CN1697639A - 物质包封层压织网 - Google Patents

物质包封层压织网 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1697639A
CN1697639A CNA028125436A CN02812543A CN1697639A CN 1697639 A CN1697639 A CN 1697639A CN A028125436 A CNA028125436 A CN A028125436A CN 02812543 A CN02812543 A CN 02812543A CN 1697639 A CN1697639 A CN 1697639A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
knitmesh
tie
point
intermediate layer
lamination
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA028125436A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
J·J·科若
D·H·本森
J·B·斯特鲁布
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Ltd
Procter and Gamble Co
Original Assignee
Procter and Gamble Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Ltd filed Critical Procter and Gamble Ltd
Publication of CN1697639A publication Critical patent/CN1697639A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/04—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a layer being specifically extensible by reason of its structure or arrangement, e.g. by reason of the chemical nature of the fibres or filaments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L1/00—Cleaning windows
    • A47L1/06—Hand implements
    • A47L1/15—Cloths, sponges, pads, or the like, e.g. containing cleaning agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L13/10—Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
    • A47L13/16—Cloths; Pads; Sponges
    • A47L13/17—Cloths; Pads; Sponges containing cleaning agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/51113—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin comprising an additive, e.g. lotion or odour control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/512—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
    • A61F13/8405—Additives, e.g. for odour, disinfectant or pH control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/0208—Tissues; Wipes; Patches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
    • B08B1/10—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools characterised by the type of cleaning tool
    • B08B1/14—Wipes; Absorbent members, e.g. swabs or sponges
    • B08B1/143—Wipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/18—Perforating by slitting, i.e. forming cuts closed at their ends without removal of material
    • B26F1/20—Perforating by slitting, i.e. forming cuts closed at their ends without removal of material with tools carried by a rotating drum or similar support
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/24—Perforating by needles or pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/023—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets using multilayered plates or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/18—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets by squeezing between surfaces, e.g. rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/007—Forming single grooves or ribs, e.g. tear lines, weak spots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7437—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a perforating tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/436—Joining sheets for making articles comprising cushioning or padding materials, the weld being performed through the cushioning material, e.g. car seats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • B29C66/7294—Non woven mats, e.g. felt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81433—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83413—Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/144—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers using layers with different mechanical or chemical conditions or properties, e.g. layers with different thermal shrinkage, layers under tension during bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0004—Cutting, tearing or severing, e.g. bursting; Cutter details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0012—Mechanical treatment, e.g. roughening, deforming, stretching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/04—Punching, slitting or perforating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/28—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in composite wrappers, i.e. wrappers formed by associating or interconnecting two or more sheets or blanks
    • B65D75/30—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/049—Cleaning or scouring pads; Wipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/08—Flat or ribbon cables
    • H01B7/0838—Parallel wires, sandwiched between two insulating layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0045—Perforating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
    • B29C59/04—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing using rollers or endless belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/472—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/4722—Fixing strips to surfaces other than edge faces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72328—Paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72343—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8351—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws
    • B29C66/83511—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/0854—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns in the form of a non-woven mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0068—Permeability to liquids; Adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/48—Wearing apparel
    • B29L2031/4871—Underwear
    • B29L2031/4878—Diapers, napkins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/737—Articles provided with holes, e.g. grids, sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/737—Articles provided with holes, e.g. grids, sieves
    • B29L2031/7374—Slotted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B2037/0092—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding in which absence of adhesives is explicitly presented as an advantage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0012—Mechanical treatment, e.g. roughening, deforming, stretching
    • B32B2038/0028—Stretching, elongating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/04—Punching, slitting or perforating
    • B32B2038/047—Perforating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/20—Fibres of continuous length in the form of a non-woven mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/202—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/204—Di-electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51—Elastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/647—Including a foamed layer or component
    • Y10T442/651—Plural fabric layers

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

能够在张力作用下形成开孔的物质包封系统包括第一织网和第二织网。可将粉末状、颗粒状、微粒状或凝胶状物质设置于第一织网与第二织网之间。在包含平行于横轴矢量分量的足够大的力的作用下，联结点破裂形成相应开孔以便于暴露该物质。可供选择地，中间层可设置于第一织网与第二织网的至少一部分之间。中间层可包含将要暴露的物质，或者中间层材料可与第一织网和第二织网不同。在一个优选实施方案中，系统具有多个联结点。

Description

物质包封层压织网
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请为：于2000年12月20日以Curro等人名义提交的PCT国际申请序列号为US00/34746(案号7897R2)的在先申请的部分继续申请，并要求优先权，该在先申请指定为美国，将以英文出版；以及于2000年5月31日以Curro等人名义提交的申请序列号为09/584676(案号7897R2)的在先申请的部分继续申请，并要求优先权；以及于1999年12月21日以Curro等人名义提交的申请序列号为09/467938(案号7897)的在先申请的部分继续申请，并要求优先权。
发明领域
本发明涉及一种物质包封的多层层压织网。本发明更尤其涉及一种层压织网，其中至少两个外层夹有或包封了粉末状、颗粒状、微粒状或凝胶状物质或一个中间层。在优选实施方案中，多层层压织网有开孔。
发明背景
本领域已众所周知，可通过将离散织网以分层关系连接来形成层压织网。例如，无纺层压织网经常用于一次性吸收装置，如尿布或成人失禁产品。这种层压织网也可用作顶层、底层或侧翼。层压织网的一个实施例为薄膜/无纺层压材料，用于一次性尿布的伸展侧翼。无纺/无纺层压材料也用于为织网组分提供附加体积或柔软度。同样，薄膜/薄膜层压织网也可以层压关系将不同薄膜的特性联结来提供有益效果。层压织网也可称为复合织网。
层压织网较不常见的实施例包括不同材料的层压材料。材料的机械拉伸力学特性、热特性或视觉/触觉特性可不同。例如，无纺织网可与较硬的纤维联结，以使纤维表面具有柔软感。可通过熔结、粘结、超声键合等方式将不同材料联结。联结方式经常由材料本身决定，但经常要求采用粘结方式。例如，熔化特性差异较大的层压或复合材料可能要求在层压材料层之间加入粘合层。即使熔化特性相似的材料，如无纺材料和热塑薄膜材料也经常由粘合剂联结，以使粘合足够牢固从而防止意外脱层。尽管可能需要粘合剂，但由于加入了粘合剂可能会使该加工方法造价更高，且使得所得层压材料经常具有较大的硬度，这取决于层压材料和加入粘合剂的含量。
通常，层压织网用于组合各组成层的特性以获得增强性的有益效果。例如，授予Wadsworth的专利EP-B-715,571公开了多层无纺复合织网，以用作如纺织网等织网的替代品。该织网包括至少一层人造热塑性纤维和一层纤维素基纤维。纤维素基纤维公开为在以一定间隔与人造热塑性纤维相热合。不过，看起来两层之间或所有层之间的热合对产生所需联结是必要的。
授予Haq等人的专利EP-A-112,654公开了包括两片无纺织物或其相似物的层压材料，其具有一个实芯材料夹层，该材料可为高多孔性，任选为包含液体的聚合物。两外层片可通过例如点焊方式将多个间隔开的小联结点联结，但不与实芯材料相连。优选地，实芯材料为连续片状形式，并加以穿孔以提供联结点。但看来，将实芯材料的穿孔对齐以使外层在该处联结会带来较大的加工问题。
对于许多应用来讲，使用开孔无纺织网是可取的，该开孔织网的特点在于其在织网上具有多个开口或穿孔。这种开孔可使表面呈开口网眼状，同时可具有有利的结构及布状特性。这种开孔无纺织网可用本领域已知的方法制成。例如授予Shimalla的专利EP-B-164,740公开了一种包括热塑性纤维的开孔无纺织物。织物由多重熔融图案区域和相邻的非熔融区域形成，而开孔在多个熔融区域内而非在相邻区域内形成。织物通过对热塑性纤维无纺织网进行热压花制成，其温度应高于纤维的软化点，由此由压花部件的凸出部压制而成的织网区域熔化，其后立即牵拉压花织网以使熔化图案区域形成开孔。不过，公开的方法是否可产生层压无纺织网或层压异种材料还不是很明显。
另一种使无纺织网成孔的有利方法包括层压无纺织网，公开于授予Benson等人的专利EP-A-852,483中。所公开的层压材料具有，例如至少一层纺粘织网，其与至少一层熔吹网、粘结梳理织网或其他适用材料联结。在一次性吸收物件中，这种开孔织网可用作顶层。不过，该公开并未教导包括不同材料(如，不同类属的材料或具有不同特性的材料)的层压织网。
穿孔的多层弹性保护层包括一中间弹性层，其位于上部无纺层与下部无纺层之间，该多层弹性保护层公开于授予Palumbo的专利EP-A-784,461中。上部无纺层和下部无纺层与中间层仅围绕穿孔的周边相联。尽管已提供开孔、弹性层压材料，但公开的方法是否可产生包括热性能相异材料的层压材料还不是很明显。
如前所述，无纺织网是消费品的有益组分，其可包括一次性吸收性衣物、非吸收性一次性衣物、耐用衣物、汽车组件、软垫家具、过滤介质，及其他消费品或商品。用于这些和其他应用中的无纺材料得益于其大范围的视觉和触觉特性。不过，在很多情况下，所用的无纺材料得益于其可作为其他成分的载体。例如，具有可递送如香料或驱虫剂等活性物质的层压织网将是有益的。或层压织网可仅为农用种子或气味控制物等组件的载体。
因而，具有包封物质的层压织网载体是较为理想的。
另外，若异种材料层压织网其各材料特性不依赖于每一组分层的热相容性来保证其结构完整性，且其在视觉与触觉特性之外能够提供额外有益效果，则是较为理想的。
发明概述
本发明公开一种物质包封系统。系统包括第一织网和第二织网，第一织网和第二织网通过至少一处联结点以面对面的关系联结，该联结点限定一延长熔结弱化区域，其纵横比为至少约2。联结点具有定向于第一方向的纵向轴和定向于第二方向的横向轴，第二方向与所述第一方向垂直。粉末状、颗粒状、微粒状或凝胶状物质可设置于第一织网和第二织网之间。在具有平行于横向轴的矢量分量的足够大的力的作用下，该联结点断裂形成相应的开孔以便于暴露物质。可供选择地，可将中间层设置于第一织网和第二织网的至少一部分之间。中间层可载有将被暴露的物质，或者中间层材料可与第一织网和第二织网的材料不同。在一个优选实施方案中，该系统具有多个联结点。
附图简述
虽然本说明书通过特别指出并清楚地要求保护本发明的权利要求作出结论，但应该相信由下列附图，并配合使用附带的说明书(其中同一组件具有同样的参考号)可更好地理解本发明。
附图1为本发明层压织网的实施方案的透视图。
附图2为附图1所示的层压织网一部分的横截面视图。
附图3为本发明层压织网一个联结点的详细放大视图。
附图4为本发明层压织网另一实施方案的平面顶视图。
附图5为附图4所示层压织网一部分的一个横截面视图。
附图6为本发明层压织网另一实施方案的平面顶视图。
附图7为附图6所示层压织网一部分的横截面视图。
附图8为本发明层压织网一实施方案的显微图片。
附图9为表示本发明层压织网制造过程的示意图。
附图10为熔结压制装置的透视图。
附图11为表示压制辊隆起图案的示意图。
附图12为用于拉伸本发明层压材料以在该处形成开孔的装置的透视图。
附图13为附图12所示装置啮合部分的一部分的横截面视图。
附图14为具有固结联结以及高纵横比联结点的代表性无纺织网的照片。
发明详述
本发明中使用的术语“吸收制品”是指吸收和容纳身体排泄物的装置，更具体地讲，是指紧贴或邻近穿用者身体以吸收和容纳各种身体排泄物的装置。
本发明中使用的术语“一次性的”是指可被洗涤或可被恢复或可重新使用的物品(即物品在使用一次后即丢弃，且优选地以可重复利用、可堆肥加工或以与环境相容的方式进行加工)。本发明中使用的术语“耐用”是指非一次性的制品。
本发明中使用的术语“无纺织网”使用其本领域所知的一般含义，其是指具有单独纤维或丝线结构夹层的织网，但为不规则非重复方式。无纺织网过去由多种方法形成，例如熔吹法、纺粘法以及键合梳理法。
本发明中使用的术语“微纤维”是指平均直径不大于100微米的小直径纤维。
本发明中使用的术语“熔吹纤维”是指将熔融的热塑性材料挤出通过多个精细的且经常为圆形的毛细管模成为熔融丝线或细丝而形成的纤维，在高速(如空气)气流下使熔融热塑性材料变薄，以使其直径变细，甚至小到微纤维直径。其后，熔吹纤维由高速气流运载，沉积于收集表面之上形成由随机分布的熔吹纤维构成的织网。
本发明中使用的术语“纺粘纤维”是指通过将熔融热塑性材料挤出成为细丝而形成的纤维，纤维出自多个精细的通常为圆形的且与挤出细丝同直径的喷丝头毛细管，然后在牵拉作用下直径迅速减小。
本发明中使用的术语“一体织网”是指包括两个或多个材料网的分层织网，包括如通过热结合方法充分联结，可作为一体的织网而进行处理、加工或利用的无纺织网。
本发明中使用的“层压”和“复合”用于描述本发明的织网时为同义词。两者均指包括至少两层织网的分层织网结构，两层织网以面对面的关系联结以形成多层的整体织网。
本发明中使用的术语“包封”用以指物理固定及覆盖，例如通过在两层网状材料之间加入标记，并非指利用如硬涂层等进行完全且分离的覆盖。
本发明中使用的术语“聚合物”通常包括但不限于均聚物、共聚物，例如以嵌段、接枝、随机形式，以及其他可供选择的共聚物、三元共聚物等，以及其混合物或改性物。而且，除非另外明确限定，术语“聚合物”将包括材料的所有可能的几何构型。这些构型包括但不限于全同立构、间同立构及随机对称。
本发明中使用的术语“弹性的”是指在偏置力作用下任一材料可延展，即可伸长至少约60％(即，延展后偏移的长度为至少其在松弛状态下未偏移长度的约160％)，而且在延展伸长力释放后至少恢复伸长量的55％。假设实施例为一2.5cm(1英寸)材料的样本，其可伸长至4cm(1.60英寸)，且其伸长至4cm(1.60英寸)并释放后，将恢复为长度不超过3.23cm(1.27英寸)。
许多弹性材料可伸长超过60％(即，远大于其松弛状态下长度的160％)，例如伸长100％或更多，而许多这些材料在所施加力释放后将基本恢复其初始松弛状态长度，例如恢复至初始松弛状态长度的105％。该材料在本文中以术语“高弹性”表示，其指在偏置力作用下任一可延展，即可伸长约至少200％的材料(即延展后的偏置长度为至少其松弛状态下长度的300％)，而且在所施加力释放后，恢复至其初始松弛状态下长度的105％以内。因此，高弹性材料经常也具有弹性，但并非所有弹性材料都具有高弹性。
本发明中使用的术语“非弹性”是指不属于上述弹性定义以内的任一材料。
本发明中使用的术语“可延展的”是指在偏置力作用下任一材料可伸长至少25％而不会导致灾难性的故障。灾难性的故障包括实体的开裂、碎裂、破裂或其他张力条件下的故障，如果用标准张力检验器进行测试，故障将导致张力急剧显著下降。本发明中使用的术语“高延展性的”是指在偏置力作用下可伸长至少100％而不会导致灾难性故障的任一材料。
层压织网
本发明层压织网10包括分层设置且呈面对面关系的至少三个层或折层，如附图1所示。各层应足够薄以使可利用本发明描述的方法进行加工，但实际厚度(即卡尺径)并非限定性的。第一外层20优选为可进行热结合，优选为包括足量热塑性材料的无纺织网，织网具有预定的断裂延展性和伸长性。“足量”是指在施加热和/或压力以制成一体织网时为使热结合足够牢固所需的热塑性材料的量。第二外层40优选为与第一外层20相同的材料，但也可为不同的、也为热结合性和具有预定断裂延展性和伸长性的材料。至少一个第三中间层30设置于两外层之间。中间层30可为由第一层20和第二层40包封的物质或物质的载体。
层压织网10由如以下所述的超声波焊接或热压制等联结部件进行加工，以提供至少一个、优选多个用于联结外层20与40的熔结点50，而且在一些实施方案中，中间层30的部分在该处使各组成层形成为一体织网。当相互联结时，两个外层之间形成内部区域80。内部区域80为外层之间围绕各联结点50的空间。在一个优选的实施方案中，第三中间层30基本充满内部区域，第三中间层30与联结点50开孔一致。
一个代表性联结点如附图3所示。如图所示，联结点50具有延长的外形，其具有与联结点5长度方向L定向相应的纵向轴1，和与纵向轴1垂直的横向轴t，该横向轴与联结点5宽度方向W定向相应。对于非限制性的描述性用途，联结点5可认为是二维的，其轴1与轴t限定联结点5平面。
尽管层压织网10主要在无纺织网和复合物的上下文中公开，其原理为层压织网10可由任一符合此处公开要求(如熔融特性、延展性等)的网状材料制成。例如外层20和40可为热塑性薄膜、微孔薄膜、开孔薄膜、织成织物等等。中间层30可包括纸，如棉纸；金属，如金属箔；其他非热塑性网状材料、织成织物等等。一般来讲，要求外层材料具有足够的柔韧性以按照本发明中所述方法进行加工。不过，只要按照本发明中所述的方法进行加工，中间层可包括易碎的、刚性相对较大的材料，虽然其在该加工过程中可能断裂、破裂甚至破碎。因此，本发明一个意外的优点是发现新物质的包封特性可由选用设置于两外层之间的中间层30而体现。
无开孔实施方案
在一个实施方案中，如附图2横截面所示，中间层30可为开孔，而不必在两外层上开孔以提供三层层压材料，其特征在于层压织网10(整体而言)无开孔，但中间层30有开孔。重要的是，本发明织网可由本发明的方法制成，而无需层间对准以通过中间层的开孔确保外层联结。描述上述织网10的一个优选实施方案的一种方式为，人裸眼在距离约50cm处垂直观察时，一体织网10这个层压材料中均无开孔或穿孔呈现，但联结点50仍可见。
层压织网10的特征还在于不使用粘合剂可使三折层联结成为一体织网。也就是说，在某些优选实施方案中无需粘合剂联结各层；联结可通过对组成层输入能量实现，如两外层可在各熔结点50处热熔结合。在其他实施方案中，输入能量可为通过超声键合。因此，本发明的显著有益效果是提供了层压织网，其为不使用粘合剂形成的一体织网。这不仅简化了加工方式和降低了层压织网的成本，而且当使用某些材料如无纺织网时，还可使织网更具柔韧性、更松软。
如附图2所示，当使用本发明的方法对层压织网10的组成织网层进行加工时，中间层30被选用以使熔结点50区域的中间层30的某些部分分离，以允许第一外层20与第二外层40在两熔结点50的材料52界面处直接熔合。这样，中间层30中的开孔仅在本发明以下所述方法中所详述的外层联结之前在层压步骤中通过偏移形成。以这种方式，中间层30可以无开孔织网形式提供，避免了层压时将开孔与联结点对齐的复杂对准步骤。
而且，中间层30和/或其中或其上的所载物无需与外层20和40热相容。中间层无需为热塑性材料，甚至无需具有一定熔点。其仅需要由如下所述的加工设备施加力使其偏移。中间层30可以为例如纤维素材料，如纸；金属材料，如金属箔；织成或编织材料，如棉花或人造丝混合物；或为热固树脂材料，如聚酯或芳族聚酰胺薄膜。
因此，描述本发明层压织网的一种方式为将中间层根据至少一种材料特性区分为有别于第一层和第二层的材料，用于区分的特性选自热特性、伸长特性、弹性或传导特性。“热特性”主要指热熔特性，例如中间层无一定熔点，或若具有一定熔点，该熔点优选至少比任一外层高出约10摄氏度，更优选高出20摄氏度，并且可高出两个外层中的任一层100摄氏度。“伸长特性”是指在张力下中间层材料呈现出断裂伸长，其至少比任一外层小10％，更优选比任一外层小50％，可比任一外层小的百分比超过100％。这样，中间层可具有延展性，而任一外层可具有高延展性。“弹性”在本发明中指中间层可具有例如弹性，而任一中间层可具有高弹性。或中间层可为非弹性，而外层为弹性或高弹性。本发明中使用的“传导特性”是指导电性，可使中间层的导电性为外层的10倍，更优选为100倍或更高。传导特性可由中间层为金属箔或为包括导电无纺织网在内的导电聚合物而方便地实现。
本发明方法的另一有益效果在于，在一些实施方案中，如实芯中间层30材料(即无实质性开孔、缝隙或其他空间的连续片)，其结果形成具有开孔中间层30的一体织网，中间层与外层20和外层40完全紧密接触。“完全”与“紧密”是指中间层30填充所有外层20和外层40之间的未联结区域80，而使外层20和外层40不相接触，各联结点50处除外。当然，可认识到，许多所需材料可包含大量空气，填充“所有”外层20和外层40之间的未联结区域并不意味着去除所有包含的空气。
中间层30可涉及或包含外层20和外层40之间的联结。“涉及”是指中间层可在一定程度上与一个或两个直接相联的外层紧密接触，并可能部分融合。该涉及可由围绕联结点50周边的实际熔结得到(如热塑性中间层30)，或可由如缠绕等机械交互作用在同样围绕联结点50周边处得到(如纤维无纺层之间的纤维质纤维中间层30)。
不受理论的约束，据信本发明方法可通过剪切、切割或压裂中间层30，或使中间层30材料产生足够大偏移以使两外层20和40热结合，以便于中间层30的这种分离。这样，选用的中间层30必须允许进行这种偏移。因此，中间层30应具有一种或多种特性，使中间层30材料可“压缩”或可偏移至热结合点50区域之外。重要的是，并不要求在热结合点区域之外中间层30可热熔。这样，中间层可为弹性、高弹性，可为延展性或高延展性，这取决于所得一体织网所需的最终结果和用途。
不受理论的约束，据信为使中间层30在该处形成开孔并联结外层，如下所述热结合点阵列应形成宽度W较窄而纵横比高的热结合点。例如，附图3所示为一熔结点50的熔融区域，其宽度W较窄，而纵横比高，即其长度L远大于其宽度W。长度L应选为可允许足够联结区域，而宽度W足够窄，以使得用于形成联结点(如下所述)的隆起在联结点区域可通过如下所述方法切割、剪切、偏移或穿透中间层30。宽度W可在约0.008cm(0.003英寸)与0.05cm(0.020英寸)之间，但在一个优选实施方案中，宽度在约0.01cm(0.005英寸)与0.03cm(0.010英寸)之间，并可根据中间层30特性进行调整。
据信，熔结点50的纵横比可低至约2(即L/W之比值等于2/1)。其值也可在约3至100之间，或在约3至50之间，或优选在约4至30之间。在一个优选的实施方案中，纵横比为约10，在另一实施方案中为约25。据信熔结点50的纵横比仅受如下所述阵列加工滚轮隆起联结处相应纵横比的约束。
在一个优选实施方案中，每一联结点纵向轴1与联结点50长度方向L定向相应，设置为一个定向通常平行于附图1所示加工方向MD的规则重复图案。但每一联结点的纵向轴可设置为定向于交织方向的规则重复模型图案，或随机定向于交织方向与加工方向的混合物。例如，联结点50可设置为“人字形”图案，其中每一联结点50第一部分的各自定向于第一方向的纵向轴，同样地联结点50第二部分有定向于第二方向的纵向轴，其与第一方向设置成一定角度。
当将无纺织网用作层压材料10的组成层时，重要的是应区分通过本发明方法联结外层20和外层40的联结点50，与组成织网本身中存在的热结合点。例如，无纺织网典型地由热结合方式加固，采用离散间隔的熔融联结区域的规则模型图案，如公开于授予Hansen等人的美国专利3,855,046中所示，且模型图案经常见于授予Levy等人的美国专利5,620,779的附图10和附图11。出于美观的考虑，其他薄膜、无纺织网等可具有热压花。因此，在一体织网10中可包括许多热结合点，其中一些为联结点50，其他为如无纺基中的联结点。从附图14照片中可清楚看出这种区别，附图中显示代表性无纺织网，其具有菱形加固点及高纵横比联结点50。
如附图14所示，无纺基的联结点并不典型地具有大于约1的纵横比，因此这些联结即使可能也很少能在以下所述延展步骤的过程中形成组成层中的开孔。而且，这种联结点的间隔典型地为联结区域与非联结区域的重复图案，这些区域能或不能提供与非联结区域列与邻接的联结区域加工方向(MD)列。然而形成联结点50后，不可能形成显著的未联结区域MD列；任一组成无纺织物的总体联结图案为现有联结区域与联结点50的组合。两组联结点共同使联结点形成复杂图案，其可以(但很大情况下不可能)描述为纵列、规则或一致模式。
本发明所得织网如附图2横截面所示，为本身无开孔的层压织网10，但中间层30具有与联结点50区域一致的开孔。如上所述，“无开孔”是指总体上层压织网10可认为无开孔。应认识到，由于材料和加工方法或者层压后加工的不同，本发明的无开孔层压织网10在联结点50处可局部贯通，或具有裂缝。理想情况下，整体织网的这种贯通应尽量最小化，或无该情况发生。同样应认识到，在一些情况下，中间层30在联结点50的所有位置处可能偏移不完全，使得中间层30的一些局部部分可没有开孔(则外层未联结)。然而，此处描述适用于层压织网50整体，其并不表示其仅受由于可能材料或加工方法变化而带来的偏差或不规则所限。
为制造本发明织网，包括如附图2所述内容，外层应可足够伸长以允许在紧靠联结点50处可产生必要的局部变形。这样，外层20和外层40可具有延展性、高延展性、弹性或高弹性。
一般情况下，依照本发明，中间层30可为活性物质载体，或将暴露于层压外部的物质载体。例如，植物种子可设置于中间层上并进行固定，或此外可保持一致间隔，以使层压可包封种子用于存储以备种植。在这种情况下，每一层均可降解是理想的。可供选择地，其他农用物资，如肥料、杀虫剂、保湿/排湿化合物、保热/排热化合物等，可设置于中间层30之上或其中，或可作为其一部分。
可供选择地，可将足量的气味控制物质，如活性炭或活性碳纤维(例如日本Toho Rayon公司生产的BESFIGHTPAN-基碳纤维)，设置于中间层30之上或其中。也可利用其他气味控制物质，如充满气体控制液体物质的吸收组织。该产品实施例包括一包封有织网中间层的无纺三层层压材料，该织网包括其中已吸收了FEBREEZE气味吸收介质的BOUNTY纸巾。无纺外层可用于限制气味吸收介质的蒸发。
不受理论的约束，据信可包括能够承受以下所述热结合加工的任何粉末状、颗粒状、微粒状或凝胶状材料作为中间层30或其一部分，因此由外层20和40包封。这样，不受限制地，中间层30可包括已知多种微球体，也可包括相变材料(PCM)，如OUTLAST。温度调节技术可获自位于科罗拉多州Boulder的Outlast Technologies。可食用物品包括食品，如咖啡、茶、调味品、着色剂等，可在中间层30之上或其中提供，或作为中间层30提供。
如果中间层30具有一定熔点，该熔点优选至少高出外层约10摄氏度，或更优选高出约20摄氏度。在一些实施方案中，例如在热塑性无纺外层之间的金属箔中间层30，中间层的熔点可高出外层100摄氏度。不过，中间层30无需具有一定熔点，在要求使层压联结的阵列加工温度下可能只会软化。在某些中间层材料如金属箔中，可能由于织网的热加工而没有任何软化。
能够适用的中间层载体材料的大范围可使本发明结构具有惊人的多样性，每一结构其对于分类广泛的最终用途均可得到有利应用。例如，如果使用棉纸中间层，则所得层压材料为柔软的整体吸收织网。例如，清洁物可设置于其中，这种层压材料适于用作擦拭用具。而且，由于层压织网10的形成未使用热塑性粘合剂，可获得类似衣物的耐久特性。在磨损达到不可接受的程度之前，这种层压材料可清洗数次。
通过实施例可知，层压织网10可为传导性织物，其包括传导性较弱的热塑性外层20和40，以及传导性较强的中间层30。外层可为无纺织网，其包括价格低廉、柔软、通气性好的可传导织物。中间层可为金属箔，如铜箔或铝箔，也可以为柔性织网，其具有设置于其间的粉末状传导材料。例如，可用镍粉或银粉，采用本领域已知的方法在中间层30之上形成一均匀层。中间层可为纸制或为无纺载体层。一种适用镍粉可从位于新泽西Wyckoff的INCO SpecialtyProducts，Inco Limited购买。中间层也可为传导性聚合物、非箔传导织物或复合传导材料。一般情况下，作为传导性织物实施方案，外层用于使传导性中间层绝缘。在一个优选三层实施方案中，每一外层具有第一电阻，中间层具有第二电阻，第二电阻为至少第一电阻的十分之一，更优选为百分之一(即中间层为外层传导性的10倍，优选为100倍)。
本发明还包括能够结合两种热塑性及非热塑性材料而不包含任何粘合剂的有益效果，以提供具有独特物理特性的类似织物的组合物。例如，具有高张力及防止开裂的材料可作为中间层30，材料TYVEK获自位于美国WilmingtonDelaware的DuPont公司。TYVEK以及其他商标的等同或相似材料，强度非常大但可透气的无纺聚烯烃，常用于家用包装层。不过，其并不柔软，也不象布，但具有塑性薄膜的外观与手感。当用于本发明层压织网10时，例如具有无纺外层时，因TYVEK层的强度使得层压织网表现出无纺织物的柔软性。此外，该层压材料的制造可为并优选为将织网粘合为一体织网时不使用粘合剂。
而且，可将强度较高材料如TYVEK结合为额外中间层30，以使层压织网10具有多种物理特性。例如，包括TYVEK层的层压织网还可包括吸收层，这样的吸收棉纸层如BOUNTY纸巾，可获自位于美国俄亥俄州Cincinnati的Procter & Gamble公司，而一个或多个无纺聚乙烯外层(如Corolind，可获自位于美国南卡罗来州的Simpsonville的BBA)。按照本发明方法成形的复合物可转化为高度类织物的材料，表现出与众不同的组合特性，其具有较高的吸收性(获自BOUNTY纸巾层)和较高的强度(获自TYVEK层)。
开孔实施方案
本发明进一步的有益效果为，当上述无开孔的热结合层压织网沿经常垂直于熔结点50的纵向轴I方向延展或扩展时，可形成开孔。也就是说，在具有平行于横向轴t的矢量分量的足够大的力的作用下，联结点50断裂形成相应的开孔以便于暴露包封物质。
熔结点50的熔结合趋向于使联结点织网的一部分局部弱化。这样，织网10的一部分沿基本垂直于联结点50纵向轴I的方向延展，联结点材料在张力作用下破裂从而形成开孔。熔结点50具有较高的纵横比，允许开孔较大以形成足够张力。当层压织网10张力均匀时，得到具有多个开孔60的规则图案，其图案与熔结点50的图案一致。
附图4所示为本发明一开孔层压材料的部分剖视图。如图所示，部分断面允许显示每一层或折层的平面图。在将热结合层压材料沿垂直于熔结点纵向轴的方向进行延展之后，制成如附图4所示的层压织网10。在这种情况下，其在交织方向CD具有足够伸长性，在延展方向上形成开孔。如图所示，在原熔结点50处，当较弱联结点在张力作用下破裂时，产生开孔60。同样如图所示，中间层30以及其上或其中的物质，可保持在层压材料10内基本均匀分布，这取决于中间层30的材料特性。例如，如果中间层30比外层20或40更具延展性，则其仅进行弹性延展，或可通过塑性变形，但在织网10的无开孔区域内保持基本均匀分布。例如，如果使用热塑性薄膜作为中间层30，其可以以延展方式或以弹性方式进行延伸(取决于薄膜的类型)，但仍可使如密度或基本重量等保持基本均匀分布。
当形成开孔60时，外层20和40的热结合部分主要保持在开孔周边的部分之上，该周边相应于联结点50的长度。因此，每一开孔60并无热结合材料周边，而仅一部分保持联结，在附图4中表示为62。层压织网的一个有利特性为，一旦开孔，则便利了其与中间层的流体通道。这样，可将中间层30的包封物质排入，或使其暴露于织网的外部部分。这样，例如先已完全包封的种子，例如通过流体防渗的两聚合物薄膜，在形成开孔时可暴露于湿气与土壤。其他成分，包括活性成分，可同样暴露于环境中，以有益的预定方式作用。例如，具有包封或吸收清洁流体的亲水中间层30可用于两个较为疏水的外层之间，层压材料10可为一有效的清洁擦拭器，并带有较干燥的接触外表面。
就中间层30所涉及或包含于任一外层20与40之间联结的方面而言，中间层也含有联结部分62的剩余部分，如附图4所示。这种涉及可一定程度上由围绕联结点50周边的实际熔结得到(如对于热塑性中间层30)，或可由缠绕等机械交互作用得到(如对于纤维无纺层之间的纤维质纤维中间层30)。
附图5为附图4所示横截面视图的示意图。如图所示，当层压织网沿T方向延长时，形成开孔60。
即当如所述对层压材料进行延展(参见附图4)，而中间层30的断裂伸长量选为小于任一外层，且小于实际延展量值时，可得到本发明另一益处。这样，使层压织网沿与纵向轴1基本垂直的方向延展，足以在外层20和40中形成开孔(同样在整个层压织网10中)，中间层30在张力作用下破裂。因此，中间层30在充分延展情况下断裂(即在张力作用下破裂)，使得延展后在层压织网10的无开孔区域上中间层30不再均匀分布。
一体织网实施方案的实施例具有中间层，中间层的断裂伸长量小于任一外层，并小于实际延展量值，该实施例见附图6局部断面图。局部断面可允许每一层或折层以平面图显示。如图所示，延展后中间层30成为片断，中间层材料形成不连续区域。这些不连续区域可较均匀分布，例如成附图6所示，或可较随机分布，这取决于熔结点50的图案、中间层30的物理特性以及所使用的延展方法。
包含类似于附图6所示结构的织网10的一个实施例为具有延展性较好的无纺织物外层的织网，而中间层为延展性较差的伸长性棉纸。这样的层压材料可为具有吸收中芯的开孔层压织网，在中芯处吸收芯材料与层压织网外部区域形成流体通道。也就是说，例如，若这样的层压织网包括无纺外层，其可用作吸收擦拭器。流体则可通过开孔被吸收，开孔周边可在向吸收中芯提供流体通道的部分处打开。如果用于外层的无纺织网疏水性较强，这样的擦拭器可表现出“触觉干燥”特性，同时具有高吸收性。
包含类似于附图6所示结构的织网10具有一个尤其引人注目的结构，其将一个高疏水性外层与一个高吸收性中间层结合。一个适用的疏水性材料说明见授予Dettre等人的美国专利3,354,022。该材料包含斥水表面，其固有的进水接触角大于90度，固有的回水接触角为至少75度。该材料表现出极高的疏水特性，类似于所知莲叶的效果。当将该材料与一个吸收性中间层(如BOUNTY纸巾棉纸层)结合时，所得复合物可具有高吸收性，而同时保持非常清洁干爽的外表面。外层的基本重量和多孔程度可改变以获得不同程度的吸收性能。在一实施方案中，层压材料也可为在层压之后可为流体防渗的背衬层以阻碍流体吸收。防渗流体的背衬层可为一层柔性聚合物膜，用于卫生巾、尿布、坐垫、地席、保护盖等吸收装置。
附图6描述的本发明层压织网结构具有一个令人惊奇的有益特性，即在织网的无开孔部分存在不同区域，由选自包括基本重量、厚度或密度中至少一种特性进行区分。如附图7横截面视图所示，可对几个这样的区域进行区分。在一个优选实施方案中，区域之间目视效果不同，并使得层压材料显得美观和感觉舒适。该区域也可使层压材料为衣物状或编织状结构。
附图7中，可在所示横截面上识别几个结构不同的区域。标示为64的区域对应开孔60。在织网的无开孔区域中，区域66为包括中间层30的基本重量较大区域。区域68代表层压织网一部分，其中中间层30已断裂分离，即不再完整存在，形成织网10的基本重量较小区域。经常，基本重量较大区域也相应为高密度区域，但并不一定如此。例如，可对织网10延展后进行压花，在形成具有多重基本重量的区域之外，还可形成具有多重密度的区域。对基本重量高或密度高的任一区域，通常这种差别仅需通过用手指摩擦层压织网即可辨别。
经常，对于层压织网10，其沿加工方向MD扩展的熔结点50所成的行基本平行，相应使扩展后开孔所成的行基本平行，并包含具有比外层断裂伸长量小的中间层，所得扩展后开孔层压织网10具有如下特征：在加工方向MD的开孔之间，通常情况下为基本重量轻、密度低的区域，如附图6与附图7所示区域68。同样，该层压织网10的特征在于：在交织方向CD开孔的相邻行之间，为基本重量较大、密度高的区域，如附图7所示的区域66。通过选择中间层材料30，并可能进行层压后加工(如压花加工)，层压织网的厚度同样可改变，较厚的区域通常对应高密度区域。
本发明层压织网的另一实施方案利用无纺织网作为外层，其特征在于由纤维定向区分不同区域。不同的纤维定向可通过在织网内提供局部区域获得，该区域延展量比其他区域更大。例如，通过使织网10内部与附图6中区域68相应的区域内局部应变程度更高，形成显著的纤维重新定向区域。由本发明以下方法所述，该局部应变是可能的。
附图8照片显示本发明织网包括无纺外层的详细放大视图，该外层经扩展形成开孔，并经局部扩展以产生纤维重新定向的区域68。如附图8所示，通过使织网的一部分局部扩展程度超出其他部分，从而形成的开孔可为不同尺寸。这样，附图8中经常标示为70的区域比标示为72的区域需承受更大应变(即局部延展)。则区域70中的开孔比区域72中大，且区域72中无纺织网材料的基本重量小于区域70中无纺织网的基本重量。除因局部应变差异使基本重量不同之外，本发明层压织网还可表现出纤维重新定向的不同区域68。在这些区域中纤维重新定向，从通常为随机的定向改变为在延展方向上主定向。
为制成如附图6所示的织网10，中间层30可为许多种不同材料的任一种。例如，如果外层20和外层40为具有较高断裂伸长量的无纺织网，中间层30可为纸、棉纸、热塑性薄膜、金属箔、封闭或开放的单元泡沫，或任一其他与两外层相比断裂伸长量较低的材料。外层材料其本身可不同，唯一限制是中间层在用以形成开孔的延展方向上延展性较低。
此外，使用多于一个中间层30具有有益效果。例如，由两个无纺织网层间包括纤维质组织的中间织网层和聚合物薄膜中间织网层的结构，可制成一侧吸收性高于另一侧吸收性的擦拭制品。若薄膜为三维形式薄膜，薄膜边侧可为层压材料提供附加结构，其有利于许多擦拭应用。适用于本发明的可目视扩展的三维形式薄膜包括以下专利中所述的那些：于1975年12月30日授予Thompson的普通转让美国专利3,929,135，于1982年8月3日授予Radel等人的美国专利4,342,314，两个专利均引入本发明以供参考。
该(或“一个”)中间层也可为弹性体，可为弹性体的、可目视扩展的、真空形成的、三维形式的薄膜，如普通转让的美国专利序列号08/816,106中所述，其名称为“Tear Resistant Porous Extensible Web”(防裂多孔可延展织网)，由Curro等人于1997年3月14日提交，该专利引入本发明以供参考。而且，该(或“一个”)中间层可为三维形式的薄膜，其包含微孔，如以下普通转让的美国专利所述：于1986年12月16日授予Curro等人的美国专利4,629,643，以及于1986年9月2日授予Curro等人的美国专利4,609,518，两个专利均引入本发明以供参考。
该(或“一个”)中间层可为包含可应变网络的网状材料，公开于1996年5月21日授予Chappell等人的美国专利5,518,801中，据此引入本发明以供参考。该织网可为似弹性结构薄膜(SELF)织网，由例如通过配对板或配对辊压花形成。
该(或“一个”)中间层可为吸收性开放单元泡沫网状材料。尤其适用于如尿布等高性能吸收装置的吸收性泡沫，可由高内相比乳液(以下以“HIPE”表示)制成。例如，参见公布于1993年11月9日的美国专利5,260,345(DesMarais等人)，以及公布于1993年12月7日的美国专利5,268,224(DesMarais等人)，均引入本发明以供参考。该吸收性HIPE泡沫提供了令人满意的液体加工特性，包括：(a)较好的毛细作用与流体配送特性，以将吸收的尿液或其他人体排出液从初始影响区运送进入泡沫结构的其他区域，使得可以容纳以后涌出的流体；(b)较高的存储容量，在负载即压缩力作用下具有较高的流体容量。
中间层30可包括凝胶物质，如吸收性凝胶材料。凝胶材料定义为能够在本发明包封系统中加工的粘稠物质。凝胶材料可包含于载体层之上或其中。凝胶物质实施例包括超级吸收剂或水凝胶材料，当使用本发明层压织网作为一次性吸收装置的吸收性擦拭物或吸收核时，凝胶材料可提供超级吸收性。本发明中“水凝胶”是指能够吸收含水流体并将其保持在适当压力下的无机或有机化合物。为得到良好的结果，水凝胶应为水不溶性的。实施例为如硅胶等无机材料，及如交联聚合物等有机化合物。交联形式可为共价、离子、vander Waals形式，或氢键。聚合物实施例包括聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇、乙烯马来酸酐共聚物、聚乙烯醚、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯基吡啶等等。
本发明层压材料的一个有益效果为其能够制成异种材料层压结构，而无需使用粘合剂进行联结。由于层压织网10的中间层在熔结点处被压延加工滚轮的隆起穿透，中间层可包括非热结合性材料。多个熔结点50足以保持组成层均在层压织网中，所以层压织网在加工完整性及使用方面表现为一体织网，而没有多余分层。不过，在一些实施方案中，而且对某些材料而言，在至少两个组成层间应用粘合剂是有利的。
本发明层压织网由多个相隔较近的热结合点联结(无需使用热塑性粘合剂)，其可利于用作耐用制品。例如本发明层压织网包括无纺织网外层并具有布质手感及外观，可用作耐用衣物。本发明层压织网的某些实施方案可经受在家用洗涤烘干设备中的重复洗涤烘干，取决于层压的组成织网及热结合含量。由于本发明某些实施方案外观与手感均为编织状或织物状，这种耐用性可使其用于耐用衣物组件，如内衬等。
制造方法
参见附图9，本发明层压制造方法在100处以示意图说明。
第一织网120可为延展性较大的织网，由供料辊104松开，并按照相关箭头所指的方向运送，同时供料辊104按照相关箭头所指的方向旋转。同样，第二织网140可为延展性较大的织网，由供料辊105松开。中间层130可为延展性较小的织网，同样可由供料辊107牵拉。三个组件(或更多，如果使用多个中间层)通过热结合点夹钳106，联结由滚轮110和112形成的滚轮装置108。
中间层可包含置于其中或其上的粉末状、颗粒状、微粒状或凝胶状物质。在一个实施方案中，中间层130可提供为其中包含嵌入微粒物的无纺织网。在另一实施方案中，中间层130可提供为在其一个表面有粉末物沉积。在另一实施方案中，中间层130可提供为包含粘结在其表面上的颗粒物。在任一情况下，与中间层相关联的粉末状、颗粒状、微粒状或凝胶状物质充分固定，使得利用本发明加工方法时，在退出热结合点滚轮装置108的夹钳106后，该物质由第一织网120与第二织网140包封。
在另一实施方案中，在层压织网加工过程中，粉末状、颗粒状、微粒状或凝胶状物质可沉积于织网130之上。例如，配送部件131可促进沉积。配送部件131可具有便于物质重力进料的料斗，或具有便于物质强制加压进料的喷洒器。同样，配送部件131可为挤出机、打印机、插槽涂料器、喷液器，或相当的设备，以及该沉积部件的组合。同样，配送部件包括多重部件，如粘合剂喷雾器，并与粉末状物质重力进料沉积相组合。
除热塑性无纺材料之外，任一外层还可包括聚合物膜，例如聚烯烃(如PP或PE)薄膜。如果外层整体热塑性并不均匀，为使其能够熔结所至少需要的充分含量物质必须为热塑性的。组合纤维，如双组分纤维可用于外层，以便于外层的热结合。任一外层可包括成形薄膜，如包含微孔的三维成形薄膜，如以下专利中所述：于1986年12月16日授予Curro等人的普通转让美国专利4,629,643，于1986年9月2日授予Curro等人的普通转让美国专利4,609,518，两个专利均引入本发明以供参考。
在一个优选实施方案中，两外层包括无纺材料，且可为同质。无纺材料可通过已知的无纺挤出方法形成，例如采用已知的熔吹方法或已知的纺粘方法，并可直接穿过夹钳106传递，而无需进行第一次联结和/或利用供料辊存储。不过，在一个优选实施方案中，无纺织网本身为热结合点联结(加固)的织网，可以供料辊形式购买。热结合点联结典型方式为具有等距间隔菱形联结点构成的规则图案，由无纺织物经销商处购买时即存在于无纺织物中，在本发明织网中易于与通过本发明方法形成的联结点50相区别。
外层可具有弹性、高弹性或无弹性。无纺织网可为任一熔融织网，包括纺粘织网、熔吹织网、粘结梳理织网。如果无纺织网为熔吹纤维构成的织网，其可包括熔吹微纤维。无纺织网可由如聚烯烃等纤维成形聚合物制成。示例的聚烯烃包括以下一种或多种：聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯共聚物、丙烯共聚物以及丁烯共聚物。无纺织网基本重量可在约10至约60克每平方米(gsm)之间，更优选在约15至约30gsm之间。
外层本身可为多层材料，由例如至少一层纺粘织网与至少一层熔吹织网、粘结梳理织网或其他适用材料联结而成。例如，无纺织网可为多层织网，该多层织网包含纺粘聚丙烯构成的第一层，其基本重量为每平方米约7至270克(为每平方码约0.2至8盎司)，包含一熔吹聚丙烯层，其基本重量为每平方米约7至135克(为每平方码约0.2至4盎司)，还包含纺粘聚丙烯构成的第二层，其基本重量为每平方米约7至270克(为每平方码约0.2至8盎司)。可供选择地，无纺织网可为单层材料，例如基本重量为每平方米约7至340克(为每平方码约0.2至10盎司)的纺粘织网，或其基本重量为每平方米约7至270克(为每平方码约0.2至8盎司)的熔吹织网。
外层也可为由两种或两种以上不同纤维或纤维颗粒混合物组成的复合物。该混合物可通过在运载熔吹纤维或纺粘纤维的气体流中加入纤维和/或颗粒，以使在收集纤维之前可得到紧密缠杂相互混合的纤维与其他材料，如木浆、人造短纤维和颗粒。
在依照本发明方法加工之前，纤维的无纺织网外膜可通过粘结而相互联结，以形成相连接的网状结构。适用的联结工艺包括但不限于化学粘结、热粘结，如点压延、水力缠绕和横撑支托。而且，对于层压织网，在粘结之前织网120与织网140可逐渐延展，如下所述。这种逐渐延展经常称为“环碾”，在下文表1中即如此。
参见附图9和附图10，无纺热结合滚轮装置108优选包括图案压延滚轮110和一个平滑砧滚轮112。可对图案压延加工滚轮110和平滑砧滚轮112其一或两者进行加热，任一滚轮温度和两滚轮间压力可采用已知方法进行调整，以提供所需温度及所需压力(若其具有)，可在熔结点处同时偏移中间层30，将两外层在多个熔结点处熔结。
模型图案阵列加工滚轮110配置为包含圆形柱面114，及多个隆起或模型图案单元116，其由表面114向外延展。隆起116置于预定图案中，每一隆起116配置为并置于使中间层30在熔结点偏移的位置，将两外层在多个熔结点处熔结。隆起的一种图案示意图见附图11。如图所示，隆起116宽度WP较小，可在约0.008cm(0.003英寸)与0.05cm(0.020英寸)之间，但在一个优选实施方案中，可为约0.03cm(0.010英寸)。隆起长度LP可在约0.08cm(0.030英寸)与约0.5cm(0.200英寸)之间。在一个优选实施方案中其长度为约0.3cm(0.100英寸)。在一个优选实施方案中，隆起纵横比(LP/WP)为10。所示图案为交错隆起的规则重复图案，经常为行阵列，每一行可由行间隙RS分隔，RS在约0.03cm(0.010英寸)与约0.5cm(0.200英寸)之间。在一个优选实施方案中，行间隙RS为约0.15cm(0.060英寸)。在一行内隆起可由隆起间隙PS相互间隔，PS经常等于隆起长度LP。但间隙与图案可变，其方式由所需最终产品决定。
如附图10所示，图案压延滚轮110可包含隆起116的重复模型图案，其围绕表面114的整个周边延展。可供选择地，隆起116可围绕表面114周边的一部分或多个部分。同样，隆起116可包含非重复图案，或包含随机定向的隆起的重复图案。当然，若随机定向，则所得联结点朝向开孔的开口也可为随机的，这取决于联结点相对于张力方向的定向，见如下所述。例如，若织网仅受交叉方向(CD)张力，则联结点50具有一纵向轴1，该轴包含一加工方向(MD)的矢量分量。则联结点开口朝向开孔，开口程度至少应为矢量分量的大小。
隆起116优选截短为圆锥形，由表面114沿径向向外延展，其包含长方形或略呈椭圆形的远侧末端表面117。尽管并非有意将本发明的范围仅限于该配置的隆起，目前据信熔结点50的高纵横比仅在隆起远末端表面117同样为宽度较小且纵横比高的条件下才可获得，参见如上附图11所示。滚轮110优选经过修整，使得所有末端表面117位于与滚轮110转轴同轴的直立假想圆柱面上。
隆起高度应根据所联结的层压材料厚度选定。经常在压延加工过程中，高度尺寸应大于层压织网的最大厚度，以使联结点，且仅在联结点处产生足够联结。
砧滚轮112优选为平滑表面，为钢质直立圆柱面。
穿过夹钳106之后，该三(或更多)组件织网120、130和140形成为一体层压织网10，由此包封与织网130相关联的物质。在加工过程的该时刻，外层相互热结合，且无开孔，如附图1和2所示。织网130中的中间层30已开孔，在夹钳106中经隆起116偏移作用。由所采用的中间层决定，一个或多个中间层可或不可作为围绕联结点周边的联结。在一些情况下，尤其对于非热塑性、非纤维材料，中间层不能用于外层的联结。不过，对于热塑性材料及纤维材料，有时也用作中间层。
通过在垂直于联结点50轴1的方向对织网一部分进行延展，层压织网10还可加工为在整个层压织网(或其中部分层压织网)中形成开孔。另一描述形成开孔所必需延展的方式，即为形成开孔有必要施加足够的力，该力具有平行于横向轴t的矢量分量，导致联结点50的熔结弱化区破裂。如附图9与附图10所示，轴1经常平行于织网加工后的加工方向MD。因此，在联结部分交叉方向CD的延展具有平行于横向轴t的分量，并使得联结点50破裂开口，形成织网中的开孔。
使整个织网形成均匀开孔的方法为，使织网穿过由递增延展系统132形成的夹钳130，递增延展系统采用具有三维表面的相对的压紧装置134和136，其表面至少在一定程度上互补。延展层压织网可由本领域所知的其他方法实现，包括拉伸幅法或甚至手工方法。不过，为使整个织网上开孔分布更均匀，尤其是在如果需要使局部张力不同的情况下，则优选本发明所公开的递增延展系统。
现参见附图12，所示为递增延展系统132的局部放大视图，递增延展系统包括递增延展滚轮134和136。递增延展滚轮134包括多个齿160及相应的凹槽161，其围绕整个滚轮134周边扩展。增量延展滚轮136包括多个齿162及相应的凹槽163。滚轮134上的齿160与滚轮136上的凹槽163互相啮合或接合，而滚轮136上的齿162与滚轮134上的凹槽161互相啮合或接合。每一滚轮上的齿经常为三角形，如附图13所示。如果成品织网需要特定效果，则齿的顶端可稍呈圆形。
附图13所示分别为滚轮134与136上的齿160与162的啮合部分。本发明中使用的术语“节距”是指相邻齿顶端的间距。节距可在约0.05至约0.8cm(0.02至约0.30英寸)之间，优选为在约0.13至约0.4cm(0.05至约0.15英寸)之间。齿高(或齿深)由齿的根部至齿的顶端测量，优选为所有齿相同。齿高可在约0.3至2.3cm(0.10英寸至0.90英寸)之间，优选在约0.63至1.3cm(0.25英寸至0.50英寸)之间。
一个滚轮上的齿160可偏离另一个滚轮的齿162半节距，使得一个滚轮的齿(如齿160)与配对滚轮的齿间凹槽(如凹槽163)啮合。当滚轮互相“接合”或相对另一滚轮位于啮合操作位置时，该偏离可允许两滚轮啮合。在一个优选的实施方案中，各滚轮的齿仅部分啮合。齿嵌入相对滚轮的啮合程度在本发明中称为齿的“啮合深度”或“DOE”。如附图13所示，DOE值为平面P1与平面P2之间的距离，平面P1处各滚轮的齿顶端处于同一平面(接合程度为0％)，平面P2处一滚轮的齿顶端向内延展，超过平面P1且朝向相对的滚轮。对于特定层压织网，最佳的或有效的DOE值取决于齿高与齿节距以及织网的材料。
在其它实施方案中，配对滚轮的齿无需与相对滚轮的凹槽对齐。即，齿与凹槽在一定程度上可不同相，可为微小偏移，也可为较大偏移。
由于具有熔结位置50的层压织网经过递增延展系统132，层压织网10可受CD方向或交织方向的张力，使得层压织网10沿CD方向延展。可供选择地，或附加地，层压织网10可受MD方向(加工方向)的张力。施加于层压织网10的张紧力可调节(如提供调整DOE值)，可使其导致熔结位置50分裂或破裂，产生多个与层压织网10中熔结位置50相一致的开孔60。不过，层压织网10熔结的一部分仍保留，如附图4中部分62所示，因此尽管熔结位置破裂，层压织网仍可保持为相连的一体织网状态。
在受到递增延展系统132所施加的张力后，层压织网10包括多个与层压织网的熔结区域50相一致的开孔60。如所述，开孔60的周边边缘一部分包括熔结位置60的残余物62。据信残余物60有助于阻止残余物进一步开裂或分层。残余物62也可包含中间层30的部分，其包含程度使得联结中涉及中间层。
较为易碎或含气体较少的材料可用作中间层30，当层压织网如本发明所述递增延展时可获得有利的效果。例如，具有较高刚度的薄陶瓷材料可用作层压织网10的中间层30，层压织网在至少一个方向上可具有较高韧性，这取决于延展方向。因此，如果织网在CD方向递增延展，层压织网沿平行于MD方向的轴向将具有韧性，反之亦然。如果织网在两方向均递增延展，则所得层压织网10沿两轴向均具有较高韧性，而且由中间层所产生的离散“小岛”的尺寸决定，两外层可获得整体韧性。
实施例
表1所示以下实施例为本发明进行权利保护的示例性织网。由于外层和内层及其组合实际上有无穷多选择，所示实施例应为可能结构的例证，并不应限于任一具体材料或结构。尤其是，所述实施例限于目前优选包括无纺织网作为外层的结构。
表1中显示了材料的多种组合。对层进行编号，按照从一外层至另一外层在结构上接近的顺序。因此，层1总是外层，最末编号层同样也为外层。
对于所有所示样本，压延加工线速度(传送带)为30米(100英尺)每分钟，但线速度并不被认为该方法操作的关键。对于所有样本，压延加工压力为5000kPa(700psig)，但只要联结由两外层实现，压力可按需变化。
为形成以下样本的开孔实施方案，参见附图12，利用如上所述递增延展方法加工该热结合层压材料。对于这些样本，所示为“节距”与啮合深度(“DOE”)。
C1opay PE薄膜可从位于OH Cincinnati的Clopay公司获得。这种薄(为约0.003cm(0.001″)厚)的膜为柔软、可变形的聚乙烯型，经常用作吸收性成品的阻流材料。
Tredegar弹性成形薄膜可从位于印第安纳州Terre Haute的Tredegar薄膜产品公司获得。“成形薄膜”是指目视可扩展的三维塑性织网，包括连续统一的毛细管网络，毛细管网络由织网一个表面起始并扩展，以开孔形式终止于其相对表面。该成形薄膜公开于于1982年8月3日授予Radel等人的普通转让美国专利4,342,314中。弹性成形薄膜改进了前述Radel等人发明的织网，原发明公开于上述普通转让而共同未决的美国专利，其申请序列号为08/816,106，标题为抗裂多孔可延展织网，于1997年3月14日以Curro等人名义提交。Curro的106公开了经弹性加工的聚合织网，基本与前述Radel等人专利一致。该专利可由本领域已知的弹性材料制成，可为层压聚合材料。该类型层压材料可通过共挤出弹性材料及弹性较小的表层制备，可用于吸收性衣物的贴身部分，如腰带部分或裤边部分。
高内相比乳液开放单元泡沫材料可由基本与上述美国专利5,260,345和美国专利5,268,224所提出相一致的方法制成。
BBA与Corovin/BBA无纺织物可由位于南卡罗来州Greenville的BBA公司获得。
BOUNTY纸巾可由位于俄亥俄州Cincinnati的Procter & Gamble公司获得。
REYNOLD’s的金属箔产品可由Reynold’s Metal Products公司获得。
3M产品可由位于明尼苏达州Minneapolis的3M公司获得。
其他列出成分或组分为常用成分，制造本发明成品时无需考虑特定供应商。
对于以上所示材料，基本重量以克每平方米(gsm)为单位表示。低密度聚乙烯以“LDPE”表示；聚丙烯以“PP”表示；而聚乙烯以“PE”表示。热压粘合以“SB”表示。
                                                                        表1：本发明层压织网的实施例
  实施例编号   第1层   第2层   第3层   第4层   第5层   滚轮型板砧/图案(°F)   节距/DOE(英寸)
  1   获自Corovin/BBA的30gsm LDPE SB无纺织物   42gsmBOUNTY纸巾   获自Corovin/BBA的30gsm LDPE SB无纺织物 250/270
  2   获自Corovin/BBA的30gsm LDPE SB无纺织物   42gsmBOUNTY纸巾   42gsm BOUNTY纸巾   获自Corovin/BBA的30gsm LDPE SB无纺织物 250/270 0.200/0.300
  3   获自Corovin/BBA的30gsm LDPE SB无纺织物   42gsmBOUNTY纸巾   获自Corovin/BBA的30gsm LDPE SB无纺织物 250/270 0.060/0.850
  4   获自BBA的80/20(PE/PP)30gsm SB无纺织物   获自Clopay的23gsm PE薄膜   获自BBA的50/50(PE/PP)30gsm SB无纺织物 275/295
  5   获自BBA的80/20(PE/PP)30gsm SB无纺织物   获自Clopay的23gsm PE薄膜   获自BBA的50/50(PE/PP)30gsm SB无纺织物 275/295 0.200/0.300
  6   获自BBA的80/20(PE/PP)30gsm SB无纺织物   42gsmBOUNTY纸巾   获自Clopay的23gsmPE薄膜   获自BBA的50/50(PE/PP)30gsm SB无纺织物 275/295
  7   获自BBA的80/20(PE/PP)30gsm SB无纺织物   42gsmBOUNTY纸巾   获自Clopay的23gsmPE薄膜   获自BBA的50/50(PE/PP)30gsm SB无纺织物 275/295 0.200/0.300
  8   获自Corovin/BBA的30gsm LDPE SB无纺织物   获自3M的M77喷洒粘合剂约13gsm   REYNOLDS65gsm铝箔   获自3M的M77喷施粘合剂约13gsm   获自Corovin/BBA的30gsm LDPESB无纺织物 275/295 0.060/0.850
  9   获自Corovin/BBA的30gsm LDPE SB无纺织物   获自Tredegar的88gsm弹性成形薄膜   42gsm BOUNTY纸巾   获自Corovin/BBA的30gsm LDPE SB无纺织物 250/270 0.200/0.300
  10   获自Corovin/BBA的30gsmLDPESB无纺织物   获自Ato-Findley的喷施热熔融粘合剂约12gsm   62gsm高内相比乳液开放单元泡沫   获自Ato-Findley的喷施热熔融粘合剂约12gsm   获自Corovin/BBA的30gsm LDPESB无纺织物 250/270 0.200/0.300
  11   获自BBA的27gsm高伸长性梳理PP无纺织物   42gsmBOUNTY纸巾   获自BBA的60gsm80/20 50/50(PE/PP)的层压材料无纺织物 295/350 0.060/0.110
  12   31gsm亲水性PP粗梳无纺织物   21gsmBounty纸巾   Na2S04.10H20或CaCl2   21gsm Bounty纸巾   31gsm疏水性PP梳理无纺织物 325/325
  13   获自BBA的17gsm50/50(PE/PP)双组分纺粘无纺织物   获自Concord的130gsmSAF气流织网   获自BBA的17gsm50/50(PE/PP)双组分纺粘无纺织物 230/270 0.060/.070
  14   环轧23gsm双组分60/40(PE/尼龙)获自BBA的纺粘无纺织物   获自Tredegar的90gsm弹性成形薄膜   环轧23gsm双组分60/40(PE/尼龙)获自BBA的纺粘无纺织物 285/270 0.060/0.065
  15   环轧30gsm双组分50/50(PE/PP)获自BBA的纺粘无纺织物   获自Tredegar的90gsm弹性成形薄膜   环轧30gsm双组分50/50(PE/PP)获自BBA的纺粘无纺织物 285/270 0.200/0.245
  16   获自BBA的31gsm高伸长性梳理PP无纺织物   63gsmBounty纸巾   获自BBA的31gsm高伸长性梳理PP无纺织物 285/285 0.060/0.085
  17   获自BBA的30gsm 50/50(PE/PP)双组分离心粘合无纺织物   获自McMasterCarr的PVC热缩性薄膜(规格75)   获自McMaster Carr的PVC热缩性薄膜(规格75)   获自BBA的30gsm 50/50(PE/PP)双组分纺粘无纺织物 237/248 0.060/0.105
本发明层压织网可在多种应用中得到利用。在上述大多数实施例中，一个或多个中间层30包括开孔、微孔、洞眼或其他形式开口，粉末状、颗粒状、微粒状或凝胶状物质可有利地置于开口中。在所有上述实施例中，可将物质置于一个或多个中间层30中。其应用仅受可用作中间层30，或包括于其上或其中的组件的成分或组分所限。
通过实施例，本发明层压材料可用作擦拭物，包括湿法擦拭物、店面擦拭物、洁面物等。例如，实施例3包含一吸收性纤维层作为中间层30并在其中包封了清洁成分，其对于吸拾可由开孔捕获的涌流物与颗粒性物质而言是一极好的擦拭物。同样，实施例6包含聚乙烯薄膜，其对于要求擦拭物更耐用、具有额外洗擦性能的粗糙表面而言是-极好的擦拭物。本发明层压材料对于多数用途可视为耐用或半耐用的抹布或海绵。
本发明包含金属的织网可用于电气应用中。例如，表1中的实施例8可用于要求电气屏蔽具有软而柔顺载体材料的应用。类似实施例8的层压材料可用作电路板、电缆等的组件。
本发明层压织网可用作过滤器过滤与调节流体。以空气为例，通过使空气穿过适用设计的本发明层压织网，而层压织网包含包封于中间层30中的气味控制颗粒，可对空气进行过滤并添加香味。例如静电空气过滤器可由适用的异种聚合无纺材料层压制成。在一个实施方案中，过滤器可包括由适用材料及孔径组成的无纺材料，可以未延展状态提供，即在附图1和2所示的层压材料中。当使用过滤器，且孔被滤除碎屑阻塞时，则施加于过滤介质之上的张力将导致至少一些联结点50开口成为开孔。这时包含气味的物质如含香料物质可散发出气味，可使使用者感知应更换过滤器。这样，过滤器包括自调节与自动更换提示介质，以防止过滤器完全阻塞，避免送风马达等超负荷工作。
本发明层压织网可用于包封食品，如食品着色剂、调料、营养品、甜味剂等等。在一个实施方案中，例如实施例12或13中的基质(取决于是否需要亲水性纸浆)可在其中包封咖啡提味剂。织网可作为“茶”袋，由于单杯咖啡使得无需冲一壶或甚至多壶咖啡才即可获得所需最终香味。组分材料的疏水性/亲水性可不同，可根据所需保证释放不同的受控成分。
其他本发明层压材料的用途包括医疗包扎用品，如固定绷带或包扎材料。固定用材料可由具有两层无纺外层的成形层压材料制成，无纺外层包封膏泥成形的水凝粉末，作为中间层30或置于其上。适用的粉末由位于德克萨斯州Arlington的Johnson & Johnson公司购买，称为FAST PLASTER。
尽管已用具体实施方案来说明和描述了本发明，但显而易见的是，本领域的技术人员可在不背离本发明的精神和保护范围的情况下作出许多其它的变化和修改。因此有意识地在附加的权利要求书中指出在本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。

Claims (8)

1.物质包封系统，其在张力作用下能够开孔，所述系统包括：
(a)第一织网和第二织网，所述第一织网和第二织网由至少一个联结点以一种面对面的关系联结，所述联结点限定纵横比为至少2的伸长后熔结弱化区域，所述联结点具有定向于第一方向的纵向轴和定向于第二方向的横向轴，第二方向与所述第一方向垂直；
(b)粉末状、颗粒状、微粒状或凝胶状物质，所述物质设置于所述第一织网和第二织网之间；和
(c)在具有平行于所述横向轴的矢量分量的足够大的力的作用下，所述联结点破裂形成相应开孔以便于暴露所述物质。
2.物质包封系统，所述物质包封系统包括：
(a)第一织网和第二织网，所述第一和第二织网由至少一个联结点以面对面的关系联结，所述联结点限定纵横比为至少2的伸长后熔结弱化区域，所述联结点具有定向于第一方向的纵向轴和定向于第二方向的横向轴，第二方向与所述第一方向垂直；和
(b)中间层，其设置于所述第一和第二织网的至少一部分之间，所述中间层包含将要暴露的物质。
3.物质包封系统，所述物质包封系统包括：
(a)第一织网和第二织网，所述第一和第二织网由至少一个联结点以面对面的关系联结，所述该联结点限定纵横比为至少2的伸长后熔结弱化区，所述联结点具有定向于第一方向的纵向轴和定向于第二方向的横向轴，第二方向与所述第一方向垂直；和
(b)中间层，其设置于所述第一和第二织网的至少一部分之间并涉及所述联结点，所述中间层与所述第一和第二织网的至少一种材料特性不相同，所述材料特性选自热特性、伸长特性或传导特性。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的物质包封系统，其中所述第一和第二织网由多个所述联结点联结，每个所述联结点限定纵横比为至少2的延长熔结弱化区域，且每个所述联结点具有定向于第一方向的纵向轴和定向于第二方向的横向轴，第二方向与所述第一方向垂直。
5.如权利要求4所述的物质包封系统，其中每个所述纵向轴定向于相同的方向。
6.如权利要求1、2或3所述的物质包封系统，其中所述第一或第二织网包括无纺材料或聚合物膜。
7.如权利要求1所述的物质包封系统，其中所述第一和第二织网完全相同。
8.如权利要求2或3所述的物质包封系统，其中联结所述第一和第二织网时不使用粘合剂。
CNA028125436A 2001-06-21 2002-06-19 物质包封层压织网 Pending CN1697639A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/886,831 US20020039867A1 (en) 1999-12-21 2001-06-21 Substance encapsulating laminate web
US09/886,831 2001-06-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1697639A true CN1697639A (zh) 2005-11-16

Family

ID=25389869

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA028125436A Pending CN1697639A (zh) 2001-06-21 2002-06-19 物质包封层压织网

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20020039867A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1397241A2 (zh)
JP (1) JP2004534671A (zh)
CN (1) CN1697639A (zh)
AU (1) AU2002322267A1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2448220A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2003000487A2 (zh)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103690312A (zh) * 2013-12-16 2014-04-02 福建恒安集团有限公司 一种吸湿用品
CN103974829A (zh) * 2011-04-18 2014-08-06 阿迪达斯股份公司 用于连续封装细长部件的方法和设备以及所获得的封装的细长部件
CN104688141A (zh) * 2015-03-30 2015-06-10 苏州先蚕丝绸有限公司 一种抗菌抹布
CN105339163A (zh) * 2013-06-27 2016-02-17 3M创新有限公司 复合聚合物层及其制备方法
CN105329564A (zh) * 2014-08-12 2016-02-17 威欣利实业有限公司 不织布结构与包含该不织布结构的冲泡袋
CN105816949A (zh) * 2009-05-12 2016-08-03 费雪派克医疗保健有限公司 病人接口及其多个方面
CN108744216A (zh) * 2008-12-10 2018-11-06 瑞思迈有限公司 用于面罩的头带
CN110461285A (zh) * 2017-03-23 2019-11-15 伊西康公司 用于可弯曲关节的改善柔韧性和拉伸性的皮肤闭合系统和装置
US11020932B2 (en) 2017-06-30 2021-06-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Tip bonded formed laminates of film
CN114525623A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2022-05-24 耐克创新有限合伙公司 通过使用热粘合提高抗起球性的复合非织造织物
US11413370B2 (en) 2004-02-18 2022-08-16 Ethicon, Inc. Adhesive-containing wound closure device and method
US11446407B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2022-09-20 Ethicon, Inc. Adhesive-containing wound closure device and method
US11504446B2 (en) 2017-04-25 2022-11-22 Ethicon, Inc. Skin closure devices with self-forming exudate drainage channels
USD979768S1 (en) 2016-09-29 2023-02-28 Ethicon, Inc. Release paper for wound treatment devices
US11679034B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2023-06-20 Ethicon, Inc. Methods and devices for skin closure
US11974734B2 (en) 2018-07-31 2024-05-07 Ethicon, Inc. Skin closure devices with interrupted closure

Families Citing this family (58)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6986932B2 (en) * 2001-07-30 2006-01-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-layer wiping device
FR2838458B1 (fr) * 2002-04-12 2004-08-27 Rieter Perfojet Non tisse a nappes partiellement liees et ses procedes et machine de production
US7732657B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2010-06-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent article with lotion-containing topsheet
EP1573108B1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2022-04-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Tufted laminate web
US7682686B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2010-03-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Tufted fibrous web
ES2873898T3 (es) * 2002-12-20 2021-11-04 Procter & Gamble Banda fibrosa con mechones
US7507459B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2009-03-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Compression resistant nonwovens
US7270861B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2007-09-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Laminated structurally elastic-like film web substrate
US7838099B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2010-11-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Looped nonwoven web
MXPA05005748A (es) 2002-12-20 2005-08-16 Procter & Gamble Trama laminada con crestas.
US8241543B2 (en) 2003-08-07 2012-08-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for making an apertured web
MXPA06001493A (es) * 2003-08-07 2006-09-04 Procter & Gamble Pelicula perforada.
US7910195B2 (en) 2003-12-16 2011-03-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent article with lotion-containing topsheet
WO2005079726A1 (en) 2004-02-23 2005-09-01 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Breathing assistance apparatus
US9295799B2 (en) 2004-04-02 2016-03-29 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Breathing assistance apparatus
US7614812B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2009-11-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Wiper with encapsulated agent
US7914891B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2011-03-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Wipes including microencapsulated delivery vehicles and phase change materials
US7654412B2 (en) 2006-05-30 2010-02-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Wet wipe dispensing system for dispensing warm wet wipes
US7497351B2 (en) 2006-05-30 2009-03-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Wet wipe dispensing system
AU2007273324A1 (en) 2006-07-14 2008-01-17 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Breathing assistance apparatus
US8192841B2 (en) 2006-12-14 2012-06-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Microencapsulated delivery vehicle having an aqueous core
US7935207B2 (en) 2007-03-05 2011-05-03 Procter And Gamble Company Absorbent core for disposable absorbent article
US8502013B2 (en) 2007-03-05 2013-08-06 The Procter And Gamble Company Disposable absorbent article
US8021591B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2011-09-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for incrementally stretching a web
US10792451B2 (en) 2008-05-12 2020-10-06 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Patient interface and aspects thereof
DE202008007008U1 (de) * 2008-05-23 2008-08-14 Mcairlaid's Vliesstoffe Gmbh & Co. Kg Saugfähige Faserstoffbahn
US7924142B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2011-04-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Patterned self-warming wipe substrates
US11660413B2 (en) 2008-07-18 2023-05-30 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Breathing assistance apparatus
EP2349428B1 (en) 2008-10-10 2017-09-20 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Nasal pillows for a patient interface
US8158043B2 (en) 2009-02-06 2012-04-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for making an apertured web
US8153226B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2012-04-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Capped tufted laminate web
CA2760294C (en) * 2009-04-27 2017-05-16 Avery Dennison Corporation Systems, methods and materials for delivery and debonding on demand
CN102482030B (zh) * 2009-06-17 2014-11-26 皇家戴维艾格伯茨有限公司 用于制备饮料的系统、方法和包囊
WO2011002366A1 (en) * 2009-07-02 2011-01-06 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Web-shaped product for forming wearer-facing parts of sanitary articles, method for forming such product, and sanitary article
US8753466B2 (en) * 2009-10-23 2014-06-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of making disposable absorbent garments employing elastomeric film laminate body panels
WO2012047121A1 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-04-12 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Breathing assistance apparatus
US8818478B2 (en) 2011-03-31 2014-08-26 Adidas Ag Sensor garment
US8657596B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2014-02-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for deforming a web
US8708687B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2014-04-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for making a micro-textured web
US9724245B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2017-08-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Formed web comprising chads
US9242406B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2016-01-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus and process for aperturing and stretching a web
US9925731B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2018-03-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Corrugated and apertured web
US9044353B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2015-06-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making a micro-textured web
ITVR20110091A1 (it) * 2011-05-05 2012-11-06 Dugoni S C R L Panno per la pulizia di ambienti
CN102949157B (zh) * 2011-08-31 2017-02-22 沁心（上海）卫生用品有限公司 清洁用片体
US9469091B2 (en) 2012-08-08 2016-10-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making extensible web laminates
AU2013300237B2 (en) 2012-08-08 2018-05-31 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Headgear for patient interface
EP2909270A1 (en) 2012-10-22 2015-08-26 Avery Dennison Corporation Hybrid material of crosslinked microgel particles dispersed in an adhesive
JP5994695B2 (ja) * 2013-03-19 2016-09-21 王子ホールディングス株式会社 吸収性物品
GB2519509B (en) * 2013-09-20 2018-04-11 John Cotton Group Ltd Insulator pads
US20170044469A1 (en) * 2014-04-24 2017-02-16 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Chomically Indicating Sterile Wipes
KR101950388B1 (ko) * 2014-10-17 2019-02-20 세이지 오토모티브 인테리어스, 인크. 치수 강화를 갖는 다층 폴리우레탄 엠보싱 복합재
GB2537418A (en) * 2015-04-17 2016-10-19 Concepts For Success C4S E K Equipment and process for creating particle free regions in a particle loaded fibrous web
US11083638B2 (en) * 2017-09-06 2021-08-10 Naomie Crownie Crown bottoms: disposable undergarments
KR101822577B1 (ko) * 2017-10-31 2018-03-08 나정균 분리배출이 용이한 친환경 아이스팩
ES2969029T3 (es) 2018-08-22 2024-05-16 Procter & Gamble Artículo absorbente desechable
US11020938B2 (en) 2018-12-20 2021-06-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Bonded laminate including a formed nonwoven substrate
CN114055762B (zh) * 2021-12-08 2022-06-07 广州美斯乐科技有限公司 一种真空包装袋的制造设备及其制造工艺

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3927673A (en) * 1974-08-12 1975-12-23 Colgate Palmolive Co Quilted diaper
US4842596A (en) * 1986-12-31 1989-06-27 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method of making a breathable elastic fabric composite and personal article incorporating same
US5429628A (en) * 1993-03-31 1995-07-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Articles containing small particle size cyclodextrin for odor control
US5567501A (en) * 1994-06-15 1996-10-22 International Paper Company Thermally apertured nonwoven product
US5851935A (en) * 1996-08-29 1998-12-22 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. Cross-directionally stretchable elastomeric fabric laminated by thermal spot bonding
IT1268105B1 (it) * 1994-10-07 1997-02-20 P & G Spa Struttura di copertura per un articolo assorbente.
US5741564A (en) * 1995-06-22 1998-04-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Stretch-activated container
US5628097A (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-05-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for selectively aperturing a nonwoven web
US5626571A (en) * 1995-11-30 1997-05-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent articles having soft, strong nonwoven component
US5964742A (en) * 1997-09-15 1999-10-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Nonwoven bonding patterns producing fabrics with improved strength and abrasion resistance
US6270875B1 (en) * 1998-01-26 2001-08-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Multiple layer wipe
US20010008676A1 (en) * 1998-06-24 2001-07-19 James E. Pelkie Stretchable film having elongated apertures
WO2001045616A1 (en) * 1999-12-21 2001-06-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Laminate web comprising an apertured layer and method for manufacture thereof

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11413370B2 (en) 2004-02-18 2022-08-16 Ethicon, Inc. Adhesive-containing wound closure device and method
US11446407B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2022-09-20 Ethicon, Inc. Adhesive-containing wound closure device and method
CN108744216A (zh) * 2008-12-10 2018-11-06 瑞思迈有限公司 用于面罩的头带
CN105816949A (zh) * 2009-05-12 2016-08-03 费雪派克医疗保健有限公司 病人接口及其多个方面
CN103974829A (zh) * 2011-04-18 2014-08-06 阿迪达斯股份公司 用于连续封装细长部件的方法和设备以及所获得的封装的细长部件
CN103974829B (zh) * 2011-04-18 2016-12-14 阿迪达斯股份公司 用于连续封装细长部件的方法和设备以及所获得的封装的细长部件
CN105339163A (zh) * 2013-06-27 2016-02-17 3M创新有限公司 复合聚合物层及其制备方法
CN103690312A (zh) * 2013-12-16 2014-04-02 福建恒安集团有限公司 一种吸湿用品
CN105329564A (zh) * 2014-08-12 2016-02-17 威欣利实业有限公司 不织布结构与包含该不织布结构的冲泡袋
CN104688141A (zh) * 2015-03-30 2015-06-10 苏州先蚕丝绸有限公司 一种抗菌抹布
US11679034B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2023-06-20 Ethicon, Inc. Methods and devices for skin closure
USD979768S1 (en) 2016-09-29 2023-02-28 Ethicon, Inc. Release paper for wound treatment devices
CN110461285B (zh) * 2017-03-23 2022-04-15 伊西康公司 皮肤闭合系统和装置
CN110461285A (zh) * 2017-03-23 2019-11-15 伊西康公司 用于可弯曲关节的改善柔韧性和拉伸性的皮肤闭合系统和装置
US11883264B2 (en) 2017-03-23 2024-01-30 Ethicon, Inc. Skin closure systems and devices of improved flexibility and stretchability for bendable joints
US11504446B2 (en) 2017-04-25 2022-11-22 Ethicon, Inc. Skin closure devices with self-forming exudate drainage channels
US11345119B2 (en) 2017-06-30 2022-05-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Methods of forming laminates
US11020932B2 (en) 2017-06-30 2021-06-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Tip bonded formed laminates of film
US11974734B2 (en) 2018-07-31 2024-05-07 Ethicon, Inc. Skin closure devices with interrupted closure
CN114525623A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2022-05-24 耐克创新有限合伙公司 通过使用热粘合提高抗起球性的复合非织造织物
CN114525623B (zh) * 2020-10-30 2023-11-07 耐克创新有限合伙公司 通过使用热粘合提高抗起球性的复合非织造织物
CN114525623B8 (zh) * 2020-10-30 2023-12-29 耐克创新有限合伙公司 通过使用热粘合提高抗起球性的复合非织造织物
US12005691B2 (en) 2020-10-30 2024-06-11 Nike, Inc. Recyclable, asymmetrical-faced composite nonwoven textile having varied denier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003000487A3 (en) 2003-07-31
WO2003000487A2 (en) 2003-01-03
US20020039867A1 (en) 2002-04-04
EP1397241A2 (en) 2004-03-17
JP2004534671A (ja) 2004-11-18
AU2002322267A1 (en) 2003-01-08
CA2448220A1 (en) 2003-01-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1697639A (zh) 物质包封层压织网
CN1236908C (zh) 多层擦拭装置
CN1180933C (zh) 具有不对称粘合结构的改进无纺织物
US6716498B2 (en) Applications for substance encapsulating laminate web
US6830800B2 (en) Elastic laminate web
CN1180755C (zh) 吸收性物品
JP4954412B2 (ja) 有孔層を有する積層体ウェブ及びその製造方法
JP4894977B2 (ja) 表面凹凸構造を有する不織布及びそれを用いた製品
CN1143910C (zh) 柔软的无纺织物叠层
KR102454298B1 (ko) 흡수성 물품의 제조 방법 및 흡수성 물품
CN1547631A (zh) 高度伸长的有孔无纺织网及其制造方法
CN1202100A (zh) 对无纺织物网进行选择性开孔的方法
AU2002313695A1 (en) Multi-layer wiping device
CN1720362A (zh) 簇状的层压纤维网
JP3760599B2 (ja) 積層不織布及びそれを用いた吸収性物品
CN1400940A (zh) 有刚性化区的弹性层叠布及其制造方法
CN1193936A (zh) 具有带倾角的毛细管的薄膜
JP6053123B2 (ja) 吸収性物品
US20020022426A1 (en) Applications for elastic laminate web
JP3196084U (ja) 伸縮性シート
JP2007268217A (ja) 吸収性物品及び吸収性物品の製造方法
CN1390117A (zh) 具有垂直取向吸收件的吸收制品及其成形方法
JP3697805B2 (ja) 長繊維不織布及びそれを用いた吸収性物品
KR102599732B1 (ko) 신축성 다층 부직포 웹

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C02 Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001)
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication