CN1756021A - A kind of short-circuit fault current limiter - Google Patents
A kind of short-circuit fault current limiter Download PDFInfo
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- CN1756021A CN1756021A CNA2005100075371A CN200510007537A CN1756021A CN 1756021 A CN1756021 A CN 1756021A CN A2005100075371 A CNA2005100075371 A CN A2005100075371A CN 200510007537 A CN200510007537 A CN 200510007537A CN 1756021 A CN1756021 A CN 1756021A
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Abstract
A kind of short-circuit fault current limiter relates to the transmission and distribution network fault current limiter.It is characterized in that the shunt circuit that the current-limiting inductance (general inductance or superconduction inductance all can) at existing bridge circuit type short-circuit fault current limiter goes up a current-limiting resistance of series connection and a solid-state switch, give the continuous current circuit of a current-limiting inductance diode (inverse parallel) in parallel and resistance series connection, constituted a kind of short-circuit fault current limiter.The adding continuous current circuit both can reduce the A.C.power loss of current-limiting inductance, can reduce the back-pressure of current-limiting inductance again.Adopt relatively control strategy realization current-limiting resistance switching of hysteresis.The series parallel structure that has proposed two kinds of switching tubes and current-limiting resistance satisfies the high-tension needs of electrical network.The present invention not only can fault current limiting peak value, and fault current limiting steady-state value.This flow restricter current limiting capacity is strong, and is little to line influence, can improve stability, fail safe and the reliability of the electrical network quality of power supply and high pressure or supergrid system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of short-circuit fault current limiter, particularly the fault current limiter of transmission and distribution network.
Background technology
Along with fast development of national economy, society constantly increases the demand of electric power, driven the continuous development of electric power system, unit and station capacity, substation capacity, city and center of industry load constantly increase, just make between the electric power system interconnected, short circuit current level in the electrical networks at different levels improves constantly, and short trouble is also increasing to the destructiveness of electric power system and continuous electric equipment thereof.And in growing to the demand of electric energy, people also have higher requirement to the quality of power supply, power supply reliability and fail safe etc.Yet the transient stability problem of big electrical network is more outstanding, and wherein one of most important reason is because the conventional electric power technology lacks effective short-circuit current restriction technologies.At present, extensively adopt circuit breaker that short circuit current is fully cut-off in the world, because short circuit current level is directly related with the capacity of system, under the certain situation of the specified drop-out current level of circuit breaker, adopt and fully cut-off the growth that short circuit current will limit the capacity of electric power system, and circuit breaker costs an arm and a leg and its price rises rapidly with the increase of its specified drop-out current.Along with the expansion of net capacity and scale, it is even more serious that this problem will become.
Short-circuit fault current limiter provides new approaches for the solution of this problem.Such as; solid-state short-circuit fault current limiter it when detecting short trouble, by the impedance and the induction reactance parameter of quick change fault electrical network, fault current can be limited in lower level; with the protection power equipment, and guarantee under the prerequisite of existing circuit breaker breaking capacity, to cut off short trouble.U.S. patent of invention US 4490769 and Chinese invention patent ZL 96123001.0 have proposed the short-circuit fault current limiter structure, and its circuit mainly is made up of the direct current reactor of the diode that constitutes rectifier bridge or thyristor, fault current limiting and grid bias power supply etc.When normal operation, flow restricter does not have pressure drop, does not almost have a power consumption electrical network; The fault in case system is short-circuited, when power network current reaches the electric current of direct current reactor, reactor just is automatically connected into circuit fault current and climbing thereof is limited, thereby makes fault current be limited in certain level, to guarantee the timely disengagement failure electric current of circuit breaker.Like this, can cooperate the lower circuit breaker of level that opens circuit to realize the fault current rupturing operation of higher level by short-circuit fault current limiter.Simultaneously, this flow restricter also can be realized the electrical network reclosing.The technical scheme of U.S. patent of invention US 4490769 is shown in Fig. 1 (a), and its main circuit is made up of thyristor TH 1, TH2, TH3, TH4, dc inductance L and grid bias power supply Vb.Its improved technical scheme is shown in Fig. 1 (b) and 1 (c), when being short-circuited fault, all can not have time-delay ground and drop into circuit automatically, fault current and climbing thereof are limited, and, Fig. 1 (a) and 1 (b) can realize more effective fault current control by the angle of flow of control thyristor.
But, still there are many weak points in solid-state short-circuit fault current limiter, its current-limiting inductance (L0) is just when power network current reaches inductive current, just can be automatically connected into electrical network and realize current limliting, it can only limit the fault current peak value of transcient short circuit time, can't the fault restriction steady-state current, the current waveform distortion of current limliting process is bigger; For the electrical network steady-state current wave distortion that the pressure drop that compensates the switching device on the brachium pontis causes, the general method that adopts to current-limiting inductance series connection grid bias power supply.But the electric current that flows through grid bias power supply is 2～3 times of power network current often, and must satisfy the requirement that the electric current of non-fault case and fault case changes, and therefore, the realization of grid bias power supply has certain technical difficulty and higher cost; The bridge circuit that adopts thyristor to form, needing increases controller, thereby has improved system cost, has reduced the reliability of system.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of short-circuit fault current limiter that is used for transmission and distribution network, but but its not only fault current limiting peak value but also fault current limiting steady-state value, and simple in structure, cost is low.
The technical solution used in the present invention:
The present invention includes the single-phase rectification bridge and the current-limiting inductance formed by diode D1, D2, D3, D4 of existing fault current limiter, the present invention gives the shunt circuit of current-limiting inductance L (general inductance or superconduction inductance all a can) current-limiting resistance R series connection of series connection and a solid-state switch (GTO, IGBT, SCR etc.), give a current-limiting inductance L diode Ds (inverse parallel) in parallel and resistance R s series connection continuous current circuit, constituted a kind of short-circuit fault current limiter, wherein bridge circuit is constituted by a diode, and cancels grid bias power supply simultaneously.
In short-circuit fault current limiter of the present invention, the solid-state switch in parallel with current-limiting resistance (GTO, IGBT, SCR etc.) is composed in series by a plurality of solid-state switches, thereby satisfies the needs of flow restricter high-pressure work.The present invention proposes direct series connection such as GTO, IGBT and GTO, IGBT etc. and satisfy high-tension needs, and designed the continuous current circuit of superconducting current-limiting inductance, thereby formed the short-circuit fault current limiter topology of multiple structure with the construction of switch that SCR directly connects.
Major advantage of the present invention:
1, the present invention not only can the fault current limiting peak value, and can the fault current limiting steady-state value.Just when the circuit fault current reached the current-limiting inductance current value, current-limiting inductance just was automatically connected into the circuit limitations fault current to existing current-limiting inductance, therefore, and can only the fault current limiting peak value.And the short-circuit fault current limiter after improving, the mode of employing inductance and the common current limliting of resistance not only in current limliting, has added the resistance current limliting, and, improved the ability of current limit by inductance, thereby obtained than the better current limitation effect of existing short-circuit fault current limiter.
2, adopted current-limiting inductance to add the continuous current circuit scheme among the present invention, both can reduce the current-limiting inductance current fluctuation, reduce the A.C.power loss of current-limiting inductance, can reduce the reverse voltage that is added in the current limliting process on the current-limiting inductance again, thereby, reduced the impact of fault current to the superconduction inductance.Also improved simultaneously the impact of fault current to the fling-cut switch pipe of current-limiting resistance.Therefore, this scheme helps improving the reliability of system, prolongs the useful life of system.
3, the present invention can eliminate the distortion of line steady-state current waveform under the prerequisite of cancellation grid bias power supply.Adopt diode to form bridge circuit, suitably select the current-limiting inductance value, help reducing the steady-state current wave distortion, reduce the influence of flow restricter, thereby guaranteed the quality of power supply of circuit better stable state gauze electric current.
4, the control method of flow restricter is simple in the invention, but can reach the current limitation effect of existing flow restricter.Existing flow restricter adopts solid-state switch to form bridge circuit, needs periodically control, the algorithm complexity.And the present invention has adopted diode bridge, only need get final product by the solid-state switch in parallel of cut-off current-limiting resistance when detecting fault.Simultaneously, the hysteresis comparison control strategy that is adopted can prevent misoperation, improves the reliability of system.
5, short-circuit fault current limiter of the present invention, the reclosing ability is strong.After fault disappeared, the continuous current circuit that current-limiting resistance provides can make the electric current of current-limiting inductance be reduced to the normal state current peak rapidly, thereby reach the purpose of rapid reclosing.Current-limiting inductance of the present invention does not need superconduction inductance quench to come fault current limiting, and comes current limliting by series limiting resistor if adopt the superconduction inductance, and is same, is fit to very much the needs of reclosing yet.
6, among the present invention, adopt inductance and the common current-limiting mode of resistance, reduced the stress of diode in the bridge circuit widely, thus prolonged they useful life, improved the reliability of flow restricter.
7, the present invention has saved grid bias power supply, has formed the passive short circuit fault current limiter, and flow restricter does not cause the line current wave distortion when having guaranteed stable state simultaneously.Inductance in the circuit of the present invention can reduce thermal losses if adopt the superconduction inductance, further reduces the influence of flow restricter to circuit.Simultaneously, the cancellation of grid bias power supply has reduced the flow restricter cost, has improved the reliability of flow restricter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a), Fig. 1 (b), Fig. 1 (c) are the circuit theory schematic diagram of existing short-circuit fault current limiter;
Fig. 2 is the specific embodiment of the invention 1 a circuit theory schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the control principle figure of the specific embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the specific embodiment of the invention 2 circuit theory schematic diagrames;
Fig. 5 is the specific embodiment of the invention 3 circuit theory schematic diagrames.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is further described:
As shown in Figure 2, specific embodiments of the invention 1 are single-phase short-circuit fault current limiter.Flow restricter of the present invention comprises single-phase rectification bridge, current-limiting inductance L, current-limiting resistance R and the solid-state switch K that four diode D1, D2, D3, D4 form.Current-limiting inductance L and current-limiting resistance R series connection, and current-limiting resistance R is in parallel with solid-state switch K.The continuous current circuit that a current-limiting inductance L diode Ds in parallel and resistance R s are composed in series, diode Ds and current-limiting inductance L inverse parallel.SW is a circuit breaker, and Vac is the line alternating current source, and Rload is a load equivalent resistance.Flow restricter of the present invention is connected with AC power Vac, circuit breaker SW, load Rload and is constituted single-phase short-circuit fault current limiter.The circuit fault-free, it is normal state, during the circuit stable state, diode D1, D4 and D2, D3 alternately is in positively biased conducting or afterflow state respectively, it is a constant-current source that electrical network makes its equivalence constantly for current-limiting inductance L charging, can guarantee that flow restricter is by short circuit, the pressure drop at flow restricter two ends is approximately equal to the on-state voltage drop of diode on the brachium pontis, circuit is not impacted, simultaneously, solid-state switch K conducting makes current-limiting resistance R conductively-closed, thereby prevents that current-limiting resistance R from consuming the circuit energy, when the conducting of bridge circuit continuous current circuit, be that power network current is during less than current-limiting inductance L electric current, the voltage of current-limiting inductance L equals the on-state voltage drop of diode on the half-bridge brachium pontis, and is in anti-state partially, with antiparallel diode Ds of current-limiting inductance L and resistance R s conducting, formed the current circuit of L-Ds-Rs-L, realized diode Ds and resistance R s afterflow, reduced the current fluctuation of current-limiting inductance L, thereby reduced the A.C.power loss of current-limiting inductance L current-limiting inductance L.When electrical network is short-circuited fault, if the fault current positive flow is crossed flow restricter, promptly the instantaneous value of fault current equals the current value of current-limiting inductance L, and fault current will pass through D1-L-K-D4, current-limiting inductance L is automatically connected into the circuit current limliting, and D2 and D3 are owing to the anti-cut-off state that is in partially.When the negative value of line current equaled the electric current of current-limiting inductance L, D1 and D4 be owing to the anti-cut-off state that is in partially, D2 and the automatic conducting of D3 simultaneously, and fault current will make current-limiting inductance L be automatically connected into circuit by D2-L-K-D3.D1 and D4 are owing to the anti-cut-off state that is in partially.At this moment, control solid-state switch K turn-offs it, promptly removes the shielding of current-limiting resistance R, forces forward (or oppositely) fault current by D1 (or D2)-L-R-D4 (or D3), thereby current-limiting inductance L and current-limiting resistance R series connection drop into faulty circuit, have increased the current limiting capacity of flow restricter widely.The same during with the circuit fault-free, when power network current during less than current-limiting inductance L electric current, the voltage of current-limiting inductance L equals the on-state voltage drop of diode on the half-bridge brachium pontis, and be in anti-state partially, therefore, with antiparallel diode Ds of current-limiting inductance L and resistance R s conducting, formed the current circuit of L-Ds-Rs-L, realized diode Ds and resistance R s afterflow to current-limiting inductance L, reduced the current fluctuation of current-limiting inductance L, thereby reduced the A.C.power loss of current-limiting inductance L, simultaneously, also limited because current-limiting inductance L goes up possible higher reverse voltage.The common current limliting of inductance and resistance had both limited the peak value of fault current, had limited the steady-state value of fault current again.In case short trouble disappears, control solid-state switch K makes its shutoff, and system is operated in stable state again.Therefore, this circuit can be realized automatic reclosing.
Shown in Fig. 3 (a) and (b), be control logic and the hysteresis comparison control logic of the solid-state switch K in the specific embodiments of the invention 1.I1 is a current limliting inductance L electric current, and Iref is given fault current limit, and S is the control signal of solid-state switch K.Hysteresis comparison control principle is: upper limit ITH and the lower limit ITL of given fault current limit Iref, and when current-limiting inductance electric current I 1 during greater than upper limit ITH, control signal changes high level IOH into; When current-limiting inductance electric current I 1 during less than upper limit ITL, control signal changes low level IOL into.The control logic of solid-state switch K in the short-circuit fault current limiter of the present invention, i.e. the operation principle of short trouble judgement and current-limiting resistance operation/cutting method: during stable state, control signal is high level IOH always, and current-limiting resistance R is by bypass; During fault, when the fault current peak value, be that current-limiting inductance electric current I 1 is when surmounting the upper limit ITH of given fault current limit Iref, control signal S becomes low level IOL by high level IOH, control signal S is added to the drive circuit of solid-state switch K, realize that solid-state switch K turn-offs, current limliting magnet current I1 flows through current-limiting resistance R, thereby has realized current limliting magnet L and the common current limliting of current-limiting resistance R.When through fault current is limit the lower limit ITL of Iref in case fault current falls, control signal S becomes high level IOH by low level IOL, and control signal S is added to the drive circuit of solid-state switch K, realizes solid-state switch K conducting, current-limiting resistance R is by bypass, at this moment system restoration stable state.Usually the value of Iref is about 120% of a current limliting inductance L electric current I 1, and the value of its upper limit ITH and lower limit ITL is respectively 2～5% of current-limiting inductance L electric current I 1.Relatively control by hysteresis and can avoid interference the misoperation that signal causes, improve the reliability of system.
As shown in Figure 4, specific embodiments of the invention 2 are a kind of topology of short-circuit fault current limiter, are characterized in having adopted directly cascaded structure of solid-state switch (IGBT or GTO etc.).By the identical resistance R 1 of n resistance, R2 ..., Rn respectively with solid-state switch (IGBT or GTO etc.) K1, the K2 of n same model ..., the Kn parallel connection, series connection constitutes the switch of current-limiting resistance and control current-limiting resistance switching again, wherein resistance R 1, R2 ..., the Rn equivalence is a current-limiting resistance, solid-state switch (IGBT or GTO etc.) K1, K2 ..., Kn series connection equivalence is a switch, higher voltage is born by the system that can guarantee.Diode D1, D2, D3, D4 form rectifier bridge, and SW is a circuit breaker, and Vac is an AC power, and Rload is a load equivalent resistance.This flow restricter of the present invention and AC power Vac, circuit breaker SW and load Rload are composed in series system.Its current limliting operation principle is identical with example 1 with control logic, and the operation principle of the continuous current circuit of current-limiting inductance L is also identical with example 1.Simultaneously, solid-state switch K1, K2 ..., Kn adopts base stage or grid Pressure and Control, prevents that solid-state switch is subjected to high pressure and punctures.In this circuit topology, since current-limiting inductance L to the restriction of the current changing rate di/dt by current-limiting inductance and resistance R 1, R2 ..., Rn cushioning effect, solid-state switch K1, K2 ..., Kn do not need special buffer circuit, adopts directly series connection.Thereby simplified circuit structure, also reduced the cost of system, improved the reliability of system.Sort circuit is suitable for big-and-middle capacity electric network fault current limliting.
As shown in Figure 5, specific embodiments of the invention 3 are a kind of topology of short-circuit fault current limiter, have been characterized in adopting the mixing cascaded structure of solid-state switch (IGBT or GTO etc.) and thyristor SCR to form switch.At first, solid-state switch IGBT or GTO etc.) and thyristor SCR series connection, and with a resistance R i (i=1 ... n) parallel connection.Then, their parallel circuits is connected again, has constituted the switch of current-limiting resistance and control current-limiting resistance switching.N resistance R 1, R2 ..., the Rn resistance is identical, their equivalences are a current-limiting resistance.The solid-state switch of n same model (IGBT or GTO etc.) K11, K21 ..., Kn1 and n same model thyristor K10, K20 ..., to have constituted equivalence be a switch for Kn0 series connection, higher voltage is born by the system that can guarantee.Diode D1, D2, D3, D4 form rectifier bridge, and SW is a circuit breaker, and Vac is an AC power, and Rload is a load equivalent resistance.Flow restricter and AC power Vac, circuit breaker SW and load Rload are composed in series the flow restricter system.Its current limliting operation principle is identical with example 1 with control logic, and the operation principle of the continuous current circuit of current-limiting inductance L is also identical with example 1.Simultaneously, solid-state switch K11, K21 ..., Kn1 and thyristor K10, K20 ..., Kn0 adopts base stage or grid Pressure and Control, prevents that solid-state switch is subjected to high pressure and punctures.In this circuit topology, since current-limiting inductance L to the restriction of the current changing rate di/dt by current-limiting inductance and resistance R 1, R2 ..., Rn cushioning effect, solid-state switch K11, K21 ..., Kn1 and thyristor K10, K20 ..., Kn0 do not need special buffer circuit, adopts directly series connection.Sort circuit is suitable for big-and-middle capacity electric network fault current limliting.Because thyristor is withstand voltage more higher than solid-state switch (IGBT or GTO etc.), and the switching speed of solid-state switch (IGBT or GTO etc.) is fast, so, solid-state switch that present embodiment adopted and thyristor mix the method for series connection, guaranteed the rapid input of current-limiting resistance better, improve the withstand voltage level of solid-state switch, reduced the number of inline solid state switch.Thereby simplified circuit structure, also reduced the cost of system, improved the reliability of system.
Fault current limiter of the present invention has improved the current limiting capacity of flow restricter, but both fault current limiting peak values, but fault current limiting steady-state value again.And, need not under the prerequisite of grid bias power supply, fault current limiter can not cause the line current distortion when guaranteeing stable state.Therefore, this flow restricter not only has stronger current limiting capacity, and less to the influence of circuit, has improved the stability of circuit widely.
In the single phase system test of a 220V, the current-limiting inductance value is about 10% of original current-limiting inductance, the value of original current-limiting inductance is 2 times of system impedance, current-limiting resistance is about 20% of a system impedance, can guarantee that fault current may be limited to about 40% of original fault current peak value, steady-state value is about 35%.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of short-circuit fault current limiter, comprise the single-phase rectification bridge that diode (D1), (D2), (D3), (D4) form, current-limiting inductance (L) (superconduction inductance or general inductance all can), it is characterized in that: the current-limiting inductance on rectifier bridge (L) is connected with series limiting resistor (R) and switching tube (K) shunt circuit.
2, according to the described short-circuit fault current limiter of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the continuous current circuit of described current-limiting inductance (L) is composed in series by a diode (Ds) and resistance (Rs), wherein, and diode (Ds) and current-limiting inductance (L) inverse parallel.
3, according to claim 1 or 2 described short-circuit fault current limiters, it is characterized in that: short-circuit fault current limiter seals between AC power (Vac) and the load (Rload), constitutes single-phase short-circuit fault current limiter.
4, according to claim 1 or 2 described short-circuit fault current limiters, it is characterized in that: by the identical resistance (R1) of (n) individual resistance, (R2) ..., (Rn) respectively with the solid-state switch (K1) of (n) individual same model, (K2) ..., (Kn) parallel connection, series connection constitutes the switch of current-limiting resistance and control current-limiting resistance switching thereof again; Resistance (R1), (R2) ..., (Rn) equivalence be current-limiting resistance, solid-state switch (K1), (K2) ..., (Kn) adopt base stage or grid Pressure and Control, equivalence is the switch of control current-limiting resistance switching.
5, according to the described short-circuit fault current limiter of claim 3, it is characterized in that: by the identical resistance (R1) of (n) individual resistance, (R2) ..., (Rn) respectively with the solid-state switch (K1) of (n) individual same model, (K2) ..., (Kn) parallel connection, series connection constitutes the switch of current-limiting resistance and control current-limiting resistance switching thereof again; Resistance (R1), (R2) ..., (Rn) equivalence be current-limiting resistance, solid-state switch (K1), (K2) ..., (Kn) adopt base stage or grid Pressure and Control, equivalence is the switch of control current-limiting resistance switching.
6, according to any one described short-circuit fault current limiters of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the direct mixing cascaded structure that has adopted solid-state switch such as IGBT, GTO and SCR, at first, solid-state switch and a thyristor SCR series connection, and with a resistance (Ri (i=1 ... n)) parallel connection; Then, their parallel circuits is connected again, has constituted the switch of current-limiting resistance and control current-limiting resistance switching thereof; (n) individual resistance (R1), (R2) ..., (Rn) equivalence is a current-limiting resistance; (n) switching tube of individual same model (K11), (K21) ..., (Kn1) and (n) thyristor of individual same model (K10), (K20) ..., (Kn0) series connection constituted solid-state switch (K); Solid-state switch (K11), (K21) ..., (Kn1) and thyristor (K10), (K20) ..., (Kn0) adopt base stage or grid Pressure and Control, their equivalences are the switch of a control current-limiting resistance switching.
7, according to any one described short-circuit fault current limiter of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the direct mixing cascaded structure that has adopted solid-state switch such as IGBT, GTO and SCR, at first, solid-state switch and a thyristor SCR series connection, and with a resistance (Ri (i=1 ... n)) parallel connection; Then, their parallel circuits is connected again, has constituted the switch of current-limiting resistance and control current-limiting resistance switching thereof; (n) individual resistance (R1), (R2) ..., (Rn) equivalence is a current-limiting resistance; (n) switching tube of individual same model (K11), (K21) ..., (Kn1) and (n) thyristor of individual same model (K10), (K20) ..., (Kn0) series connection constituted solid-state switch (K); Solid-state switch (K11), (K21) ..., (Kn1) and thyristor (K10), (K20) ..., (Kn0) adopt base stage or grid Pressure and Control, their equivalences are the switch of a control current-limiting resistance switching.
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| CN112436724A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-03-02 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Current conversion device and assembly thereof, reactive power compensation device, current converter and control method thereof |
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2005
- 2005-02-07 CN CNA2005100075371A patent/CN1756021A/en active Pending
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