CN112225173A - Visual experimental apparatus of small-size hydrogen thick liquid preparation - Google Patents

Visual experimental apparatus of small-size hydrogen thick liquid preparation Download PDF

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CN112225173A
CN112225173A CN202011065657.8A CN202011065657A CN112225173A CN 112225173 A CN112225173 A CN 112225173A CN 202011065657 A CN202011065657 A CN 202011065657A CN 112225173 A CN112225173 A CN 112225173A
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hydrogen
dewar
pipeline
slurry
valve
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CN112225173B (en
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谢福寿
夏斯琦
厉彦忠
马原
王磊
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0089—Ortho-para conversion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/02—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant
    • C06B47/12—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant a component being a liquefied normally gaseous fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/08—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
    • F17D1/065—Arrangements for producing propulsion of gases or vapours
    • F17D1/07—Arrangements for producing propulsion of gases or vapours by compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F17D1/082—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products for cold fluids, e.g. liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F17D1/12—Conveying liquids or viscous products by pressure of another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
    • F17D5/005—Protection or supervision of installations of gas pipelines, e.g. alarm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K37/00—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
    • H02K37/24—Structural association with auxiliary mechanical devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/003—Couplings; Details of shafts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/34—Hydrogen distribution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

A small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device comprises a hydrogen supply assembly, a liquefaction assembly with a refrigerator and a liquid hydrogen Dewar, a hydrogen slurry generation assembly with a rewarming device, a vacuum pump and a stirring device and a visual assembly; regulating high-pressure hydrogen to proper pressure, entering a liquid hydrogen Dewar, starting a refrigerator to cool the hydrogen until the hydrogen is liquefied, extruding the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen Dewar into a hydrogen slurry Dewar by using high-pressure helium, pumping the gas in the hydrogen slurry Dewar by using a vacuum pump, reducing the temperature in the hydrogen slurry Dewar by evacuating, decompressing, flashing and cooling to obtain solid hydrogen, and simultaneously smashing the solid hydrogen by using a stirrer with a magnetic coupling seal to obtain uniform hydrogen slurry with a certain solid content; the invention directly adopts hydrogen to prepare hydrogen slurry, so that the preparation of a small amount of hydrogen slurry is more convenient, the generation rate and the stirring rate of the hydrogen slurry are adjustable, and the invention can provide convenience for the research of hydrogen slurry preparation technology, hydrogen slurry quality improvement, hydrogen slurry storage and the like.

Description

Visual experimental apparatus of small-size hydrogen thick liquid preparation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature propellant densification acquisition, in particular to a small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device.
Background
Because the low-temperature propellant (liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen) has the advantages of low cost, high specific impulse, high thrust, no toxicity, no pollution and the like, the low-temperature propellant is popularized and applied in a large scale when large/heavy carrier rockets are researched and developed in various countries. Although the low-temperature propellant has obvious advantages compared with the normal-temperature fuel, most of thermodynamic states in the current application are near the boiling point temperature, and the low-temperature propellant still has the defects of low density, easy evaporation, difficult storage and the like. At this time, researchers are keen to adopt a super-cooled low-temperature propellant or a slurry low-temperature propellant as a propulsion fuel, and thermodynamic properties of the super-cooled low-temperature propellant or the slurry low-temperature propellant are obviously improved relative to a saturated state, such as increase of self density, reduction of gasification pressure, increase of unit volume cold quantity, increase of kinematic viscosity and the like, so that effective load of a rocket is improved, the size of a storage tank is reduced, the thickness of the storage tank is reduced, liquid sloshing is weakened, a deep space detection range is widened and the like. For example, when the liquid hydrogen propellant is supercooled from the normal boiling point (20.39K) to the triple point temperature (13.8K), the density of the liquid hydrogen propellant can be increased by 8.8 percent, the sensible heat per unit volume can be increased by 20 percent, and the liquid hydrogen propellant is continuously cooled from the triple point until 60 percent of solid hydrogen (commonly called hydrogen slurry) appears, the density of the liquid hydrogen propellant can be increased by 16.8 percent, and the sensible heat per unit volume can be increased by 34 percent. The published literature reports that the density of liquid hydrogen is increased by 8%, the density of liquid oxygen is increased by 10%, the total takeoff weight of the carrier rocket is reduced by 20%, and the application value is considerable.
With the rapid development of aerospace industry, hydrogen slurry is regarded as a propulsion fuel with the greatest application prospect, and particularly, a hydrogen slurry preparation technology is regarded as important. Theoretically, the preparation of hydrogen slurry can adopt a low-temperature helium refrigerator preparation technology, a liquid hydrogen evacuation decompression preparation technology and a low-temperature helium bubbling preparation technology. Through a large amount of comparison and analysis in the early stage, the applicant obtains that the liquid hydrogen evacuation and decompression method for preparing the hydrogen slurry is the most economical and feasible method when the hydrogen slurry is prepared in a large scale and is applied to low-temperature rocket fuel. The precipitation and transport properties of hydrogen slurries are critical and directly determine the feasibility of their use. The solid mass fraction, the solid particle size, the solid particle distribution uniformity and the precipitation characteristics and the transportation characteristics of the hydrogen slurry sediment due to the hydrogen slurry density distribution uniformity in the hydrogen slurry need to be deeply researched by researchers through experimental means.
At present, only NASA and japanese scholars have carried out preliminary work on hydrogen slurry, and most of the studies are carried out by directly cooling liquid hydrogen by a large helium refrigerator method or a vacuumizing and depressurizing method to generate solid hydrogen. For China, no relevant published literature report of hydrogen slurry preparation exists, so that the research on the hydrogen slurry still has a plurality of technical problems at present: firstly, for researchers in common colleges and universities, the biggest problem of experimental research on hydrogen slurry is the source problem of liquid hydrogen, namely how to obtain the liquid hydrogen; how to realize the preparation of the hydrogen slurry by a vacuum pumping and pressure reducing method; how to ensure the size of solid particles and the density uniformity of the hydrogen slurry; hydrogen leakage and safety protection problems. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a small-scale hydrogen slurry preparation visualization device for experiments, which enables small-scale preparation and visualization of hydrogen slurry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a small hydrogen slurry preparation visualization experiment device which has the functions of hydrogen liquefaction, hydrogen slurry preparation, hydrogen slurry stirring, pumping speed control, hydrogen slurry production visualization, hydrogen leakage protection and the like, and provides technical support for preparation and research of a small amount of hydrogen slurry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device comprises a hydrogen supply assembly, a liquefaction assembly, a hydrogen slurry generation assembly and a visual assembly;
the hydrogen supply component comprises a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1, and the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 passes through a pipeline a1a2Connected to the inlet of the first valve 2, the outlet of the first valve 2 passing through the pipe b1b2Connected to the inlet of the filter 3, the outlet of the filter 3 passing through a conduit c1c2Connected to the inlet of the second valve 4, the outlet of the second valve 4 being connected via a conduit d1d2Is connected with a hydrogen inlet of the liquefaction assembly liquid hydrogen Dewar 5;
the liquefaction assembly comprises a liquid hydrogen Dewar 5, a refrigerator 6, a nitrogen protection cover 7 and a positive-secondary converter 8, wherein a gas outlet of the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 passes through a pipeline e1e2Connected to the inlet of a third valve 9, e1End in hydrogen, outlet connection f of third valve 91f2(ii) a The helium inlet of the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 passes through a pipeline h2h1Connected with the outlet of the fourth valve 11, the inlet of the fourth valve 11 passes through a pipeline g2g1Is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure helium bottle 10; the top of the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 is sealed by a flange, a refrigerator 6 is arranged in the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5, a nitrogen protection cover 7 is arranged at the top of the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5, a positive-secondary converter 8 is arranged at the bottom in the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5, and a liquid hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 passes through a pipeline i1i2And a firstThe inlets of the five valves 12 are connected, and the outlet of the fifth valve 12 passes through a pipeline j1j2Is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 of the hydrogen slurry generating assembly;
the hydrogen slurry generating assembly comprises a hydrogen slurry Dewar 13, a stepping motor 14, a magnetic coupling 15 and a stirrer 16, wherein the stepping motor 14 is arranged at the top of the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13, an output shaft of the stepping motor 14 is connected with the stirrer 16 through the magnetic coupling 15, and the stirrer 16 is positioned in the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13; outlet and pipe k of hydrogen slurry dewar 131k2Connection, k1End in a hydrogen slurry dewar 13 from k2The end is divided into two pipelines, wherein the pipeline k2m1Connected with the inlet of the reheater 22, the outlet of the reheater 22 and the pipeline n1n2Connecting; pipeline k2m2Connected to the inlet of the eighth valve 26, the outlet of the eighth valve 26 and the conduit s1f2Connecting;
pipe n1n2N of (A) to (B)2The end is divided into two pipelines, wherein the pipeline n2o1Connected to the inlet of a sixth valve 23, the outlet of the sixth valve 23 passing through a pipe p1p2Connected to the inlet of a vacuum pump 24, the outlet of the vacuum pump 24 and a pipe q1f2Connecting; pipe n2o2Connected with the inlet of the seventh valve 25, the outlet of the seventh valve 25 is connected with the pipeline r1f2Connecting;
f2end connecting pipe f2t1，t1The end is connected with the inlet of the flame arrester 27, and the hydrogen gas flows through the flame arrester 27 and is delivered to the air from the outlet of the flame arrester 27 for high-altitude emission;
the visualization component comprises a first observation window 17, a second observation window 18, an LED light source 19, a camera 20 and a computer 21, wherein the first observation window 17, the second observation window 18 and the LED light source 19 are arranged on the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13, and the hydrogen slurry generation condition in the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 can be observed through the observation windows; the LED light source 19 provides a cold light source for visualization; the camera 20 photographs the hydrogen slurry in the hydrogen slurry dewar 13; the computer 21 can store and process images captured by the camera 20.
The first valve 2 is a pressure reducing valve.
The second valve 4 is a normal temperature regulating valve.
The fourth valve 11 and the seventh valve 25 are stop valves.
The fifth valve 12 is a low-temperature stop valve.
The sixth valve 23 is a regulating valve.
The third valve 9 and the eighth valve 26 are unloading valves, and when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen Dewar or the hydrogen slurry Dewar is too high, the valves are opened to exhaust, so that the pressure in the gas phase of the Dewar is within a limit value.
The liquid hydrogen dewar 5 and the hydrogen slurry dewar 13 are high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation dewars made of stainless steel, a plurality of aluminum baffles are arranged in the liquid hydrogen dewar 5 close to the upper flange, and polyurethane foam is arranged in the hydrogen slurry dewar 13 close to the upper flange to prevent surface frosting caused by impact of internal cold air on the flange; the heat insulation mode of the Dewar is high vacuum multi-layer heat insulation, so that external heat is prevented from entering liquid hydrogen or hydrogen slurry to cause increase of refrigeration load.
The refrigerating machine 6 is a G-M refrigerating machine and provides cold energy for hydrogen liquefaction.
The nitrogen protection cover 7 is of a stainless steel structure filled with nitrogen, and is used for diluting the concentration of hydrogen leaked from the interface of the refrigerator and ensuring that the concentration of the hydrogen is always below the range of explosive concentration.
The positive-secondary converter 8 is a positive-secondary converter filled with an iron oxide catalyst, and the positive-secondary conversion can occur in the process of reducing the temperature of hydrogen to release heat, so that the positive-secondary converter 8 accelerates the process to quickly complete the positive-secondary conversion in advance, and the refrigerator 6 is utilized to take away the heat, thereby reducing the temperature of the subsequent cooling process by less interference of the positive-secondary conversion.
The stepping motor 14 is an explosion-proof stepping motor and provides power for the stirrer 16; the stepping motor 14 is connected with the stirrer 16 through the magnetic coupling 15, the stepping motor 14 and the stirrer 16 are respectively positioned on two sides of the flange, direct contact is avoided, friction between the stirrer 16 and the flange can be avoided, hydrogen is not easy to leak, and heat input into the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 is reduced while safety is achieved; the rotational speed of the stepper motor 14 can be adjusted to adjust the agitation speed of the agitator 16.
The stirrer 16 is used for stirring the solid phase and the solid phase of the hydrogen slurry, has the functions of breaking the solid hydrogen, controlling the size of solid hydrogen particles and maintaining the uniform distribution of the solid hydrogen particles in the liquid hydrogen, and can be U-shaped, spiral-link-shaped, blade-shaped and the like.
The hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 is provided with a first observation window 17 and a second observation window 18, and can be used for shooting the dynamic process of hydrogen slurry preparation in the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 bottle.
The hydrogen plasma dewar 13 is provided with an LED cold light source 19, which can provide a bright shooting environment for the camera 20.
The camera 20 is a high-speed camera and can photograph the hydrogen slurry preparation process in the hydrogen slurry dewar 13.
The reheater 22 is a low temperature heat exchanger, so that the pumped hydrogen reaches the temperature that the vacuum pump 24 can bear before reaching the vacuum pump 24.
The vacuum pump 24 is a variable-frequency water ring vacuum pump and is used for pumping out hydrogen in the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 and preparing hydrogen slurry in a vacuumizing, pressure-reducing, flash-evaporating and cooling mode.
The flame arrester 27 is a safety device, prevents flame spread of hydrogen, and has explosion-proof and burning-resistant properties.
The pipeline a1a2And a pipe b1b2And a pipe c1c2And a pipeline d1d2And a pipe e1e2And a pipeline f1f2And a pipeline f2t1And a pipe g1g2Pipeline h1h2Pipeline k1k2Pipeline k2m1Pipeline k2m2Pipeline n1n2Pipeline n2o1Pipeline n2o2Pipeline p1p2And a pipe q1f2And a pipeline r1f2Conduit s1f2For smooth stainless steel fluid conduits, conduit i1i2Pipeline j1j2Is high vacuumA multilayer insulated cryogenic fluid conduit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the device directly adopts hydrogen to prepare hydrogen slurry and research the quality, firstly liquid hydrogen is obtained in the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 through the G-M refrigerator, the liquid hydrogen is transferred into the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 through a helium gas extrusion method, and then a hydrogen slurry product with certain solid content is prepared through a method of evacuation, decompression, flash evaporation, cooling and stirring crushing, so that the problem that the liquid hydrogen on the market is difficult to directly purchase is solved, the preparation of a small amount of hydrogen slurry is more convenient, and the research on key technical issues of hydrogen slurry preparation, quality improvement, high-efficiency storage and the like is facilitated.
Stirring among the device of the invention adopts magnetic force to drive rotatory agitator 16 of blade, has selected explosion-proof level's step motor 14, and step motor 14 passes through magnetic coupling 15 with agitator 16 and is connected, and step motor 14 and agitator 16 are located the flange both sides respectively, and no direct contact can avoid the friction between agitator 16 and the flange, makes hydrogen difficult for revealing simultaneously to have higher factor of safety when reducing to import hydrogen thick liquid dewar 13 in the heat.
The device realizes the rotation speed control of the stirrer 16 by adjusting the rotation speed of the stepping motor 14, and can be used for researching the high-quality preparation of the hydrogen slurry.
The device of the invention adopts an adjusting mode of combining the variable-frequency water ring vacuum pump and the parallel pipeline to control the air extraction rate of the hydrogen so as to control the generation speed of the hydrogen slurry, and can research the air extraction rate, the solid particle size of the hydrogen slurry and the uniform distribution characteristic.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the load calculation results of the dual-temperature zone of the dual-stage G-M refrigerator.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device comprises a hydrogen supply assembly, a liquefaction assembly, a hydrogen slurry generation assembly and a visual assembly;
the hydrogen supply assembly comprises a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1, the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 is a high-pressure gas cylinder, and high-pressure hydrogen is stored in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1; the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 passes through a pipeline a1a2Connected to the inlet of the first valve 2, the outlet of the first valve 2 passing through the pipe b1b2Connected to the inlet of the filter 3, the outlet of the filter 3 passing through a conduit c1c2Connected to the inlet of the second valve 4, the outlet of the second valve 4 being connected via a conduit d1d2Is connected with a hydrogen inlet of the liquefaction assembly liquid hydrogen Dewar 5;
the first valve 2 is a pressure reducing valve, and when the first valve 2 is opened, the high-pressure hydrogen discharged from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 passes through the pipeline a1a2Flows through the first valve 2 to the pipeline b1b2Performing the following steps; the filter 3 is a normal temperature filter and is connected with the pipeline b1b2The hydrogen flowing to the filter 3 is filtered of impurities into the pipe c1c2Performing the following steps; the second valve 4 is a normal temperature regulating valve for regulating the pressure and flow rate of the hydrogen, and the high pressure hydrogen flowing through the second valve 4 flows to the pipeline d1d2Performing the following steps;
the liquefaction assembly comprises a liquid hydrogen Dewar 5, a refrigerator 6, a nitrogen protection cover 7 and a positive-secondary converter 8, wherein a gas outlet of the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 passes through a pipeline e1e2Connected to the inlet of a third valve 9, e1The end is in hydrogen and the outlet of the third valve 9 is through a conduit f1f2Connecting pipe f2t1(ii) a The helium inlet of the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 passes through a pipeline h2h1Connected with the outlet of the fourth valve 11, the inlet of the fourth valve 11 passes through a pipeline g2g1Is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure helium bottle 10; the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 is a high vacuum multi-layer heat insulation container, the top of the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 is sealed by a flange, and hydrogen is introduced into a pipeline d1d2Entering a liquid hydrogen Dewar 5; the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 is provided with a refrigerator 6, the refrigerator 6 is a G-M refrigerator, and the refrigerator 6 provides cold energy to liquefy hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5; the top of the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 is provided with a nitrogen protection cover 7, the nitrogen protection cover 7 is a safety element, and when a small amount of hydrogen is leaked, dilution isolation can be realizedAct to protect the safety of the operator; the bottom in the liquid hydrogen dewar 5 is provided with a positive-secondary converter 8, and the positive-secondary converter 8 accelerates the positive-secondary hydrogen conversion process in the temperature reduction process, so that the subsequent temperature reduction process is less interfered by the positive-secondary conversion; the liquid hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 passes through a pipeline i1i2Connected to the inlet of the fifth valve 12, the outlet of the fifth valve 12 passing through the pipe j1j2Is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 of the hydrogen slurry production assembly;
the third valve 9 is an unloading valve, when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 is higher than a limit value, the third valve 9 is opened to discharge hydrogen, so that the pressure in the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 is reduced; the high-pressure helium tank 10 is a high-pressure gas tank from which high-pressure helium gas is discharged, enters the liquid hydrogen dewar 5 through a fourth valve 11, and extrudes liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen dewar 5 to a pipeline i1i2The fifth valve 12 is a low-temperature stop valve, and the liquid hydrogen flowing through the fifth valve 11 flows to the pipeline j1j2Performing the following steps;
the hydrogen slurry generating assembly comprises a hydrogen slurry Dewar 13, a stepping motor 14, a magnetic coupling 15 and a stirrer 16, wherein the stepping motor 14 is arranged at the top of the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13, an output shaft of the stepping motor 14 is connected with the stirrer 16 through the magnetic coupling 15, and the stirrer 16 is positioned in the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13; outlet and pipe k of hydrogen slurry dewar 131k2Connection, k1End in a hydrogen slurry dewar 13 from k2The end is divided into two pipelines, wherein the pipeline k2m1Connected with the inlet of the reheater 22, the outlet of the reheater 22 and the pipeline n1n2Connection, pipeline k2m2Connected to the inlet of the eighth valve 26, the outlet of the eighth valve 26 and the conduit s1f2Connecting;
pipe n1n2N of (A) to (B)2The end is divided into two pipelines, wherein the pipeline n2o1Connected to the inlet of a sixth valve 23, the outlet of the sixth valve 23 passing through a pipe p1p2Connected to the inlet of a vacuum pump 24, the outlet of the vacuum pump 24 and a pipe q1f2Connecting; pipe n2o2Connected to the inlet of the seventh valve 25, the outlet of the seventh valve 25And a pipe r1f2Connecting;
f2end connecting pipe f2t1，t1The end is connected with the inlet of the flame arrester 27, and the hydrogen gas flows through the flame arrester 27 and is delivered to the air from the outlet of the flame arrester 27 for high-altitude emission;
the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 is a high vacuum multi-layer heat insulation container, the top of the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 is sealed by a flange, and liquid hydrogen is introduced into the pipeline j1j2Entering a hydrogen slurry Dewar 13; the stepping motor 14 drives the blades of the stirrer 16 to rotate through the magnetic coupling 15, so that the generated solid hydrogen particles can be uniformly distributed in the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13; the eighth valve 26 is an unloading valve, and when the pressure in the hydrogen slurry dewar 13 is higher than a limit value, the eighth valve 26 is opened to discharge hydrogen gas, so that the pressure in the hydrogen slurry dewar 13 is reduced to a safe range; the rewarming device 22 is a low-temperature heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 is raised to the temperature which can be borne by the vacuum pump 22 before the hydrogen reaches the vacuum pump 22; the sixth valve 23 is a regulating valve for controlling the amount of the pumped hydrogen to control the pressure and temperature in the hydrogen slurry dewar 13; the vacuum pump 24 is a variable-frequency water-ring low-temperature pump and is used for pumping hydrogen, and the temperature in the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 is reduced in a way of pumping out, reducing pressure, flashing and cooling so as to obtain hydrogen slurry;
the visualization component comprises a first observation window 17, a second observation window 18, an LED light source 19, a camera 20 and a computer 21, wherein the first observation window 17, the second observation window 18 and the LED light source 19 are arranged on the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13, and the first observation window 17 and the second observation window 18 are made of quartz materials and can observe the generation condition of the hydrogen slurry in the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 through the observation windows; the LED light source 19 provides a cold light source for visualization; the camera 20 is a high-speed video camera, and photographs the hydrogen slurry in the hydrogen slurry dewar 13; the computer 21 can store and process images captured by the camera 20.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
before the hydrogen slurry preparation is started, the whole device is filled with high-purity nitrogen, and blowing is carried out for a period of time to remove impurities and other gases in the device. After nitrogen is blown off and replaced, helium is continuously introduced, and the G-M refrigerator is started to reduce the temperature of the helium so as to play a certain role in cooling and precooling. After precooling, the high-pressure high-purity hydrogen is discharged from the high-pressure hydrogen bottle 1, passes through the filter 3 and is adjusted to a proper pressure through the second valve 4, then enters the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5, the cold energy is provided by the two-stage G-M refrigerator 6, the temperature of the normal-temperature hydrogen is continuously reduced, and finally is reduced to the saturation temperature, so that the normal-temperature hydrogen is liquefied, and the liquefied liquid hydrogen is stored in the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5. Then, the high-pressure helium gas discharged from the high-pressure helium gas bottle 10 extrudes the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen dewar 5 to enter the hydrogen slurry dewar 13 through the fifth valve 12, the vacuum pump 24 evacuates the gas in the hydrogen slurry dewar 13 to reduce the pressure in the hydrogen slurry dewar 13, so that the hydrogen slurry is obtained by evacuating, decompressing, flashing and cooling. Then, a stepping motor 14 drives a stirrer 16 through a magnetic coupling 15 to uniformly distribute the solid hydrogen particles in the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13, so that uniform hydrogen slurry is obtained. The LED cold light source 19 turns on the illumination, and the camera 20 can photograph the hydrogen plasma generation condition in the hydrogen plasma dewar 13 through the first observation window 17 and the second observation window 18.
The hydrogen liquefaction process is realized by adopting a double-stage G-M refrigerator, and the middle temperature is a 60K temperature zone, the inner container of the liquid hydrogen Dewar 5 is a 20K temperature zone, and the outer part of the liquid hydrogen Dewar is a 300K temperature zone. The overall heat leakage of the experimental set-up was calculated to obtain the results of table 1.
Assuming that the liquefaction amount of the hydrogen is required to be 0.5L/h, the mass flow of the obtained hydrogen is 0.01G/s, the pressure of a liquid hydrogen container is micro-positive pressure when the device is liquefied, the load of a 60K temperature region and a 20K temperature region is calculated according to the data, the calculation result is shown in figure 2, and the calculation result shows that the liquefaction requirement of the liquid hydrogen can be met as long as the cold amount of the selected two-stage G-M refrigerating machine is larger than the calculation result.
TABLE 1 Total liquid hydrogen Dewar heat leak calculation results
Calculating temperature zone Heat conduction and leakage/W Radiant heat leakage/W Total heat leakage/W
60K-300K 3.694 0.7588 4.4528
20K-60K 0.616 0.0012 0.6172
The hydrogen slurry preparation process is realized by adopting a vacuum pump to pump off gas in the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 and vacuumizing and depressurizing. Based on the thermodynamic principle, when the pressure of an air pillow area in the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 is reduced, the saturation temperature of the corresponding liquid is reduced, the thermodynamic equilibrium state at the original gas-liquid interface is broken, the gas-liquid interface starts to be gasified, the gasification absorbs heat, so that when the temperature of the low-temperature propellant is reduced to the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure, the system enters the thermodynamic equilibrium state again, and then the temperature is gradually reduced, and the solid hydrogen particles are obtained. After obtaining a certain proportion of hydrogen slurry, maintaining for a period of time is needed for observation and study, and the heat leakage of the hydrogen slurry dewar 13 is calculated, and the results are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 Total heat leakage calculation for hydrogen slurry dewar
Heat conduction and leakage/W Radiant heat leakage/W Total heat leakage/W
2.263 0.127 2.39
Assuming that 1L of hydrogen slurry needs to be prepared within 3.5min and the maintenance time is not less than 6min, accounting is performed according to the above data.
In the preparation process of the hydrogen slurry, the heat leakage and the heat released when the liquid hydrogen is solidified into solid hydrogen are counteracted by the latent heat of vaporization of the hydrogen, namely: dewar heat leakage, preparation time and solidification heat, namely latent heat of vaporization, vaporization rate and preparation time. The gasification rate is calculated to be 0.042g/s, and the pumping speed is converted to be 0.467L/s under the standard condition, namely 1L hydrogen slurry can be prepared within 3.5min only by the pumping speed of the vacuum pump being more than 0.467L/s.
After the hydrogen slurry is obtained, the hydrogen slurry state is maintained for a period of time to carry out subsequent work, the obtained 1L of hydrogen slurry is stored in the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13, and the volume of the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 is 50% of the volume of the hydrogen slurry, namely the volume of the hydrogen slurry Dewar 13 is 1.5L. There are two methods for maintaining solid particles, the first is to continue to adopt the way of evacuation and decompression, maintain with vaporization latent heat, choose the pumping speed of evacuation and decompression to be 0.001g/s in order to offset the external heat leakage; the second method is to maintain the hydrogen slurry by using the latent heat of fusion of solid particles without continuously pumping out the gas by a vacuum pump, and the calculation results of the two methods are shown in Table 3.
Calculation shows that the method can meet the requirement of the maintenance time when the solid-hydrogen particle volume ratio is larger than 13.93 percent, and if the maintenance time is longer when the solid particle volume ratio is smaller than 13.93 percent, the pumping speed of the vacuum pump can be increased to obtain longer maintenance time. The second method is used when the volume ratio of the solid hydrogen particles is more than 17.14 percent, and the volume of the hydrogen slurry Dewar can be increased if the volume ratio of the solid hydrogen particles is less than 17.14 percent and the requirement of the maintenance time is met.
Table 3 calculation results of solid particle holding time
Figure BDA0002713687450000111
Through the calculation, the feasibility of preparing a small amount of hydrogen slurry by adopting a method of liquefying by a refrigerating machine and vacuumizing by a vacuum pump for decompression is verified, and the device can be used for researching various aspects of hydrogen slurry preparation key technology, hydrogen slurry quality, hydrogen slurry storage and the like.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and features of this invention, and the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but rather, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all changes and modifications that can be directly derived or suggested to one skilled in the art from the disclosure of this invention are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a visual experimental apparatus of small-size hydrogen thick liquid preparation which characterized in that: the hydrogen slurry production device comprises a hydrogen supply assembly, a liquefaction assembly, a hydrogen slurry generation assembly and a visualization assembly;
the hydrogen supply assembly comprises a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1), and the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) passes through a pipeline a1a2Is connected with the inlet of the first valve (2), and the outlet of the first valve (2) passes through a pipeline b1b2Is connected with the inlet of the filter (3), and the outlet of the filter (3) passes through a pipeline c1c2Is connected with the inlet of the second valve (4), and the outlet of the second valve (4) passes through a pipeline d1d2Is connected with a hydrogen inlet of a liquefied assembly liquid hydrogen Dewar (5);
the liquefaction assembly comprises a liquid hydrogen dewar (5), a refrigerator (6), a nitrogen protective cover (7) and a positive-secondary converter (8), and a gas outlet of the liquid hydrogen dewar (5) passes through a pipeline e1e2Connected to the inlet of a third valve (9), e1The end is positioned in hydrogen, and the outlet of the third valve (9) is connected with a pipeline f1f2(ii) a The helium inlet of the liquid hydrogen Dewar (5) passes through a pipeline h2h1Is connected with the outlet of a fourth valve (11), and the inlet of the fourth valve (11) passes through a pipeline g2g1Is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure helium bottle (10); the top of the liquid hydrogen Dewar (5) is sealed through a flange, a refrigerator (6) is arranged in the liquid hydrogen Dewar (5), a nitrogen protection cover (7) is arranged at the top of the liquid hydrogen Dewar (5), a positive-secondary converter (8) is arranged at the bottom in the liquid hydrogen Dewar (5), and a liquid hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen Dewar (5) passes through a pipeline i1i2Is connected with the inlet of a fifth valve (12), and the outlet of the fifth valve (12) passes through a pipeline j1j2Is connected with the inlet of a hydrogen slurry Dewar (13) of the hydrogen slurry production assembly;
the hydrogen slurry production assembly comprises a hydrogen slurry Dewar (13), a stepping motor (14), a magnetic coupling (15) and a stirrer (16), wherein the stepping motor (14) is arranged at the top of the hydrogen slurry Dewar (13), an output shaft of the stepping motor (14) is connected with the stirrer (16) through the magnetic coupling (15), and the stirrer (16) is positioned in the hydrogen slurry Dewar (13); outlet and pipe k of hydrogen slurry dewar (13)1k2Connection, k1End in a hydrogen slurry dewar (13) from k2The end is divided into two pipelines, wherein the pipeline k2m1Is connected with the inlet of the reheater (22), the outlet of the reheater (22) and the pipeline n1n2Connecting; pipeline k2m2Connected to the inlet of the eighth valve (26), the outlet of the eighth valve (26) and a conduit s1f2Connecting;
pipe n1n2N of (A) to (B)2The end is divided into two pipelines, wherein the pipeline n2o1Is connected with the inlet of a sixth valve (23), and the outlet of the sixth valve (23) passes through a pipeline p1p2Connected to the inlet of a vacuum pump (24), the outlet of the vacuum pump (24) and a pipe q1f2Connecting; pipe n2o2Is connected with the inlet of a seventh valve (25), and the outlet of the seventh valve (25) is connected with a pipeline r1f2Connecting;
f2end connecting pipe f2t1，t1The end of the hydrogen pipe is connected with the inlet of a flame arrester (27), and the hydrogen gas is conveyed to the air from the outlet of the flame arrester (27) for high-altitude discharge after flowing through the flame arrester (27);
the visualization component comprises a first observation window (17), a second observation window (18), an LED light source (19), a camera (20) and a computer (21), wherein the first observation window (17), the second observation window (18) and the LED light source (19) are arranged on the hydrogen slurry Dewar (13), and the hydrogen slurry generation condition in the hydrogen slurry Dewar (13) is observed through the observation windows; the LED light source (19) provides a cold light source for visualization; a camera (20) shoots the hydrogen slurry in the hydrogen slurry Dewar (13); the computer (21) stores and processes the images captured by the camera (20).
2. The small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first valve (2) is a pressure reducing valve; the second valve (4) is a normal temperature regulating valve; the fourth valve (11) and the seventh valve (25) are stop valves; the fifth valve (12) is a low-temperature stop valve; the sixth valve (23) is a regulating valve; the third valve (9) and the eighth valve (26) are unloading valves.
3. The small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: liquid hydrogen dewar (5), hydrogen thick liquid dewar (13) be high vacuum multilayer adiabatic dewar, the material is the stainless steel, liquid hydrogen dewar (5) inside is close to upper flange department and sets up a plurality of aluminium system baffle, inside being close to upper flange department of hydrogen thick liquid dewar (13) arranges the polyurethane foam.
4. The small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the refrigerator (6) is a G-M refrigerator.
5. The small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nitrogen protection cover (7) is of a stainless steel structure filled with nitrogen.
6. The small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the positive secondary converter (8) is a positive secondary converter filled with an iron oxide catalyst.
7. The small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stepping motor (14) is an explosion-proof stepping motor, and the stepping motor (14) and the stirrer (16) are respectively positioned on two sides of the flange and are not in direct contact.
8. The small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rewarming device (22) is a low-temperature heat exchanger.
9. The small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vacuum pump (24) is a variable frequency water ring vacuum pump.
10. The small-sized hydrogen slurry preparation visual experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pipeline a1a2And a pipe b1b2And a pipe c1c2And a pipeline d1d2And a pipe e1e2And a pipeline f1f2And a pipeline f2t1And a pipe g1g2Pipeline h1h2Pipeline k1k2Pipeline k2m1Pipeline k2m2Pipeline n1n2Pipeline n2o1Pipeline n2o2Pipeline p1p2And a pipe q1f2And a pipeline r1f2Conduit s1f2For smooth stainless steel fluid conduits, conduit i1i2Pipeline j1j2Is a high vacuum multilayer heat insulation cryogenic fluid pipeline.
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CN113983351A (en) * 2021-11-01 2022-01-28 西安交通大学 Large-scale hydrogen slurry preparation device and method based on evacuation and decompression combined with pressure alternation
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CN115325774A (en) * 2022-06-23 2022-11-11 北京航天试验技术研究所 Small-sized hydrogen liquefying device and method for segmented conversion of orthohydrogen and parahydrogen by adopting low-temperature cooler

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