CN1694025A - Automatic control system based on artificial intelligence for heat-engine plant - Google Patents
Automatic control system based on artificial intelligence for heat-engine plant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermoelectric power station automatic control system based on artificial intelligence. It includes dispersible control system, virtual DCS simulation system, program controlling system, monitoring information system and malfunction diagnosing and optimizing controlling system; the dispersible control system is connected with the virtual DCS simulation system and program controlling system; the program controlling system process the operating parameters of every machine group transmitted by dispersible control system, and at the same time transmits data to monitoring information system to display, then transmits malfunction diagnosing and optimizing controlling system to have equipment state monitoring, malfunction diagnosing and forewarns. The invention gathers automatic control, optimizing operation, security monitoring and malfunction diagnosing and forecast. It can improves the automated management level of the thermoelectric power station operation, and enhances enterprises' benefit. It has great economic and applied value in the producing process automatic control of the thermoelectric power station.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control system of enterprise production process, specifically a kind of thermal power plant's automatic control system based on artificial intelligence.
Two, background technology
Along with China's reform and opening-up and rapid development of economy, the power consumption demand also increases sharply, and power industry has become the bottleneck of restriction China economic development.Progress along with the epoch, various new technologies are maked rapid progress, and ground is continuous to be developed and maturation, comprise computer technology, the communication technology, control technology, display technique, expert system, knowledge reasoning, neural network, multivariable Control and fuzzy control theory etc., these new technologies have obtained application in power plant.Numerous domestic power plant has dropped into a large amount of financial resources on automatic control system, but is far from bringing into play its due effect.Main cause is that control system (DCS, PLC etc.), power plant's plant level supervisory information system (SIS) and various power plant application software that power plant uses are often all provided by different vendor, because factors such as technical know-how and commercial competition, each product supplier all is unwilling to provide the interface of own product, and the product that has caused different vendor to provide can't be well compatible.Optimize operation for control, the optimal control of generating production run with device status monitoring, fault diagnosis and the power plant of production status monitoring, on-line monitoring, giant mechanical and electrical equipment both at home and abroad at present and separate fully, do not have a family organically to integrate.Do the control situation of only being concerned about production run of control, that does device status monitoring and diagnosis only is concerned about status monitoring and diagnosis, and that does optimization system only is concerned about the algorithm of optimizing.In addition, because the heavy hard light and soft phenomenon of power plant's ubiquity, advanced hardware system is application software for want of, is difficult to its due benefit of performance.Even power plant has bought required various application software (system), because each system (software) is relatively independent, the information between each system can't in time be transmitted mutually, can't really solve power plant's automation issues.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of thermal power plant's production run automatic control system that computer technology, modern control theory and computer network communication technology are combined.This automatic control system integrates measurement, control, fault emergency processing, analyzing and diagnosing, Operating Guideline, optimization operation and production management, has satisfied the control requirement of thermal power plant to production run effectively.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of thermal power plant's automatic control system based on artificial intelligence is characterized in that: it comprises scattered control system, virtual controlling analogue system (Virtual DCS analogue system), program control system, supervisory information system and fault diagnosis and optimal control system; The scattered control system that is arranged on each reference mark of unit is connected with program control system with the Virtual DCS analogue system; The Virtual DCS analogue system that various data are set by the user voluntarily according to the production emulation mode is connected with program control system with scattered control system; Program control system compares the operational factor of each unit that the scattered control system transmission comes with the desired value that is arranged in the database, and the operational factor of each unit revised, unit is moved under optimal parameter and working condition, give supervisory information system with data transfer simultaneously; Information monitoring system shows together and passes to fault diagnosis and optimal control system with various data and information integration; Fault diagnosis and optimal control system real-time monitoring equipment state in time carry out fault diagnosis and early warning.
Among the present invention, described scattered control system comprises each reference mark that is arranged on main building and branch works, and the reference mark of main building comprises data acquisition (DAS), analog quantity control (MCS), sequential control (SCS), boiler furnace safeguard protection (FSSS), electric control system (ECS), steam turbine trip protection system (ETS) and steam turbine digital electric hydraulic regulating system (DEH); The reference mark of branch works comprises that flue gas desulfurization, water utilities are handled, lime-ash is handled, fails coal journey system and air-conditioning control.
Described supervisory information system is provided with other system interface with other systems communicate data.
Program control system has adopted the thermoelectricity brand-name computer among the present invention;; the DCS controlling schemes that stove is complete; by concentrated supervision and decentralised control to thermal power unit operation; finish data acquisition; handle; show; report to the police; tabulation is printed and performance Analysis and Calculation; finish whole regulatory functions automatically of unit; logic control and interlock protection; realization is the supervision and the control at center with CRT; guarantee that unit moves in the best way; when unit generation abnormal conditions or accident conditions; by protection; interlock logic; the automatic switchover relevant devices; avoid the damage of process equipment; perfect emergency review is provided; operation note; alarm logging and logout; distinguish culprit, improve operation level, help power plant to realize improving the purpose of security and economy.
The present invention is a large amount of standardised generic products that adopt when design, have both taken into account technical maturity, have also guaranteed the advance of system simultaneously.
Communication network adopts the medium of the redundant ether express network of 1000Mbps as information transmission and data transmission, shares international advanced technology.The network equipments such as communication network switch, communication network interface card adopt standardized technical grade product, specifically in the selection of product, adopt the moving and not husky switch of U.S. section of international most advanced level, under the prerequisite that guarantees reliability, make full use of the facility that modern society brings to us, improve product specification and tempo of development.
Adopt the hardware platform of Industrial PC Computer as operation and control, the assurance hardware platform can be finished upgrading automatically with the development of technology, guarantees the advance of technology.
Supervisory information system, Virtual DCS analogue system, fault diagnosis and optimal control system all adopt dispersion treatment unit (DPU) and the I/O module that Britain Continental Europe company produces among the present invention, can be T940 and 2500 products, satisfy comprehensive, the systematized demand of thermal power plant robotization control and application software.
Gordian technique of the present invention comprises: advanced control system integrated technology, Virtual DCS power station simulation technology, power plant's control application technology, power plant's performance Analysis and Calculation technology, power plant optimize running technology, based on power plant's fault diagnosis technology in inferenctial knowledge storehouse, the seven big gordian techniquies such as OPC application technology of various control system interconnection.
1, Xian Jin control system integrated technology
The present invention controls the four big basic functions of (MCS), sequential control (SCS) and boiler furnace safeguard protection (FSSS) except data acquisition (DAS), the analog quantity that can realize fired power generating unit; the function that also will originally be independent of branch works control system, electric control system (ECS), steam turbine trip protection system (ETS) and steam turbine digital electric hydraulic regulating system (DEH) outside the DCS is included the DCS range of control in; realize the DCS controlling schemes that thermal power plant is mechanical, electrical, stove is complete, represented the advanced level of current thermal power plant in the world control system.
System design is adopted Control Network redundancy, I/O network redundancy, is handled the module redundancy, system power supply redundancy, driving power redundancy, the configuration of inquiry power supply redundancy and diagnose self-diagnostic function to channel level, makes it have the reliability of height.Arbitrary assembly breaks down in the system, does not all influence whole system operation.
The parameter of system, warning and self-diagnostic function high concentration are showing on the CRT and are printing that control system is disperseed in function and physically highly on printer.
(1) grid
The grid of system is redundant Ethernet, is used to connect engineer station, operator station etc., finishes the communication and the exchanges data at each station, and transfer rate 100Mbps, communication media are super Category-5 twisted pair, adopts ICP/IP protocol, based on the quick ethernet of crossover.
(2) man-machine interface
Scattered control system adopts the hardware of the Industrial PC Computer of high configuration as man-machine interface.The resolving power that the monitor system operation station shows is 1280 * 1024, has 32k kind color, and Chinesizing shows (comprising warning) fully.
It is the one group of tool software of supporting communication, tactful configuration, database generation, system testing, operation and maintenance that moves on WINDOWS NT workbench that T3500/DS develops software.The Software tool that is used for configurations such as display frame and form, it is an all-graphic configuration instrument of supporting What You See Is What You Get (WYSWYG----What You See is What You Get) mode, system provides and has comprised standard I SA-S88 icon and a large amount of dynamically picture library of icon, make that the generation of flow process picture is light simple and direct, can finish the configuration of process flow diagram, trend map, control operation panel, warning, form, total looks, historical record, diagnosis picture etc.Database more can generate automatically, improved configuration efficient greatly, and can provide means such as online help, self-built document, standard C language programming, the generation of application software is simple and direct and directly perceived, and be easy to long-time maintenance, make the programming personnel need not to possess too high basis of software and both can finish system configuration, thereby main energy is placed in the formulation and optimization of control strategy.
Operation of T3500/RT process monitoring and control are based on the fully-integrated control system configuration software of Windows NT platform.Its core is the industrial automation control configuration software (FIX) of world rankings first, has powerful control and function for monitoring and good man-machine interface.
The LINtools software configuration mode that is used for the control strategy configuration is flexible, be graphical, modular configuration mode, configuration instrument provides the multiple function of IEC1131-3 standard and algoritic module to select for use for the user, can finish the control strategy configuration of data acquisition, analog quantity control, sequential control.
(3) Control Network
Redundant Control network ELIN is used to connect dispersion treatment unit, engineer station, operator station and historical data station, finishes the communication and the exchanges data at each station, and transfer rate 100Mbps, communication media are twisted-pair feeder, adopts ICP/IP protocol.
(4) dispersion treatment unit
The dispersion treatment unit is the CPU (central processing unit) of field control station, mainly bear our station signal Processing, control computing, with the tasks such as communication of active station and other processing unit, it is a high performance technical grade CPU (central processing unit), adopt modular construction, the dispersion treatment unit can the redundant use of Hot Spare mode.
(5) I/O network
Adopt most popular in the world fieldbus Profibus-DP to connect dispersion treatment unit and I/O unit in the system for field control station.Profibus-DP be specially for automatic control system with between device level dispersion I/O, carry out communication and design.Both can satisfy high-speed transfer, characteristics such as simple and practical, that economy is strong were arranged again.
Profibus-DP meets the EN50170 standard, and topological structure is a bus type, at the active Bussing connector in bus two ends.Maximum node number 128 wherein can connect 16 nodes at most in each segmentation, transfer rate 9.6Kbps-12Mbps is relevant with every segment distance.When communication media is a Shielded Twisted Pair distance in 100 meters the time, can reach 12Mbps, when distance is in 500 meters, can reach 3Mbps.
(6) I/O module
The I/O module is hermetically sealed, modular construction, can prevent dust, moisture proof, anti-salt fog, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) etc., and functional, fault diagnosis can arrive channel level, hot-pluggable.Adopt the surface mount advanced technology, press FCS standard design and manufacturing, can be used for the remote I/O mode.
2, Virtual DCS power station simulation technology
Virtual DCS power station simulation machine is not needing DCS dispersion treatment unit (DPU) fully, the I/O module, hardware such as control rack, the control strategy of dispersion treatment unit (DPU) directly moves on workstation, link to each other by the machine stove object that moves under virtual terminal row and the emulation support system, constituted the Virtual DCS analogue system, the Virtual DCS analogue system have only dynamo-electric stove to as if imitative, and the DCS system is in steering logic, automatic regulation scheme, picture and scheduling mode, the inquiry of historical data mode, report to the police and inquire about and affirmation, aspects such as device level drive block function and panel and actual DCS are in full accord.Virtual DPU technology is to improve the effective technology instrument of the outgoing of control system (comprising main and auxiliary system of power plant), virtual DPU improves automatization level for power plant to be provided really, has effectively tested and analysis platform, becomes the important component part of modern Power Plant Thermal Process robotization.
3, power plant's control application technology
Adopt power plant's optimal control technology of modern control theory, according to factors such as hear rate, lifting load characteristic, loss equipment life and fuel price between each unit of power plant, load between unit is optimized distribution (comprising start and stop), entire power plant can be moved, if more additional again other cost factor just can form cost accounting module or the quotation system that power plant surfs the Net at a competitive price under minimum cost.
On the other hand, the optimization operation of subsidiary engine etc. also directly influences control, coal consumption and the safety etc. of unit, as for avoiding the coal dust overflow, the machine supplying powder minimum speed must be greater than certain certain value, input along with AGC, the variation of unit load is no longer by operations staff's control, and the variation of the necessary random groups load of the machine supplying powder quantity that comes into operation;
The concrete application comprises that " pump " and height add automatically " switching " etc. automatically for varitrol quality optimization, the control of coal pulverizer load, boiler harmonious combustion, feed pump.
(1) digital electro-hydraulic regulating system for steam turbine (DEH)
Along with the increase of monoblock capacity and the raising of parameter, the startup of unit and operation become and become increasingly complex.Steam turbine pure digi-tal electro-hydraulic control system has startup, the raising speed to turbine generator, the increase and decrease of being incorporated into the power networks, loading, draw gas monitor, operate, control, function such as protection, and digital processing and CRT Presentation Function.Compare with traditional hydraulic control system, digital electrohydraulic control system is owing to uses digital computer technique to realize as regulator that the loop variable is regulated as the basis and system is static puts in order certainly etc., control law and parameter (as separating lotus root coefficient etc.) realize with software, the degree of accuracy height can be realized static fully from putting in order employing proportional integral and differential (PID) regulator, make system's static state and dynamic property all obtain very big improvement, make system overshoot descend, stability strengthens, and process time shortens.
Removal of load is one of worst operating mode of steam turbine, and the overspeed situation after the unit removal of load of drawing gas is even more serious, draw gas unit when adopting hydraulic pressure to involve regulating system, rotating speed raises after the removal of load, because the effect of governing system makes the high voltage adjusting steam valve close, but the also not excision of drawing gas this moment, the minimizing of steam turbine throttle flow can cause extraction pressure to reduce, cause the high voltage adjusting steam valve again to opening the direction motion by pressure-control circuit, the result of this effect makes hypervelocity that the trend of aggravation be arranged.In order to prevent hypervelocity, on the pilot valve of speed control loop control, designed a T shape control window, after rotating speed surpassed certain numerical value, control oil channel entered into T shape district, regulated closing of steam valve thereby quicken high pressure cylinder.But this measure with unit be raised to one than high rotational speed as cost, if this moment governing system fault or delay are arranged slightly, then unit will be in the overspeed condition of comparison danger.After adopting digital electro-hydraulic control system, overspeed protection (OPC) signal is directly taken from oil switch tripping operation or 103%n0 tach signal, connects the overspeed protection solenoid valve by hardwire, makes the adjusting steam valve close the admission of instantaneous trip steam turbine rapidly.Owing to adopted the decoupling zero measure of indifference adjusting, the throttle flow along with steam turbine after the removal of load reduces simultaneously, and extraction pressure reduces, and the control loop that draws gas turns down adjusting steam valve (rotary separator) separately, so more helps suppressing the speed fling lifting of unit.
Steam turbine pure digi-tal electro-hydraulic control system among the present invention makes DEH and DCS unify the control system platform, and DEH and DCS have realized integrated, can share all information by network between DEH and the DCS.Interface is simplified between DEH and the DCS, and process control parameters does not need to repeat to send two systems, has saved the special purpose interface of the control of in the past loading between the DCS and DEH, has improved load responding speed.Integrated all operations and the function for monitoring that can realize the DEH system in the DCS system of DCS and DEH makes the operator station of DCS, DEH all become the global function operator station, and can cancel conventional reserve hand and scalp.
(2) electrical system is included DCS in
Conventional control device is still adopted in the electrical control of present most of power plant units, and using on the Pan Tai one to one, the skilled hand grasps mode.Along with the fast development of computing machine and improving constantly of control technology, make the control of machine stove seem inharmonious day by day with electrical control, controlling level also widens gradually.In order to solve this contradiction, effectively will electricly to include DCS in exactly Guaranteed for way, and realization thermoelectricity brand-name computer stove is electrical integrated, has so both utilized the mature decentralised control technology of DCS, can improve the electrical control level again.Electrical control is included in after the DCS, can make full use of the means of DCS, it is more convenient, more complete that function such as electric anti-misoperation is realized, and the display alarm of correlative and the regulating and controlling of electrical equipment are organically combined, and effectively improves the security and the reliability of whole electrical control.
Electrical system is included DCS in can make the automatic program control that can realize overall process when unit is a whole set of to be started from raise steam to generator connecting in parallel with system band initial load.During the unit normal starting, when generator reaches rated speed, DCS will drop into AVR.When generator voltage reaches ratings, DCS will drop into synchronous device.Be to be realized automatically by synchronous device the same period of generator and electrical network, controls AVR, DEH by DCS in the same period in the process, when the same period, condition satisfied, sends out reclosing command to generator breaker.In the asynchronous switch-on success, the generator electric load reaches after the certain value, and DCS switches to the high pressure station service electrical system in the change of high pressure factory from Qi Beibian fast.During the unit orderly closedown, DCS control reduces unit load, and when unit load dropped to certain certain value, DCS switched to the high pressure station service electrical system fast and opens/be equipped with the power supply of change system; When unit load continues to drop to zero, the tripping main switch, connection is jumped steam turbine (main inlet throttle-stop valve is closed), eliminating magnetism of generator.
(3) means of flue gas desulfurization of power plant control technology
The desulfurization control system comprises limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization, in-furnace calcium spraying and three kinds of technologies of ammonification desulfurization.The limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization device is used commonplace at home and abroad, desulfuration efficiency reaches more than 95%, and its main technique system comprises supply and pulping system, flue gas system, the gypsum preparation of absorption tower, lime stone and abandons system, Waste Water Treatment, fresh water (FW) system.Package unit adopts a cover scattered control system to control; in the desulfurization pulpit be and core with CRT and keyboard; and be equipped with that a spot of emergency backup action button is finished the opening of desulphurization system, stopped operating, the supervision of analog quantity control and operational factor, and finish the sequential control and the interlock protection of relevant utility appliance.
Following function is mainly finished in means of flue gas desulfurization of power plant control: the control of lime stone slurry concentration, gypsum patty will THICKNESS CONTROL, the control of mist eliminator washing water quantity, wastewater discharge control, the control of SO2 removal efficiency, fans entrance pressure control
Main interlock protection: bypass is cut in FGD unit protection action by force, and important protection is got two, three and got middle metering system with process signal, state employing three, stand-by equipment start and stop interlocking, case jar level chain, pipe-line equipment flushing interlocking
Sequence control system: FGD starts, stops to clean suitable control, limestone slurry preparation along control, the suitable control of gypsum dehydration system along control, absorption tower sequential control, mist eliminator
(4) power plant's branch works control technology
Current large electric power plant unit furnace, mechanical, electrical operation and management level improve constantly, scattered control system (DCS) is reliable efficiently with it, characteristics have obtained good effect in power plant uses easily, its high reliability, abundant control function and being reduced to of operation cut payroll to improve efficiency many convenience are provided, improved operation, the management level of power plant greatly, and the backup system of forward power plant is permeated comprehensively.People more and more pay attention to improving the automatization level of backup system, reasonably press process system or geographic position design control system or reference mark, realize full CRT monitoring, improve system's safety in operation and economy, strengthen the market competitiveness of power plant.In addition, improve the automatization level of backup system, adopt computer supervisory control system at branch works, this is also for realizing that monitoring of full factory and management information system networking provide condition.
Present many large thermal power plant bases situation separately, the measure of all having considered and having taked to improve the branch works controlling level in different degree, as: the monitor mode that ash disposal, make-up water processings, condensate water precision processing, waste water and wastewater treatment, defeated coal etc. all adopt PLC+CRT to stand than complexity or the more backup system of operating equipment.The control of circulating pump room equipment is finished by the DCS of unit.Carbonated drink is analyzed and is adopted computing machine (data acquisition system (DAS)) to replace original conventional secondary instrument.But these do not give full play to computer-controlled advantage, and the monitoring of each control system is separate fully, do not consider sharing of resource fully, cause waste.The control system equipment pattern is various, produces and safeguards inconvenience.Simultaneously, the control mode of current branch works is the workshop centralized control, also there are many shortcomings in this: each branch works all is provided with the pulpit, 2～3 operation persons on duty that each workshop all needs to fix, not only operational management can not be concentrated, and affiliated facility such as HVAC be provided with various, thereby cause the waste of human and material resources resource.
Power plant's backup system and branch works mainly contain: coal handling system, oil-firing pump house, pneumatic ash removal system (comprising ash disposal air compressor machine, Hui Ku, gasification Ventilator Room), water sluice system (comprise the pulp pump room, remove ash water pump house, stone coal measures system), electric precipitator, condensate water precision processing and regenerative system, the chemistry medicine system, carbonated drink sampling and analytic system, boiler feed water system, waste water and sewage disposal system, the integrated water pump house, the HVAC system, compressed air station, circulating pump room.
The scheme that power plant's branch works control technology adopts is: the defeated coal of cancellation, change water and ash disposal pulpit, at the monoblock central station of floating dock video wall is set, 21 cun color television monitors of 4-5 platform are installed, handle centralized control point at water, ash, coal and be provided with close-circuit television,closed-circuft televishon, equipment unattended and important in the system or zone are assisted supervision, in the front of video wall 4 cover operator stations are installed, are failed coal and go out ash system in order to monitor, and carry out the switching of closed-circuit television.
Coal handling system is considered the actual conditions such as coal conveyer belt length of power plant, locates to be provided with a plurality of remote I/O stations at harbour, transfer station, run coal bin and fortune coal power distribution station etc.
Change being installed in of water system water management chamber, consider the physical distribution of water treatment of power plant system, locate to be provided with several remote I/O stations in comprehensive pump house, carbonated drink sampling and analysis room, HVAC system, waste water and sewage disposal system etc.
The pneumatic ash removal system of every boiler, water sluice system carry out Centralized Monitoring to whole ash-slag disposal system, locate to be provided with some remote I/stand at pneumatics machine room, pneumatic ash removal system, ash trench system and electric precipitator etc.
The purpose that remote I/O station is set is to save a large amount of cables, mounting material and executive cost, and DPU is attached to active station by the communication network of redundancy, makes the operations staff by whole coal measures system is carried out Centralized Monitoring.After the reference mark merged, some on-the-spot no fixed personnel workshop on duty needed regularly to make an inspection tour, and is provided with close-circuit television,closed-circuft televishon at coal, ash system, and equipment unattended and important in the system or zone are assisted supervision, reduces and patrols and examines workload.When power plant was provided with the level of factory supervisory system, coal measures system, ash system disposal system were connected with the level of factory supervisory system, directly provided effectively production management information in real time to the senior management staff of power plant, realized high efficiency production management.
4, power plant's performance Analysis and Calculation technology
Artificial neural network technology is very active in the research in fields such as fault diagnosis and process control.The mapping of neural network strong non-linear, association, memory capability are for the data verification in power plant's optimization system also particularly suitable, as simulating curve any time on 3 layers of BP network theory, the neural network that utilization trains, quality that can not only verification msg, and for bad data, can go out correct data according to good data prediction last time, its error is very little.The self-learning function of neural network can make verification system adapt with unit actual motion state all the time.
5, power plant optimizes running technology
By optimizing operation, make the operational factor of unit more stable, make unit parameter press the red line operation, make unit operation in optimal parameter and optimum condition.Major-minor device assumes such as the large-size steam turbine of thermal power plant, boiler, blower fan, pump heavy production task, by optimizing the operation level that operation improves existing unit, development of latent energy-saving potential reaches economical operation, energy saving purposes is that very huge economic benefit and social benefit are arranged.
Along with developing rapidly of computer technology, network technology and database technology, artificial intelligence technology obtains development rapidly.The present invention is applied to combustion process optimization with nerual network technique, realizes the high-level efficiency of combustion process, the low objective optimization that pollutes; And the application nerual network technique, solve the soft problems of measurement of some distinctive signal (as fineness of pulverized coal, pulverized-coal concentration etc.).The present invention can improve boiler efficiency 2% (being 0.5-1.5% at full capacity), reduces NOX discharging 10% (being 3-5% at full capacity).The present invention is an object with large-scale coal-fired fired power generating unit, is means by the artificial intelligence technology and the bionical principle of optimality, and station boiler high-level efficiency and the low system scheme that pollutes (NOx emission control) multiobjective optimal control are provided.
Optimization running technology of the present invention has three principal features: 1, expection is brought up in traditional boiler operating efficiency monitoring and analysis and realized high efficiency boiler operation control; 2, in the combustion process of coordinating boiler operating efficiency and NOx discharging, realize multiple-objection optimization; 3, the artificial intelligence model that solves many special problems of measurement in its basic measurement and complex combustion processes characteristic for the coal-burning boiler unit is expressed.
6, based on power plant's fault diagnosis technology in inferenctial knowledge storehouse
In generating and power system monitor, power plant at different levels and grid dispatching center have been equipped with many Control Software, are mainly used in the supervision and the control of electric system under the normal condition.When fault, accident condition, these automated systems become simple data acquisition system (DAS), give the yardman with a large amount of warning messages indiscriminately, require the yardman in the extremely short time, to read and understand a large amount of warning messages, and take in time, action accurately is unusual difficulty, should offer operating personnel after with valuable data and information via analysis, screening, reasoning by control system, make the mass data that obtained and the value of information obtain effectively and timely utilizing.
Power plant's fault diagnosis technology based on the inferenctial knowledge storehouse has following characteristics:
(1) mathematical model combines with expert system, based on the real-time online programming of natural language
Power plant operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse provides modeling language IML (INTEMOR Modeling Language) and expert system develoment tool KB Builder.Because being separated of its knowledge base and inference machine, and its parallel computation function, KB Builder makes power plant's operation inferenctial knowledge storage capacity easy care and renewal.The mode that power plant's operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse developing instrument has successfully imitated human accumulation knowledge, refreshed one's knowledge: when making up knowledge base, the programming personnel does not need to do architectonic overall design.When in knowledge base, increase, deletion or when revising rule, or when reusing a certain variable, needn't consider that connecting each other with coupling between the rule concerns.KB Builder allow with really time data carry out knowledge base system at line development.Be the operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse development language KBL (Knowledge Base Language) of the custom-designed power plant of KB Builder, adopt the coding style of natural language, and be furnished with for the check compiler of debugging use, the function and the historical data built-in function of numerical evaluation are provided, can help the user to obtain expertise effectively, exploitation is based on the real-time expert system of the Internet.The use of KB Builder grasp simple to operate, reliable, easy, the expert system of suitable exploitation real-time online.Open human-computer interaction function makes power plant's operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse development environment become user's knowledge technology instrument on hand.
(2) management and control flow process level opinion: data stream, information flow and knowledge flow
Data are to the direct description of objective object or measurement (in commercial production, from the measurand of sensor); Information then is the contact between the complicated coupling data; Knowledge representation the synthetic relationship between the structurized information; And intelligence is the ability yardstick that obtains knowledge and use knowledge.Usually, experience is many more, and the ability of obtaining, control knowledge is strong more.We are referred to as privately owned knowledge (Private knowledge) this experience.It comprises experience, tricks of the trade, inspiration, personal image and the contact channel etc. that obtain and accumulate through practice.Privately owned knowledge often can't be used algorithmic notation, and very difficulty is obtained, but is bringing into play enormous function in practice.Corresponding with it, publicly-owned knowledge (CommonKnowledge) refers to the knowledge obtained by publicly-owned knowledge transfer mode (as listening to the teacher reading).In the current era of knowledge-driven economy, competition shows as occupying and utilize degree privately owned knowledge.Enterprise especially away from the enterprise in city, can not support and also supports incessantly these experts.At present, privately owned knowledge is not the wealth of enterprise, and when the expert's resignation or the retirement that have it, enterprise has just lost it.How to obtain effectively and to distil expertise and be used for the real-time industrial process is one difficulty on the expert system road for development always.
In order effectively to take precautions against the generation of various accidents, take precautions against in the compiling procedure of handbooks all matters, big and small always in various security incidents in every profession and trade, exhaustive, it is numerous and diverse, tediously long that this must cause various security incidents to take precautions against handbooks.For most of people, it is very difficult to keep security manual firmly in mind; And those be may cause the fault of serious accident in a single day to occur the time, and the work on the spot operating personnel are difficult in time find related content from operation manual.The operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse thermoelectricity consultant TPC of power plant (Thermal Power Consultant) provides the link at each bar fault related content in operation manual.Simultaneously, when accident was quoted, relevant handbook content (publicly-owned knowledge) promptly can be shown to operating personnel.At years of researches, use, we have summed up the method that a cover obtained, stores, distilled expertise effectively and publicly-owned knowledge and privately owned knowledge are combined effectively.Realize effective application of publicly-owned knowledge, made management philosophy and rules and regulations real time implementation, intellectuality and practicability, can in time offer operating personnel to sufficient knowledge, information.
(3) emulation is checked and approved, human-computer interaction, and off-line is trained in real time
In history, exploitation, use real-time expert system and all can face such difficult problem:, owing to lack real time data and all kinds of incident, can't test and debug real-time expert system in the development phase.The present invention has successfully solved this difficult problem.The Virtual DCS replicating machine is a real-time emulation system flexible and easy to use, can move on unit or network.Its " user-defined dynamic event " and " real time data generator " can produce various real time datas and dynamic event voluntarily by the user, and the expert system of being developed is debugged, and also can be used to work out various demo systems.
(4) realize the integrated of various data, information and knowledge, existing equipment is combined with new technology, integrate various softwares
Power plant operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse successfully uses in power plant, and its software system structure can be described with following formula: the software frame pattern that sandwich construction+unit module+base becomes to make up+and based on the real-time programming of natural language.The architecture of such real time intelligent control development of Management System instrument, be exactly to become the division of labor clear and definite sandwich construction and loosely-coupled modular unit combination system to a huge system decomposition of complexity, separate with technology professional as far as possible, the basic technology platform of setting up an energy widespread use removes to support different business modules.Simultaneously, under power plant's operation inferenctial knowledge lab environment, various data, information and knowledge integrate, and show with the hypermedia mode on a computer screen.Power plant's operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse hypermedia display system is to show and explain the strong tool of these data, information and knowledge.Power plant adopts in operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse the splitter technology of the many display spaces of hypermedia, and full screen display is divided into four spaces, has showed various data, information and knowledge with limited space.
Forecast overweights warning.If can do sth. in advance one minute, even do sth. in advance a second, many major accidents just can prevent trouble before it happens, thereby significantly reduce injures and deaths and loss.Power plant operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse has from the function of extraneous database and real-time production run reading of data and information, comprises real-time data base (RTDB) and historical data base (HDB).Utilize power plant's operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse developing instrument exploitation expert knowledge library on this basis, carry out intelligent management and control by the hypermedia display system.Realize " use information management information, use the information management data, ", thereby the security of raising production run, efficientibility, reach economy by Data Control production run and equipment.
(5) thermal power plant's problem of power plant's operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse TPC solution
Through knowledge acquisition and rig-site utilization practice for many years, we have summed up most of case of thermal power plant and have obtained and have extracted corresponding knowledge rule and be stored in the knowledge base, and have write out relative privately owned knowledge and publicly-owned knowledge and be linked in the hypermedia display system.When practical application, the operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse TPC of power plant can provide corresponding knowledge and message to operating personnel with regard to the most of accident of thermal power plant, fault and operation running status in time.Usually, according to the concrete condition of each power plant, adjust and increase new case and knowledge, can finish within a short period of time.
According to the ruuning situation of thermal power plant, the knowledge base of the operation inferenctial knowledge storehouse TPC of power plant can be divided into Unit four: 1.. and the generating plant is totally monitored; 2.. boiler and auxiliary device; 3.. steam turbine and auxiliary device; 4.. generating, power transformation, electric part.
7, the OPC application technology of various control system interconnection
OPC (OLE for Process Control---be used for the OLE of process control) be an industrial standard, it is many robotizations advanced in the world and the crystallization soft, that hardware company is cooperated with the Microsoft.This standard definition use the method for microsoft operating system exchange robotization real time data between based on the client computer of PC.OLE/COM is a kind of Client, has language independent, code reusability, is easy to advantages such as integration.The client goes visit with uniform way, thereby guarantees the transparency of software to the client, makes the user spin off from the exploitation of low layer fully.
Along with the fast development of software industry and computer network, information can not be an isolated island again, and people are to the reusability of information, and interactivity is had higher requirement.The introducing of OPC standard, make the setting of hardware and software of process control become simply, hardware manufacturer is as long as exploitation meets the driver of OPC standard, i.e. opc server software, just can put things right once and for all, because this server supports that for all OPC standard OPC client software is used.Such system can upgrade and revise very easily, increases an equipment (the opc server assembly is provided), and all softwares can carry out exchanges data with it.
The introducing of OPC standard has brought following some benefit: 1, the user can unrestricted selection hardware and software, has reduced learning time and training cost; 2, realization is saved the maintenance cost of system to the configuration optimization of system easily; 3, the software developer can no longer take great energy the driver of the various hardware of exploitation, increases and improves on the function of software and time and efforts concentrated on; 4, the hardware development merchant can save the development cost of various I/O drivers, concentrates one's energy to produce to be easy to user's hardware that use, perfect in shape and function.
The opc server assembly Keyuan OPC Server that is used for thermal power plant's various control system interconnection among the present invention, its supports to reach hundreds of DCS/PLC/SCADA system, and is that other system of thermal power plant provides data with the uniform data form.It meets the actual conditions of thermal power plant's control system, has broken through the conventional frame of thermal power plant automation, and making the various control system integration that does not have mutually to get in touch is one, develop into the enterprise-level application of integration, play the optimization Enterprise Resource, reduce enterprise cost, improve the effect of comprehensive benefit.
Compared with prior art, the present invention integrates automatic control, optimizes operation, safety monitoring, fault diagnosis and fault prediction, has following advantage:
1, improves the automatic management level of power plant's operation, strengthen the performance of enterprises.Improve the warning system of existing control system of power plant, a large amount of wrong report information of eliminating and avoiding existing control system to exist realize that short of warning just can guarantee that unit operation is normal, and unit operation is undesired just necessarily warning message; When the unit equipment fault, in time carry out main cause and report to the police simultaneously, the warning message that provides equipment failure to cause, and the fault handling suggestion is provided, guarantee unit safety operation; Provide power plant's operation to optimize and Operating Guideline, according to analysis, arrangement, excavation and conclusion to a large amount of real time datas, adopt neural network theory, do not needing to test the optimum operating condition that obtains under the situation about calculating under the various loads with complexity theory, optimize the operation guidance for the operations staff of power plant provides, improve the economy of unit; For great operation provides the analog simulation function,, improve the safety index of unit for the unit fault provides the real-time playback function.
2, optimizing equipment operation is beneficial to environmental protection.The present invention can increase substantially usage ratio of equipment; the direct economic loss that minimizing causes stopping production and causes because of equipment failure reduces and produces setup time and non-programmed halt number of times, improves the comprehensive benefit of power plant; guarantee the safety and economic operation of power plant, reduce the generation of electric pollution thing.
3, improve energy utilization rate, promote energy-saving and cost-reducing.The present invention helps the raising of power plant's production process optimization and equipment operating efficiency by the operation power process is in time monitored comprehensively, reaches optimization production, reduces the purpose of generating coal amount unit consumption, promotes energy-saving and cost-reducing.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of gordian technique among the present invention.
Five, embodiment
A kind of thermal power plant's automatic control system based on artificial intelligence of the present invention comprises scattered control system, Virtual DCS analogue system, program control system, supervisory information system and fault diagnosis and optimal control system.The scattered control system that is arranged on each reference mark of unit is connected with program control system with the Virtual DCS analogue system, scattered control system comprises each reference mark that is arranged on main building and branch works, and the Virtual DCS analogue system that various data are set by the user voluntarily according to the production emulation mode is connected with program control system with scattered control system; Program control system compares the operational factor of each unit that the scattered control system transmission comes with the desired value that is arranged in the database, and the operational factor of each unit revised, unit is moved under optimal parameter and working condition, give supervisory information system with data transfer simultaneously; Information monitoring system shows together and passes to fault diagnosis and optimal control system with various data and information integration; Fault diagnosis and optimal control system real-time monitoring equipment state in time carry out fault diagnosis and early warning.
Among the present invention, the reference mark of main building comprises data acquisition (DAS), analog quantity control (MCS), sequential control (SCS), boiler furnace safeguard protection (FSSS), electric control system (ECS), steam turbine trip protection system (ETS) and steam turbine digital electric hydraulic regulating system (DEH); The reference mark of branch works comprises that flue gas desulfurization, water utilities are handled, lime-ash is handled, fails coal journey system and air-conditioning control.
The Virtual DCS analogue system comprises optimization operation module, optimal control module, safeguards training module, moves training module, fault diagnosis research module, operating analysis module, simulation debugging module and operating mode playback module.
Supervisory information system is provided with other system interface with other systems communicate data.
Fault diagnosis and optimal control system comprise equipment dependability and durability analysis module, optimize operation module, optimal control module, fault diagnosis module, accident prediction module and knowledge base reasoning module.
The present invention can well satisfy each grade thermal power generation unit demand both at home and abroad, domestic thermal power plant implements the back automatic technology and reaches advanced world standards, reduce domestic power plant automatic technology effectively to external dependence, estimate every year and can realize saving foreign exchange about 3,000,000 dollars.
Only at a power plant, aspect energy-saving and cost-reducing: optimize power plant's operation, can reduce about 5 grams of coal consumption, a tame power plant just can save production cost nearly 2,500,000 yuan in 1 year according to annual 1200000000 degree electricity, 350 yuan of/ton calculating of mark coal; Aspect the minimizing non-programmed halt: reduce the unplanned stoppage in transit number of times of power plant, a unit reduced unplanned stoppage in transit once in 1 year, can save production cost about 250,000 yuan in 1 year.
The present invention will promote the automatization level of thermal power plant's production and operational management after implementation in power plant; reduce the manual operation fault and shut down number of times, save the energy, reduce cost of electricity-generating; increase the income and the profit of electricity power enterprise, alleviate the nervous problem of China Power to a certain extent.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of thermal power plant's automatic control system based on artificial intelligence, it is characterized in that: it comprises scattered control system, virtual controlling analogue system, program control system, supervisory information system and fault diagnosis and optimal control system; The scattered control system that is arranged on each reference mark of unit is connected with program control system with the virtual controlling analogue system; The virtual controlling analogue system that various data are set by the user voluntarily according to the production emulation mode is connected with program control system with scattered control system; Program control system compares the operational factor of each unit that the scattered control system transmission comes with the desired value that is arranged in the database, and the operational factor of each unit revised, unit is moved under optimal parameter and working condition, give supervisory information system with data transfer simultaneously; Information monitoring system shows together and passes to fault diagnosis and optimal control system with various data and information integration; Fault diagnosis and optimal control system real-time monitoring equipment state in time carry out fault diagnosis and early warning.
2, the thermal power plant's automatic control system based on artificial intelligence according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described scattered control system comprises each reference mark that is arranged on main building and branch works, and the reference mark of main building comprises data acquisition (DAS), analog quantity control (MCS), sequential control (SCS), boiler furnace safeguard protection (FSSS), electric control system (ECS), steam turbine trip protection system (ETS) and steam turbine digital electric hydraulic regulating system (DEH); The reference mark of branch works comprises that flue gas desulfurization, water utilities are handled, lime-ash is handled, fails coal journey system and air-conditioning control.
3, the thermal power plant's automatic control system based on artificial intelligence according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described supervisory information system is provided with other system interface with other systems communicate data.
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| CN102122337B (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2013-10-16 | 北京广利核系统工程有限公司 | Method for playing back data of instrument-control simulation system of nuclear power station |
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| US5412756A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1995-05-02 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Artificial intelligence software shell for plant operation simulation |
| US5398304A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1995-03-14 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Control process for artificial intelligence software shell |
| CN1267796C (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2006-08-02 | 北京四方华能电网控制系统有限公司 | Electric automation system of power plant |
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