CN1718323A - Casting method of large size hole defect less TiA1 base alloy ingot - Google Patents
Casting method of large size hole defect less TiA1 base alloy ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN1718323A CN1718323A CN 200510010246 CN200510010246A CN1718323A CN 1718323 A CN1718323 A CN 1718323A CN 200510010246 CN200510010246 CN 200510010246 CN 200510010246 A CN200510010246 A CN 200510010246A CN 1718323 A CN1718323 A CN 1718323A
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Abstract
A smelting-casting method for casting large-size TiAl-based alloy ingot without pores includes such steps as preparing consumable electrode of TiAl-based alloy by ISM technology, resmelting the TiAl-based alloy electrode and casting TiAl-based alloy ingot. It features high uniformity and large size.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of casting method of TiAl base alloy pig, be specifically related to the casting method that a kind of large scale does not have the TiAl base alloy pig of hole defect.
Background technology:
TiAl base alloy is a kind of desirable high temperature lightweight structural material, is expected to be widely used on the hot-end component in fields such as Aero-Space and automobile.An important channel that obtains this alloy components is hot mechanical treatment, and its basic link comprises ingot casting+forging+machining.In order to improve working (machining) efficiency, urgent day by day to the demand of large scale TiAl base alloy pig, the TiAl base alloy pig that adopts the direct pouring mode to cast, the utilization rate of its material has only 30%, and remainder exists shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosite.TiAl base alloy graining characteristics transitivity characteristics have determined the casting difficulty of TiAl base alloy pig, and the particularity of TiAl base alloy melting process shows: the reaction heat height of (1), alloying element course of dissolution; (2), to the sensitiveness height of interstitial element; (3), alloying element content height with respect to titanium alloy; (4), the alloying component tolerance is little; (5), each element rerum natura difference is big in the alloy; (6), alloy melt chemism height.These above-mentioned characteristics have increased difficulty for the high-quality alloy melt of acquisition, and these characteristics have determined melting furnace must utilize water jacketed copper crucible to hold the reactive alloys melt, to avoid the pollution of crucible to alloy melt.Existing method of smelting has all adopted vacuum and water jacketed copper crucible technology, and what wherein be most widely used is to adopt vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting (Vacuum ArcRemelting---VAR) and water jacketed copper crucible vacuum induction skull melting (Induction Skull Melting---ISM).Adopt the ISM melting technique, TiAl base alloy melt temperature and volatilization loss amount in fusion process can accurately be controlled, the TiAl base alloy cast ingot of being poured into a mould can guarantee the ingot casting composition, but utilize the ISM melting technique, adopt conventional ingot casting technology to be difficult to obtain the ingot casting of large-size, the characteristics by TiAl base alloy graining process determine on the one hand; Be decided by that on the other hand the used crucible capacity of ISM melting is less.Adopt the VAR melting technique, alloy is in fusion process, solidifying simultaneously of the fusing of electrode and melt carried out, more easily realize consecutive solidification, but in fusion process, because the homogeneity of ingredients of electrode itself to the influence of ingot casting homogeneity of ingredients significantly, if use original material, directly melt as titanium sponge, aluminium ingot, piece (particle) shape alloying element with VAR, the ingot casting uneven components that obtains, and the volatilization loss amount of low melting point element is very big, more seriously can't accurately control the volatilization loss amount of low melting point element at present.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to adopt the utilization rate of direct pouring technologic material low for solving in the existing TiAl base alloy melting method; Adopt water jacketed copper crucible vacuum induction skull melting technology to be difficult to obtain the ingot casting of large-size; Adopt the vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting technology, have the ingot casting uneven components, can't accurately control the volatilization loss amount problem of low melting point element and a kind of large scale of providing does not have the casting method of the TiAl base alloy pig of hole defect.It is finished by following steps: a, employing water jacketed copper crucible 2 vacuum induction skull melting technology founding TiAl base alloy consutrode; B, employing vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting technology remelting TiAl base alloy electrode prepare TiAl base alloy cast ingot; Described water jacketed copper crucible 2 vacuum induction scull casting technology founding TiAl base alloy consutrode is finished by following steps: a ', the fusing of TiAl base alloy raw material: titanium sponge 3 is put in the water jacketed copper crucible 2 puts, 1/4～1/3 space is left on the top of the last end distance water jacketed copper crucible 2 of titanium sponge 3, again with lower floor's aluminium block 6, intermediate alloy 5, upper strata aluminium block 4 buries the middle part that is placed in the titanium sponge 3 by order from top to bottom, the vacuum chamber that will hold water jacketed copper crucible 2 is evacuated to 0.01～1Pa, applying argon gas to 500～1200Pa, be evacuated to 0.01～1Pa again, three times so repeatedly, all the time the vacuum that will hold the vacuum chamber of water jacketed copper crucible 2 remains between 0.01～1Pa, connect water jacketed copper crucible 2 power supplys afterwards, with the fusing of the alloy raw material in the water jacketed copper crucible 2, supply frequency is controlled between 5～7kHz, power is controlled between 150～350kW, power increases with the speed of≤0.5kW/s, insulation 5～10min, again power is reduced to 200～300kW, insulation 3～5min; The cast of b ', TiAl base alloy electrode: cast TiAl base alloy melt on the outer surface below the electrode tip 1, the length L of each cast is 15～35cm, pouring temperature is 1550～1650 ℃, guarantee every stove bath composition poor＜0.2%, TiAl base alloy electrode ingot 7 after the cast is cooled in vacuum chamber below 300 ℃, fills air in vacuum chamber, takes out TiAl base alloy electrode ingot 7, so repeatedly, until needed electrode length.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: one, the duplex technology that the present invention utilizes ISM melting technique and conventional VAR melting technique to combine prepares TiAl base alloy cast ingot, utilize the ISM melting technique to obtain alloying component advantage of uniform and conventional VAR melting technique local melting, the characteristics of consecutive solidification, the TiAl base alloy pig that the duplex casting technology founding of adopting ISM melting technique founding electrode and conventional VAR melting technique to carry out remelting becomes, can significantly improve the yield rate of ingot casting, and be easy to control the alloying component precision, utilize the duplex casting technology of ISM-VAR to water and cast out the TiAl base alloy cast ingot that large scale does not have hole defect.Two, the TiAl base alloy pig that adopts direct pouring procedure to be cast into, its ingot casting yield rate＜40%; The TiAl base alloy pig that adopts duplex casting technology founding of the present invention to become, its ingot casting yield rate＞60%.Three, in the melting method of TiAl base alloy raw material, the mode that raw metal adopts layering to put can prevent the generation of thermal explosion, also can guarantee the accurate of alloying component consumption simultaneously.Four, according to the specification requirement founding one-time electrode of VAR smelting furnace, major parameter is electrode diameter and electrode length, because electrode quality greater than the capacity of water jacketed copper crucible induction melting furnace, therefore needs utilization castingin technology to realize the preparation of big quality electrode to guarantee TiAl base alloy pig.The key of this technology utilization is: (1), water the length of injecting electrode at every turn; (2), pouring temperature; (3), castingin surface state.Utilize the castingin technology can be with TiAl base alloy melt and firm the coupling together of electrode tip.Five, in the ISM fusion process according to the needs of castingin, to control TiAl base alloy melt composition and temperature, adopt T=F (G during control TiAl base alloy melt temperature, P) model, T wherein, G, P is respectively temperature, quality of furnace charge and melting power, the pouring temperature that guarantees TiAl base alloy melt is between 1550～1650 ℃, adopt C=F (Me+Ms+Mi+T+G) model during control TiAl base alloy melt composition, C wherein, Me, Ms, Mi, T, G is respectively the content of certain constituent element, the volatilization loss amount of this constituent element, the content of this constituent element in scull, the initial content of this constituent element in furnace charge, TiAl base alloy melt temperature and quality of furnace charge, guarantee every stove TiAl base alloy melt composition poor＜0.2%; Control each pouring length except that the capacity of considering water jacketed copper crucible, also need to prevent the excessive lead rupture that causes of stress according to the shrinkage character of alloy itself, therefore each pouring length should be controlled between 15～35cm.Six, the casting method of the present invention advantage that has simply, realize easily, the TiAl base alloy cast ingot composition uniformity that utilizes this method founding to go out, ingot casting yield rate height, and fusiblely cast out large-sized TiAl base alloy cast ingot.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of putting raw metal in water jacketed copper crucible 2, Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of founding TiAl base alloy electrode ingot 7, Fig. 3 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of electrode tip 1, and Fig. 4 is the sample position figure of TiAl base alloy cast ingot, and Fig. 5 is the metallographic structure figure of TiAl base alloy cast ingot inside.
The specific embodiment:
The specific embodiment one: in conjunction with 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 illustrate present embodiment, present embodiment is finished by following two steps: a, adopt water jacketed copper crucible 2 vacuum induction skull melting technology founding TiAl base alloy consutrode; B, employing vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting technology remelting TiAl base alloy electrode prepare TiAl base alloy cast ingot; Described water jacketed copper crucible 2 vacuum induction scull casting technology founding TiAl base alloy consutrode is finished by following steps: a ', the fusing of TiAl base alloy raw material: titanium sponge 3 is put in the water jacketed copper crucible 2 puts, 1/4～1/3 space is left on the top of the last end distance water jacketed copper crucible 2 of titanium sponge 3, again with lower floor's aluminium block 6, intermediate alloy 5, upper strata aluminium block 4 buries the middle part that is placed in the titanium sponge 3 by order from top to bottom, the vacuum chamber that will hold water jacketed copper crucible 2 is evacuated to 0.01～1Pa, applying argon gas to 500～1200Pa, be evacuated to 0.01～1Pa again, three times so repeatedly, all the time the vacuum that will hold the vacuum chamber of water jacketed copper crucible 2 remains between 0.01～1Pa, connect water jacketed copper crucible 2 power supplys afterwards, with the fusing of the alloy raw material in the water jacketed copper crucible 2, supply frequency is controlled between 5～7kHz, power is controlled between 150～350kW, power increases with the speed of≤0.5kW/s, insulation 5～10min, again power is reduced to 200～300kW, insulation 3～5min; The cast of b ', TiAl base alloy electrode: cast TiAl base alloy melt on the outer surface below the electrode tip 1, the length L of each cast is 15～35cm, pouring temperature is 1550～1650 ℃, guarantee every stove bath composition poor＜0.2%, TiAl base alloy electrode ingot 7 after the cast is cooled in vacuum chamber below 300 ℃, fills air in vacuum chamber, takes out TiAl base alloy electrode ingot 7, so repeatedly, until needed electrode length.In order to prevent the fusing order of the TiAl base alloy raw material in thermal explosion and the control water jacketed copper crucible 2, power increases with the ladder form, and power is increased to different maximum (less than 350kW).
The specific embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 illustrates present embodiment, the difference of the present embodiment and the specific embodiment one is: in a ' step of present embodiment, 1/3 space is left on the top of the last end distance water jacketed copper crucible 2 of titanium sponge 3, the vacuum chamber that will hold water jacketed copper crucible 2 is evacuated to 0.5Pa, applying argon gas is to 850Pa, be evacuated to 0.5Pa again, three times so repeatedly, all the time the vacuum that will hold the vacuum chamber of water jacketed copper crucible 2 remains on 0.5Pa, and the supply frequency of water jacketed copper crucible 2 is 6kHz, and power is 300kW, power increases with the speed of≤0.5kW/s, insulation 10min is reduced to 250kW with power again, insulation 5min; In b ' step, the length L of at every turn watering injecting electrode is 30cm, and pouring temperature is 1600 ℃, and the TiAl base alloy electrode ingot 7 after the cast is cooled to 250 ℃ in vacuum chamber.Raw metal is placed in the water jacketed copper crucible 2 puts, and vacuumize repeatedly, applying argon gas, can reduce the dividing potential drop of the pernicious gas in the water jacketed copper crucible 2 like this, thereby reduce the oxygen that dissolved in the TiAl base alloy melt and the content of nitrogen.
The specific embodiment three: in conjunction with Fig. 2, Fig. 3 present embodiment is described, the electrode tip 1 of present embodiment adopts the TC4 alloy material to make.The electrode tip 1 that adopts this alloy material to make, its intensity is good, is convenient to clamping.
The specific embodiment four: in conjunction with Fig. 4 present embodiment is described, present embodiment is finished by following two steps: a, employing water jacketed copper crucible 2 vacuum induction scull casting technology founding TiAl base alloy consutrode; B, employing vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting technology remelting TiAl base alloy electrode prepare TiAl base alloy cast ingot; Method with water jacketed copper crucible 2 vacuum induction scull casting technology founding TiAl base alloy consutrode is finished by following steps: a ', the fusing of TiAl base alloy raw material: components by weight percentage Al:32.5%, V:2.75%, Cr:1.36%, Ni:0.76%, all the other are that titanium sponge 3 is stand-by, earlier titanium sponge 3 is put in the water jacketed copper crucible 2 and puts, 1/4～1/3 space is left on the top of the last end distance water jacketed copper crucible 2 of titanium sponge 3, again with the Al piece, V, Cr, Ni, the Al piece buries the middle part that is placed in the titanium sponge 3 by order from top to bottom, the vacuum chamber that will hold water jacketed copper crucible 2 is evacuated to 0.8Pa, applying argon gas is to 1000Pa, be evacuated to 0.8Pa again, three times so repeatedly, all the time the vacuum that will hold the vacuum chamber of water jacketed copper crucible 2 remains between the 0.8Pa, connect the power supply of water jacketed copper crucible 2 afterwards, with the fusing of the alloy raw material in the water jacketed copper crucible 2, supply frequency is controlled between 5～7kHz, power is controlled at 300kW, power increases with the speed of≤0.5kW/s, insulation 10min, again power is reduced to 200kW, insulation 3～5min; The castingin of b ', TiAl base alloy electrode: the outer surface with electrode tip 1 below processes cannelure 1-1 earlier, then at the outer surface cast TiAl of cannelure 1-1 base alloy melt, the length L of each cast is 25cm, pouring temperature is 1590 ℃, guarantee every stove TiAl base alloy melt composition poor＜0.2%, TiAl base alloy electrode ingot 7 after the cast is cooled in vacuum chamber below 300 ℃, in vacuum chamber, fill air, take out TiAl base alloy electrode ingot 7, so repeatedly, until needed electrode length.The TiAl base alloy cast ingot that founding becomes adopts the lathe car to get the way sampling of cutting, carries out the wet chemical analysis of chemical composition, and analysis result sees Table 1.
Table 1 adopts the chemical analysis test results of the TiAl base alloy cast ingot of duplex casting ingot method founding one-tenth
| Al | V | Cr | Ni | |
| Top edge | 32.56 | 2.82 | 1.42 | 0.75 |
| In the middle of the top | 32.65 | 2.81 | 1.44 | 0.74 |
| Top heart portion | 32.63 | 2.74 | 1.38 | 0.78 |
| Lower edge | 32.54 | 2.76 | 1.38 | 0.81 |
| In the middle of the bottom | 32.56 | 2.84 | 1.36 | 0.79 |
| Bottom heart portion | 32.57 | 2.80 | 1.36 | 0.75 |
| The composition theoretical value | 32.57 | 2.75 | 1.36 | 0.76 |
From table 1, can find out, take this duplex casting technology, can realize the target alloying component, and the inner no hole defect (referring to accompanying drawing 5) of ingot casting.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of large scale does not have the casting method of the TiAl base alloy pig of hole defect, and it is finished by following two steps: a, employing water jacketed copper crucible (2) vacuum induction skull melting technology smelting TiAl-base alloy consutrode; B, employing vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting technology remelting TiAl base alloy electrode prepare TiAl base alloy cast ingot; It is characterized in that described water jacketed copper crucible (2) vacuum induction skull melting technology founding TiAl base alloy consutrode finished by following steps: a ', the fusing of TiAl base alloy raw material: titanium sponge (3) is put in the water jacketed copper crucible (2) puts, 1/4～1/3 space is left on the top of the last end distance water jacketed copper crucible (2) of titanium sponge (3), again with lower floor's aluminium block (6), intermediate alloy (5), upper strata aluminium block (4) buries the middle part that is placed in the titanium sponge (3) by order from top to bottom, the vacuum chamber that will hold water jacketed copper crucible (2) is evacuated to 0.01～1Pa, applying argon gas to 500～1200Pa, be evacuated to 0.01～1Pa again, three times so repeatedly, all the time the vacuum in the water jacketed copper crucible (2) is remained between 0.01～1Pa, connect water jacketed copper crucible (2) power supply afterwards, with the fusing of the alloy raw material in the water jacketed copper crucible (2), supply frequency is controlled between 5～7kHz, power is controlled between 150～350kW, power increases with the speed of≤0.5kW/s, insulation 5～10min, again power is reduced to 200～300kW, insulation 3～5min; The cast of b ', TiAl base alloy electrode: cast TiAl base alloy melt on the outer surface of electrode tip (1) below, the length (L) of each cast is 15～35cm, pouring temperature is 1550～1650 ℃, guarantee every stove bath composition poor＜0.2%, TiAl base alloy electrode ingot (7) after the cast is cooled in vacuum chamber below 300 ℃, fills air in vacuum chamber, takes out TiAl base alloy electrode ingot (7), so repeatedly, until needed electrode length.
2, large scale according to claim 1 does not have the casting method of the TiAl base alloy pig of hole defect, 1/3 space is left on last end distance water jacketed copper crucible (2) top that it is characterized in that the titanium sponge (3) in a ' step, the vacuum chamber that will hold water jacketed copper crucible (2) is evacuated to 0.5Pa, applying argon gas is to 850Pa, be evacuated to 0.5Pa again, three times so repeatedly, all the time the vacuum that will hold the vacuum chamber of water jacketed copper crucible (2) remains on 0.5Pa, the supply frequency of water jacketed copper crucible (2) is 6kHz, power increases with the speed of≤0.5kW/s, and power is 300kW, insulation 10min, again power is reduced to 250kW, insulation 5min; The length (L) of at every turn watering injecting electrode in b ' step is 30cm, and pouring temperature is 1600 ℃, and the TiAl base alloy electrode ingot (7) after the cast is cooled to 250 ℃ in vacuum chamber.
3, large scale according to claim 1 does not have the casting method of the TiAl base alloy pig of hole defect, it is characterized in that the electrode tip (1) in b ' step adopts the TC4 alloy material to make.
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| CN101397619B (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2010-06-02 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Novel casting titanium alloy ZTi-6Al-4V-0.01Y |
| CN102312111A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2012-01-11 | 上海交通大学 | Method for preparing TiAl alloy through melting with consumable vacuum arc furnace |
| CN104388714A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-03-04 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Smelting preparation method of large-sized titanium-aluminum intermetallic ingot |
| CN105525142A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-04-27 | 北京百慕航材高科技股份有限公司 | Low cost titanium alloy and homogenization preparation method thereof |
| CN105618723A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-01 | 沈阳铸造研究所 | Inert atmosphere-based skull melting and casting process adopting consumable titanium alloy electrode |
| CN108866365A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-23 | 江苏钛坦新材料有限公司 | A kind of high-quality titanium aluminium pre-alloyed powder electrode preparation method |
| CN113829696A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Titanium alloy and titanium-aluminum alloy casting and compounding device and method |
| CN114934205A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-23 | 西北工业大学 | Smelting method for high-purity nickel-based high-temperature alloy |
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| CN1035560C (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1997-08-06 | 航空航天工业部第六二一研究所 | Uniformized smelt casting tech. for titanium-aluminium compound base alloy |
| JP3915324B2 (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2007-05-16 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | Titanium aluminide alloy material and castings thereof |
| CN1164780C (en) * | 2001-12-25 | 2004-09-01 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Process for vacuum induction smelting of Ti-Al-Nb-B alloy |
| CN1322156C (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2007-06-20 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Titanium three-aluminum base alloy and method for preparing same |
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| CN101397619B (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2010-06-02 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Novel casting titanium alloy ZTi-6Al-4V-0.01Y |
| CN102312111A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2012-01-11 | 上海交通大学 | Method for preparing TiAl alloy through melting with consumable vacuum arc furnace |
| CN104388714A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-03-04 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Smelting preparation method of large-sized titanium-aluminum intermetallic ingot |
| CN104388714B (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-08-10 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of smelting preparation method of large scale Intermatallic Ti-Al compound ingot casting |
| CN105618723A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-01 | 沈阳铸造研究所 | Inert atmosphere-based skull melting and casting process adopting consumable titanium alloy electrode |
| CN105618723B (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2018-03-27 | 沈阳铸造研究所 | A kind of titanium alloy consumable electrode skull melting casting technique based on inert atmosphere |
| CN105525142A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-04-27 | 北京百慕航材高科技股份有限公司 | Low cost titanium alloy and homogenization preparation method thereof |
| CN105525142B (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-09-19 | 北京百慕航材高科技股份有限公司 | A kind of low-cost titanium alloy and its homogenization preparation method |
| CN108866365A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-23 | 江苏钛坦新材料有限公司 | A kind of high-quality titanium aluminium pre-alloyed powder electrode preparation method |
| CN113829696A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Titanium alloy and titanium-aluminum alloy casting and compounding device and method |
| CN114934205A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-23 | 西北工业大学 | Smelting method for high-purity nickel-based high-temperature alloy |
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