CN1703384B - 制备多层水泥制品的方法和设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种生产多层水泥制品的方法，包括步骤：在搅拌容器中将水泥材料与水混和来形成水性浆体，通过出口将浆体从所述搅拌容器排放到支撑物上，在所述出口处或其附近向所述浆体中加入固化加速剂。
Description
本发明涉及制备水泥基制品如建筑预制件的方法和设备。该类制品的实例包括石膏板、隔离板、天花板和纤维增强板。
石膏是硫酸钙CaSO4无机物形式或半水合物形式的通称，也叫灰泥或熟石膏，由脱水石膏热转化制备。灰泥是用于生产上述制品的主要成分。
石膏板类制品由基材、纸板、灰泥、水、淀粉、和一些添加剂如加速剂、缓凝剂和泡沫制得。墙板或石膏板是覆有纸板的大而薄的石膏板。灰泥与水和添加剂一起被供入连续搅拌器内。然后将制得的浆体供给一连续纸板，盖上第二片纸板，然后经模台成型为包带。这种石膏板带初始柔软但很快固化并因此硬化，切成单板。干燥并按要求精加工这种单板。
在进入板切割机前石膏板的充分固化非常重要。在连续基体上生产石膏板，切割机位置的变化取决于工艺特征。商业上要求提高石膏板的制造速率，因此需要减少板到达切割机的时间。
虽然浆体被倒入模具来制备预定形状和尺寸的板，但天花板和隔离板的制备过程类似。如需制备纤维板，浆体还要含有合适的纤维如玻璃或纸纤维。
浆体的固化和硬化时间可由各种添加剂来控制。如无机酸及其盐如钾盐或硫酸及其盐的添加剂特别有用。通常使用CaSO4.2H2O(石膏粉无机物与皂(Nansa)混和)。某种程度上，通过增加石膏溶解度，加速剂使浆体能更快速地固化。加速固化和硬化浆体时必须有加速剂，然而控制水快速吸收时还要使用缓凝剂，其通常含有水溶性亲水胶体如蛋白质。这能使柔性石膏浆体在获得与基体牢固结合的过程完成之前保持可塑性。
已知的石膏生产过程中，在浆体流到纸板或供入模具之前，所有的添加剂按计量加入搅拌器并在其中与浆体充分混和。然而一些情况下搅拌器自身中的固化和硬化过程发生太快，从而在搅拌器中发生水合作用或在流出的浆体中结块。
根据本发明，提供了一种生产多层石膏板制品的方法，包括步骤：
a)在搅拌容器中将水泥材料与水混和来形成水性浆体，
b)通过出口将浆体从所述搅拌容器排放到支撑物上，使浆体在所述出口的入口处为湍流状态，
c)从搅拌器的所述出口和所述浆体出口处或其附近向所述浆体中加入固化加速剂，使加速剂与浆体在浆体的湍流状态下混合。
有利地将加速剂加入水泥浆体中而不是完全加入到搅拌容器中，从而避免了在搅拌器中浆体全部或部分固化或硬化的可能性，并因此避免了对搅拌器自身的损害。另外在生产过程中可在石膏浆体中加入足够量的加速剂来给板提供更快速的固化和水合，而不会在搅拌器中引起任何固化或水合。
加速剂可于搅拌容器出口的入口处加入到浆体中。有利地于出口的入口处加入加速剂，在浆体被运送到纸或纸板支撑物之前，能使来自搅拌器的浆体与加速剂混和。
另外，由于已知方法的原因，有利地将加速剂与浆体混和，而不需要在搅拌器自身中与浆体混和。当混合物湍流进入搅拌器出口时，给添加剂混和到浆体中提供了充分搅拌。
加速剂可包含选自硫酸铝、硫酸锌和硫酸钾或在混和时形成硫酸盐的其它水溶性盐的至少一种。
加速剂可为粉末形式。
加速剂可为水溶液形式。
加速剂可选择为浆体形式。
加速剂可包含湿石膏粉。
水泥材料可为石膏或灰泥。
支撑物可为纸带或纸板片材。
出口可为一导管。
在第一支撑物上的浆体上可施加第二纸带或纸板片材。
参照下面附图，将通过实施例描述本发明：
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方案的石膏板生产设备的示意图。
图2是根据本发明的一个实施方案的石膏板生产设备的示意&半示意图。
图3是图1中搅拌器的示意图。
图4是图2中搅拌器出口的示意图。
图5是沿图4中X-X线的剖视图，未示出加速剂输入导管。
第一纸带层10从辊12上供给到传送器或传送带14上。储存容器16包含有灰泥(β-半水合石膏)并有一出口18。出口与导管12连接。计量仪22连接在导管20上来测量并控制供给导管20的灰泥量。
另一个导管24与导管20和另两个储存容器26、28连接。每个储存容器26、28包含有用于石膏板制备过程的合适的添加剂。这些添加剂可包括缓凝剂如有机酸及其盐、或胶粘剂、粘合剂、分散助剂和其它已知的有助于生产的常规添加剂。
导管24的出口连接搅拌器30。搅拌器包括一个圆柱形容器，内有旋转盘31和刮板31a，如图2所示。刮板的位置和形状要使搅拌器的盖没有石膏堵塞。
水容器32与另一个添加剂储存容器34的导管36连接。容器34储存有另外的添加剂如泡沫剂。水和另外的添加剂导管在搅拌器30的导管出口38处与其连接。
搅拌器30设有出口40来将其混和的浆体供给纸带10。如图4所示，石膏浆体从搅拌器出口40经喷嘴40a喷至纸带14上。喷嘴40a可由钢或其它合适的材料制成。喷嘴40a的出口末端40b可连接在一个柔性导管上(未示出)，该导管导引石膏浆体于纸带14上以减少溅洒。另一个储存容器42包含有加速添加剂如脱水浆体。加速剂储存容器42通过导管41与搅拌器出口40连接于搅拌器出口与搅拌器30连接处附近。参照图4，这将会显得更加清楚。
搅拌器出口40主要包括孔40c，该孔也是喷嘴40a的开口或入口。应当理解可以存在有多个搅拌器出口孔。
这些孔40可位于搅拌器30下面或也可位于搅拌器30的切向或径向。孔40可为任何合适的形状如椭圆形、圆形或矩形。搅拌器出口的位置和所需出口数量取决于生产加工速度和其它生产工艺特征。重要的标准是要求石膏浆体能覆盖其直接施加的全部纸带14。
另一个储存容器44包含有合适的粘合剂来粘合纸带10和46的重叠端。第二层纸带46储存在辊50上并由其供给来覆盖浆体48的上表面。
水泥制品，或者更具体地为石膏制品，例如石膏板，通过从辊12上向移动输送器或输送带上供给第一层纸带10来形成。该纸带层可包含厚约0.5mm的纸板或其它优选形式的纸带。
储存于容器16的灰泥被供给导管20，供给量由计量仪22测量和控制。该灰泥与由容器24和26供给的添加剂混和并供给搅拌器30。其它添加剂与水混和，由水容器32和添加剂容器34供给。该混合物在搅拌器30中混和产生一种浆体，该浆体随后通过出口管40供给移动带14上的纸带10。
加速剂，例如脱水物，在搅拌器出口40的入口处从搅拌器30经导管41送入浆体48中。有利地加速剂不像其它添加剂一样供入搅拌器30的上端，而是通过搅拌器30出口40中形成的孔43来加入。这样，加速剂就不会在搅拌器自身中发生作用，例如加快浆体的硬化或固化。
可以想象，加速剂可为任何已知合适形式的加速剂，如粉末或液浆。但建议使用的加速剂含研磨无机浆体如使用湿磨法的细粉石膏或脱硫石膏(从火电厂的废气中除去二氧化硫后所得副产物)。
包含于且供给于搅拌器30的混和浆体在搅拌器出口40处为湍流状态。因此，尽管没有在搅拌器中进行常规混和，加速剂与从搅拌器30供给到出口40的湍流混合物混和良好。由加速剂和来自搅拌器的水泥浆体组成的这种均一混合物也可有利地缩短石膏固化时间。
对本发明来说，将加速剂直接供给搅拌器出口40并非必要，还可在搅拌器30的出口附近供给混合物浆体。
然后向浆流48提供粘合剂或胶粘剂，并将另一层纸带46覆于其上表面。浆体因此被夹层于两片纸带或纸板10和46之间。该两片纸带或纸板形成了所得石膏板的表层。
所得板的厚度由辊50来控制，接着采用合适的机械设备来切割或切口、折叠并粘结纸带覆盖片10、46的重叠端来制备板。当正在固化的浆体在移动传送带上运行时，另有导轨来维持板的厚度和宽度。切割板并供给干燥器来干燥石膏板。
有利地通过向搅拌器30的出口40加入足够量的加速剂，可使其固化速度快于采用向搅拌器中加入加速剂的常规方法的固化速度。另外也可不需要“缓凝剂”(向混合物中加入的化学物来延迟固化发生)。这种缓凝剂价格高并且已知对所制得的板不利，还使生产过程复杂化。另外与在搅拌器中石膏过早固化有关的问题也得到了缓解。
Claims (13)
1.一种生产多层石膏板制品的方法，包括步骤：
a)在搅拌容器中将水泥材料与水混和来形成水性浆体，
b)通过出口将浆体从所述搅拌容器排放到支撑物上，使浆体在所述出口的入口处为湍流状态，
c)从搅拌器的所述出口和所述浆体出口处或其附近向所述浆体中加入固化加速剂，使加速剂与浆体在浆体的湍流状态下混合。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中，加速剂在搅拌容器出口的入口处加入浆体中。
3.根据前述任一项权利要求的方法，其中，加速剂包含水溶性盐，当用作加速剂时该水溶性盐形成硫酸盐。
4.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中，加速剂为粉末形式。
5.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中，加速剂为水溶液形式或由水溶液混合物形成。
6.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中，加速剂为糊状形式。
7.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中，加速剂为浆体形式。
8.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中，加速剂为悬浮液形式。
9.根据权利要求1的方法，其中，水泥材料为石膏或灰泥。
10.根据权利要求1的方法，其中，支撑物为纸带或纸板片材。
11.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中，出口为一导管。
12.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中，加速剂为细湿石膏粉。
13.根据权利要求10的方法，其中，在位于第一支撑物上的浆体上施加第二纸带或纸板片材。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0223875.6 | 2002-10-15 | ||
| GBGB0223875.6A GB0223875D0 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2002-10-15 | Method and apparatus for producing a multilayer cementitious product |
| PCT/GB2003/004445 WO2004035505A1 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2003-10-15 | Method and apparatus for producing a multilayer cementitious product |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1703384A CN1703384A (zh) | 2005-11-30 |
| CN1703384B true CN1703384B (zh) | 2010-04-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2003801012650A Expired - Lifetime CN1703384B (zh) | 2002-10-15 | 2003-10-15 | 制备多层水泥制品的方法和设备 |
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| US (1) | US20060266265A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1551779B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2006524143A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100960202B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1703384B (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE352531T1 (zh) |
| AU (2) | AU2003271950A1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR0315269B1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2500816C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE60311499T2 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK1551779T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2279147T3 (zh) |
| GB (2) | GB0223875D0 (zh) |
| MA (1) | MA27476A1 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05004080A (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO329982B1 (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ539181A (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT1551779E (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2385307C2 (zh) |
| SI (1) | SI1551779T1 (zh) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7435369B2 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2008-10-14 | Bpb Plc | Method for targeted delivery of additives to varying layers in gypsum panels |
| GB2431400A (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-04-25 | Bpb Plc | Method for accelerating the setting reaction of a calcium sulphate hemihydrate and water slurry |
| RU2638666C2 (ru) * | 2011-10-24 | 2017-12-15 | Юнайтед Стэйтс Джипсам Компани | Распределитель суспензии и способ его использования |
| CN109291249B (zh) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-05-08 | 温州陆华科技有限公司 | 砌块搅拌浇注装置 |
| CN112536920A (zh) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-23 | 葛洲坝石门特种水泥有限公司 | 一种水泥复配中的混拌工艺及混拌设备 |
| CN115056349B (zh) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-05-28 | 陕西百固建材有限公司 | 一种混凝土生产用粉料添加设备 |
| CN115890896B (zh) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-05-07 | 北新建材(苏州)有限公司 | 一种智能石膏板生产线自动引纸系统 |
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- 2003-10-15 EP EP03753788A patent/EP1551779B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-15 US US10/531,309 patent/US20060266265A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| EP0681999B1 (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1999-04-14 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Improved sprayable portland cement-based fireproofing compositions |
| EP0742179B1 (de) * | 1995-05-09 | 1999-10-13 | Sika AG, vorm. Kaspar Winkler & Co. | Alkalifreier, flüssiger Abbinde- und Erhärtungsbeschleuniger für Zement |
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