CN1035560C - Uniformized smelt casting tech. for titanium-aluminium compound base alloy - Google Patents

Uniformized smelt casting tech. for titanium-aluminium compound base alloy Download PDF

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CN1035560C
CN1035560C CN 93116677 CN93116677A CN1035560C CN 1035560 C CN1035560 C CN 1035560C CN 93116677 CN93116677 CN 93116677 CN 93116677 A CN93116677 A CN 93116677A CN 1035560 C CN1035560 C CN 1035560C
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melting
vacuum
casting
consumable electrode
alloy
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CN1099807A (en
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曹春晓
高扬
孙福生
张鹰
张荣顺
马济民
孙育峰
李学明
周盛年
戴介泉
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No621 Inst Ministry Of Aviation & Space Industry
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Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of alloy smelting, which relates to an improvement of smelting technology for a Ti-Al intermetallic compound. The present invention is mainly characterized in that the fusion casting technology with combination of a vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace with a vacuum casting skull furnace is adopted; thus, the homogeneousness of alloy components is ensured, and the smelting problem of a large casting ingot is solved; the technology is adopted so as to provide a casting blank or casting ingot with homogeneous components and excellent metallurgical quality for deformation processing; thus, the alloy has favorable forgeability, and a heat deformation product further has favorable mechanical performance.

Description

Titanium-Al series metal compounds base alloy homogenizing founding
The invention belongs to the alloy melting technical field, relate to Ti-Al series intermetallic compound base alloy (Ti for example 3The improvement of founding Al base alloy).
Ti-Al series intermetallic compound base alloy (Ti for example 3Al, Ti 2AlNb, TiAl, TiAl 3The base alloy) owing to have lower density, higher specific tenacity, specific rigidity and oxidation-resistance, becomes the ideal material that improves the aircraft engine thrust-weight ratio.Since this century the seventies, Ti-Al series intermetallic compound base alloy has been made big quantity research abroad, and carried out research founding, forging process, referring to document HarryA.Lipsitt, Conf.onadvance high temperature alloy, USA, 1985, P.137.Plasticity is low but Ti-Al is alloy at room temperature, the approach that improves its temperature-room type plasticity is except the beta stable element of adding a great deal of with by the hot-work thinning microstructure, the homogeneity of improving alloying constituent also is crucial, and at first must obtain the uniform alloy cast ingot of composition before hot-work.Because fusing point, the specific gravity difference of Ti and Al are very big, difference is just bigger behind the alloying elements such as adding Nb, Mo, and therefore seeking the founding that makes the alloying constituent homogenizing is one of key issue of development Ti-Al series intermetallic compound base alloy.The chemical activity of Ti is very strong, can play the chemical reaction of fierceness when liquid with conventional crucible material, therefore can not use conventional crucible for smelting.The melting technology of the Ti-Al series intermetallic compound base alloy of home and abroad is to adopt vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace water jacketed copper crucible melting technology at present, raw material (titanium sponge and other alloying elements) mixed and be pressed into and be suitable for the stick electrode that vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace is installed, the melting of switching in the stove of packing into.For making homogeneity of ingredients that to a certain degree improvement be arranged, need carry out repeatedly melting.Tungsten electrode and can the big ingot casting of melting to the pollution of alloy when having avoided using non-consumable arc furnace as electrode with raw material when melting for vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace, is convenient to suitability for industrialized production, and this is its advantage place; Its shortcoming is the lack of homogeneity of the alloying constituent that melts out.Its reason is alloy liquid very fast crystallization under the cooling effect of water jacketed copper crucible, so pool depth is little during melting, and various elements are difficult to homogenizing and distribute in the alloy.Adopt the homogeneity of its composition of ingot casting of vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace founding to be difficult to control in the practice.The vacuum casting skull crucible, it has bigger molten bath, and the composition of alloy liquid more easily reaches homogenizing, but general only this equipment of use in titanium alloy casting (referring to directly cast part) is produced does not promptly adopt this equipment to be smelted into ingot casting, more not the big ingot casting of melting.
The homogenizing founding that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Ti-Al series intermetallic compound base alloy uses technology molten alloy of the present invention both can solve the problem of homogenization of composition, is convenient to carry out suitability for industrialized production again, the big ingot casting of founding.Technology of the present invention is applicable to that founding provides strand or the ingot casting that carries out deformation processing.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of homogenizing founding of Ti-Al series intermetallic compound base alloy, comprise batching and raw material is pressed into the consumable electrode that is suitable for vacuum melting, it is characterized in that, the melting method that adopts vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace and vacuum casting skull crucible to combine, promptly use earlier the vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace molten alloy, the vacuum casting skull crucible is used in the cooling back, and molten alloy and direct pouring go out strand or ingot casting for deformation processing (for example forge, push) usefulness once more.Second kind of situation of technical solution of the present invention is to use the vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace molten alloy earlier, vacuum casting skull crucible molten alloy and water and cast out bar-shaped cast ingot is once more used in cooling back, re-uses the ingot casting that vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace carries out melting for the third time and obtains to use for deformation processing after the cooling.
Melting method of the present invention compared with prior art major advantage is the homogeneity that has guaranteed the both macro and micro of alloying constituent, thereby improved the homogeneity and the stability of alloy at room temperature plasticity and various performances significantly, made it to have over-all propertieies such as good fatigue, creep.Another tangible advantage of the present invention is to be convenient to carry out suitability for industrialized production, can large-scale strand or the ingot casting of founding, and satisfy and produce in batches and the requirement of aviation heavy forging.
Below technology of the present invention is elaborated.The essential characteristic of technology of the present invention is the founding that adopts consumable electrode vacuum furnace to combine with vacuum cooling-shell furnace, because the vacuum casting skull crucible has bigger molten bath, alloying constituent is fully spread, thereby guaranteed the homogeneity of alloy.The vacuum casting skull crucible is that the direct pouring part uses in general titanium alloy casting production, and the purpose of using this technology in the present invention is to promote the alloying constituent homogenizing, produces strand or ingot casting for deformation processing.The inventive method control of its working condition in use can be undertaken by the routine requirement of consumable electrode vacuum furnace and vacuum cooling-shell furnace, and its specific embodiment is as follows:
1, electrode preparation.Adopt hydropress compacting electrode, the granularity of titanium sponge is smaller or equal to 25.4 millimeters, and master alloy is with aluminium foil packing or directly add in the middle of the titanium sponge, is pressed into the electrode of circle or polygonal cross-section on hydropress, and its density is: 3.0~3.7g/cm 3, the pressure during compacting is 196~490MPa, the compacting back is welded into needed length with argon shield plasma welding or argon arc welding with little cube electrode.
2, vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace melting.The diameter d of electrode used therein is 0.63~0.88 with the ratio of crucible diameter D, and melting voltage is 23~35 volts, and the melting current density is 5~60A/cm 2, the vacuum tightness during melting is 2.5~0.5Pa.
3, vacuum casting skull melting casting.Melting voltage is 25~40 volts, and the melting current density is 40~60A/cm 2, melting vacuum tightness is 2.5~0.5Pa.
Finish after the melting, alloy liquid is poured in the high-quality graphite jig of process vacuum high-temperature degasification.Adopt ring mould rotational casting technology during the casting ring-shaped casting blank, mould rotates with the chassis, and rotating speed is that per minute 100~2000 changes.The annular cast of Ti-Al series intermetallic compound base alloy can directly be rolled into ring-shaped work pieces.The general conical molds that adopts when casting is used for the ingot casting of deformation processing, it can control the order of solidifying of alloy, makes its consecutive solidification from bottom to top, slows down the setting rate on ingot casting top, makes to move in the shrinkage cavity and reduce internal porosity.The general cylindrical die that adopts when casting is used for the described consumable electrode of following technological process 4.
4, vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace melting once more.Time spent is in order further to guarantee the ingot casting internal soundness and to reduce the rising head loss, or for the melting large-sized casting ingot, the ingot casting that the founding of vacuum casting skull crucible can be become is as electrode (during the founding large-sized casting ingot, methods such as available welding connect into large-scale electrode with a plurality of ingot castings that the skull crucible founding becomes), founding becomes the ingot casting of using for deformation processing once more in vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace.The melting technology parameter is with above-mentioned technological process 2.Generally only need melting once in the above-mentioned technological process 2 or 4, in some cases also can continuous smelting 2,3 times.Test-results shows: adopt Ti-24Al-11Nb (atomic percent), Ti-25Al-10Nb-3V-1Mo (atomic percent) and the Ti-48Al-2Mn alloy cast ingots such as (atomic percents) of technology founding of the present invention, its homogeneity of ingredients and the control of impurity element level have obtained gratifying effect.Below table 1 be technology of the present invention and the correlation data of using the consumable electrode vacuum furnace melting technology to the influence of ingot casting macroscopic view homogeneity of ingredients, table 2 is two kinds of technologies correlation datas to the inhomogeneity influence of ingot casting micro components.
The correlation data of table 1 ingot casting macroscopic view homogeneity of ingredients
Use self-consuming furnace melting three times (weight percent) Melting technology of the present invention (weight percent)
Value type Mean value Maximum value Minimum value Undulating quantity Mean value Maximum value Minimum value Undulating quantity
Al 14.20 14.60 13.56 1.04 14.09 14.41 13.77 0.64
Nb 20.04 21.10 18.10 3.0 19.45 19.70 18.76 0.94
V 3.36 3.61 3.28 0.33 3.41 3.48 3.31 0.17
Mo 2.27 2.33 2.11 0.22 2.23 2.33 2.17 0.16
Annotate: data are taken from four cross sections of ingot casting (head, middle and upper part, middle and lower part and bottom) in the table, in each cross section is divided, in, outer three positions, get the chemical analysis results at 12 positions altogether.
Table 2 ingot casting micro components homogeneity correlation data
Use self-consuming furnace melting three times (weight percent) Melting technology of the present invention (weight percent)
Value type Mean value Maximum value Minimum value Undulating quantity Mean value Maximum value Minimum value Undulating quantity
AL 12.44 14,40 9.59 4.81 14.09 14.92 13.04 1.88
Nb 21.05 21.92 19.78 2.14 18.94 19.54 18.24 1.30
V 3.24 3.43 2.65 0.78 3.40 3.55 3.08 0.47
Mo 2.32 2.51 2.20 1.31 1.88 2.23 1.71 0.52
Annotate: data are taken from the tension specimen cross section radius (2.5 millimeters) and are made a call to 10 points equably in the table, and the beam diameter of electronic probe is 30 microns.
By the data in the table 1,2 as seen, the undulating quantity of processing alloy composition of the present invention makes it obtain good control much smaller than existing technology.
Embodiment 1
Ti-25Al-10Nb-3V-1Mo (atomic percent) Ti 3The manufacturing of Al base alloy annular strand.
* alloying ingredient composition: Ti-14.3Al-19.4Nb-3.2V-2Mo (weight percent).
* melting for the first time.Use 200 kilograms of vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace meltings, 105 millimeters of electrode diameters, 160 millimeters of crucible diameter, 27~28 volts of melting voltages, melting electric current 3.4~3.7 kilo-amperes, melting vacuum tightness 1.5~0.5Pa.50 kilograms of ingot casting weight, 160 * 600 millimeters of ingot casting size Φ.
* melting for the second time.Use the founding of 50 kilograms of vacuum casting skull crucibles, with above-mentioned Φ 160 ingot castings as electrode, 270 * 330 millimeters of crucible size Φ, 27~28 volts of melting voltages, melting electric current 11 kilo-amperes, melting vacuum tightness 2.2~1.8Pa, smelting time 6.5 minutes.Adopt annular graphite jig during casting and with centrifugal pan rotation, rotating speed is that per minute 300 changes, the ring base that waters is of a size of 373 * 140 * 69 millimeters of Φ (external diameter * internal diameter * height).The chemical analysis results of ring-shaped casting blank sees Table 3.
The inside and outside different sites chemical component fluctuation scope (weight percent) of table 3 ring base.
Al Nb Mo V
14.26~14.46 19.25~19.36 2.14~2.16 3.46~3.49
This ring base is rolled into Φ 656 * 600 * 80 mm round spares through 1200 ℃.Also can after getting material, annular element be rolled into bar.Its main mechanical property sees Table 4.
Table 4 rolls the main mechanical property of ring and bar.
The sampling kind Room temperature tensile 700 ℃ of stretchings
σ bMPa σ 0.2MPa δ% ψ% σ bMPa σ 0.2MPa δ% ψ%
Ring 898 784 3.2 5.4 709 548 10.2 22.5
Bar 1075 803 10.9 11.3 575 510 43.5 53.7
Embodiment 2Ti-25Al-10Nb-3V-Mo (atomic percent) Ti 3The manufacturing of the cylindrical ingot casting of Al base alloy.
* alloying ingredient composition: Ti-14.3Al-19.5Nb-3.3V-2.1Mo (weight percent).
* melting for the first time.Use 200 kilograms of vacuum consumable electrode arc furnaces, 105 millimeters of electrode diameters, other processing parameters obtain 160 * 1300 millimeters ingot castings of Φ (heavy 120 kg) with embodiment 1 after the melting.
* founding for the second time.Use 50 kilograms of vacuum cooling-shell furnaces, with 160 millimeters ingot castings of above-mentioned Φ is electrode, processing parameter is with embodiment 1, smelting time 11 minutes, be cast to after the melting in the graphite jig of the top electrode of clamping when the next melting of confession of band cavity is placed in the bottom that 800 ℃ of vacuum strippings are handled, through the ingot casting (weighing 108 kilograms) that obtains being of a size of 165 * 110 millimeters of Φ after the two stove meltings.
* melting for the third time.Using 200 kilograms of vacuum consumable electrode arc furnaces, is electrode with 165 millimeters ingot castings of above-mentioned Φ, 220 millimeters of crucible diameter, 24~34 volts of melting voltages, melting electric current 5.6 kilo-amperes, melting vacuum tightness 2.4~1.8Pa, melting 40 minutes, the ingot casting that obtains are of a size of 220 * 600 millimeters of Φ.The both macro and micro homogeneity of ingot casting composition sees Table process portion of the present invention in 1,2.Use the forged aircraft engine two-stage turbine of this ingot casting coupling collar to carry out the engines ground test run.
Embodiment 3
Ti-24Al-11Nb (atomic percent) Ti 3The manufacturing of the conical ingot casting of Al base alloy.
* alloying ingredient composition: Ti-14.3Al-21.5Nb (weight percent).
* melting for the first time.Use 200 kilograms of vacuum consumable electrode arc furnaces, 75 millimeters of electrode diameters, 27~30 volts of melting voltages, 120 millimeters of crucible diameter, melting electric current 2.8 kilo-amperes, melting vacuum tightness 1.6~0.7Pa, 7 fens halfs of melting obtain 120 * 300 millimeters ingot castings of Φ after the melting.
* melting for the second time.Using 8 kilograms of vacuum cooling-shell furnaces, is electrode with above-mentioned ingot casting, 200 * 250 millimeters of crucible size Φ, and 35 volts of melting voltages, melting electric current 5.5 kilo-amperes, vacuum tightness 2.4~1.3Pa, melting 3 minutes and 40 seconds is cast in the conical molds.The composition analysis of this ingot casting the results are shown in Table 5, and the main mechanical property that ingot casting is swaged into behind the bar sees Table 6.
Table 5 alloy component analysis result (weight percent).
On In Down
In In Outward In In Outward In In Outward
Al 14.07 14.11 14.34 14.15 14.01 14.27 14.32 14.01 14.15
Nb 20.15 20.61 20.66 20.58 21.08 21.07 21.25 20.78 20.88
Annotate: ingot casting is got three cross sections, upper, middle and lower along its length, that each cross section is divided again is interior, in, outer sampling carries out chemical analysis.
The main mechanical property of table 6 bar.
Room temperature tensile 700 ℃ of stretchings
σbMPa σ 0.2MPa δ% ψ% σ bMPa σ 0.2MPa δ% ψ%
757 512 13.8 15.6 438 284 35.8 30.2
Embodiment 4
The manufacturing of Ti-48Al-2Mn (atomic percent) TiAl base alloy annular foundry goods.
* alloying ingredient composition: Ti-34.5Al-1.55Mn (weight percent).
* melting for the first time.Use 200 kilograms of consumable electrode vacuum furnace meltings, 75 millimeters of electrode diameters, 120 millimeters of crucible diameter, 26~28 volts of melting voltages, melting electric current 2.4 kilo-amperes, vacuum tightness 2.5~1.5Pa.
* melting for the second time.Use 200 kilograms of vacuum consumable electrode arc furnaces, 120 millimeters of electrode diameters, 160 millimeters of crucible diameter, 26~29 volts of melting voltages, melting electric current 4.1 kilo-amperes, vacuum tightness 1.8~1.2Pa, smelting time 27 minutes.
* melting for the third time.Use 50 kilograms of vacuum cooling-shell furnaces, 160 millimeters of electrode diameters, 270 * 330 millimeters of crucible size Φ, 30~38 volts of melting voltages, melting electric current 11 kilo-amperes, vacuum tightness 1~0.5Pa, smelting time 7 minutes and 25 seconds.Mold centrifugal pan rotating speed per minute 400 changes during casting, and strand is of a size of 373 * 70 millimeters of Φ, and its chemical analysis results sees Table 7.
Table 7 ring chemical composition analysis result (weight percent).
On In Down
In In Outward In In Outward In In
Outward Al 34.74 34.13 34.58 34.89 34.08 34.15 34.81
34.41 Mn 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.42 1.44 1.37 1.40

Claims (2)

1, a kind of homogenizing founding of Ti-Al series intermetallic compound base alloy is characterized in that, preparation raw material and raw material is pressed into the consumable electrode that is suitable for vacuum melting; The melting method that adopts vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace and vacuum casting skull crucible to combine promptly uses the vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace molten alloy earlier, and the vacuum casting skull crucible is used in the cooling back, and molten alloy and direct pouring go out strand or the ingot casting of using for deformation processing once more; When adopting the vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace melting, the melting current density is 5~60A/cm 2, vacuum tightness is 2.5~0.5Pa, when adopting the vacuum casting skull melting, the melting current density is 40~60A/cm 2, vacuum tightness is 2.5~0.5Pa.
2, founding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the melting method molten alloy that employing vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace and vacuum casting skull crucible combine also is cast into after the ingot casting, this ingot casting is carried out melting for the third time as electrode in vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace, obtain the ingot casting of using for deformation processing.
CN 93116677 1993-09-02 1993-09-02 Uniformized smelt casting tech. for titanium-aluminium compound base alloy Expired - Fee Related CN1035560C (en)

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CN1319681C (en) * 2005-08-05 2007-06-06 哈尔滨工业大学 Casting method of large size hole defect less TiA1 base alloy ingot
CN100393473C (en) * 2006-03-16 2008-06-11 中国航空工业第一集团公司北京航空材料研究院 High-strength dual-phase titanium alloy welding wire
CN100402681C (en) * 2006-09-05 2008-07-16 中国铝业股份有限公司 Preparation method of Al-TiC master alloy
CN101397619B (en) * 2007-09-26 2010-06-02 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 Novel casting titanium alloy ZTi-6Al-4V-0.01Y
CN102225504B (en) * 2011-04-06 2013-12-25 宝鸡鑫泽钛镍有限公司 Process for fabricating high precision titanium and titanium alloy plates
CN102212766B (en) * 2011-05-24 2012-10-03 哈尔滨工业大学 Hot machining method for thinning Ti2AlNb-based alloy grains
CN102367523B (en) * 2011-10-08 2012-12-05 中南大学 Method for melting titanium alloy containing high-melting point alloy element
CN103555961A (en) * 2013-11-07 2014-02-05 哈尔滨工业大学 Smelting method for manufacturing large-sized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot
CN104928531B (en) * 2015-05-12 2017-03-01 哈尔滨工业大学 A kind of homogenization TiAl alloy lamellar microstructure and preparation method thereof
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