CN1741963A - Process for producing slush nitrogen and apparatus therefor - Google Patents
Process for producing slush nitrogen and apparatus therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1741963A CN1741963A CNA2004800028001A CN200480002800A CN1741963A CN 1741963 A CN1741963 A CN 1741963A CN A2004800028001 A CNA2004800028001 A CN A2004800028001A CN 200480002800 A CN200480002800 A CN 200480002800A CN 1741963 A CN1741963 A CN 1741963A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Abstract
A process for producing slush nitrogen, comprising charging a low-temperature container with liquid nitrogen and arranging an ejector capable of drawing out liquid nitrogen by suction by spewing a refrigerant liquid or gas, such as low-temperature helium gas or liquid helium of pressure higher than in the space within the container, into the container so that the liquid nitrogen drawn out by suction by the refrigerant and spewed together with the refrigerant is refrigerated by the refrigerant, becomes particulate solid nitrogen and falls, while discharging the gas lying in the space within the container outside the container so as to constantly maintain the space at atmospheric pressure or higher. Further, there is provided a method of refrigerating a superconductive object including a substance exhibiting a superconductive state at temperatures close to the temperature of liquid nitrogen or close to the temperature at which the liquid nitrogen and the solid nitrogen coexist, characterized in that the object is immersed in slush nitrogen held in an adiabatic container so as to effect contact of the object with slush nitrogen and refrigeration thereof.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of slurry (that is method of the solids concn of) method and device, a kind of estimated nitrogen slurry, nitrogen slurry (slushnitrogen), and a kind of method that is used to cool off the nitrogen slurry of producing liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen mixture.
Background technology
Liquid nitrogen is widely used as refrigerant.When using the jelly shape mixture of solid nitrogen and liquid nitrogen, the cooling power of its density and unit mass increases, thereby this mixture becomes effective refrigerant.But, do not set up the method that is used for producing economically the nitrogen slurry that contains solid nitrogen with all even subparticle size.
Compare with liquid nitrogen, the nitrogen slurry has the ability of excellent absorption thermal load, because used the fusion latent heat of solid nitrogen, so nitrogen slurry can be used to cool off the power transmission cable that is used for high-temperature superconductor and high-temperature superconducting device for example magnet, current-limiting apparatus and transformer etc. effectively.In addition, utilize the characteristic of the cooling power increase of density and unit mass, the jelly shape mixture of solid hydrogen and liquid hydrogen has caused concern as the space shuttle fuel in a kind of future, and its production method and device obtain exploitation.
The production method of hydrogen slurry has (1) spray method, and solidify-scorification and (3) helium cold method (2).In spray method (1), when being decompressed to low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (cryostat) below the 50mmHg and spraying liquid hydrogen to container, liquid particle loses vaporization heat, makes temperature reduce and generation solid hydrogen particle.Solidifying-scorification in (2), when using vacuum pump to reduce pressure to the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel that liquid hydrogen is housed, owing to lose vaporization heat, hydrogen comes out from the liquid surface evaporation of liquid hydrogen, produces solid hydrogen on the liquid level of liquid hydrogen.Use mechanical means comminuted solids hydrogen to obtain the hydrogen slurry.In helium cold method (3), liquid hydrogen is charged in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel that wherein is furnished with interchanger, add the helium that temperature is lower than 18-13K, by cooling liqs hydrogen on interchanger it is solidified.Use mechanical means to scrape solidified hydrogen to obtain hydrogen slurry (seeing Japanese Heisei era examined patent publication JP06-241647).
Japanese Heisei era examined patent publication JP08-285420 discloses a kind of method of producing the hydrogen slurry, wherein generates solid hydrogen and add liquid hydrogen in container by liquid hydrogen being blown into the decompression low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, and stir content with the agitator that is the container setting.In addition, be used to produce the method for hydrogen slurry below Japanese Heisei era examined patent publication JP08-283001 discloses.When introducing hydrogen the container that is filled with liquid helium bottom low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, when hydrogen rose in liquid helium, cooled hydrogen was so that its curing.Although liquid helium is evaporated, if continue to introduce hydrogen, discharge the helium of evaporation simultaneously, then container almost is full of by solid hydrogen.Then, liquid hydrogen is charged in the container to obtain the hydrogen slurry.By this method, the pressure that keeps internal tank is greater than normal atmosphere, thereby air can not enter container from the outside, and because the quenching that liquid helium causes, the solid hydrogen particle in the hydrogen that the obtains slurry is uniform subparticle.
Japanese Heisei era examined patent publication JP06-281321 discloses a kind of method and apparatus that is used to produce the hydrogen slurry, wherein use cooling heat solidified liquid hydrogen on the refrigerative solid surface of the liquid helium in the liquid hydrogen in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (cryostat), thereby produce a large amount of hydrogen slurries continuously by in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, dispelling the refrigerative liquid hydrogen thus.
Although in aforesaid method, use liquid nitrogen rather than liquid hydrogen to obtain the nitrogen slurry, all there is following problem in every kind of method.In spray method (1), owing to liquid hydrogen (when producing the nitrogen slurry is liquid nitrogen) is blown in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel of finding time, so air may enter the container from the outside.Solidifying-scorification in (2), because the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel inner pressure relief, air may enter container from the outside, and has the big and uneven shortcoming of solid hydrogen particle.In helium cold method (3), the particle of solid hydrogen also is big and uneven, and needs specific interchanger.
For JP08-285420, when liquid hydrogen was blown in the decompression cooling vessel, air may enter from the outside.Because liquid helium boiling point under atmospheric pressure is 4.22K and the fusing point of solid hydrogen is 13.83K, therefore, if the bore dia that blows that is blown into nozzle that will immerse for the method for using JP08-283001 obtains the subparticle of solid hydrogen in the liquid helium is done for a short time, then be cooled to blowing the hole and may being stopped up of the following nozzle of the fusing point of solid hydrogen by solid hydrogen.Because the fusing point of solid nitrogen is 63.17K, be far longer than the fusing point of solid hydrogen, if therefore use this method to produce solid nitrogen, unless the diameter of nozzle bore and flow volume are very big, otherwise nozzle can be blocked, thereby cause stably obtaining the subparticle of solid nitrogen.
The purpose of above-mentioned prior art all is to produce the hydrogen slurry; And used the refrigerant (helium) that is different from the purpose material.Even use this technology to be used to produce nitrogen slurry, when the helium that uses by condensation more as refrigerant, need liquefying plant, and temperature must be lower than the liquefaction temperature of nitrogen or hydrogen, device becomes big and production cost improves thus.
Now also there is not suitable method to be used for the solid nitrogen concentration of estimated nitrogen slurry.If the nitrogen slurry flows, then can measure concentration by mass flowmeter.Owing to remove non-current could the measurement, therefore need be used for the mobile device.In addition, in order to use under extremely low temperature, needing increases adiabatic apparatus, and this causes high production cost.In addition, owing to, nitrogen is mixed, therefore be difficult to this device of long-time operation or the high performance device of needs in device for the helium that liquefies.
Simultaneously, owing to need to keep temperature to be lower than the critical temperature of material, to activate superconducting coil, hyperconductive cable or other are in the material of superconducting state, therefore conventionally be to make its cooling (for example, see JP06-77541, JP09-283321) by object being immersed in the liquid helium (b.p.4.2K), yet, carrying out along with the research and development of superconducting material has been found that and used the material with high critical temperature, and its cooling temperature uprises.Because the appearance of high temperature superconducting materia can use liquid nitrogen (b.p.77K) to replace expensive liquid helium, thereby liquid nitrogen becomes and is particularly conducive to actual use.
When by superconducting device being immersed when using liquid nitrogen that it is cooled off in the liquid nitrogen, produced multiple conception, with by preventing from liquid nitrogen, to form bubble, because bubble can the deterioration heat-insulating property by means of the heat that produces because of the AC loss or by the heat that the outside enters.For example with cooled with liquid nitrogen to the boiling point of liquid nitrogen with the use of getting off, improve boiling point or two kinds of methods combined by pressurization.But the cooling fusing point is the liquid nitrogen of 63K and the solidified temperature does not take place is limited to best 65K.The upper limit before the boiling is about 75K.This just means can carry out the fluctuation that the refrigerative temperature range has 10 degree by the enthalpy (sensible heat) of liquid nitrogen.Because the specific heat of liquid nitrogen is 2kJ/kg, so the thermal capacitance of the enthalpy of the liquid nitrogen of representation unit liquid nitrogen quality only is 20kJ/kg.And in fact, the performance of the superconductor that is cooled usually ratio under near the temperature liquid nitrogen zero pour is more stable under near the temperature liquid nitrogen boiling point.
More specifically,, therefore, need a large amount of liquid nitrogen be used for cooling (discharging heat) because it is narrow and thermal capacitance is little to utilize the enthalpy of the liquid nitrogen that is in liquid state to carry out the refrigerative temperature range, big thereby the volume of superconducting device becomes.If use this method that cooling temperature is elevated to about boiling point, then the performance of superconducting device is limited to this temperature.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems referred to above that above-mentioned prior art exists, made the present invention.The purpose of this invention is to provide the method and apparatus of producing the nitrogen slurry, it is brand-new and simple for producing the nitrogen slurry, and a kind of method that is used for the solids concn of estimated nitrogen slurry is provided.Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of using a small amount of refrigerant effectively to cool off superconductor at low temperatures, wherein uses the superconducting material that shows superconducting state under the coexistence temperature of solid and liquid nitrogen.
In order to address the above problem, the contriver has proposed following invention.
According to the present invention, the method that is used to produce the nitrogen slurry is characterised in that, liquid nitrogen is charged in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel; In this container, arrange injector, this injector by blowing pressure and being higher than atmospheric refrigerant (liquid or gas) thus for example low temperature helium or liquid helium suck liquid nitrogen; The solid nitrogen subparticle that the liquid nitrogen that uses coolant cools to be blowed with refrigerant falls with formation; Gas in the vessel space is emitted with the pressure that keeps vessel space from container greater than normal atmosphere.
At gaseous coolant for example in the atmosphere of helium, wherein keep its pressure a little more than normal atmosphere, by injector liquid nitrogen is sucked and is blown in the atmosphere of gaseous coolant, liquid helium or cryogenic gaseous helium are its working fluids in injector, thus by in the scatterer of injector part or after leaving scatterer with the cooling fluid or the cold gas collision of working fluid or mix, thereby cool off the liquid nitrogen that is blown into so that its curing.Therefore, produce solid nitrogen with little and uniform grain sizes.Because solid nitrogen has the proportion bigger than the gas in the atmosphere, so solid nitrogen drops to the container bottom in action of gravity, and mixes to generate nitrogen with liquid nitrogen and to starch.If working fluid is a cooling fluid, then by making the nitrogen in the container lose heat and evaporative cooling liquid.Because the temperature that charges into the liquid nitrogen of container bottom is higher than the temperature of container atmosphere, so liquid nitrogen vaporization, thereby the gas in the atmosphere becomes the mixed gas of cooling gas and nitrogen, always it is emitted, and has greater than atmospheric constant pressure to keep internal tank.Therefore, air can not enter container.Thereby utilize this mixed gas again by mixed gas being separated into refrigerant and nitrogen.Helium, hydrogen and neon can be used as refrigerant.
According to the present invention, be used for controlling the granularity of solid nitrogen by change to the pressure of injector supply refrigerant.When pressure increased, the speed that blows out from the nozzle of injector became big, makes that the liquid nitrogen particle that is inhaled into is thinner, has the more solid nitrogen of small grain size thereby generate.And, change the diameter of nozzle bore and itself and speed combination can be controlled large-scale granularity.
In addition, thereby in order to prevent to solidify the scatterer part accumulated solids nitrogen at injector, the scatterer part of preferred heated injectors.Because nitrogen fusing point under atmospheric pressure is 63.17K, than refrigerant for example the boiling point of helium (helium, hydrogen and neon boiling point under atmospheric pressure is respectively 4.22K, 20.28K and 27.09K), the fusing point of nitrogen is high, therefore, the solid nitrogen that solidifies is bonded at the scatterer part, thereby makes the channel narrows and the blocking channel of scatterer, preferably according to circumstances adds heat diffuser.
In addition, by arranging two injectors and, preferably the solid nitrogen that generates being made subparticle by making jet (jetstream) collision mutually from the scatterer of injector.Therefore, and compare by making mixing jet from the refrigerant of injector scatterer and liquid nitrogen collide the single jet that obtains mutually, the solid nitrogen of generation can be made thinner particle.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the device of production nitrogen slurry comprises the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel that can charge into liquid nitrogen in it; Be arranged in the injector in the container and be used for evacuated vessel spatial device, wherein be used to supply the working fluid of injector, the pipeline that leads to external container links to each other with the working fluid mouth of injector, the pipe that near the being used to arrival container bottom sucks liquid nitrogen links to each other with the fluid suction port of injector, suck the storage liquid nitrogen by being used to suck the pipe of desiring the liquid nitrogen that blowed with refrigerant, cooling curing, and by pipeline to injector supply liquid or gas coolant for example liquid helium or low temperature helium and by blowing described refrigerant, make the storage liquid nitrogen fall into the storage liquid nitrogen with the form of liquid nitrogen subparticle, wherein said pipeline is used for providing working fluid to injector, and the pressure of described liquid or gas coolant is higher than vessel space pressure.
According to the present invention, at the device that is used for to the pipeline side configuration adjustment pressure of injector supplying working fluid, this device changes the refrigerant supply pressure that puts on injector.
According to the present invention, at the scatterer of injector heating unit is set partly, be used to prevent to solidify and at the scatterer part accumulated solids nitrogen of injector.
According to the present invention, by arranging two injectors and, the solid nitrogen that generates being made subparticle by the jet from the scatterer of injector is collided mutually.
According to the present invention, whipping appts is set, be used for not hindering the solid nitrogen that solidifies that drops on storage liquid nitrogen surface to enter in the storage liquid nitrogen.
According to the present invention, be provided for preventing to fall into the settled whipping appts of solid nitrogen of storage liquid nitrogen, with its mixture of uniform mixing.
According to the present invention, the method of producing the nitrogen slurry is characterised in that, the gas phase of the liquid nitrogen in the heat-insulated container is reduced pressure, and is in the nitrogen of liquid phase with evaporation, thereby by reducing the triple point that temperature that temperature makes nitrogen reaches nitrogen thus, and produce solid nitrogen by remaining on this triple point; Change the solid nitrogen that obtains into slurry by the content that stirs heat-insulated container.
According to the present invention, stir the liquid level part of liquid nitrogen and the bottom of heat-insulated container respectively.
Make the liquid nitrogen in the heat-insulated container lose vaporization heat (199.1kJ/kg), so that it solidifies (curing latent heat is 25.73kJ/kg) at fluid surface, thus the thin layer of growth solid nitrogen.Since solid not with liquid mixing, therefore, then for example agitating vane is arranged near the liquid level to stir and to cause air turbulence (turbulence) on the liquid level if allow, make that solidified nitrogen is broken and density is sunk in the liquid greater than the solid nitrogen of liquid nitrogen.When solid nitrogen sinks and liquid level when upgrading, the further evaporation of carrying out liquid level continues, thereby generates solid nitrogen continuously.
Solid nitrogen by means of the large-scale agitating vane caballing that is arranged on container bottom.The macroparticle of solid nitrogen is collision mutually repeatedly, forms the subparticle and the paste-like fluid of liquid and solid uniform mixing (changing slurry into) wherein.
According to another aspect of the invention, the device of production nitrogen slurry comprises: the heat-insulated container that liquid nitrogen is housed; Be connected to container top to reduce the reliever of container internal pressure; Can stir the whipping appts of the content of heat-insulated container; And temperature-detecting device, this device is characterised in that, the pressure that reduces the liquid nitrogen in the container by reliever is with vaporized nitrogen, thereby reaches the triple point of nitrogen and generate solid nitrogen by reducing the temperature that temperature makes nitrogen thus; Thereby change the solid nitrogen that generates into slurry by the solid nitrogen that uses the whipping appts stirring to obtain.
According to the present invention, the device of producing the nitrogen slurry comprises: the heat-insulated container that liquid nitrogen is housed; Be connected to container top to reduce the reliever of container internal pressure; Can stir the whipping appts of the content of heat-insulated container; Temperature-detecting device; And be used to carry out macroscopic window, and this device is characterised in that, the pressure that reduces the liquid nitrogen in the container by reliever is with vaporized nitrogen, thereby reaches the triple point of nitrogen and obtain solid nitrogen by reducing the temperature that temperature makes nitrogen thus; By using whipping appts to stir the solid nitrogen that generates, change the solid nitrogen that generates into slurry.
According to the present invention, whipping appts comprises the device that is used to stir the device of liquid nitrogen liquid level and is used to stir the heat-insulated container bottom.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, the simple method that is used for the solids concn of estimated nitrogen slurry is characterised in that, when estimating the solids concn of the nitrogen slurry that obtains by aforesaid method, the volume of nitrogen slurry is to obtain the solids concn of nitrogen slurry when measuring the volume of nitrogen slurry when temperature reaches triple point and operating terminal point.
Because the density of described liquid when triple point is 868.4kg/m
3And the density of described solid when triple point is 946kg/m
3, therefore, if the volume of nitrogen slurry just can access and generates nitrogen slurry solid nitrogen concentration afterwards when determining the volume of when temperature reaches triple point nitrogen slurry and operation terminal point.
If spirit-leveling instrument is arranged in the heat-insulated container and measures level height at that time, then by the value that records and the easiest volume that obtains of cross-sectional area of container.
According to the present invention, used near the material that liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen coexistence temperature, shows superconducting state in the method that is used for cooling off superconductor, the method that is used to cool off superconductor is characterised in that, the nitrogen slurry is flowed in instlated tubular; Superconductor is put into mobile nitrogen slurry; And superconductor is contacted so that its cooling with the nitrogen slurry.
Because nitrogen slurry is the mixture of solid nitrogen and liquid nitrogen, so this mixture demonstrates the temperature near the solid nitrogen fusing point, and again because the nitrogen slurry is a fluid, so it can moistening well solids surface, makes liquid infiltration narrow slit and the thermal conductivity that shows; And the fusion latent heat with solid nitrogen of 25kJ/kg can be used for cooling.Therefore, its cooling performance is higher than 12.5 times of enthalpy of liquid nitrogen; As long as solid nitrogen exists, the temperature of nitrogen slurry refrigerant just can not be elevated to more than about 63K, and therefore the superconduction physical efficiency that is dipped into is maintained under the low temperature.
Even after stopping delivery of nitrogen slurry refrigerant, because its fusion latent heat, superconductor still can keep certain hour at low temperatures, so the reliability of system improves.
According to the present invention, superconductor is immersed in the nitrogen slurry that is contained in the heat-insulated container, stir the nitrogen slurry that is contained in the heat-insulated container simultaneously.Because the proportion of nitrogen slurry is greater than liquid nitrogen, the solid nitrogen in the nitrogen slurry has settled trend.Therefore, the granule density of preferred homogenizing slurry, and produce the effect that the heat-transfer film of cooling body is upgraded in pressure.
According to the present invention, used near the material that liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen coexistence temperature, shows superconducting state in the method that is used for cooling off superconductor, the method that is used to cool off superconductor is characterised in that, the nitrogen slurry is flowed in instlated tubular; Superconductor is put into mobile nitrogen slurry; And superconductor is contacted so that its cooling with the nitrogen slurry.
This method for the long object of cooling for example hyperconductive cable be effectively, and this method has because the mixing effect that flows and cause, thus this method has particle precipitation that prevents in the slurry and the effect of forcing to upgrade heat-transfer film.
According to a further aspect in the invention, used near the material that liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen coexistence temperature, shows superconducting state at the device that is used for cooling off superconductor, the device that is used to cool off superconductor is characterised in that, is provided with heat-insulated container, is kept at nitrogen slurry in the container and the entrance and exit that is used for object is immersed the nitrogen slurry.
For this intermittent type refrigerating unit, also be provided with into the hole and portal, wherein enter the hole and can introduce fresh nitrogen slurry with high concentrated, solid nitrogen, portal and be used to discharge nitrogen slurry or liquid nitrogen, concentration is owing to providing latent heat to be liquefied to cooling object, the solid nitrogen concentration step-down of nitrogen slurry or be zero can upgrade slurry or liquid in the container in the suitable time thus.In addition, introduce fresh nitrogen slurry and with the nitrogen slurry of identical speed amount discharge container inside concentration, make to continue the cooling performance that keeps predetermined with the balance solid nitrogen with given speed.
Refrigerating unit links to each other in the device of producing the nitrogen slurry.Use to produce the device of nitrogen slurry, increase discharge from portalling of refrigerating unit, concentration step-down or be zero the nitrogen slurry or the solid nitrogen concentration of liquid nitrogen, and send nitrogen slurry or liquid nitrogen back to refrigerating unit to keep cooling power constant.
According to the present invention, the device that is used for cooling off superconductor also comprises the agitator that is used to stir the nitrogen slurry that is kept at container.
According to the present invention, used near the material that liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen coexistence temperature, shows superconducting state at the device that is used for cooling off superconductor, the device that is used to cool off superconductor is characterised in that, this device comprise can put into object carry out the refrigerative instlated tubular, be used for making the nitrogen slurry at instlated tubular mobile device, be used for object is put into entrance and exit that the pipe neutralization takes out from pipe, is enough to starch at pipe mobile nitrogen at least, wherein object is put into mobile nitrogen slurry, and contacted so that its cooling with the nitrogen slurry.
Being used to make nitrogen slurry mobile device can be to form the device that circulates, wherein hydraulic transmission for example pump be connected between the downstream end or downstream part of the upstream extremity of pipe or upstream portion and pipe.With hydraulic transmission for example pump be connected to the upstream extremity or the upstream portion of pipe, by pressure delivery of nitrogen slurry, and the nitrogen slurry taken out from downstream end or downstream part so that it flows pipe is feasible.For the hydraulic transmission of latter event, it can be by gravity effusive device from the jar that is arranged in the position that is higher than pipe.
For the structure that forms cycling stream, certain position in circulation line is provided with the intake that can introduce the fresh nitrogen slurry with high solids concn, more lean on another point in downstream that discharging is set at intake and have the nitrogen slurry of low solid nitrogen concentration or the discharge outlet of liquid nitrogen than circulation line, the discharging of the introducing of wherein fresh nitrogen slurry and NITROGEN IN LOW CONCENTRATION slurry or liquid nitrogen keeps balance, to keep cooling power constant.
Refrigerating unit links to each other with the device that is used to produce the nitrogen slurry.By means of the device of producing the nitrogen slurry, increase discharge from the discharge outlet of refrigerating unit, solid nitrogen concentration step-down or be zero the nitrogen slurry or the solid nitrogen concentration of liquid nitrogen, and send nitrogen slurry or liquid nitrogen back to refrigerating unit, to keep cooling power constant by intake.
As mentioned above, effect of the present invention is summarized as follows.
Because use the present invention of injector to produce solid nitrogen or nitrogen slurry in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel at normal atmosphere or under a little more than atmospheric pressure, therefore, air can not be sneaked into container from the outside in process of production.
And owing to cool off liquid nitrogen and generate solid nitrogen when using injector acutely to mix liquid nitrogen and refrigerant, therefore, the solid nitrogen of generation has meticulous and uniform particle diameter.
In addition, can change the particle diameter of the solid nitrogen of generation by the diameter that changes supply pressure and/or coolant jet, described refrigerant is the power transmitting fluids of injector.
In addition,, prevent that the solid nitrogen that solidifies is bonded at the scatterer part, thereby diffuser channel is narrowed down and blocking channel by the scatterer part of heated injectors.
Can be by arranging two injectors Face to face and, the solid nitrogen that generates being made subparticle by the jet from the injector scatterer is collided mutually.
Can prevent because the liquid level that the contact cooling agent causes solidifies by the liquid level that stirs liquid nitrogen.
Relating to the effect of the present invention of producing the solid nitrogen in nitrogen slurry and the estimated nitrogen slurry is summarized as follows.
According to foregoing of the present invention,, therefore need not to install the device that large-scale plant for example recompresses refrigerant owing to do not use nitrogen refrigerant in addition.Therefore, can not use this large-scale plant and produce than the more effective nitrogen of liquid nitrogen slurry as Cooling and Heat Source (cold heat source).
According to foregoing of the present invention, can not use special device to estimate the concentration of solid nitrogen.
In addition, relating to use nitrogen slurry refrigerative effect of the present invention is summarized as follows.
According to foregoing of the present invention, use the nitrogen slurry cooling temperature can be reduced to the zero pour (63K) of nitrogen.Therefore, be cheap although compare with liquid helium, the range of choice of superconducting material broadens or can keep superconductivity stable.
Owing to use the nitrogen slurry with slurry state, the paste-like refrigerant can flow into crevice and can moistening well cooling object surface, and this has produced good thermal conduction characteristic.
Because by using the nitrogen slurry to utilize the fusion latent heat of solid nitrogen, so its cooling performance is to use 12.5 times of effect of the enthalpy of unit mass refrigerant liquid nitrogen.Therefore, need can become littler thereby install than the situation refrigerant still less that uses liquid nitrogen.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional view that is arranged in the injector in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.
Fig. 2 is the figure of pipeline that expression is provided with the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel of injector.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the situation of two injector face opposites settings of expression.
Fig. 4 is the figure that the nozzle of expression two injectors shown in Figure 3 is tilted to down the situation of arranging.
Fig. 5 is the schematic representation of apparatus of second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the schematic representation of apparatus of the 4th embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the schematic representation of apparatus of the 5th embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail by embodiment below with reference to the accompanying drawings.But should be appreciated that in the specific embodiments that for example the description about size, material category, structure and element positioned opposite etc. is not to attempt to limit the invention to disclosed specific form,, its objective is for open unless specifically describe in addition
Embodiment.
First embodiment
Fig. 1 is the sectional view that is arranged in the injector in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.As shown in Figure 1, injector 1 comprises nozzle 2 and the exterior circular column 3 with scatterer part 3a.Nozzle 2 stretches into the internal space 4 of exterior circular column 3.Supply liquid or gas coolant as shown by arrow A, and blow to scatterer part 3a from jet hole 2a.As shown by arrow B, will be contained in liquid nitrogen the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel space 4 that absorbs, and be blown into the internal space of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel with the refrigerant of the scatterer part 3a that flows through from the suction port 3b of exterior circular column 3.At the outer setting well heater 5 of scatterer part 3a, also fixed thereon to prevent that solid nitrogen from solidifying.
Fig. 2 is the figure of pipeline that expression is provided with the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel of injector.Fig. 3 is the figure of the situation of two injector face opposites settings of expression.Fig. 4 is the figure that the nozzle of expression two injectors shown in Figure 3 is tilted to down the situation of arranging.In Fig. 2-4, identical symbolic representation components identical.
In Fig. 2, liquid nitrogen 11 is charged into low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 10.From the liquid nitrogen supply line 13 supply liquid nitrogen 11 that have valve.By having the injector working fluid supply line 14 of valve, nozzle 2 supply coolants of the injector 1 in being arranged in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 10 are liquid helium or low temperature helium for example.As refrigerant,, can use neon or hydrogen except helium.To have vacuum pump 16 and valve find time pipeline 15 and have valve, be used to keep the pipeline 17 of finding time to couple together a little more than atmospheric pressure.The bottom of liquid nitrogen tail pipe 18 that is connected to the suction port 3b of injector 1 is immersed in the liquid nitrogen.
When charging into liquid nitrogen in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel and sealed vessel and the pipeline 15 of finding time when reducing pressure through having vacuum pump 16 and valve, liquid nitrogen vaporization, and because vaporization heat causes the temperature of liquid nitrogen to reduce.When liquid nitrogen temperature reaches fusing point under the normal atmosphere, promptly about 65K (a little more than solidification value), supply liquid helium or low temperature helium with the internal pressure that increases container to normal atmosphere or a little more than normal atmosphere.Can come supply coolant by injector working fluid supply line 14 and injector 1.When with a little more than the pressure of container pressure during continuously to injector 1 supply coolant, liquid nitrogen 11 is inhaled into the suction port 3b of injector 1 by tail pipe 18 under the effect of the coolant jet that the jet hole 2a from nozzle 2 blows out, and be blown into space 12 by scatterer part 3a with refrigerant.After scatterer partly comes out, liquid nitrogen mixes with the refrigerant sharp impacts and with it at scatterer part 3a place, thereby is cooled and forms the solid nitrogen subparticle of the diameter with suitable homogeneous.Solid nitrogen has and is far longer than the proportion that charges into the coolant gas in the space 12, thereby falls under action of gravity.Supply causes forming in the container high pressure as the refrigerant coolant gas that generation increases in container of working fluid.Therefore, in order to keep pressure in the space 12 a little more than normal atmosphere, the gas from the pipeline 17 continuous blow-down spaces 12 of finding time.
When cryogenic coolant contacted the upper surface of liquid nitrogen 11, liquid level solidified, thereby solid nitrogen can not mix with following liquid nitrogen.Therefore, the motor 20 that will be used to stir is arranged near the liquid level of liquid nitrogen 11, thereby prevents that by stirring liquid level liquid level from solidifying.Be arranged in liquid nitrogen motor 21 11 bottoms, that be used to stir and be and be used to mix liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen and change it into slurry.
Perhaps, after the pipeline 15 of finding time through having vacuum pump 16 and valve vacuumizes container, charge into refrigerant for example liquid helium or low temperature helium, and charge into liquid nitrogen by liquid nitrogen supply line 13 by injector working fluid supply line 14.Charging into liquid nitrogen makes pressure in the container equal normal atmosphere or a little more than normal atmosphere.Refrigerant for example liquid helium evaporates immediately and takes up space 12, and liquid nitrogen is assembled in the bottom of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 10.Then, pass through nozzle 2 supply coolants of injector working fluid supply line 14 with the pressure that is higher than container 10, to above-mentioned similar to injector 1.
Liquid nitrogen temperature in the container 10 is higher than the gas temperature in the space 12.Nitrogen is from the surface portion evaporation of liquid nitrogen 11, and the gas in the space 12 becomes the mixture of coolant gas and nitrogen.By the gas delivery that will emit from the pipeline 17 of finding time is coolant gas and nitrogen, thereby utilizes this gas again.Continuing this operation, the mixture of liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen---the nitrogen slurry accumulates in the bottom of container 10, and finally has only solid nitrogen to assemble.In the suitable time, by having the outfall pipeline discharging nitrogen slurry of valve 19.Can starch by continuous production nitrogen by the supply of balance liquid nitrogen and the growing amount of solid nitrogen.In the bottom of tail pipe 18 strainer 18a is set, is used to prevent to suck solid nitrogen.Although be provided with an injector as shown in Figure 2, nature can be provided with a plurality of injectors.
Fig. 3 shows the situation of arranging two injectors 1 and 1 ' in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 10 face-to-face.By at injector working fluid supply line 14 downstream parts fork, be working gas to injector 1 and 1 ' supply coolant.Strainer 18a and 18 ' a are set in the bottom of tail pipe 18 and 18 ', and it is immersed in the liquid nitrogen 11.
Arrange scatterer part 3a and the 3a ' of two injectors 1 and 1 ' Face to face, make that C ' pulverizes the solid nitrogen that generates subtly by two jet C of mutual collision.Other operations are similar to situation shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 4 is the figure that expression two injectors 1,1 ' shown in Figure 3 are tilted to down the situation of arranging.Therefore, the liquid nitrogen of generation falls easily.
As mentioned above, although illustrated that according to the present invention the example of producing the nitrogen slurry, aforesaid method also can be used in production hydrogen slurry.
Second embodiment
Fig. 5 is the schematic representation of apparatus of second embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 5, the 104th, heat-insulated container; The 102nd, be contained in the liquid nitrogen in the container; The 109th, be used for the vacuum pump (reliever) that gaseous substance is reduced pressure; The 108th, can detect the thermometer (temperature measuring equipment) of triple point; The 107th, can measure the spirit-leveling instrument of current volume cost; The 103rd, can smash the agitating vane (being used to stir the device of liquid level part) of cured solid nitrogen piece on liquid level; The 105th, can further pulverize the bottom agitating vane (be used to stir bottom device) of settled solid nitrogen.
Liquid nitrogen 102 is stored in the heat-insulated container 104, uses the gas phase decompression of vacuum pump 109 as internal tank.When reducing pressure, liquid nitrogen vaporization and since vaporization heat cause the temperature of liquid nitrogen to reduce gradually.
When making content reach the triple point of nitrogen, begin to generate solid nitrogen by continuing to reduce pressure.Record temperature and be not less than 63.1K by observe inside or use temperature meter 108 from window 106, confirm to reach triple point.When reaching the triple point of nitrogen, close vacuum pump 109, use spirit-leveling instrument 107 measurement levels.Afterwards, open vacuum pump 109 and rotate agitating vane 103,105.
By decompression, on the whole liquid level of liquid nitrogen, generate solid nitrogen slightly.If stay these solid nitrogens, thereby then the solid nitrogen suction port that upwards is drawn to vacuum pump 109 leaves liquid, generates the next batch solid nitrogen in this space.Agitating vane 103 is set near liquid level.Stir liquid level by operation agitating vane 103, the solid nitrogen 101 of generation is deposited in the liquid.Because the density of solid nitrogen 101 is greater than liquid nitrogen, so solid nitrogen is deposited in the bottom.Agitating vane 105 mixes settled solid nitrogen 101 and liquid nitrogen 102, to obtain paste-like nitrogen slurry.
The 3rd embodiment
The embodiment of estimated nitrogen slurry concentration then, is described.With the vaporization heat of nitrogen, solidify volume when the triple point of latent heat, liquid nitrogen density, solid nitrogen density, nitrogen, the solid nitrogen volume of the liquid nitrogen analog value of the volume of the nitrogen after generating the nitrogen slurry, vaporized nitrogen gas volume, evaporation, enter the heat of heat-insulated container and generate the time that the nitrogen slurry consumes and be expressed as H respectively
v(kJ/kg), H
s(kJ/kg), M
l(kg/m
3), M
s(kg/m
3), V
s(m
3), V
f(m
3), X
v(m
3), X
s(m
3), Q (kW) and T (s).
By law of conservation of energy,
H
v×M
l×X
v＝H
s×M
s×X
s+Q×T (1)
By mass conservation law,
V
s×M
l＝(V
f-X
s)×M
l+X
s×M
s+X
v×M
l (2).
Obtain Xv and Xs by above-mentioned simultaneous equations, the equation below the value substitution that obtains is starched concentration (IPF) to obtain nitrogen.
IPF＝X
s×M
s/((V
f-X
s)×M
l+X
s×M
s)
By the vaporization heat of prior measurement liquid nitrogen, can obtain introducing the heat Q in the heat-insulated container.But,, therefore it can be omitted because it accounts for the small portion of the nitrogen of evaporation.
The 4th embodiment
Fig. 6 is the schematic representation of apparatus of the 4th embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 6, the 201st, heat-insulated container; The 204th, the subparticle of solid nitrogen; The 203rd, liquid nitrogen; The 202nd, the nitrogen slurry, it is 204 and 203 mixture slurry; The 205th, superconductor; 206 are arranged on the entrance and exit on the container.
By entrance and exit 206 superconducting coil (superconductor 205) is put into heat-insulated container 201.Charge into after the nitrogen slurry, close entrance and exit 206.Cooling coil is lower than superconduction critical temperature to keep it.
The 5th embodiment
Fig. 7 is the schematic representation of apparatus of the 5th embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 7, the 207th, instlated tubular; The 204th, the subparticle of solid nitrogen; The 203rd, liquid nitrogen; The 202nd, the nitrogen slurry, it is 204 and 203 mixture slurry; 205 ' is superconductor; 206A and 206B are arranged on the entrance and exit on the pipe.
By entrance and exit 206A, in hyperconductive cable 205 ' the insertion instlated tubular 207 with long size.Under pressure, shift nitrogen slurry 202 by flow-through appt (not illustrating in the drawings) by intake (not illustrating in the drawings), and discharge by discharge outlet (not illustrating in the drawings), the nitrogen slurry flows in pipe thus, thus the cooling hyperconductive cable, and hold it in below the superconduction critical temperature.
Industrial applicibility
Nitrogen slurry produced according to the invention can be as the Cooling and Heat Source in the various industry.Nitrogen slurry has excellent effectiveness, for example portable, accessibility and low-temperature performance, and therefore being expected to following demand can increase day by day.
In addition, because method of cooling of the present invention is to have good volumetric efficiency, can be lower than under the temperature of liquid nitrogen temperature cooling and can use small cooling device to keep cryogenic method, therefore, this method is applicable to the cooling high-temperature superconducting body, thereby this method helps the practical application of superconductor technology.
Claims
(according to the modification of the 19th of treaty)
1. a method of producing the nitrogen slurry is characterized in that, liquid nitrogen is charged in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel; In this container, arrange injector, this injector by the refrigerant (liquid or gas) that blows pressure and be higher than container inner pressure thus for example low temperature helium or liquid helium suck liquid nitrogen; Cool off the liquid nitrogen that blowed with refrigerant by refrigerant to form the solid nitrogen subparticle of whereabouts; The pressure that gas in the vessel space is emitted from container to keep vessel space is higher than normal atmosphere.
2. the method for the production nitrogen of claim 1 slurry wherein is used for the pressure of refrigerant being provided and/or controlling the granularity of solid nitrogen by the diameter that changes nozzle bore to injector by change.
3. the method for the production nitrogen of claim 1 slurry wherein adds the heat diffuser part, to prevent to solidify at the scatterer part accumulated solids nitrogen of injector.
4. the method for the production nitrogen of claim 1 slurry is wherein by arranging two injectors and by the jet from the injector scatterer is collided mutually, the solid nitrogen that generates being made subparticle.
5. the method for the production nitrogen of claim 1 slurry, the refrigerant that wherein is used for the working fluid of injector is helium, hydrogen or neon, and is used for the refrigerant helium preferably of the working fluid of injector.
6. the method for the production nitrogen of claim 1 slurry, thus wherein prevent liquid nitrogen surface solidification in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel by stirring the liquid nitrogen surface.
7. produce the device that nitrogen is starched for one kind, it comprises the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel that can charge into liquid nitrogen in it, be arranged in the injector in the container and be used for evacuated vessel spatial device, wherein be used for to the injector supplying working fluid, the pipeline that leads to external container links to each other with the working fluid mouth of injector, the pipe that near the being used to arrival container bottom sucks liquid nitrogen links to each other with the fluid suction port of injector, suck the storage liquid nitrogen by being used to suck the pipe of desiring the liquid nitrogen that blowed with refrigerant, cooling curing, and by pipeline to injector supply liquid or gas coolant for example liquid helium or low temperature helium and by blowing described refrigerant, make the storage liquid nitrogen fall into the storage liquid nitrogen with the form of liquid nitrogen subparticle, wherein said pipeline is used to provide the working fluid of injector, and the pressure of described liquid or gas coolant is higher than vessel space pressure.
8. the device of the production nitrogen of claim 7 slurry wherein is provided with the device of regulating pressure in the pipeline side that is used for to the injector supplying working fluid, and this device changes the pressure to the injector supply coolant.
9. the device of the production nitrogen of claim 7 slurry, wherein the scatterer at injector partly is provided with heating unit, is used to prevent to solidify and at the scatterer part accumulated solids nitrogen of injector.
10. the device of the production nitrogen of claim 7 slurry is wherein by arranging two injectors and by the jet from the injector scatterer is collided mutually, the solid nitrogen that generates being made subparticle.
11. the device of the production nitrogen of claim 7 slurry wherein is provided with the agitator with the blade that can stir storage liquid nitrogen surface, and prevents the liquid nitrogen surface solidification by stirring the liquid nitrogen surface.
12. method of producing the nitrogen slurry, it is characterized in that, the gas phase of the liquid nitrogen in the heat-insulated container is reduced pressure, with the nitrogen in the evaporation liquid phase, thereby by reducing the triple point that temperature that temperature makes nitrogen reaches nitrogen thus, and generate solid nitrogen by remaining on this triple point; Change the solid nitrogen that generates into slurry by the content that stirs heat-insulated container.
13. the method for the production nitrogen of claim 12 slurry, the liquid level part and the heat-insulated container bottom of wherein stirring liquid nitrogen respectively.
14. a device of producing the nitrogen slurry, it comprises: the heat-insulated container that liquid nitrogen is housed; Be connected to the reliever that is used to reduce container internal pressure on container top; Can stir the whipping appts of the content of heat-insulated container; And temperature-detecting device, wherein, the pressure that reduces the liquid nitrogen in the container by reliever is with vaporized nitrogen, thereby reaches the triple point of nitrogen and generate solid nitrogen by reducing the temperature that temperature makes nitrogen thus; By using whipping appts to stir the solid nitrogen that generates, change the solid nitrogen that generates into slurry.
15. a device of producing the nitrogen slurry, it comprises: the heat-insulated container of liquid nitrogen is housed, is connected to the reliever that is used to reduce container internal pressure on container top; Can stir the whipping appts of the content of heat-insulated container; Temperature-detecting device; And being used for macroscopic window, the pressure that reduces the liquid nitrogen in the container by reliever is with vaporized nitrogen, thereby reaches the triple point of nitrogen and generate solid nitrogen by reducing the temperature that temperature makes nitrogen thus; By using whipping appts to stir the solid nitrogen that generates, change the solid nitrogen that generates into slurry.
16. the device of the production nitrogen of claim 14 or 15 slurry, wherein whipping appts comprises the device that is used to stir the device of liquid nitrogen liquid level and is used to stir the heat-insulated container bottom.
17. simple method that is used for the solids concn of estimated nitrogen slurry, wherein during the solids concn of the nitrogen slurry that obtains when the method for estimation by claim 12, the volume of nitrogen slurry is to obtain the solids concn that nitrogen is starched when measuring the volume of nitrogen slurry when temperature reaches triple point and operation terminal point.
18. the simple method of the solids concn of a nitrogen slurry that is used to estimate claim 17 wherein uses the spirit-leveling instrument that is arranged in the heat-insulated container to measure the volume of nitrogen slurry.
19. method of cooling off superconductor, wherein use near the material that liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen coexistence temperature, shows superconducting state, wherein, superconductor is immersed in the nitrogen slurry that is contained in the heat-insulated container, and superconductor is contacted so that its cooling with the nitrogen slurry.
20. the method for the cooling superconductor of claim 19 wherein immerses superconductor in the nitrogen slurry that is contained in the heat-insulated container, stirs the nitrogen slurry that is contained in the heat-insulated container simultaneously.
21. method of cooling off superconductor, wherein use near the material that liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen coexistence temperature, shows superconducting state, wherein, the nitrogen slurry is flowed in instlated tubular, superconductor is put into mobile nitrogen slurry, and superconductor is contacted so that its cooling with the nitrogen slurry.
22. device that cools off superconductor, wherein use near the material that liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen coexistence temperature, shows superconducting state, wherein, the entrance and exit that heat-insulated container is set, is kept at the nitrogen slurry in the container and is used for superconductor is immersed the nitrogen slurry.
23. the device of the cooling superconductor of claim 22, wherein this device also comprises the agitator that is used for stirring the nitrogen slurry that is kept at container.
24. device that cools off superconductor, wherein use near the material that liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen coexistence temperature, shows superconducting state, wherein, this device comprise can put into object carry out the refrigerative instlated tubular, be used for making the nitrogen slurry at pipe mobile device, be used for object is put into entrance and exit that the pipe neutralization takes out from pipe, is enough to starch at pipe mobile nitrogen at least, wherein object is put into mobile nitrogen slurry, and contacted so that its cooling with the nitrogen slurry.
Claims (24)
1. a method of producing the nitrogen slurry is characterized in that, liquid nitrogen is charged in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel; In this container, arrange injector, this injector by the refrigerant (liquid or gas) that blows pressure and be higher than container inner pressure thus for example low temperature helium or liquid helium suck liquid nitrogen; Cool off the liquid nitrogen that blowed with refrigerant by refrigerant to form the solid nitrogen subparticle of whereabouts; The pressure that gas in the vessel space is emitted from container to keep vessel space is higher than normal atmosphere.
2. the method for the production nitrogen of claim 1 slurry wherein is used for the pressure of refrigerant being provided and/or controlling the granularity of solid nitrogen by the diameter that changes nozzle bore to injector by change.
3. the method for the production nitrogen of claim 1 slurry wherein adds the heat diffuser part, to prevent to solidify at the scatterer part accumulated solids nitrogen of injector.
4. the method for the production nitrogen of claim 1 slurry is wherein by arranging two injectors and by the jet from the injector scatterer is collided mutually, the solid nitrogen that generates being made subparticle.
5. the method for the production nitrogen of claim 1 slurry, the refrigerant that wherein is used for the working fluid of injector is helium, hydrogen or neon, and is used for the refrigerant helium preferably of the working fluid of injector.
6. the method for the production nitrogen of claim 1 slurry, thus wherein prevent liquid nitrogen surface solidification in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel by stirring the liquid nitrogen surface.
7. produce the device that nitrogen is starched for one kind, it comprises the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel that can charge into liquid nitrogen in it, be arranged in the injector in the container and be used for evacuated vessel spatial device, wherein be used to supply the injector working fluid, the pipeline that leads to external container links to each other with the working fluid mouth of injector, the pipe that near the being used to arrival container bottom sucks liquid nitrogen links to each other with the fluid suction port of injector, suck the storage liquid nitrogen by being used to suck the pipe of desiring the liquid nitrogen that blowed with refrigerant, cooling curing, and by pipeline to injector supply liquid or gas coolant for example liquid helium or low temperature helium and by blowing described refrigerant, make the storage liquid nitrogen fall into the storage liquid nitrogen with the form of liquid nitrogen subparticle, wherein said pipeline is used to provide the working fluid of injector, and the pressure of described liquid or gas coolant is higher than vessel space pressure.
8. the device of the production nitrogen of claim 6 slurry wherein is provided with the device of regulating pressure in the pipeline side that is used for to the injector supplying working fluid, and this device changes the pressure to the injector supply coolant.
9. the device of the production nitrogen of claim 6 slurry, wherein the scatterer at injector partly is provided with heating unit, is used to prevent to solidify and at the scatterer part accumulated solids nitrogen of injector.
10. the device of the production nitrogen of claim 6 slurry is wherein by arranging two injectors and by the jet from the injector scatterer is collided mutually, the solid nitrogen that generates being made subparticle.
11. the device of the production nitrogen of claim 6 slurry wherein is provided with the agitator with the blade that can stir storage liquid nitrogen surface, and prevents the liquid nitrogen surface solidification by stirring the liquid nitrogen surface.
12. method of producing the nitrogen slurry, it is characterized in that, the gas phase of the liquid nitrogen in the heat-insulated container is reduced pressure, with the nitrogen in the evaporation liquid phase, thereby by reducing the triple point that temperature that temperature makes nitrogen reaches nitrogen thus, and generate solid nitrogen by remaining on this triple point; Change the solid nitrogen that generates into slurry by the content that stirs heat-insulated container.
13. the method for the production nitrogen of claim 10 slurry, the liquid level part and the heat-insulated container bottom of wherein stirring liquid nitrogen respectively.
14. a device of producing the nitrogen slurry, it comprises: the heat-insulated container that liquid nitrogen is housed; Be connected to the reliever that is used to reduce container internal pressure on container top; Can stir the whipping appts of the content of heat-insulated container; And temperature-detecting device, wherein, the pressure that reduces the liquid nitrogen in the container by reliever is with vaporized nitrogen, thereby reaches the triple point of nitrogen and generate solid nitrogen by reducing the temperature that temperature makes nitrogen thus; By using whipping appts to stir the solid nitrogen that generates, change the solid nitrogen that generates into slurry.
15. a device of producing the nitrogen slurry, it comprises: the heat-insulated container of liquid nitrogen is housed, is connected to the reliever that is used to reduce container internal pressure on container top; Can stir the whipping appts of the content of heat-insulated container; Temperature-detecting device; And being used for macroscopic window, the pressure that reduces the liquid nitrogen in the container by reliever is with vaporized nitrogen, thereby reaches the triple point of nitrogen and generate solid nitrogen by reducing the temperature that temperature makes nitrogen thus; By using whipping appts to stir the solid nitrogen that generates, change the solid nitrogen that generates into slurry.
16. the device of the production nitrogen of claim 12 or 13 slurry, wherein whipping appts comprises the device that is used to stir the device of liquid nitrogen liquid level and is used to stir the heat-insulated container bottom.
17. simple method that is used for the solids concn of estimated nitrogen slurry, wherein during the solids concn of the nitrogen slurry that obtains when the method for estimation by claim 10, the volume of nitrogen slurry is to obtain the solids concn that nitrogen is starched when measuring the volume of nitrogen slurry when temperature reaches triple point and operation terminal point.
18. the simple method of the solids concn of a nitrogen slurry that is used to estimate claim 15 wherein uses the spirit-leveling instrument that is arranged in the heat-insulated container to measure the volume of nitrogen slurry.
19. method of cooling off superconductor, wherein use near the material that liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen coexistence temperature, shows superconducting state, wherein, superconductor is immersed in the nitrogen slurry that is contained in the heat-insulated container, and superconductor is contacted so that its cooling with the nitrogen slurry.
20. the method for the cooling superconductor of claim 17 wherein immerses superconductor in the nitrogen slurry that is contained in the heat-insulated container, stirs the nitrogen slurry that is contained in the heat-insulated container simultaneously.
21. method of cooling off superconductor, wherein use near the material that liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen coexistence temperature, shows superconducting state, wherein, the nitrogen slurry is flowed in instlated tubular, superconductor is put into mobile nitrogen slurry, and superconductor is contacted so that its cooling with the nitrogen slurry.
22. device that cools off superconductor, wherein use near the material that liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen coexistence temperature, shows superconducting state, wherein, the entrance and exit that heat-insulated container is set, is kept at the nitrogen slurry in the container and is used for superconductor is immersed the nitrogen slurry.
23. the device of the cooling superconductor of claim 20, wherein this device also comprises the agitator that is used for stirring the nitrogen slurry that is kept at container.
24. device that cools off superconductor, wherein use near the material that liquid nitrogen temperature or liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen coexistence temperature, shows superconducting state, wherein, this device comprise can put into object carry out the refrigerative instlated tubular, be used for making the nitrogen slurry at pipe mobile device, be used for object is put into entrance and exit that the pipe neutralization takes out from pipe, is enough to starch at pipe mobile nitrogen at least, wherein object is put into mobile nitrogen slurry, and contacted so that its cooling with the nitrogen slurry.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003065571 | 2003-03-11 | ||
| JP065571/2003 | 2003-03-11 | ||
| JP391508/2003 | 2003-11-20 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1741963A true CN1741963A (en) | 2006-03-01 |
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| CNA2004800028001A Pending CN1741963A (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-01-29 | Process for producing slush nitrogen and apparatus therefor |
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| CN102494514A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2012-06-13 | 张立永 | Freezing reactor |
| CN104649237A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-05-27 | 浙江大学 | Nitrogen slurry preparation device with throttle valves and increasing couplings and method of nitrogen slurry preparation device |
| CN107166831A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-09-15 | 青岛大学 | A kind of continuous ice pellets device for making |
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2004
- 2004-01-29 CN CNA2004800028001A patent/CN1741963A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102494514A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2012-06-13 | 张立永 | Freezing reactor |
| CN102494514B (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2014-10-15 | 张立永 | Freezing reactor |
| CN104649237A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-05-27 | 浙江大学 | Nitrogen slurry preparation device with throttle valves and increasing couplings and method of nitrogen slurry preparation device |
| CN104649237B (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-06-08 | 浙江大学 | Nitrogen in conjunction with choke valve with increaser starches preparation facilities and method thereof |
| CN107166831A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-09-15 | 青岛大学 | A kind of continuous ice pellets device for making |
| CN107166831B (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-05-03 | 青岛大学 | A kind of continuous ice pellets device for making |
| CN109883096A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-06-14 | 哈尔滨府明电器有限公司 | From ice making preparation device special and preparation method |
| CN112225173A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 西安交通大学 | Visual experimental apparatus of small-size hydrogen thick liquid preparation |
| CN112225173B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-12-28 | 西安交通大学 | Visual experimental apparatus of small-size hydrogen thick liquid preparation |
| CN115325753A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-11-11 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Double-precooling low-temperature slurry preparation device and method based on helium circulation |
| CN115318168A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-11-11 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Low-temperature slurry preparation and concentration regulation device and method |
| CN115325753B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-05-16 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Helium circulation-based double-precooling low-temperature slurry preparation device and method |
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