两个组和除了两个组之外的其它具有四个电平的组当中，用于用在VSB发送系统中的一个组的组，判定健壮数据的电平；c)根据两个组当中，用于用在VSB发送系统中的一个组的组，对步骤b)所得的健壮数据进行格状解码；和d)解码步骤c)的所得信号和输出数字图像数据流。
附图说明
通过结合附图给出优选实施例的如下描述，本发明的上面和其它目的和优点将更加清楚，在附图中：
图1是例示典型数字电视(DTV)发送器的方块图；
图2是例示典型DTV接收器的方块图；
图3是描绘在图1的发送器和图2的接收器之间交换的发送数据帧的图形；
图4是描述按照本发明的一个实施例的DTV发送器的方块图；
图5是例示图4中的健壮交织器/分组格式化器的方块图；
图6是描述图5中的健壮数据交织器的图形；
图7是描绘图4中的强化编码器的结构的图形；
图8是示出图4中的强化编码器和格状编码器以便按照本发明的实施例描述以8-电平码元的形式输出正常数据和以4-电平码元的形式输出健壮数据的过程的图形；
图9是例示按照本发明的实施例将健壮数据编码成2-位(X1，X2)正常/健壮数据码元，以便图4的格状编码器可以输出{-5，-3，1，7}的4-电平信号的强化编码器的方块图；
图10是描述按照本发明的实施例将健壮数据编码成2-位(X1，X2)正常/健壮数据码元，以便图4的格状编码器可以输出{-7，-1，3，5}的4-电平信号的强化编码器的方块图；
图11是描述按照本发明的实施例将健壮数据编码成2-位(X1，X2)正常/健壮数据码元，以便图4的格状编码器可以有选择地输出{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}的4-电平信号的强化编码器的方块图；
图12是示出图4中的强化编码器和格状编码器以便按照本发明的另一个实施例描述以8-电平码元的形式输出正常数据和以4-电平码元的形式输出健壮数据的过程的图形；
图13是描述按照本发明的另一个实施例将数据编码成2-位(X1，X2)正常/健壮数据码元，以便图4的格状编码器可以针对健壮数据输出{-5，-3，1，7}的4-电平信号的强化编码器的方块图；
图14是描述按照本发明的实施例将数据编码成2-位(X1，X2)正常/健壮数据码元，以便图4的格状编码器可以针对健壮数据输出{-7，-1，3，5}的4-电平信号的强化编码器的方块图；
图15是描述按照本发明的实施例将数据编码成2-位(X1，X2)正常/健壮数据码元，以便图4的格状编码器可以针对健壮数据有选择地输出{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}的4-电平信号的强化编码器的方块图；
图16是示出按照本发明的一个例子的Z0估计值(D3)和电平选择信号的图形；
图17是描述图4中的健壮数据处理器的细节的方块图；
图18是例示按照本发明的图4的发送器400发送的场同步段的图形；
图19是示出按照本发明的一个实施例的DTV接收器的方块图；
图20是例示图19中的控制单元的细节的方块图；
图21是描述图19中的分组格式化器/健壮去交织器的方块图；
图22是图21中的健壮数据去交织器；
图23是示出典型8-电平的状态图；
图24是描绘按照本发明的一个实施例的{-7，-1，3，5}的4-电平的状态图；和
图25是示出在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道环境下，满足遵从美国高级电视系统委员会(ATSC)A/53标准的8-残留边带(VSB)接收器的视觉阈(TOV)的信噪比(SNR)的直方图。
具体实施方式
按照本发明，以8-残留边带(VSB)的形式发送和接收正常数据，并以特定4-VSB码元{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}的形式发送和接收健壮数据。在数据场的212个数据段当中，如果将特定4-VSB健壮数据{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}取代正常数据分组发送到一些段中，则用于针对发送的4-VSB健壮数据更新均衡器的抽头系数和用于格状解码的、错误信号计算的精度就会提高。因此，4-VSB健壮数据的信噪比(SNR)会降低，而8-VSB正常数据的接收性能会改善。
如下的描述只举例说明本发明的原理。即使在本说明书中清楚地描述或例示它们，本领域的普通技术人员也可以具体化本发明的原理和在本发明的概念和范围之内发明各种设备。
出现在本说明书中的条件术语和实施例的使用只打算使本发明的概念得到理解，它们不限制在说明书中提及的实施例和条件。
另外，对本发明的原理、观点和实施例和特定实施例的所有详细描述应该被理解为包括它们的结构和功能等效物。这些等效物不仅包括当前已知的等效物，而且包括将来开发的那些，即，与它们的结构无关，发明出来完成相同功能的所有设备。
例如，本发明的方块图应该被理解为示出具体化本发明原理的示范性电路的概念性观点。类似地，在计算机可读媒体中可以充分表达所有流程图、状态转换图和伪码等，并且，无论是否有区别地描述计算机或处理器，它们都应该被理解为表达由计算机或处理器操作的各种过程。
例示在包括表达成处理器或类似概念的功能块的图中的各种设备的功能不仅可以利用专用于这些功能的硬件来提供，而且可以利用为这些功能运行适当软件的硬件来提供。当一种功能由处理器提供时，该功能可以由单个专用处理器、单个共享处理器或部分可以共享的多个单独处理器提供。
术语“处理器”、“控制”或类似概念的显式使用不应该被理解为唯一地指能够运行软件的一个硬件，而是应该被理解为隐含地包括数字信号处理器(DSP)、硬件和用于存储软件的ROM(只读存储器)、RAM(随机访问存储器)和非易失性存储器。其它已知和通用硬件也可以包括在其中。
类似地，在图中描述的开关可以只概念性地给出。开关的功能应该被理解为人工地、通过控制程序逻辑块或专用逻辑块或通过专用逻辑块的相互作用完成。为了更深刻地理解本说明书，设计者可以选择特定技术。
在本说明书的权利要求书中，表达成完成在详细描述中所述的功能的装置的单元旨在包括完成包括诸如完成预定功能的电路的组合和固件/微代码等的所有软件格式的功能的所有方法。
为了完成预定功能，使该单元与执行软件的适当电路协作。由权利要求书定义的本发明包括完成特定功能的各种不同装置，和在权利要求书中要求的方法中这些装置相互连接。因此，可以提供功能的任何装置应该被理解为是从本说明书中领会到的那个的等效物。
本发明的其它目的和方面可以从下文阐述的、参照附图的实施例的如下描述中明显看出。将相同的标号给予相同的单元，尽管这些单元出现在不同的附图中。另外，如果确定对相关现有技术的进一步详细描述会使本发明的重点不突出，省略这种描述。在下文中，将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的优选实施例。
图4是描述按照本发明一个实施例的DTV发送器的方块图。参照该图，发送器400包括第一多路复用器401、数据随机化器403、里德-索洛蒙(RS)编码器405、健壮交织器/分组格式化器407、数据交织器409、强化编码器411、健壮数据处理器413、格状编码器415、第二多路复用器417和导频加法器/调制器/射频(RF)转换器419。
按照本发明，正常数据被映射到用8个电平，例如，{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}表达的组，而健壮数据被映射到用四个电平，例如，{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}表达的两个组。
这种技术可以与其本身技术概念保持不变，但将健壮数据映射到也用像{-7，-5，5，7}或{-7，-3，3，7}那样的四个电平表达的另一个组的组的技术结合。在那种情况下，需要包括在编码健壮数据以便将健壮数据映射到在本发明中给出的映射组{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}的信号路径，与编码健壮数据以便将健壮数据映射到另一个映射组，例如，{-7，-5，5，7}或{-7，-3，3，7}的信号路径之间选择一条信号路径的选择装置。根据选择哪一条信号路径，健壮数据可以被映射到用四个电平{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}表达的两个组，或四个电平{-7，-5，5，7}或{-7，-3，3，7}的另一个组之间的任何一个。
例示在图4中的单元，即，数据随机化器403、RS编码器405、数据交织器409、格状编码器415、第二多路复用器417和导频加法器/调制器/射频(RF)转换器419与传统的那些，即，数据随机化器101、RS编码器103、数据交织器105、格状编码器107、多路复用器109和导频加法器111、VSB调制器113和RF转换器115相同。
第一多路复用器401根据健壮数据标志信号425的控制，多路复用转换成8-电平码元的正常数据分组421和转换成像{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}那样的4-电平码元的健壮数据分组423。
正常数据分组421和健壮数据分组423是由188-字节MPEG兼容数据分组形成的串行数据流。除了健壮数据分组423包括信息分组和空分组之外，数据分组421和423两者具有相同的特性。
空分组由具有像“0”那样的空分组首标的任意数据形成。加入它们是为了保证分组空间按照健壮数据的编码速率扩充。这里主要采用健壮数据的编码速率是1/2的例子对本发明加以描述。但是，这并不意味着本发明局限于1/2的编码速率。
在外部设备(未示出)中，根据一个场内健壮数据与正常数据的比例(NRP，参照公式1)和健壮数据的编码速率，例如，1/2或1/4，生成健壮数据标志信号425。包括第一多路复用器401的发送器400的其它单元利用健壮数据标志信号425检验当前处理的数据是否是健壮数据分组。
第一多路复用器401根据每个场健壮数据分组的个数，多路复用正常数据分组421、健壮数据分组423和健壮数据标志信号425。按照本发明的一个实施例，健壮数据分组的位置可以根据它们像公式1那样的号码来定义。
0≤NRP/2≤39：
{s|s＝4i，i＝0，1，...，NRP-1}，(0≤s≤156)
40≤NRP/2≤78：
{s|s＝4i，i＝0，1，...，77}U{s|s＝4i+2，i＝0，1，...，NRP-79}
79≤NRP/2≤117：
{s|s＝4i，i＝0，1，...，77}U{s|s＝4i+2，i＝0，1，...，77}U{s|s＝4i+1，i＝0，1，...，NRP-157}
118≤NRP/2≤156：
{s|s＝4i，i＝0，1，...，77}U{s|s＝4i+2，i＝0，1，...，77}U{s|s＝4i+1，i＝0，1，...，77}U{s|s＝4i，i＝0，1，...，NRP-235}               公式1
其中，NRP代表在每个数据场内健壮数据分组占据的健壮段的个数。换句话说，NRP是一个帧内健壮数据分组的个数。如上所述，它是包括所有信息分组和空分组的个数的值。值NRP是0-311范围中的数字。
按照本发明的另一个实施例，健壮数据分组的位置可以像公式2那样确定：
RPI＝312/NRP
RPP＝floor(RPI×r)                              公式2
其中，RPI代表健壮数据分组间隔和RPP代表健壮数据分组，而floor(*)表示舍弃小数点后的数字的小数截断计算。这里，r是0到NRP之间的整数。
根据公式2，当NRP是162和健壮数据编码速率是1/2时，像表1那样确定数据段内正常数据和健壮数据的位置。
表1
  分组号   分组类型
  0   健壮
  1   健壮(空)
  2   正常
  3   健壮
  4   正常
  5   健壮(空)
  6   正常
  7   健壮
  8   正常
  9   健壮(空)
  10   正常
  11   健壮
  12   正常
  13   健壮(空)
  14   正常
  15   健壮
  ……   ……
  297   正常
  298   健壮
  299   正常
  300   健壮(空)
  301   正常
  302   健壮
  303   正常
  304   健壮(空)
  305   正常
  306   健壮
  307   正常
  308   健壮(空)
  309   正常
  310   健壮(空)
  311   正常
在第一多路复用器401中根据分组多路复用的正常数据分组421和健壮数据分组423在数据随机化器403中被随机化。每个分组在RS编码器405中被编码成包括用于FEC的20-字节奇偶校验信息。在RS编码器405中，通过将用于FEC的20个RS奇偶校验字节加入187-字节数据中，为每个段生成总共207字节的数据。健壮数据标志信号不经过随机化和RS编码。如果进行RS编码和将20个RS奇偶校验字节加入健壮数据中，将健壮数据标志表达成与加入RS奇偶校验字节有关。
随后，将包括在每个数据的相继段中和经过RS编码的正常/健壮数据分组输入健壮交织器/分组格式化器407中。然后，根据健壮数据标志，只对健壮数据(信息分组)进行交织。根据健壮数据编码速率，交织健壮数据被重构成207-字节分组。将重构健壮数据分组与正常数据分组多路复用。正常数据分组存在预定延迟，以便与健壮数据分组多路复用。
图5是例示图4中的健壮交织器/分组格式化器的方块图。参照图5，健壮交织器/分组格式化器407包括健壮数据交织器501、分组格式化器503和第三多路复用器505。
健壮数据交织器501根据健壮数据标志信号，只对健壮数据分组进行交织。
图6是描述图5中的健壮数据交织器的图形。参照图6，健壮数据交织器501从RS编码器405输入的数据分组当中的健壮数据分组中按字节接收信号，进行交织，并且将健壮数据发送到分组格式化器503。此外，健壮数据交织器501具有参数M＝3、B＝69和N＝207。因此，它可以通过从最多69个不同分组的每一个中接收一个字节进行交织。在交织期间，在健壮数据分组中除去空分组和只交织信息分组。
图5中的分组格式化器503处理经过健壮数据交织器501交织的健壮数据。分组格式化器503从健壮数据交织器501接收184个字节，并针对184-字节健壮数据，生成两个207-字节数据块。生成207-字节数据块的每个字节包括4个位，例如，LSB(6，4，2，0)。
4个位对应于输入的健壮数据。其它4个位，例如，MSB(7，5，3，1)被规定成任何数。在207-字节数据块中，将如后所述的首标字节数据和有关RS奇偶校验字节的任意信息数据插入不与184-字节健壮数据对应的字节位置中。
随后，分组格式化器503将与空分组对应的首标加入生成207-字节数据块的前3个字节中。分组格式化器503通过将像“0”那样的20-字节任意信息加入每个数据块中，生成207-字节分组。正如稍后所述的那样，健壮数据格式化器413用RS奇偶校验信息取代20-字节任意信息。
所有其它剩下字节位置依次用184-字节健壮数据的字节填充。分组格式化器503在它将健壮数据加入新生成207-字节数据块的每一个中之前，检验字节位置是否是有关特定奇偶校验字节的位置。如果字节位置不是有关奇偶校验字节的位置，健壮数据字节处在该字节位置中。如果字节位置是有关奇偶校验字节的位置，去掉该字节位置，并检验下一个字节位置。重复这个过程，直到所有健壮数据字节处在上文生成的207-字节数据块中为止。
如果健壮交织4个207-字节健壮数据分组和将其输入分组格式化器503中，则分组格式化器503输出包括健壮数据字节、首标字节和有关RS奇偶校验字节的任意数据字节的9个207-字节分组。输出的9个207-字节分组的每一个包括输入分组格式化器503的健壮数据的92个字节。
同时，每个分组的有关RS奇偶校验字节的任意信息数据字节的位置根据公式3来确定：
m＝(52×n+(s mod 52))mod 207                    公式3
其中，m表示输出字节的号码，即，扩充成207个字节的分组的位置；
n表示0到206范围内的输入字节(n＝0～206)，即，每个分组的字节号；和
s表示与数据场中的健壮数据相对应和范围为0到311的段(s＝0～311)，即，分组号。
可以针对n(n＝187～206)计算奇偶校验字节的位置m，以便每个分组的20个奇偶校验字节的位置总是对应于分组的最后20个字节。这里，n值对应于分组的最后20个字节。
例如，如果k等于0(k＝0)和n具有187到206的范围(n＝187～206)，则分组0的奇偶校验字节的位置是202、47、99、151、203、48、100、152、204、49、101、153、205、50、102、154、206、51、103和155。这意味着，只有当奇偶校验字节的位置是第202字节时，才在数据交织411中的交织之后，奇偶校验字节的位置可以变成从187到206的分组。
类似地，另一个奇偶校验字节的位置应该是第47字节。但是，根据公式3，奇偶校验字节可以处在分组首标字节的位置中。也就是说，m可以是0、1和/或2。因此，为了避免奇偶校验字节变成有关分组首标字节的位置的状况，可以使n的范围扩大多达3的处在首标位置中的奇偶校验字节的个数。于是，如果在获取20个m值的计算中，s mod 52的所得值是1到7范围内的任何一个，20个m值的一部分是0、1和/或2。
例如，如果s mod 52得出0(s mod 52＝0)，则所有20个m值不表示首标字节的位置0、1或2。因此，所有20个m值可以是有关奇偶校验字节的位置。
另一方面，如果s mod 52得出1(s mod 52＝1)，20个m值之一变成表示首标字节的位置的0。在这种情况下，n的范围递增1，成为从186到206。因此，计算21个m值，和舍弃变成有关首标字节的位置的m值。剩下的20个m值被指定成有关奇偶校验字节的位置。
同样，如果s mod 52等于2(s mod 52＝2)，则20个m值当中的两个变成表示首标字节的位置的0和1。在这种情况下，n的范围增加2个，成为从185到206。因此，计算22个m值，和舍弃作为有关首标字节的位置0或1的m值。剩下的20个m值被指定成有关奇偶校验字节的位置。
表2示出了基于健壮数据段位置的n的范围。
表2
  s mod52   另外需要的m的个数   n的范围
  0   0   187～06
  1   1   186～06
  2   2   185～06
  3   3   184～06
  4   3   184～06
  5   3   184～06
  6   2   185～06
  7   1   186～06
  8～51   0   187～06
图5中的第三多路复用器505根据健壮数据标志多路复用从分组格式化器503输出的健壮数据分组和正常数据分组。第三多路复用器505的操作与第一多路复用器401的操作相同。
回头参照图4，数据交织器409交织每个数据段的相继段内的数据分组，以加扰健壮数据标志、正常数据流和健壮数据流的顺序，因此，输出加扰数据。数据交织器409的结构与健壮数据交织器501(参见图6，M＝4，B＝52，N＝208)的结构相似。
图7是描绘图4中的强化编码器的结构的图形。参照图7，强化编码器411包括并行形成的多个相同编码器，例如，12个相同编码器411a～4111，即，12个相同强化编码器。强化编码器411对交织正常/健壮数据和健壮数据标志进行格状交织，并根据格状交织健壮数据标志编码正常/健壮数据。
按字节将数据交织器409输出的正常/健壮数据依次输入12个编码器411a～411l中。强化编码器411将2-位(X1′，X2′)正常/健壮数据编码成2-位(X1，X2)正常/健壮数据。例如，输入位X2′是MSB(7，5，3，1)码字，和输入位X1′是LSB(6，4，2，0)码字。
如前所述，正常数据的MSB(7，5，3，1)和LSB(6，4，2，0)两者都包括信息数据。健壮数据的LSB(6，4，2，0)包括信息数据，而健壮数据的MSB(7，5，3，1)包括任意值。
在强化编码器411的编码数据码元当中，使正常数据码元绕过健壮数据处理器413输入格状编码器415中。健壮数据码元在经过健壮数据处理器413之后输入格状编码器415中。在这个过程中，在12个强化编码器411a～411l中编码的数据码元依次输入格状编码器415或健壮数据处理器413中。总之，进行了格状交织。
再次参照图4，格状编码器415与在ATSC A/53标准下定义的格状编码器相同。正如强化编码器411一样，尽管在图中未示出，但格状编码器415也由并行的多个编码器415a～415l，例如，12个编码器形成。
正常数据位(X1，X2)或健壮数据位(X1，X2)输入12个编码器415a～415l，即，12个格状编码器中。格状编码器415将输入位(X1，X2)格状编码成8-电平码元(在正常数据的情况下，{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7})或4-电平码元(在健壮数据的情况下)。
这里，正常数据位(X1，X2)绕过健壮数据处理器413输入格状编码器415中，而健壮数据位(X1，X2)经过健壮数据处理器413输入格状编码器415中。相应12个格状编码器415a～415l编码的8-电平码元(正常数据)或4-电平码元(在健壮数据的情况下，{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5})依次输入第二多路复用器417中。总之，进行了格状交织。
图8是示出图4中的强化编码器和格状编码器以便按照本发明的实施例描述以8-电平码元的形式输出正常数据和以4-电平码元的形式输出健壮数据的过程的图形。正如后面所述的那样，健壮数据处理器413只处理健壮数据，它不涉及输出8-电平或4-电平码元的过程。因此，图8给出了强化编码器#0411a和格状编码器#0415a之间的概念性连接。
正如当前在ATSC A/53标准下定义的那样，格状编码器415包括预编码块、格状编码块和码元映射块。预编码块和格状编码块的每一个包括用于存储码元延迟值，例如，12个码元延迟值的寄存器D1、D2和D3。
强化编码器#0 411a将数据交织器409输入的2-位(X1′，X2′)正常/健壮数据编码成2-位(X1，X2)正常/健壮数据。格状编码器#0 415a根据与2-位(X1，X2)正常/健壮数据相对应的格状编码位Z0、Z1和Z2，输出8-电平码元(在正常数据的情况下，{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7})或4-电平码元(在健壮数据的情况下，{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5})。
图9到11是示出根据本发明实施例的图4的强化编码器411的详细方块图。图9给出了将健壮数据编码成2-位(X1，X2)正常/健壮数据码元，以便输出{-5，-3，1，7}的4-电平信号的强化编码器415。图10示出了将健壮数据编码成2-位(X1，X2)正常/健壮数据码元，以便输出{-7，-1，3，5}的4-电平信号的强化编码器。图11示出了将健壮数据编码成2-位(X1，X2)正常/健壮数据码元，以便有选择地输出{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}的4-电平信号的强化编码器。
包括在强化编码器411中的一些多路复用器接收正常数据和健壮数据，并根据健壮数据标志输出正常数据和健壮数据。
在例示在图12到15中的另一个实施例，以及图9到11的实施例中，针对正常数据的输入值X1′(LSB)和X2′(MSB)，格状编码块的输出值是Z0＝D3、Z1＝X1和Z2＝(X2′XOR D1)。码元映射块根据格状编码码元Z0、Z1和Z2，输出8-电平信号{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}。
参照图9，强化编码器411主要划分成第一块901、第二块903和第三块905。第一块901用于正常/健壮数据。它利用刚刚释放的强化编码器411的前输出位X1，估计格状编码块的输出位Z0。它包括格状编码块的寄存器D2和D3。因此，如果直接使用格状编码块的寄存器D2和D3，可以省略第一块901。在图12到15中给出了与此有关的实施例。
第二块903用于健壮数据。它利用第一块901的Z0的估计值D3和格状编码块的寄存器值D3，确定是否使Z1的值与Z2的值或Z2的倒数值相同。
如果第一块901的Z0的估计值D3和格状编码块的寄存器值D3是0，图9的第二块903使Z1的值与Z2的倒数值相同。如果第一块901的Z0的估计值D3和格状编码块的寄存器值D3是1，第二块903使Z1的值与Z2的值相同。简而言之，X1＝X1′的倒数(D3＝0)或X1＝X1′(D3＝1)。最后，在这个实施例中，格状编码器415的输出信号电平被映射到{-5，-3，1，7}。
参照图10，如果第一块901的Z0的估计值D3和格状编码块的寄存器值D3是1，图10的第二块1003使Z1的值与Z2的倒数值相同。如果第一块901的Z0的估计值D3和格状编码块的寄存器值D3是0，图10的第二块1003使Z1的值与Z2的值相同。简而言之，X1＝X1′的倒数(D3＝1)或X1＝X1′(D3＝0)。最后，在这个实施例中，格状编码器415的输出信号电平被映射到{-7，-1，3，5}。
图11给出了根据电平选择信号，通过有选择地使第一块901的Z0的估计值D3和格状编码块的寄存器值D3是0或1，有选择地使格状编码器415的输出信号电平映射到{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}的实施例。
电平选择信号选择映射。例如，如果格状编码器415针对当前健壮数据的输出信号电平被映射到{-5，-3，1，7}，则电平选择信号选择将格状编码器415针对当前健壮数据的输出信号电平映射到针对下一个健壮数据的{-7，-1，3，5}。选择可以在预定时间段内作出。
图16示出了Z0估计值D3和电平选择信号的实施例。图9的第三块905用于正常/健壮数据。它针对格状编码器415的健壮数据补偿预编码块。例如，第三块905针对健壮数据的输入值X1′(LSB)补偿预编码块，从而使格状编码块的输出值是Z2＝X1。
第三块包括包含在格状编码器415的预编码块中的寄存器D1。因此，如果直接使用包含在预编码块中的寄存器D1，可以省略寄存器D1。这种情况显示在图12到15的实施例中。第三块905的MUX接收正常数据的X2′(MSB)和健壮数据的X1′(LSB)。如上所述，由于健壮数据的X1′(LSB)包括信息数据，而X2′(MSB)包括任意值，因此不使用健壮数据的X2′(MSB)。
例如，如果时间流被划分成时间0、时间1和时间2，强化编码器411的输出值X1和X2、格状编码器415的输出值Z2、Z1和Z0和寄存器值D1、D2和D3之间的关系被表达成公式4和5：
Z2|time1＝D1|time0XOR X2|time1＝D1|time1
Z1|time1＝X1|time1
Z0|time1＝D3|time0＝D2|time1
D3|time1＝D2|time0XOR1|time1               公式4
Z0|time2＝D3|time1                           公式5
也就是说，当前输出位Z0是前寄存器值D3，并且是从前位X1中估计出来的。
按照图9到13的实施例，健壮数据的X1′(LSB)、Z0估计值(Z0 *＝前D3)、X1、Z2、Z1、Z0和码元电平像显示在下表3中那样。
表3
  X1′   Z0 *   X1   Z2   Z1   Z0   码元电平
  0   0   1   0   1   0   -3
  1   0   0   1   0   0   1
  0   0   1   0   1   0   -3
  1   0   0   1   0   0   1
  0   1   0   0   0   1   -5
  1   1   1   1   1   1   7
  0   1   0   0   0   1   -5
  1   1   1   1   1   1   7
按照图10到14的实施例，健壮数据的X1′(LSB)、Z0估计值(Z0 *＝前D3)、X1、Z2、Z1、Z0和码元电平像显示在下表4中那样。
表4
  X1′   Z0 *   X1   Z2   Z1   Z0   码元电平
  0   0   0   0   0   0   -7
  1   0   1   1   1   0   5
  0   0   0   0   0   0   -7
  1   0   1   1   1   0   5
  0   1   1   0   1   1   -1
  1   1   0   1   0   1   3
  0   1   1   0   1   1   -1
  1   1   0   1   0   1   3
回头参照图4，健壮数据处理器413防止健壮数据在采用8-VSB技术的接收器，即，8-VSB接收器中被错误恢复。它为8-VSB接收器提供向后兼容。因此，如果正像本发明的实施例中那样使用采用4-VSB技术的接收器，即，4-VSB接收器，提供向后兼容的健壮数据处理器413是多余的。
在不提供向后兼容或信号处理的发送器中处理的信号的振幅可以不同于在提供向后兼容的发送器中处理的信号的振幅。例如，不支持向后兼容的发送器的分组格式化器503从健壮数据交织器501接收207个字节的数据，并处理数据。从不提供向后兼容的发送器中的强化编码器411输出的健壮数据不经过健壮数据处理器413。它们只经受格状去交织和输入格状编码器415中。
但是，就如下所述而言，本领域的普通技术人员可明显看出，本发明可与发送器是否提供向后兼容无关地应用。因此，应该明白，本发明的发送器不局限于提供向后兼容的情况的实施例。
图17是描述图4中的健壮数据处理器的细节的方块图。参照图17，健壮数据处理器413包括格状去交织器1701、数据去交织器1703、RS编码器1705和数据交织器1707。通过在格状去交织器1701和数据去交织器1703上被格状去交织和数据去交织，从强化编码器411输出的健壮数据X1和X2和健壮数据标志被重新组合成分组。
如上所述，在分组格式化器503上生成的207字节数据块包括20字节任意信息。RS编码器1705将20字节任意信息改变成RS奇偶校验信息。含有RS奇偶校验信息的健壮数据在数据去交织器1707上被数据去交织和作为字节单位输出到格状编码器415。
参照图4，第二多路复用器417通过将正常数据的8-电平码元和健壮数据的4-电平码元与段同步和场同步位序列，生成用于发送的数据帧。在组合之后，导频加法器插入导频信号。将码元流调制成压缩载波。最后，在RF转换器上将基带的8-VSB/4-VSB码元流调制成射频信号，并且发送射频信号。
图18是例示按照本发明的图4的发送器400发送的场同步段的图形。参照图18，发送器400的段基本上与ATSC A/53标准的段相同。但是，发送器的段包括用于在保留区中的104个码元当中的92个码元上恢复健壮数据分组的信息。用于恢复健壮数据分组的信息包括有关场中健壮数据和正常数据的比例的信息(NRP)和有关健壮数据的编码速率的信息(1/2或1/4)。如后所述，本发明的接收器根据用于恢复健壮数据分组的信息，生成健壮数据标志，和根据健壮数据标志，确定当前处理的数据是否是健壮数据分组。
图19是示出按照本发明一个实施例的DTV接收器的方块图。参照图19，接收器1900包括调谐器1901、IF滤波器和检测器1903、NTSC带阻滤波器1905、均衡器1907、格状解码器1909、数据去交织器1911、分组格式化器/健壮去交织器1913、RS解码器1915、数据去随机化器1917、多路分用器1919、同步和定时恢复单元1921、场同步解码器1923和控制单元1925。
本发明的解码技术解码通过映射到表达成8-电平{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}的一个电平发送的正常数据和解码通过映射表达成4-电平{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}的组之一发送的健壮数据。本发明的解码技术可以实现成解码通过映射表达成4-电平{-7，-5，5，7}或{-7，-3，3，7}的组之一发送的健壮数据的其它解码技术。
在这种情况下，本发明的实施例包括选择单元，用于选择解码通过映射到本发明的映射组，例如，{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}发送的健壮数据的信号路径和解码通过映射到另一个映射组，例如，{-7，-5，5，7}或{-7，-3，3，7}发送的健壮数据的其它信号路径之一。在本发明中，可以根据所选信号路径解码健壮数据。
解码信号路径可以是功能上独立的信号路径。例如，均衡器1907根据如后所述的健壮数据标志进行接收信号的均衡。健壮数据标志可以包括确定要处理的数据是否是正常数据、通过映射到本发明的映射组，例如，{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}发送的健壮数据，并且通过映射到另一个映射组，例如，{-7，-5，5，7}或{-7，-3，3，7}发送的健壮数据之一的信息。对于正常数据信号，该信息用于确定8-电平{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}当中的信号电平。
在健壮数据的情况中，该信息用于确定本发明的映射组{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}，或另一个映射组{-7，-5，5，7}或{-7，-3，3，7}之一的4-电平当中的信号电平。类似地，对于正常数据，格状解码器1909进行8-电平{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}的格状解码。此外，在健壮信号的情况下，格状解码器1909进行本发明的映射组{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}，或另一个映射组{-7，-5，5，7}或{-7，-3，3，7}之一的4-电平的格状解码。
图9中的调谐器1901、IF滤波器和检测器1903、NTSC带阻滤波器1905、数据去交织器1911、RS解码器1915和同步和定时恢复单元1921分别完成与图2中的调谐器201、IF滤波器和检测器203、NTSC带阻滤波器205、数据去交织器211、RS解码器213和同步和定时恢复单元215相同的功能。
用在接收器1900中的4-电平健壮数据{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}取决于用在发送器中的4-电平健壮数据。场同步解码器1923接收如图18所示的数据帧的段，并恢复保留区中包括有关场中正常数据和健壮数据的比例和健壮数据的编码速率的信息的健壮数据分组恢复信息。
图20是例示图19中的控制单元的细节的方块图。参照图20，控制单元1925包括正常/健壮数据标志发生器2001、数据交织器2003、格状交织器2005、延迟缓冲器2007和延迟计算器2009。正常/健壮数据标志发生器2001利用从场同步解码器1923接收的健壮数据分组恢复信息生成健壮数据标志。
在数据交织器2003上以位为单位数据交织和格状交织器2005上根据ATSC A/53格状交织健壮数据分组恢复信息。经过交织之后，将健壮数据分组恢复信息发送到均衡器1907和格状解码器1909。
由于包括在从发送器400发送的数据帧中的健壮数据标志已经被数据交织和格状交织，因此均衡器1907和格状解码器1909根据数据交织和格状交织的健壮数据标志进行均衡和格状解码。
同时，延迟缓冲器2007接收正常/健壮数据标志发生器2001生成的健壮数据标志，并根据在格状解码器1909和数据去交织器1911中处理数据造成的延迟，经延迟健壮数据标志。将经延迟健壮数据标志发送到分组格式化器/健壮去交织器1913。此外，延迟缓冲器2007根据在分组格式化器/健壮去交织器1913中处理数据造成的延迟，经延迟健壮数据标志，并且将经延迟健壮数据标志发送到数据去随机化器1917、de-MUX 1919和延迟计算器2009。
延迟计算器2009根据从健壮数据标志和场同步解码器1923接收的健壮数据分组恢复信息和来自延迟缓冲器2007的经延迟健壮数据标志，计算健壮数据分组的延迟量。将计算的延迟量发送到数据去随机化器1917。数据去随机化器1917通过在数据帧的场同步信号上同步化进行去随机化。
从场同步解码器1923接收的健壮数据分组恢复信息包括有关健壮数据分组在数据帧中的位置的信息。但是，分组格式化器/健壮去交织器1913只处理健壮数据分组的数据，尤其，健壮去交织器进行的去交织处理造成多达几个分组的延迟。延迟计算器2009根据接收的健壮数据分组恢复信息和健壮数据标志计算健壮数据分组的延迟量，以便补偿健壮数据分组的延迟，并且将计算的延迟量发送到1917。
数据去随机化器1917根据接收到的延迟量，对正常数据分组和健壮数据分组进行去随机化。例如，在去随机化第n正常数据分组之后，去随机化器应该去随机化第(n+1)正常数据分组。但是，去随机化器可能去随机化第k健壮数据分组，其中，k小于n。
如上所述，正常数据分组的延迟长于健壮数据分组的延迟。这是因为正常数据分组的延迟包括为了恢复分组，在分组格式化器/健壮去交织器1913上造成的延迟。于是，数据去随机化器1917根据上述延迟进行去随机化。
图21是描述图19中的分组格式化器/健壮去交织器的方块图。图22是图21中的健壮数据去交织器操作的概念图。分组格式化器/健壮去交织器进行与发送器400的健壮交织器/分组格式化器407相反的操作。也就是说，分组格式化器/健壮去交织器通过消除包括在数据去交织器1911输入的健壮数据段(207个字节)中的RS奇偶校验字节(20个字节)和首标字节(3个字节)，生成包括信息数据的健壮数据分组和空分组。
因此，如果健壮数据段的9个分组输入分组格式化器2011中，则分组格式化器2011输出含有信息数据的4个健壮数据分组和含有空信息的5个空数据。健壮数据去交织器2103以字节为单位从分组格式化器2011接收健壮数据分组，并且进行去交织操作。
在去交织操作之后，健壮数据去交织器2103将健壮数据分组输出到多路复用器2105。在去交织操作期间，消除包括在健壮数据分组中的空分组和只对信息分组进行去交织操作。为了与健壮数据分组多路复用，使正常数据分组延迟预定时间量。
将多路复用的正常数据分组和健壮数据分组发送到RS解码器1915。RS解码器1915 RS解码每个分组和将RS解码的分组输出到数据去随机化器1917。
再次参照图19，de-MUX 1919根据健壮数据标志多路分用正常数据分组和健壮数据分组，并且以用188个字节MPEG兼容数据分组构成的一列数据流的形式输出多路分用的正常数据分组和健壮数据分组。
具有随0返回的轨迹的众所周知确定器或格状解码器可以用作均衡器1907。均衡器1907根据健壮数据标志对接收信号进行均衡操作，健壮数据标志是按照ATSC A/53数据交织和格状交织的位单位数据。在正常数据信号的情况下，在8-电平{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}当中确定信号电平。
在健壮数据信号的情况下，均衡器1907在4-电平{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}当中确定信号电平。例如，在健壮数据信号的情况下，{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}的4-电平信号用作用于更新均衡器1907的抽头系数的判定数据。例如，用在均衡器1907中的格状解码器按照基于4-电平的状态图，而不是利用基于8-电平的状态图确定健壮数据信号的信号电平。
也就是说，由于信号电平是通过限制有关健壮数据的部分路径确定的，所以可以精确确定信号电平。由于信号电平的精确确定提高了均衡器的收敛速度，在多普勒环境下可以改善健壮数据和正常数据两者的接收性能。
格状解码器1909可以利用基于ATSC A/53标准的格状解码器实现。格状解码器1909与用在均衡器1907中的格状解码器类似，对于正常数据信号，对{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}的8-电平进行格状解码操作，和对于健壮数据信号，对{-5，-3，1，7}或{-7，-1，3，5}的4-电平进行格状解码操作。也就是说，格状解码器1909按照基于4-电平的状态图，而不是利用基于8-电平的状态图对健壮数据信号进行格状解码操作。
由于对健壮数据的格状解码操作是通过限制部分路径进行的，所以可以精确地进行格状解码。图23是示出基于8-电平的状态图的图形，而图24是描绘基于{-7，-1，3，5}的4-电平的状态图的图形。参照图23和24，在基于8-电平的传统状态图中，在生成码元期间使当前状态变成“00”的情况是像前一状态是“00”和信号电平{-7}和{1}的情况和前一状态是“10”和信号电平{-3}和{5}的情况那样的4种情况。
在按照本发明的基于4-电平的状态图中，使当前状态变成“00”的情况是像前一状态是“00”和信号电平{-7}的情况和前一状态是“10”和信号电平是{5}的情况那样的2种情况。如上所述，格状解码操作是通过限制部分路径对健壮数据进行的，因此，增加了影响格状解码性能的前端距离。
根据本发明的优选实施例，基于ATSC A/53标准的8-VSB接收器可以接收正常数据分组，并且，还通过处理像空分组那样的健壮数据分组提供了向后兼容性。
图25是示出传统4-VSB通信系统和本发明的4-VSB通信系统之间平均码元功率(能量单位/码元)的比较的直方图。也就是说，用黑色描绘出传统{-7，-5，5，7}4-VSB技术，和用白色描绘出本发明的技术。直方图的X轴示出正常数据分组中健壮数据的比例，和Y轴代表平均码元功率(能量单位/码元)。
根据传统{-7，-5，5，7}4-VSB技术，平均码元功率随正常数据分组中健壮数据的比例增加而增加。但是，按照本发明，平均码元功率不受正常数据分组中健壮数据的比例影响。
并且，本发明的平均码元功率是21，因此，发送健壮数据的码元的平均码元功率与传统8-VSB模式的平均码元功率相同。
如上所述，本发明无需增加平均功率和无需考虑正常数据和健壮数据组合的比例，就可以发送由基于特定4-VSB模式的健壮数据和基于8-VSB模式的正常数据构成的对偶流。并且，本发明通过改善健壮数据和正常数据两者的接收性能，满足了TOV和降低了SNR。
虽然通过参照某些优选实施例已经对本发明作了描述，但本领域的普通技术人员可明显看出，可以作出各种改变和改进，而不偏离所附权利要求书限定的本发明的范围。

Claims (45)

1.一种发送数字信号的系统，包括：
输入装置，用于接收数字视频数据流；
编码装置，用于编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，l，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一，从而生成编码信号；和
残留边带(VSB)发送装置，用于对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，数字视频数据流包括正常数据。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中，编码装置编码正常数据，以便将正常数据映射到{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，编码装置包括：
健壮编码器，用于编码数字视频信号的两位信息数据(X1′，X2′)，生成(X1，X2)所代表的两位数据码元；和
格状编码器，用于编码(X1，X2)所代表的两位数据码元，生成(Z2，Z1，Z0)所代表的每一个具有三个电平之一的三位数据码元。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中，健壮编码器根据Z0的预测值编码信息数据(X1′)，以便格状编码器生成表达成下表那样的具有四个电平{-5，-3，1，7}之一的数据码元：   X1′   Z0 *   X1   Z2   Z1   Z0   码元电平   0   0   1   0   1   0   -3   1   0   0   1   0   0   1   0   0   1   0   1   0   -3   1   0   0   1   0   0   1   0   1   0   0   0   1   -5   1   1   1   1   1   1   7   0   1   0   0   0   1   -5   1   1   1   1   1   1   7
其中，Z0 *是Z0的预测值。
6.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中，健壮编码器根据Z0的预测值编码信息数据(X1′)，以便格状编码器生成表达成下表那样的具有四个电平{-7，-1，3，5}之一的数据码元：   X1′   Z0 *   X1   Z2   Z1   Z0   码元电平   0   0   0   0   0   0   -7   1   0   1   1   1   0   5   0   0   0   0   0   0   -7   1   0   1   1   1   0   5   0   1   1   0   1   1   -1   1   1   0   1   0   1   3   0   1   1   0   1   1   -1   1   1   0   1   0   1   3
其中，Z0 *是Z0的预测值。
7.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中，输入装置包括多路复用器，用于如果数字视频数据流包括正常数据和健壮数据，则多路复用正常数据和健壮数据，
其中，健壮数据的位置通过如下公式确定：
RPI＝312/NRP
RPP＝floor(RPI×r)
其中，NRP表示包括在要发送的数据帧中的健壮数据分组的个数；RPI表示健壮数据分组间隔；RPP是健壮数据分组位置；floor(*)表示小数截断计算；和r是范围从0到NRP的整数。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，编码装置包括确定装置，用于选择两个组-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一，作为健壮数据映射到的一个组。
9.一种发送数字信号的系统，包括：
输入装置，用于接收数字视频数据流；
第一编码装置，用于编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，其中，健壮数据被映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一；
第二编码装置，用于编码健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到具有四个电平的另一个组；
选择装置，用于使第一编码装置和第二编码装置之一接收健壮数据；和
VSB发送装置，用于对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中，数字视频数据流包括正常数据。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中，第一编码装置和第二编码装置之一编码正常数据，以便将正常数据映射到{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}。
12.一种发送/接收数字信号的系统，包括：
发送数字信号的发送设备；和
接收数字信号的接收设备，
其中，发送设备包括：
输入装置，用于接收数字视频数据流；
编码装置，用于编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一，从而生成编码信号；和
VSB发送装置，用于对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号，和
其中，接收设备包括：
接收器，用于接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；
均衡器，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，判定健壮数据的电平，从而生成均衡信号；
格状解码装置，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，对均衡信号进行格状解码，从而生成格状解码信号；和
解码装置，用于解码格状解码信号以恢复数字视频数据流。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中，数字视频数据流包括正常数据。
14.根据权利要求13所述的系统，其中，编码装置编码正常数据，以便将正常数据映射到{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}，
均衡装置根据{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}判定正常数据的电平，以生成均衡正常数据，和
格状解码装置根据{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}对均衡正常数据进行格状解码。
15.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中，其中，编码装置包括：
健壮编码器，用于编码数字视频信号的两位信息数据(X1′，X2′)，生成(X1，X2)所代表的两位数据码元；和
格状编码器，用于编码(X1，X2)所代表的两位数据码元，生成(Z2，Z1，Z0)所代表的每一个具有三个电平之一的三位数据码元。
16.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中，健壮编码器根据Z0的预测值编码信息数据(X1′)，以便格状编码器生成表达成下表那样的具有四个电平{-5，-3，1，7}之一的数据码元：   X1′   Z0 *   X1   Z2   Z1   Z0   码元电平   0   0   1   0   1   0   -3   1   0   0   1   0   0   1   0   0   1   0   1   0   -3   1   0   0   1   0   0   1   0   1   0   0   0   1   -5   1   1   1   1   1   1   7   0   1   0   0   0   1   -5   1   1   1   1   1   1   7
其中，Z0 *是Z0的预测值。
17.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中，健壮编码器根据Z0的预测值编码信息数据(X1′)，以便格状编码器生成表达成下表那样的具有四个电平{-7，-1，3，5}之一的数据码元：
  X1′   Z0 *   X1   Z2   Z1   Z0   码元电平   0   0   0   0   0   0   -7   1   0   1   1   1   0   5   0   0   0   0   0   0   -7   1   0   1   1   1   0   5
  0   1   1   0   1   1   -1   1   1   0   1   0   l   3   0   1   1   0   1   1   -1   1   1   0   1   0   1   3
其中，Z0 *是Z0的预测值。
18.根据权利要求13所述的系统，其中，输入装置包括多路复用器，用于如果数字视频数据流包括正常数据和健壮数据，则多路复用正常数据和健壮数据，
其中，健壮数据的位置通过如下公式确定：
RPI＝312/NRP
RPP＝floor(RPI×r)
其中，NRP表示包括在要发送的数据帧中的健壮数据分组的个数，RPI表示健壮数据分组间隔，RPP是健壮数据分组位置，floor(*)表示小数截断计算，和r是范围从0到NRP的整数。
19.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中，编码装置包括确定装置，用于选择两个组-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一，作为健壮数据映射到的一个组。
20.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中，编码装置包括：
随机化器，用于随机化数字视频数据流，生成随机化信号；
RS编码器，用于对随机化信号进行里德-索洛蒙(RS)编码，从而生成RS编码信号；
健壮交织器/分组格式化器，用于交织包括在RS编码信号中的健壮数据和根据健壮数据的编码速率格式化健壮数据分组；和
交织器，用于交织健壮数据分组。
21.根据权利要求20所述的系统，其中，解码装置包括：
去交织器，用于去交织格状解码信号，生成去交织信号；
分组格式化器/健壮交织器，用于根据包括在去交织信号中的健壮数据，重新格式化含有信息数据的健壮数据分组；
RS解码器，用于对健壮数据分组进行里德-索洛蒙(RS)解码，生成RS解码信号；
去随机化器，用于去随机化RS解码信号，生成去随机化信号；和
多路分用器，用于多路分用去随机化信号。
22.根据权利要求21所述的系统，其中，接收设备进一步包括：
标志发生器，用于根据恢复的健壮数据，生成指示健壮数据的健壮数据标志；和
延迟缓冲器，用于在去交织器中的延迟时间内缓存健壮数据标志和将健壮数据标志发送到分组格式化器/健壮去交织器。
23.根据权利要求22所述的系统，其中，延迟缓冲器在去交织器中的延迟时间内经延迟健壮数据标志和将健壮数据标志发送到去随机化器。
24.根据权利要求23所述的系统，其中，如果数字视频数据流包括正常数据和健壮数据，接收设备进一步包括：
延迟计算装置，用于根据从延迟缓冲器接收的健壮数据标志和恢复的健壮数据计算正常数据的延迟时间，并将正常数据的延迟时间发送到去随机化器。
25.一种发送/接收数字信号的系统，包括：
发送数字信号的发送设备；和
接收数字信号的接收设备，
其中，发送设备包括：
输入装置，用于接收数字视频数据流；
第一编码装置，用于编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，其中，健壮数据被映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一；
第二编码装置，用于编码健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到具有四个电平的另一个组；
选择装置，用于使第一编码装置和第二编码装置之一接收健壮数据；和
VSB发送装置，用于对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号，和
其中，接收设备包括：
接收器，用于接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；
均衡器，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，判定健壮数据的电平，从而生成均衡信号；
格状解码装置，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，对均衡信号进行格状解码，从而生成格状解码信号；和
解码装置，用于解码格状解码信号以恢复数字视频数据流。
26.根据权利要求25所述的系统，其中，数字视频数据流包括正常数据。
27.根据权利要求26所述的系统，其中，第一编码装置和第二编码装置之一编码正常数据，以便将正常数据映射到{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}，
选择装置使第一编码装置和第二编码装置之一接收正常数据，
均衡装置根据{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}判定正常数据的电平，以生成均衡正常数据，和
格状解码装置根据{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}对均衡正常数据进行格状解码。
28.一种接收数字信号的系统，包括：
接收器，用于接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；
均衡器，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，判定映射到两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一的健壮数据的电平，从而生成均衡信号；
格状解码装置，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，对均衡信号进行格状解码，从而生成格状解码信号；和
解码装置，用于解码格状解码信号以恢复数字视频数据流。
29.根据权利要求28所述的系统，其中，数字视频数据流包括正常数据。
30.根据权利要求29所述的系统，其中，均衡器根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}，判定正常数据的电平，和
其中，格状解码装置根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}，对均衡信号中的正常数据进行格状解码。
31.一种接收数字信号的系统，包括：
接收器，用于接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；
均衡器，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，判定映射到包括每一个具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}的组的健壮数据的电平，从而生成均衡信号；
格状解码装置，用于根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，对均衡信号进行格状解码，从而生成格状解码信号；和
解码装置，用于解码格状解码信号以恢复数字视频数据流。
32.根据权利要求31所述的系统，其中，数字视频数据流包括正常数据。
33.根据权利要求32所述的系统，其中，均衡器根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}判定正常数据的电平，和
其中，格状解码装置根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}，对均衡信号中的正常数据进行格状解码。
34.一种发送数字信号的方法，包括如下步骤：
a)接收数字视频数据流；
b)编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一，从而生成编码信号；和
c)对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法，其中，数字视频数据流包括正常数据。
36.根据权利要求35所述的方法，其中，步骤b)包括如下步骤：编码正常数据，以便将正常数据映射到{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}。
37.根据权利要求34所述的方法，其中，步骤b)包括如下步骤：
b-1)编码数字视频信号的两位信息数据(X1′，X2′)，生成(X1，X2)所代表的两位数据码元；和
b-2)编码(X1，X2)所代表的两位数据码元，生成(Z2，Z1，Z0)所代表的每一个具有三个电平之一的三位数据码元。
38.根据权利要求37所述的方法，其中，b-1)的步骤包括如下步骤：根据Z0的预测值编码信息数据(X1′)，以便格状编码器生成表达成下表那样的具有四个电平{-5，-3，1，7}之一的数据码元：   X1′   Z0 *   X1   Z2   Z1   Z0   码元电平   0   0   1   0   1   0   -3   1   0   0   1   0   0   1   0   0   1   0   1   0   -3   1   0   0   1   0   0   1   0   1   0   0   0   1   -5   1   1   1   1   1   1   7
  0   1   0   0   0   1   -5   1   1   1   1   1   1   7
其中，Z0 *是Z0的预测值。
39.根据权利要求37所述的方法，其中，b-1)的步骤包括如下步骤：根据Z0的预测值编码信息数据(X1′)，以便格状编码器生成表达成下表那样的具有四个电平{-7，-1，3，5}之一的数据码元：   X1′   Z0 *   X1   Z2   Z1   Z0   码元电平   0   0   0   0   0   0   -7   1   0   1   1   1   0   5   0   0   0   0   0   0   -7   1   0   1   1   1   0   5   0   1   1   0   1   1   -1   1   1   0   1   0   1   3   0   1   1   0   1   1   -1   1   1   0   1   0   1   3
其中，Z0 *是Z0的预测值。
40.一种发送/接收数字信号的方法，包括如下步骤：
发送数字信号；和
接收数字信号，
其中，发送数字信号的步骤包括如下步骤：
a)接收数字视频数据流；
b)编码包括在数字视频数据流中的健壮数据，以便将健壮数据映射到每一组具有四个电平的两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一，从而生成编码信号；和
c)对编码信号进行VSB调制以生成VSB调制信号并发送VSB调制信号，和
其中，接收数字信号的步骤包括如下步骤：
d)接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；
e)根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，判定健壮数据的电平，从而生成均衡信号；
f)根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，对均衡信号进行格状解码，从而生成格状解码信号；和
g)解码格状解码信号以恢复数字视频数据流。
41.根据权利要求40所述的方法，其中，数字视频数据流包括正常数据。
42.根据权利要求41所述的方法，其中，步骤b)包括如下步骤：编码正常数据，以便将正常数据映射到{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}，
步骤e)包括如下步骤：根据{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}判定正常数据的电平，以生成均衡正常数据，和
步骤f)包括如下步骤：根据{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}对均衡正常数据进行格状解码。
43.一种接收数字信号的方法，包括如下步骤：
a)接收VSB调制信号和将VSB调制信号转换成基带信号；
b)根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，判定映射到两个组{-5，-3，1，7}和{-7，-1，3，5}之一的健壮数据的电平，从而生成均衡信号；
c)根据在发送设备中用于编码健壮数据的组，对均衡信号进行格状解码，从而生成格状解码信号；和
d)解码格状解码信号以恢复数字视频数据流。
44.根据权利要求43所述的方法，其中，数字视频数据流包括正常数据。
45.根据权利要求44所述的方法，其中，步骤b)包括如下步骤：根据{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}判定正常数据的电平，以生成均衡正常数据，和
其中，步骤c)包括如下步骤：根据{-7，-5，-3，-1，1，3，5，7}对均衡正常数据进行格状解码。
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