CN100414171C - Method for real time centralized controlling electric generating set based on SO2 discharging - Google Patents

Abstract

There is a centralized controllable method of electric generating set base on decreasing delivery capacity of SO2. Control center of the electric network uses energy management system (EMS) collect synchronously electrovalence parameter of the each electric generating set and energy consumption parameter and release parameter of the SO2. Also it carries through respectively identify, acknowledgement, storage, sorted and compositor, accordingly the wrought demand of the network load forms the enterable pole beacon of the every parameter corresponded to the engine set. The advance computer of the electrovalence and the dissipative energy process the advance calculation accordingly the enterable pole beacon, and export the enterable energy set date of the dissipative energy and the economic compensatory date of the dissipative energy metathesis. Thenceforth the date of the enterable engine set and date of the enterable engine set due to the permutable SO2 come into integrated analytic host computer and are compared, analyzed and the final operational generating set. Accord to this existence technique in that automatic general control, dynamo controller, and so on, the deferent control signal are actualized concentrative control to the generating set. This invention has this excellence in that ring protection, energy conservation, social benefit, remarkable economic benefit.

Description

Energy-conservation and the minimizing SO based on electrical network 2The generating set centralized Control method of discharging

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of control method of power generation, be specifically related to a kind of energy-conservation and reduce SO based on electrical network ₂The real-time centralized Control method of generating set of discharging.

Background technology

Modern power network is very huge, a wide and complicated system, and any local fault all might cause large-area power-cuts.Concern the bulky systems safety of entire society's happiness, stable and economical operation in order to keep such one, synchronous with the development of electrical network, hold in the control centre of electrical network and the factory station of each electricity power enterprise, made up corresponding information and control system.This system is called as " EMS (EMS) " at electrical network, grid control centre is exactly by this system management and is controlling the real-time balance of generating, transmission of electricity, distribution and the electricity consumption of whole power system.

In recent years, worldwide power system reform surges forward.The control centre of electrical network at home and abroad, traditional according to the generation schedule index, or the method for carrying out generating set operation control according to energy consumption index, change along with social economy's system, all changed into by " selling electricity price " (quotation) order from low to high of generating set electric power and controlled, just grid control centre is to be target to purchase electric cost minimum, and generating set is controlled.In order to adapt to the change of electric power system, many electrical networks are outside EMS, or on the basis of EMS, make up a technology support system (or claiming power grid operation control system) that adapts to the electricity market running separately, in order to handle generating set " the sell electric weight " work of price and corresponding control signal of (electricity volume), carry out the operation control of unit again according to the control instruction of power grid operation control system by EMS.

Therefore, on function, the relation of power grid operation control system and EMS is actually the relation on foreground and backstage: the power grid operation control system is handled the equilibrium of supply and demand relation that electric power is sent out needs both sides, and grid control centre then utilizes the quotation of each generating set that EMS determines according to the former and the real-time control that control signal is carried out system's generating.

Above-mentioned just reason, the grid control centre in the countries in the world of realizing market-oriented reform, without exception all be " sell electric weight " with generating set quotation as control variables, by EMS the generating set of electrical network is controlled in real time.In electricity power enterprise inside, also must utilize various technological means (wherein using maximum is system's Automatic Generation Control---factory's station terminal PLC device or the station AGC of factory of the AGC of main website) that each affiliated generating set is controlled, realize the most optimum distribution of resources of a separate unit unit or an electricity power enterprise, thereby seek the maximization of economic benefit.

In addition, no matter abroad at home the electrical network,, but still be that the fossil fuel of representative is as main energy sources under many circumstances with coal although the primary energy that generating set consumes is varied.Along with the electric power that human society consumes is more and more, coal for power generation also significantly increases.Coal-fired station is to the SO in the sky discharging flue gas ₂Pernicious gases such as (sulfur dioxide) also significantly increases thereupon, has had a strong impact on existent environment of people.Countries in the world are all at the SO that reduces by every means in the atmosphere ₂Total emission volumn.When people are increasing to the demand of electric power, need us to manage to reduce environmental pollution, concerning coal-fired station, to reduce SO as far as possible exactly ₂

With regard to single thermal power generation unit, because the fuel limit of design, under certain generating output situation, except the desulfurization facility is installed, with the SO of fume emission ₂Basically be uncontrollable.But, different generating sets, the kind of primary energy and the SO of unit ₂Emission performance is different, sometimes in addition difference very big.For example, single-machine capacity is the fired power generating unit of 600MW, exports the electric energy of 1 kilowatt hour and wants the quota of expenditure coal about 300 grams, and single-machine capacity is the fired power generating unit of 50MW, and the standard coal of every kilowatt hour consumption is more than 450 grams, that is to say, under the prerequisite of equal generated energy and equal ature of coal, the latter's SO ₂Discharging is bigger by 50% than the former; Same unit, the SO when full load and underload ₂Emission performance also differs greatly; Water power, wind-power electricity generation just do not have SO ₂Discharging.

Therefore, with the SO of the electrical network overall situation ₂Minimum emissions is a target, and the full electric network generating set is carried out optimizing control, has very real society, economic implications.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: solve existing grid control centre and control the power plant SO that generating set brings by the height or the generation schedule index of electric power quotation merely ₂Discharge technical problem out of control, and provide a kind of energy-conservation and reduce electrical network SO based on electrical network ₂The real-time centralized Control method of generating set of discharging.This energy consumption and SO according to unit ₂Emission performance carries out the real-time central controlled method of generating set, can reach and satisfy under the same power generation needs, to greatest extent the SO of energy savings and the coal-fired unit of minimizing ₂Discharge, alleviate the purpose of environmental protection pressure.

The technical solution used in the present invention is:

This energy-conservation and reduce SO based on electrical network ₂The real-time centralized Control method of generating set of discharging may further comprise the steps:

1) electric price parameter of each generating set electric weight of genco, energy consumption parameter, SO ₂The discharging parameter is by the internet, and telephone channel or wireless, carrier wave, microwave, communication network input to grid control centre;

2) after grid control centre receives above-mentioned information, at first discern, confirm, deposit raw data base in, again these initial data were classified according to processing, sort algorithm and cycle, ordering; Export electric price parameter sorting data from low to high, corresponding with unit, energy consumption parameter marshalling data and SO respectively ₂Discharging parameter marshalling data;

3) according to the workload demand of electrical network and follow and send out a principle that needs balance, grid control centre is according to the energy consumption parameter and the SO of each unit electric weight ₂Discharging parameter marshalling data are determined the unit of being shortlisted for respectively; Search one by one corresponding generating set according to the energy consumption parameter marshalling it is shortlisted for, when the generating set of being shortlisted for when accumulative total was exerted oneself and balanced each other with workload demand, the energy consumption parameter of that of a being shortlisted for unit formed energy consumption mark post line at last; According to SO ₂The discharging parameter marshalling searches one by one corresponding generating set is shortlisted for it, when the generating set of being shortlisted for when accumulative total is exerted oneself and is balanced each other with workload demand, and the SO of that of a being shortlisted for unit at last ₂The discharging parameter forms SO ₂Discharging mark post line; And energy consumption parameter and energy consumption mark post line compared the output energy consumption unit information of being shortlisted for; According to the network load demand, grid control centre is also exported the electricity price unit information of being shortlisted for, and unit information and the energy consumption preliminary election that unit information carries out electricity price one energy consumption of being shortlisted for of being shortlisted for is calculated to electricity price, the output energy consumption preliminary election operation unit data of being shortlisted for; And then be shortlisted for and the be shortlisted for energy consumption displacement economic compensation data of unit of energy consumption according to energy consumption mark post line output electricity price;

Above-mentioned energy consumption mark post line and SO ₂Discharging mark post line is in order intuitively to define, and so-called mark post line is exactly the horizontal abbreviation of mark post parameter.As can be seen from Figure 4, every parameter all fails to be shortlisted for greater than the unit of corresponding mark post line;

4) grid control centre energy consumption that output is calculated in the preliminary election preliminary election operation unit data of being shortlisted for are adjusted on the basis of economic technology comparison in good time, determine final operation unit; Perhaps be shortlisted for preliminary election operation unit data and SO of the preliminary election energy consumption of calculating output ₂Discharge the unit data of being shortlisted for and carry out electricity price, energy consumption, environmental protection analysis-by-synthesis, and on the basis of economic technology comparison, adjust in good time, determine final operation unit by grid control centre;

5) grid control centre adopts artificial direct control mode to implement control to generating set according to the final operation unit of determining; Perhaps grid control centre is according to the final operation unit of determining, automatic electricity generation control system output unit operation control signal by grid control centre, be connected to the automatic electricity generation control system of genco through the power grid control private data network, realize Automatic Generation Control unit.

The automatic electricity generation control system of genco connects, controls the controller of each generating set respectively, perhaps the output of the automatic electricity generation control system of grid control centre is connected directly to the controller of each generating set through the power grid control private data network, the data signal secondary distribution of generator set controller is given the digital-to-analogue conversion plate, and be converted to analog quantity by the digital-to-analogue conversion plate and deliver in the boiler-turbine coordinated system, realize Automatic Generation Control to unit.

In the technique scheme, energy consumption parameter, the SO of each generating set electric weight of genco ₂The discharging parameter is decided by the physicochemical property of fuel and technical performance, running environment and the operating mode of unit, measures by chemical examination, monitoring and experiment.Energy consumption displacement economic compensation data are opened, are stopped and corresponding Fuel Consumption calculates according to unit.

The EMS of grid control centre (EMS), grid control centre AGC main website, factory station AGC, the PLC of power plant, boiler-turbine coordinated system (DCS) and related communication, control network all can adopt prior art.

Technique effect of the present invention is: grid control centre is according to the required electric weight of electrical network and electric price parameter, energy consumption parameter and the SO of generating set unit quantity of electricity ₂Discharging parameter size is selected suitable generating set generating, has solved in the existing electrical network and has only controlled generating set according to the height or the generation schedule index of the quotation of unit electric weight, causes SO ₂Discharge problem out of control.The inventive method energy savings and control to greatest extent, the total SO of minimizing electrical network ₂Discharging alleviates environmental protection pressure, and society, economic benefit is very remarkable, is the important technology of power system energy-saving and environmental protection and sustainable development.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1, prior art power grid operation and control system structural representation.

Fig. 2, prior art grid control centre EMS (EMS) structural representation.

The schematic flow sheet of Fig. 3, each related system of the inventive method and control procedure.

Fig. 4, press the SO of unit for the present invention ₂Discharging, energy consumption parameter and the electric price parameter ordering and the situation embodiment schematic diagram of being shortlisted for.

Specific embodiments

The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:

Fig. 1 has indicated prior art power grid operation and each main modular of control system and logical relation in the power grid operation system and effect, has also indicated the information flow relation of this system and electricity power enterprise.

Fig. 2 has indicated the main modular and the correlation of prior art grid control centre EMS (EMS).

EMS (EMS-Energy Management System) is used and electric power advanced applied software etc. is formed substantially by hardware platform, operating system platform, support platform, power system.These platforms can provide a Distributed Application exploitation and running environment for whole system, as an efficient sane middleware between application system and bottom hardware system, the operating system, effectively upper layer application and first floor system are kept apart, be based upon different Computer Architectures and the exploitation of this Distributed Application on the operating system and running environment simultaneously and provide the environment of a kind of development platform and operation, for the stability and high efficiency of system provides reliable guarantee and establish a firm foundation for the design and running of upper layer application.

Distributed Application exploitation and running environment provide virtual, unified, extendible, as a to distribute development platform for upper layer application, and its feasible only triangular web able to programme changed the able to programme of multiple systems into.Along with the appearance of open platform, the exploitation of EMS application software can be broken away from the passive situation of " first platform, back exploitation ", and as independently software industry appearance.For upper layer application, Application and Development only relies on a series of DLL and the service that Distributed Application is developed and running environment is provided.The exploitation system of this layering tries hard to improve the efficient and the speed of application and development, has increased the open and maintainable of the uniformity of application code and analyticity and application.

In the method, grid control centre is rely the unit that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems realize is concentrated, controlled related subsystem in real time and have:

SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) is the data acquisition and monitoring system, it is the basic module of EMS, mainly finish collection, the processing of data and explain, store and show, and these real time information are passed to other application module.In the method, the SCADA system need set up each unit energy consumption parameter, SO on original basis of only collecting, storing unit electricity price data ₂Discharge the database of parameter, and finish processing explanation, storage and the demonstration of corresponding these data, and these real time information are passed to other application module.

Automatic electricity generation control system AGC (Automatic Generation Control) is included in RTGEN (generating in real time) application of EMS system as the Core Feature of EMS.Different with early stage EMS, the existing open EMS AGC of grid control centre, generally all adopt terminal graphic user interface (GUI) technology, make many functions of power grid control to finish based on figure, thus more directly perceived, convenient.Generally, the operations staff of grid control centre only need import or revise the state of a control or the data of relevant unit on man-machine interface, and, just can realize the control target of appointment through being the processing of the application software that realizes the special exploitation of these functions among the AGC.

In AGC, the main modular relevant with realizing this method is base value power tracking module wherein, this module functions is according to the generating requirement, provide the power base value to each the power plant controller under its control, just the power grid control personnel only need insert the control target (power base value and pattern thereof) of each unit on the working interface of AGC.The power base value has four kinds of patterns: the electrical network economy control mode (Economic Dispatch, ED), plan setting means (BL), economy exert oneself mean value mode (AV) and manually input mode (BP) can be used for realizing this method desired control target.The ED mode is that the control personnel import an economical operation program to AGC, is exerted oneself by the economy of program setting relevant generator group, and then provides the control power base value of each unit, i.e. a reference value automatically; The BL mode is that what to show that unit sets is that a plan (being scheduled to) is exerted oneself; The AV mode is that to show base value that unit sets be the economy mean value of exerting oneself, just by the percentage mean allocation that participates in the controller pool-size; The BP mode is meant by the power grid control personnel and manually sets.Aforesaid way all can be realized the present invention.But, the most directly perceived with BP (manually) and BL (plan) mode obviously.

Inseparable with the AGC of main website (being the automatic electricity generation control system of grid control centre) is the unit adjustment module, and this module functions is that the current adjusted value of exerting oneself is distributed to power plant's controller (PLC) that each is subjected to the AGC of main website control.

The interface of PLC and electric loop, (I/O) finishes by input.The I/O module the is integrated I/O circuit of PLC, its input buffer reflected input signal state, output point reflection output latch state.Input module becomes data signal to enter the PLC system converting electrical signal, and output module is opposite.I/O is divided into digital quantity input (DI), digital quantity output (DO), analog quantity input (AI), analog quantity output modules such as (AO).

PLC has the function of communication networking, and it makes between PLC and the PLC, can exchange message between PLC and host computer and other smart machines, forms a unified integral body, realization dispersion centralized Control.Most PLC have RS-232 interface, also have some to be built-in with and support the interface of communication protocol separately.Main now employing of the communication of PLC networked by data communication, PROFIBUS or the EPA of multipoint interface (MPI).

The inner workings of AGC

Grid control centre is realized AGC control to power plant, promptly require power plant to regulate when exerting oneself, grid control centre issues the remote regulating order of AGC input and gives monitoring system information processing and communicator, after monitoring system information processing and communicator are received this remote regulating order, carry out order character and object and confirm, and the signal of carrying out is returned higher level AGC.After grid control centre is received the information of returning, issue AGC remote regulating order again.Its main process is (realizing that with the D20/D200 series remote terminal unit product that uses the U.S. GE Harris energy source control system responsibility Co., Ltd AGC of 600MW unit is controlled to be example):

(1) information processing and communicator D200 host CPU plate are received the order that remote regulating is carried out earlier, pass through the stipulations information processing then, and concrete AGC regulating command (numerical value) is sent to the cpu motherboard of D20C plate, specifically carry out this order by the D20C plate.

(2) the D20C plate code value that becomes the corresponding 0-100% of 600MW unit to exert oneself and convert to the AGC command conversion of receiving, 4-20mA are changed and are promptly converted 6553-32767 (D20C plate AO output resolution ratio is 12+1 bit sign position) to and issue remote regulating to D20 AGC control output board.

(3) the boiler-turbine coordinated system (DCS) that exports unit with the DC analogue quantity of 4-20mA to is exported in D20 AGC control, and the main inlet throttle-stop valve of control steam turbine, the oil supply (coal dust) of coordination linkage boiler are exerted oneself with regulator generator.

(4) GR90 AGC control output board can connect 8 road bipolar voltages/monopolar current remote regulating output; Situation foldback after D20 AGC control tablet is regulated AGC is given power plant and grid control centre system, so that the output state of monitoring D20 AGC module

The AGC control mode

The AGC system possesses three kinds of control modes, and working method is as follows:

(1) control mode one (directly remote control mode):

Grid control centre is assigned unit power output definite value AGC order, after information processing and communicator D200 receive the AGC order, by the boiler-turbine coordinated system (DCS) of the control of the D20 AGC in D20C compoboard output/output board output DC simulation signal to unit, thereby realization is to the control of exerting oneself of unit.

(2) control mode two (local automated manner one):

Grid control centre is assigned power plant's gross capability definite value, and computer monitoring SCADA system of power plant reallocates to unit load according to the actual operating mode of each unit after receiving grid control centre AGC order.By the AGC order it is transmitted to information processing and communicator D200 then, by the boiler-turbine coordinated system of the control of the D20 AGC in D20C compoboard output/output board output DC simulation signal to each unit, thereby realization is to the control of exerting oneself of each unit.

(3) control mode three (local automated manner two):

Grid control centre is assigned power plant's generation schedule curve (automatic or manual input), after computer monitoring SCADA system of power plant receives curve, carries out treatment conversion according to the actual operating mode of each unit and is each generating set setting value of exerting oneself.And give information processing and communicator D200 by AGC order with it, by the boiler-turbine coordinated system (DCS) of the control of the D20 AGC in D20C compoboard output/output board output DC simulation signal to each unit, thereby realize each unit output is controlled automatically the plan curve that unit output sum and grid control centre are assigned match (tracking generation schedule curve function)

The reception of AGC order

According to above-mentioned three kinds of control modes, it is as follows respectively to receive the AGC order:

(1) information processing and communicator D200 receive the unit power output definite value AGC order that grid control centre is assigned, by the boiler-turbine coordinated system (DCS) of the control of the D20 AGC in D20C compoboard output/output board output DC simulation signal to unit;

(2) full factory gross capability definite value is assigned according to grid control centre by the SCADA system, require by artificial full factory of input of man-machine conversation mode or unit generating definite value, give information processing and communicator D200 with the AGC order again, by the boiler-turbine coordinated system (DCS) of the control of the D20 AGC in D20C compoboard output/output board output DC simulation signal to unit;

(3) the full factory generating curve assigned of grid control centre, give SCADA system, by the SCADA system AGC order is transmitted to information processing and communicator D200, by the D20 AGC in D20C compoboard control output/output board, the DC simulation signal that data signal is converted to 4-20mA exports the boiler-turbine coordinated system (DCS) of unit to.

In sum, the EMS system of modern power network control centre is making full use of on the basis of computer technology, the power grid control technology has realized intelligent, integrated, complicated system's control operation, only need to carry out simple human-computer dialogue and just can realize, do not need operation, control personnel to programme or real-time operation in the relevant man-machine interface of EMS!

Therefore, utilize existing power grid operation control system and EMS (EMS) platform,, on engineering, have the current conditions that when the water comes, a channel is formed according to the real-time centralized Control of this method enforcement to generating set by grid control centre.

Fig. 3 has indicated the flow process of each related system of the inventive method and control procedure in detail, indicated the overall process that collection, processing, output and the control of initial data, information are implemented, showed the technical scheme overall logic relation of this method, will in embodiment, elaborate.

Fig. 4 has indicated the SO by each unit ₂The situation of discharging, energy consumption and electric price parameter ordering has also indicated the corresponding control output and the situation of being shortlisted for controlled by different control variables, and has also indicated low energy consumption of the present invention and low SO simultaneously ₂The discharging unit is to high energy consumption, high SO ₂The displacement effect of discharging unit.

For the concrete implementation step of this method is described, might as well do following simplification and hypothesis with regard to certain time period (as one hour) in the electrical network: 1, the whole generating set capacities of electrical network are all identical; 2, do not consider grid loss and network congestion, do not consider frequency modulation, pressure regulation yet; 3, the whole units of electrical network are made as 6, and wherein the market equilibrium of this period is just just satisfied in 4 operations; 4, establishing No. 4 units is Hydropower Unit, not discharges SO ₂, i.e. its SO ₂The discharging parameter is 0; 5, do not consider interconnected with external electrical network.

With reference to Fig. 3, the implementation step of this method is:

1) electric price parameter of each generating set electric weight of genco, energy consumption parameter, SO ₂The discharging parameter is by the internet, and telephone channel or wireless, carrier wave, microwave, communication network input to the EMS (EMS) of grid control centre;

The EMS of modern power network control centre (EMS)/SCADA (data acquisition and monitoring system) carries out the dedicated system that above-mentioned data are collected, handled, and will store and handle these data with database technology in SCADA.

Grid control centre is by collecting quotation, energy consumption parameter and the SO of each unit based on the data transmission network of internet or telephone channel, wireless, carrier wave, microwave, communication network ₂The discharging parameter.Under the situation small at electrical network, that unit quantity few, control cycle is long, grid control centre is to quotation, energy consumption parameter and SO ₂The storage of discharging parameter can be adopted the simplest mode with handling, and promptly utilizes the correlation function of Excel table and calling excel just can be to quotation, energy consumption and SO ₂The processing of storing, retrieve and sort of discharging parameter.

On science and engineering, the essence of generating set is a kind of power conversion machinery of obeying the law of electromagnetic induction and law of conservation of energy, it can only be the chemical energy in the fuel heat energy by device translates such as boilers, and be medium with water, water vapour etc., is mechanical energy by equipment such as steam turbines with thermal power transfer, by generator mechanical energy finally is converted to electric energy.As everyone knows, in power generation process, chemical energy (as coal, wet goods), potential energy (as waterpower, wind-force etc.), radiant (nuclear energy) etc. are called as primary energy; Electric energy is called as secondary energy sources.Generating set is carrying out once in the process of the conversion of secondary energy sources, reason that technical performance difference, the running environment that causes because of difference such as the manufacturing material of the primary energy difference used, unit, technology, employing parameters is different with operating mode or the like makes energy consumption and SO between the unit ₂The difference of discharging is very big.Energy consumption parameter and SO ₂The discharging parameter is exactly that above-mentioned all multifactor concentrated reflections and quantity are described, and is the critical technical parameter of realizing the described control target of this method.

The energy consumption of generating set and SO ₂The discharging parameter must mode by experiment measure, and in conjunction with the ruuning situation Continuous Tracking.Electricity power enterprise is in conjunction with unit maintenance, carries out energy consumption and SO under the different operating conditions by the electric power experiment mechanism of specialty, environment monitoring mechanism etc. ₂The discharging parameter is tested, is measured, and is the important technology element task of power industry.

In practice, because energy consumption parameter and SO ₂The discharging parameter depends on the grade of fuel, and the grade of fuel depend on to a great extent the place of production with to the fuel of factory batch, therefore, all there is the chemical examination mechanism of specialty in electricity power enterprise, the personnel and the facility of specialty be equipped with, each batch is transported to the fuel of factory,, the sample of gathering carried out the detection of chemical elements such as caloric value, moisture, ash content, volatile matter and sulfur-bearing, iron according to the on-the-spot rules of fire coal sampling.Because it is the energy consumption parameter in this method is used to the centralized Control variable of full electric network, therefore, in concrete operations, different with the fuel mass chemical examination of single power plant.The key points for operation that note have: one, raw coal sampling is with different to the sampling of factory's quality inspection, and the raw coal sampling of this method must be from the raw coal before the coal pulverizer run coal bin, thereby the raw coal that guarantees sample examination is with to go into the stove coal consistent; Two, the raw coal that enters run coal bin will measure through the electronic scale of coal conveyer belt; Three, corresponding electric quantity metering point should be located at the metering critical point of electricity volume, should not be located at the outlet of generator, that is to say and should adopt and the corresponding energy consumption parameter of electricity volume; Four, as grid control centre should unify, the energy consumption parameter acquisition program of standard full electric network, to guarantee the comparativity of this group control variables.

Flue gas for every unit detects, and generally is the chemical examination mechanism by power plant, and according to the regular sample examination of operational procedure, the content of the carbon in the quantitative analysis flying dust is to analyze the efficiency of combustion of boiler; Detect the floating thing in the flue gas, to analyze the operation conditions of dust removal installation; SO in the chemical examination flue gas ₂Etc. harmful substance, with the operational efficiency of check desulfurizer.

These detect, and as the routine work that electricity power enterprise can not lack, technically, environmental protection mechanism, electricity power enterprise and provincial electric power experiment mechanism can be competent at.Especially SO ₂The discharging parameter, along with the development of society, people are to the approval of friendly society of built environment and development Green GDP, and environmental protection institutions at different levels have all strengthened detection, monitoring dynamics and strength to the fume emission of electricity power enterprise.SO is determined, detected to much commercial " flue gas discharge continuous monitoring system " for science especially ₂The discharging parameter provides technological means.This monitoring system adopts directly real-time metering system, not only can carry out throughout the year monitoring automatically continuously to gaseous state stationary source discharge capacity, can also be to carrying out closed-loop control in production process and the combustion process, to reduce the discharging of dusty gas, be the key equipment that environmental supervision and improvement are estimated.

This system is applicable to the monitoring of the continuous discharge amount of exhaust gas of coal-burning boiler, continuously on-line monitoring dust concentration, sulfur dioxide concentration, oxygen concentration, flue-gas temperature, flue gas pressures, flue gas flow rate.Its center-controlling computer can be handled measured data and store, and can be connected with the computer of relevant departments by network, thereby makes it can call Monitoring Data easily and efficiently.The same with the energy consumption parameter, unit SO ₂The detection of discharging parameter also must be noted that unification, the standard of full electric network.

Utilize prior art to energy consumption parameter and SO ₂The discharging parameter is carried out one-time detection every one hour or a few hours, and by the IT technology these parameters is issued our factory, grid control centre and environmental protection institution and be not only very necessaryly, also is feasible technically.It is reported that above-mentioned facility has all been equipped by a lot of large-scale electricity power enterprises, just since grid control centre now be with purchase the electricity charge with minimum serve as to control target, the energy consumption parameter and the SO of each electricity power enterprise ₂The discharging parameter does not send to grid control centre by the automatic technology platform!

The electricity price that indicates among the figure, energy consumption and SO ₂The discharging parameter the ordering cycle be respectively T1, T2 and T3, be meant the three sampling, the ordering can independently carry out.During conditions permit, the cycle of sampling, ordering can lack as far as possible; When correlative factor does not change or changes when little, relevant parameter just need not frequently to refresh.

Note the aforesaid operations main points, just can ensure full electric network energy consumption parameter and SO ₂Standard, the science of discharging parameter.

2) after the data acquisition and monitoring system (SCADA) of the EMS of grid control centre (EMS) receives above-mentioned data, at first these data are discerned, confirm, deposit in raw data base, and the reduction of will offering is " electric price parameter ", processing, sort algorithm and the cycle of determining according to man-machine interface classifies again, ordering; Export electric price parameter sorting data from low to high, corresponding with unit, energy consumption parameter marshalling data and SO respectively ₂The discharging sorting data;

Electric energy is transported to certain stipulated place of electrical network from unit, via net loss (line loss) must take place, because each unit position difference in electrical network, the electrical distance that electric weight is transported to stipulated place is had nothing in common with each other, therefore, the network losses coefficient of each unit electric weight also just must be different.This loss coefficient is objectively responding of geography (electric) position of each power plant in electrical network, and it obeys " Ohm's law ", is commonly referred to " line loss coefficient " in power industry." line loss coefficient " reflected the electrical characteristic of topological structure of electric, is the basic technology data of operation of power networks, by SCADA (data acquisition and monitoring system) generation, storage and the management of grid control centre.When the topological structure of electrical network was constant, " line loss coefficient " can not change yet.

With the quotation of each unit, be converted to electric price parameter according to each self-corresponding " line loss coefficient ", that is to say, same electrical distance is arrived in " selling electricity price " basis " Ohm's law " reduction that each unit is declared.Its algorithm is:

" quotation " multiply by (1+ " line loss coefficient ")

In the SCADA of grid control centre (data acquisition and monitoring system), utilize above-mentioned algorithm, form electric price parameter according to unit " quotation " and corresponding " line loss coefficient " thereof.

Grid control centre is with electric price parameter, the SO of each unit electric weight ₂Discharging parameter and energy consumption parameter are searched for respectively, are stored, and utilize sort algorithm to focus on the back and according to each parameter order from small to large unit are sorted respectively.The machine group # of each parameter correspondence is indicated in the abscissa below with Arabic numerals, as shown in Figure 4.

Obviously, according to electric price parameter, SO ₂These three groups different control variables of discharging parameter and energy consumption parameter are implemented control; to three kinds of different control results appear: according to workload demand; when in 6 units when as long as 4 units just can realize sending out the need balance; if according to the electric price parameter centralized Control of generating electricity in real time, No. 4 machines and No. 5 machines that electric price parameter is the highest will be controlled in stopped status merely.The cost of the electric power that grid control centre is purchased looks like minimum (the existing control method in China and countries in the world is exactly like this) at this time! , under this control mode, No. 1 machine and No. 6 machines that energy consumption is the highest but must operations.Therefore, the result of obvious this control mode could not be that the whole network is most economical, is not that energy consumption is minimum at least! In addition, from figure, can also find, under this control mode, because SO ₂Discharge being shortlisted for of No. 1 the highest machine and No. 2 machines, the still not environmental protection of this control mode! Yet, to control if from the target of environmental protection unit is generated electricity to surf the Net merely, No. 1 machine and No. 2 machines will be controlled in stopped status: for satisfying need for electricity, must leave No. 4 machines and No. 5 machines, its result purchases electric cost and can therefore significantly improve again; Because No. 2 machines are controlled in stopped status, No. 6 machine but must move, and energy consumption will become maximum! Fig. 4 has showed the above-mentioned technical barrier that modern power network control centre is faced intuitively!

Following mask body is introduced the process that this method solves this technical barrier.

3) at grid control centre, by energy management system according to the workload demand of electrical network and follow and send out a principle that needs balance, according to electric price parameter, the SO of each unit electric weight ₂The unit of being shortlisted for is determined in the ordering of discharging parameter and energy consumption parameter respectively; Search one by one corresponding generating set according to electric price parameter ordering it is shortlisted for, when the generating set of being shortlisted for when accumulative total was exerted oneself and balanced each other with workload demand, the electric price parameter of that of a being shortlisted for unit formed electricity price mark post line at last; Search one by one corresponding generating set according to the energy consumption parameter marshalling it is shortlisted for, when the generating set of being shortlisted for when accumulative total was exerted oneself and balanced each other with workload demand, the energy consumption parameter of that of a being shortlisted for unit formed energy consumption mark post line at last; According to SO ₂The discharging parameter marshalling searches one by one corresponding generating set is shortlisted for it, when the generating set of being shortlisted for when accumulative total is exerted oneself and is balanced each other with workload demand, and the SO of that of a being shortlisted for unit at last ₂The discharging parameter forms SO ₂Discharging mark post line; Wherein electricity price sorting data and energy consumption sorting data respectively with electricity price mark post line, energy consumption mark post line carries out data relatively, exports electricity price unit information and the energy consumption unit information of being shortlisted for of being shortlisted for respectively; These two information are carried out the preliminary election of electricity price-energy consumption and calculate, the output energy consumption preliminary election operation unit data of being shortlisted for, and then be shortlisted for and the be shortlisted for energy consumption displacement economic compensation data of unit of energy consumption according to energy consumption mark post line output electricity price;

Above-mentioned electricity price mark post line, energy consumption mark post line and SO ₂Discharging mark post line is in order intuitively to define, and so-called mark post line is exactly the horizontal abbreviation of mark post parameter.As can be seen from Figure 4, every parameter all fails to be shortlisted for greater than the unit of corresponding mark post line; When grid control centre determines that according to generation schedule electricity price is shortlisted for unit information, need not to define electricity price mark post line.

Follow this law of nature of the conservation of energy according to the energy consumption parameter, and SO ₂The discharging parameter has reflected the chemical composition of fuel and the objective fact of generator set desulfurization effect, utilizes energy consumption mark post line and electricity price mark post line to determine finally to be shortlisted for unit as can be seen, is the effective way that solves an above-mentioned electrical network unit control technology difficult problem.

Fig. 4 has very indicated the control target and the final control result of unit lucidly, according to unit SO ₂Definite corresponding income of each unit and the energy consumption quantity situation of finally being shortlisted for of discharging parameter, directly perceived and distinct, control target and control result's corresponding relation is very clear and definite.

4) grid control centre is adjusted on the basis of economic technology comparison the energy consumption of the preliminary election computer output operation unit data of being shortlisted in good time, determines final operation unit; Perhaps be shortlisted for preliminary election operation unit data and SO of the preliminary election energy consumption of calculating output ₂Discharge the unit data of being shortlisted for and carry out electricity price, energy consumption, environmental protection analysis-by-synthesis, and on the basis of economic technology comparison, adjust in good time, determine final operation unit by grid control centre;

The working interface of grid control centre by " electricity price, energy consumption, environmental protection analysis-by-synthesis main frame " realized the man-machine conversation, according to different control targets (total SO of for example minimum with the total expenditure expense total energy consumption minimum or electrical network of buying electric power or electrical network ₂Minimum emissions is selected suitable compromise index after the perhaps comprehensive index of correlation) determine the final control instruction of each unit.

Adjust on the basis of economic technology comparison by man-machine interaction interface, when being meant some, owing to excessive startup or stoppage in transit economic cost can occur in the process of the startup of certain unit or stoppage in transit, though perhaps SO in good time ₂Discharging descends to some extent, but economy of paying or energy consumption are too big, at this moment may need the control personnel to carry out suitable manual intervention or in good time artificial adjustment.

5) grid control centre adopts artificial direct control mode to implement control to generating set according to the final operation unit of determining; Perhaps grid control centre is according to the final operation unit of determining, automatic electricity generation control system output unit operation control signal by grid control centre, be connected to the automatic electricity generation control system of genco through the power grid control private data network, the automatic electricity generation control system of genco connects respectively, control the controller of each generating set, perhaps the output of the automatic electricity generation control system of grid control centre is connected directly to the controller of each generating set through the power grid control private data network, the data signal secondary distribution of generator set controller is given the digital-to-analogue conversion plate, and be converted to analog quantity by the digital-to-analogue conversion plate and deliver in the boiler-turbine coordinated system, realize Automatic Generation Control to unit.

Power system is a comprehensive big industrial network system, and grid control centre is the mechanism that implements to generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems unit control, and grid control centre can utilize manually or existing accordingly automation means are implemented real-time centralized Control to generating set.

Grid control centre is respectively organized on the basis of parameter at above-mentioned unit, according to each group parameter order from small to large unit is carried out corresponding ordering, form the unit generation sequence that conforms to the control target, then according to the electric load real-time requirement of electrical network, insert the running status instruction of each unit to AGC, by AGC and the station terminal PLC of factory (power plant's controller) thereof each unit of electrical network is realized distant place control, thereby guarantee the generating sequence operation that whole units are determined according to grid control centre, realize that sending out of electrical network needs balance.Because this method is the total SO with electrical network ₂Minimum emissions is the control target, therefore, and according to total energy consumption and total SO ₂The science attribute of quantitative relation between the discharging, this method have adopted with the total energy consumption of electrical network minimum as seeking total SO ₂The basic link of minimum emissions.

Fig. 3 has indicated AGC main website and the interaction relation of the station terminal PLC of its factory (power plant's controller) and the transmission relation of control information thereof of grid control centre.

The EMS system of modern power network control centre is making full use of on the basis of computer technology, the power grid control technology has realized intelligent, integrated, complicated system's control operation, only need to carry out simple human-computer dialogue and just can realize, do not need operation, control personnel to programme or real-time operation in the relevant man-machine interface of EMS!

Therefore, utilize existing power grid operation control system and EMS platform by grid control centre, according to the real-time centralized Control of this method enforcement to generating set, the control instruction input EMS that only needs to be correlated with just can, real-time centralized Control is carried out in difference ordering according to unit, has the current conditions that when the water comes, a channel is formed on engineering.

Embodiment:

Illustrate the practical application of this method below with a small grids, and the energy-saving benefit that brings to electrical network and reduce SO ₂The effect of discharging.

In order to simplify the declarative procedure of example, establish this autonomous system and have only 6 units, be respectively machine 1,2,3,4,5, No. 6.Unit capacity is 300,000 kilowatt (300MW), and the investigation time period was made as one hour.The electric weight of this time period when kilowatt of quotation of unit (unit /), energy consumption (coal/ kilowatt of during gram standard, during) and discharge and (gram/ kilowatt of restrain SO hereinafter to be referred as₂During/ kilowatt, gram/ kilowatt of during hereinafter to be referred as) as table one.Network load and the relevant parameter of supposing this period all remain unchanged, and only need just satisfied the sending out of 4 unit oeprations at full load to need balance, and the loss of not considering electrical network is (when " line loss coefficient " is zero, quotation and electric price parameter numerically equal) and network congestion, and get 500 yuan of/ton reduction coefficients as energy consumption parameter and electric price parameter.

Carry out following analysis according to this:

Table 1: each parameter that the unit related data that sends by network according to the power plant forms

Unit	Capacity (ten thousand kilowatt)	When kilowatt of Electricity price (unit /)	Energy consumption (during gram/ kilowatt)	SO 2Discharging (during gram/ kilowatt)
					1	30	0.30	400	7.8
2	30	0.31	310	8.2
					3	30	0.32	350	7.0
4	30	0.33	200	0
					5	30	0.34	280	5.6
6	30	0.28	440	7.0

The initial data of electricity power enterprise can be by electrical network dedicated network such as wired or microwave, carrier wave or public correspondence facility send grid control centre to.For example, grid control centre is accepted above-mentioned data in artificial mode, and adopts that the excel spreadsheet lattice write down, deposit, retrieval, reduction, handles these data and form parameter.

For example, under, the situation of having plenty of time few, just can utilize that Excel table among the office of personal computer is realized offering in unit quantity, energy consumption parameter and SO ₂Collection, storage, processing and the ordering of discharging parameter: open the Excel program, set up a Excel table, set up filename, the time order and function order of reporting and submitting data according to unit might as well vertically be arranged unit the machine group #.Horizontal like this one classifies numbering, second as classifies unit title (containing information such as numbering in genco, power plant, the factory), the 3rd as and classifies quotation, the 4th as and classify energy consumption parameter, the 5th as and classify SO as ₂The discharging parameter, the 6th classifies unit output or the like as.Each data of all units are collected and are recorded in successively in this table.When needs sort to unit by certain parameter, only need to click earlier row at this parameter place with mouse, the ascending order (or descending) in selecting choices from menus is then also clicked, and has just finished by the operation of determined parameter to the unit ordering.Successively different parameters is repeated the aforesaid operations process, just can finish under the different control variables, the search of unit operation order, and form respective record.After having determined the total workload demand prediction data of certain period electrical network, according to the ordering of the unit under the above-mentioned different parameters, just be easy to determine this parameter mark post line, and the unit of being shortlisted under each parameter.What should propose is that " quotation " basis " line loss coefficient " reduction of unit being sold electric weight has just formed " electric price parameter ", sets up a hurdle and just can finish this process in above-mentioned Excel table!

According to the calculation of parameter of table 1 generated energy hourly, related resource expends and discharge, as table 2.

Table 2: according to unit electric price parameter, energy consumption and SO ₂Per hour expending of discharging calculation of parameter

Unit	Generated energy (thousand kilowatt of during ten)	Defrayment (unit/time)	Energy consumption (ton/time)	Energy consumption cost (unit/time)	SO 2Discharging (ton/time)
						1	30	90000	120	60000	2.34
2	30	93000	93	46500	2.46
						3	30	96000	105	52500	2.1
4	30	99000	60	30000	0
						5	30	102000	84	42000	1.68
6	30	84000	132	66000	2.1

Be noted that the table data have reality, typical meaning, represent Hydropower Unit as No. 4 machines, its coal consumption is the data (actual data change can not influence the qualitative meaning of this example) of converting according to regimen at that time, is understood that its SO ₂Discharging is 0; Energy consumption difference between other unit is because of different results such as the manufacturing characteristic of unit or use material, SO ₂Whether the difference of discharging is how many differences of element sulphur content of coal (fuel), and used the desulfurization facility to be caused.

General power plant all is related data to be reported and submitted to grid control centre before one day in operation, the argument sequence that forms is respectively from low to high classified, puts in order, calculates with data by control centre by this method, with this example, because have only 6 units, adopt total man worker's mode to handle, the operations staff of general intermediate technology just is enough to competent determined control target (referring to Fig. 4).

For example, in above-mentioned Excel table, choose electric price parameter earlier, click " ascending sort " in the menu again, just formed by electric price parameter unit sequence from small to large.Successively to electric price parameter, energy consumption parameter and SO ₂The data of discharging parameter three classifications are searched for, behind the classification and ordination, form three groups of control argument sequences from small to large.Electric price parameter sequence: 6-1-2-3-4-5 machine; Energy consumption argument sequence: 4-5-2-3-1-6 machine; SO ₂Discharging argument sequence: 4-5-3-6-1-2 machine (referring to Fig. 4).

Clearly, according to electric price parameter sequence from low to high, according to sending out the requirement that needs balance, when only needing 4 machine operations, definite unit of being shortlisted for is 6,1,2 and No. 3 machines; Yet, under square one, its SO of unit that energy consumption is high ₂Discharging must be high, and this is the rule of the chemical property decision of fuel.According to this rule, for reducing actual SO ₂Discharging, should be from the energy consumption sequence unit of being shortlisted for of preliminary election actual motion unit.Through manual search, selection, the actual motion unit result that primary election is shortlisted for is: 4,5,2,3 four units (referring to Fig. 4).

In the process of electricity price-energy consumption preliminary election, system determines that according to energy consumption mark post line electricity price is shortlisted for and the energy consumption unit of being shortlisted for, and generate energy consumption displacement economic compensation data in view of the above, this is because when certain unit finally fails to be shortlisted for generating, it does not have primary energy consumption, and needs to consume primary energy when its unit of displacement participates in actual motion.Therefore, relatively by electric price parameter determine to be shortlisted for unit and according to energy consumption parameter determine the to be shortlisted for real revenue of each unit under two kinds of situations of unit, can find intuitively, determine the actual motion unit by the energy consumption sequence, owing to saved fuel, reduced the material consumption of generating, the real revenue of each generating set is all more than or equal to the situation (referring to Fig. 4) of the unit of determining by electric price parameter to be shortlisted for.

For example, in the present embodiment, if be control variables with the electric price parameter, No. 3 machines are the mark post unit, and electric price parameter can not be shortlisted for greater than No. 4 machines and No. 5 machines of this unit; But as if being control variables with the energy consumption parameter, No. 3 machines are the mark post unit, and the energy consumption parameter can not be shortlisted for greater than No. 1 machine and No. 6 machines of this unit; If with SO ₂The discharging parameter is a control variables, and No. 6 machines are the mark post unit, SO ₂The discharging parameter is greater than No. 1 machine of this unit and No. 2 machines can not be shortlisted for (referring to Fig. 4).The displacement relation of investigating between the unit can be found: be that 2, No. 3 machine all can be shortlisted in two groups of unit queues of control variables with price parameter and energy consumption parameter, these two units do not occur replacing and the situation of being replaced; If be the control target, just must replace No. 6 machines and No. 1 machine with No. 4 machines and No. 5 machines, the problem that this has just had displacement and quilt to be replaced with energy-conservation.Just must consume primary energy according to unit generation operation, otherwise the law of nature that does not just have primary energy to wear and tear disappears to rise and carries out economic compensation with the primary energy of being replaced unit to displacement.Be not difficult to find, primary energy consumption does not just take place from electricity price mid-No. 6 machines and No. 1 machine that goes out (being substituted) of sequence of being shortlisted for, and concerning No. 4 machines of inserting and No. 5 machines, the primary energy consumption that its actual power needs is starkly lower than the primary energy consumption as No. 3 machines of energy consumption mark post.In addition, No. 6 machines and No. 1 machine are put out, and wherein the Yin Han fact is the energy parameter that the energy consumption parameter of these two units is higher than No. 3 machines (energy consumption mark post), Here it is energy-saving principle of the present invention (referring to Fig. 4).Above-mentioned way of example shows, according to displacement, the control problem of different control variables to unit, just become only need pay close attention to its whether participate in final operation and corresponding primary energy disappear deposit, compensation problem.

Will be by the primary election of energy consumption parameter the be shortlisted for sequence (4-5-2-3-1-6 machine) and the SO of unit ₂Discharging argument sequence (4-5-3-6-1-2 machine) is compared, and in 4 units that actual needs is shortlisted for, existing three units of 4,5 and No. 3 machines have satisfied SO ₂Discharge minimum requirement, if merely with SO ₂Minimum emissions is as the control target, and the operation unit of finally being shortlisted for is the 4-5-3-6 machine, can realize the total SO of electrical network really ₂The control target that discharging is minimum.

Yet in actual motion, sometimes according to energy consumption and SO ₂Concrete society, the economic benefit of discharging are carried out quantitative comprehensive comparison, determine concrete control target and control corresponding behavior on this basis again.For example, in this example,, 1 (or 2) number unit can be put into operation, correspondingly No. 6 units be stopped if consider morely from the angle of reimbursement of expense (or energy-conservation).This fact shows that this method is the working control decision-making of electrical network, provides to quantize and visual technical support means.That is to say, the unit of finally being shortlisted for is adjusted on the basis of economic technology comparison by man-machine interaction interface in good time, is necessary, also is rational.

The table of comparisons 1 and Fig. 4 can contrast, relatively newly-increased society, economy and the energy-saving and emission-reduction benefit of two kinds of unit control methods intuitively:

When example electrical network (6 units) operation 1 hour, utilize this method to control and utilize tradition (merely by electric price parameter) method to control, the newly-increased society of example electrical network, economy and energy-saving and emission-reduction benefit (the reduction coefficient of energy consumption parameter and electric price parameter is 500 yuan/ton) control case such as table 3.

Table 3: the control result after each control method is implemented relatively

Control method	The unit of being shortlisted for	Buy electricity expenditure (unit)	Energy consumption (ton)	SO 2Discharging (ton)
					Tradition (by electricity price)	6-1-2-3	363000	450	9
Be shortlisted in advance (by energy consumption)	4-5-2-3	342000	342	6.24
					This method (is pressed SO 2Discharging)	4-5-3-6	361500	381	5.88
Controlled (comprehensively)	4-5-3-1	355500	369	6.12

Can very clearly find out from top concrete example, adopt that traditional only to carry out generator control by electric price parameter (quotation) be both uneconomically (to buy 363000 yuan of electricity expenditures, much larger than other several control methods.Do not increase income in the power plant in fact, and the expense of the many expenditures of grid control centre has all become energy consumption and SO ₂Discharging, waste therebetween is very surprising), not energy-conservation yet, the also grid generation control method of not environmental protection.

Below, carry out concrete generating set central controlled concrete control procedure example in real time.

In order to prove absolutely the technical feasibility of this method, demonstrate the pure artificial process manually how specifically to implement control that adopts respectively with utilization generating automatics (AGC).

Pure artificial manual mode is original, the most rudimentary mode of operation, be exactly the operations staff of grid control centre, (AGC) withdraws from automatic power-generating controller for use, or switch to " manually " or " manually " position, the automatic power-generating controller for use of Power Plant Side unit (AGC) can be made as UNAV (the unit off-line can not use).

Even in this case; the operator on duty of grid control centre; after illustrating that according to this aforesaid method is carried out the data processing; he (she) can determine the control sequence of unit according to set control target; directly send control signal by phone, the operation of starting shooting and shutting down and adding load shedding according to the order of unit ordering then to the person on duty of each power plant.These operations do not have the different of essence with traditional operating according to electric price parameter.Having the operations staff of power plant of operation power technical ability on duty and the operation person on duty of grid control centre can both be familiar with and grasp present technique method satisfactorily according to aforementioned introduction:

If the operations staff of grid control centre selects with the total SO of electrical network ₂Discharging is minimum, and according to aforementioned searching order, grid control centre is the 4-5-3-6-1-2 machine to the control sequence of each unit according to this as can be known in order to control target, in this case:

1, grid control centre sends starting-up signal to No. 4 machines, and progressively unit load is filled it up with to 300,000 kilowatt of according to the unit creep speed, and No. 4 machines are set at the tape base lotus, 300,000 kilowatts of and the generated output power setting is at.

2, grid control centre sends starting-up signal to No. 5 machines, and progressively unit load is filled it up with to 300,000 kilowatt of according to the unit creep speed, and No. 5 machines are set at the tape base lotus, 300,000 kilowatts of and the generated output power setting is at.

3, grid control centre sends starting-up signal to No. 3 machines, and progressively unit load is filled it up with to 300,000 kilowatt of according to the unit creep speed, and No. 3 machines are set at the tape base lotus, 300,000 kilowatts of and the generated output power setting is at.

4, grid control centre sends starting-up signal to No. 6 machines, and progressively unit load is filled it up with to 300,000 kilowatt of according to the unit creep speed.In the prison dish, carry out associative operation by this unit operation operator on duty.

In actual motion, load is fluctuation to some extent always, is adopted in the prison dish by the person on duty on duty of No. 6 machines at this moment that manual mode adds, load shedding, with fuctuation within a narrow range, the variation of the load of tracking electrical network.

When the load of electrical network reduces, note at first lowering exerting oneself of No. 6 units, thereby guarantee total SO of the electrical network overall situation ₂Discharging is minimum.

Carry out aforesaid operations, just can adopt artificial mode of operation to realize desired SO ₂The control target of minimum emissions is finished the control task that this method is pursued!

Above-mentioned example has only been selected 6 units, and adopts artificial, manual original means to control, and its purpose only is to simplify the deduction process of this method, and feasible from principle proof this method.

For big electrical network of modern times, unit quantity reaches hundreds of, can not adopt artificial, manual mode to make a strategic decision in real time and implement and control.In fact, modern power network almost adopts EMS (EMS) to move control without any exception.In EMS, can solve various specific problems by working out various computer application softwares.The algorithm of this method and each associative operation, information processing manner and traditional processing mode of " selling electricity price " and controlling by electric weight are similar from above-mentioned table data as can be seen! In order to simplify the operation, selecting the processing mode identical with control flow with existing algorithm is wise move.

Adopt programming software each parameter marshalling of electricity power enterprise to collecting.

This processing procedure to collected parameter marshalling can be realized with all kinds of computer programming languages (as C language etc.) easily.

For example adopt the simplest " bubble sort " algorithm.The basic thought of this method is, regards element to be sorted " bubble " of endways arrangement as, and smaller elements is low weight, thereby will be toward come-up.We will be to this " bubble " series processing some times in the bubble sort algorithm.So-called around reason is exactly this sequence of bottom-up inspection, and constantly notices whether the order of two adjacent elements is correct.If find that the order of two adjacent elements is not right, promptly the element of " gently " just exchanges their position below.Obviously, handle after one time, the element of " the lightest " has just floated to the extreme higher position; Handle after two times, the element of " inferior light " has just floated to inferior high position.When making second around reason, because the element on the extreme higher position is " the lightest " element, so needn't check.Usually, during i around reason, needn't check the element that the i high position is above, because through front i-1 around reason, they correctly sequence preface.

Bigger at electrical network, electrical network unit quantity (being provided with H platform unit) more for a long time, in order to accelerate the data treatment progress, can adopt the insertion sort method, the basic ideas of this method are each with a data element to be sorted, be inserted into the appropriate location in the sorted ordered series of numbers in front, make ordered series of numbers still orderly; Till treating that the sorting data element has all inserted.For example, with unordered electric price parameter (when not considering via net loss, the quotation of each unit just equals " electric price parameter ") the ordered series of numbers G of each unit of table 1 (1, H) 0.30,0.31,0.32,0.33,0.34,0.28, be treated to sequence from small to large, its process is:

[initial key word] [0.30], 0.31,0.32,0.33,0.34,0.28,

J＝2(0.31)[0.30，0.31]，0.32，0.33，0.34，0.28，

J＝3(0.32)[0.30，0.31，0.32]，0.33，0.34，0.28，

J＝4(0.33)[0.30，0.31，0.32，0.33]，0.34，0.28，

J＝5(0.34)[0.30，0.31，0.32，0.33，0.34]，0.28，

J＝6(0.28)[0.28，0.30，0.31，0.32，0.33，0.34]

After above-mentioned processing, promptly form unit electric price parameter sequence from small to large: 0.28,0.30,0.31,0.32,0.33,0.34, the tables of original record of contrast unit quotation, the unit sequence according to the electric price parameter ordering is as can be known: the 6-1-2-3-4-5 machine.

Adopt insertion with the unordered energy consumption ordered series of numbers N of each unit of table 1 (1, H) 400,310,350,200,280,440, be treated to sequence from small to large, its process is:

[initial key word] [400], 310,350,200,280,440,

J＝2(310)[310，400]，350，200，280，440，

J-3(350)[310，350，400]，200，280，440，

J＝4(200)[200，310，350，400]，280，440，

J＝5(280)[200，280，310，350，400]，440，

J＝6(440)[200，280，310，350，400，440]

After above-mentioned processing, promptly form unit energy consumption argument sequence from small to large: 200,280,310,350,400,440, contrast unit energy consumption parameter tables of original record, the unit sequence according to the energy consumption parameter marshalling is as can be known: the 4-5-2-3-1-6 machine.

With the SO of same sort method to unit ₂Discharging parameter ordered series of numbers P (1, H) 7.8,8.2,7.0,0,5.6,7.0 handle, after sorted, and SO ₂Emissions data formation from small to large becomes: 0,5.6,7.0,7.0,7.8 and 8.2; Contrast unit energy consumption parameter tables of original record is as can be known according to SO ₂The corresponding unit sequence of discharging parameter marshalling is: the 4-5-3-6-1-2 machine.

That is to say, press SO ₂Minimum emissions is controlled the online order of generating set, and the order of unit should be the 4-5-3-6-1-2 machine.

The concrete operations of generating automaton (AGC):

How introduce according to above-mentioned control sequence (according to the order of 4-5-3-6-1-2 unit) below, utilize the generating automaton (AGC) of grid control centre to realize SO ₂The control target of minimum emissions:

If adopt generating automaton (as external early production) to implement this method, then will carry out the following relevant handover operation to (AGC).

Generally speaking, the unit in power plant is in following three kinds of running statuses:

UNAV---unit off-line can not use.To No. 1 unit and No. 2 units in this example, because under the normal condition of supposing the system, do not need operation, so should be set in " UNAV " state;

PLT---unit on-line operation, but have neither part nor lot in AGC control, directly under the local control of power plant.In this example, owing to adopt centralized Control, all units do not allow to be in this state (No. 1 unit and No. 2 units can make an exception);

AGC---unit on-line operation participates in the control of distant place AGC system.In this example, all units should be in this state (No. 1 unit and No. 2 units can make an exception).

When the unit on-line operation and drop into the AGC system and carry out distant place when control, unit under normal circumstances is in following several operation subpattern:

STBY---unit is in line states, then changes agc mode into by non-AGC, and unit is in the state of being ready to, but is not in AGC control as yet down.In this example, No. 1 unit and No. 2 units can be in this state.

MBP---unit is curve motion AGC according to plan, but does not participate in ACE or economic adjustment.4,5,3 and No. 6 units should be arranged on this state in this example, and promptly 4,5,3 and No. 6 units are set at " MBP ", and the plan curve all is set at 300MW.

MBPR---unit is curve motion AGC according to plan, and this unit carries out ACE to be regulated, but participatory economy is not regulated.If consider to carry out automatically the frequency adjustment of this system in this example, then No. 6 units (coming the last position of the unit of being shortlisted for) must be arranged on this state.But with the example electrical network, owing to be assumed to be an independently mini system, and the supposition load is constant, and therefore, No. 6 unit need not be located at " MBPR " state yet.

AUTR---unit is the AGC unit, only participates in ACE and regulates, but do not carry out economic adjustment.The unit of this example all need not be in this state.

AUTE---unit is the AGC unit, and it does not participate in ACE and regulates, and its operation base value is calculated by economic control (ED) subprogram, and a participatory economy is regulated.The unit of this example all need not be in this state.

AUTO---unit is the AGC unit, and it not only participates in ACE and regulates, and goes back participatory economy and regulates, and its operation base value is calculated by economic control (ED) subprogram.The unit of this example all need not be in this state.

TEST---unit is just carrying out the unit response test, by the AGC programme-control, but does not participate in ACE and EDC adjusting.Trystate, the unit of this example can not be in this state.

According to the aforesaid operations main points, notice that this example does not relate to operation of power networks problems such as electrical network frequency modulation, pressure regulation and the control of interconnection power, in the AGC system, carry out corresponding setting, just can finish the desired generating set of this method and control automatically.Should note grid control centre and Power Plant Side two parts of AGC system in the operation, promptly automation EMS/AGC system and factory station terminal stove coherent system is harmonious.

Points for attention have:

1, the setting of generation schedule (GS):

Power plant's base value plan (BSKED picture) among the GS of AGC system is set to: No. 4 machine 300MW; No. 5 machine 300MW; No. 3 machine 300MW; No. 6 machine 300MW; No. 1 machine 0MW; No. 2 machine 0MW.

Subtracting (deration) plan (DERATES picture) of exerting oneself is set to: No. 2 machine-No. 1 machine-No. 6 machine-No. 3 machine-No. 5 machine-No. 4 machines.

Other are all put as fuel cost plan (FCOST), fuel application plan (FSKED), alternative plan (RESERVE), transaction plan (TRSKALL) etc. and to withdraw from the position.

2,, adopt following manner to handle respectively to four kinds of patterns in the base value power tracking module:

(1) economic control mode (Economic Dispatch, ED): the ED function of 6 units is all withdrawed from.

(2) plan setting means (BL): the base value power of 6 AGC units is identical with the setting of generation schedule (GS).That is: No. 4 machine 300MW; No. 5 machine 300MW; No. 3 machine 300MW; No. 6 machine 300MW; No. 1 machine 0MW; No. 2 machine 0MW.

(3) the economy mean value mode (AV) of exerting oneself: withdrawing from need not.

(4) artificial input mode (BP):

Do not adopt, under this mode, the base value power of all AGC units is by power grid control personnel on-line setup.

3, unit adjustment module

Because the example unit is not considered the frequency adjustment, so the function of this module all can withdraw from, promptly places (O) state of not regulating.If consider unit frequency modulation, the total load level of this example system is 4 300MW units, and gross capability is 1200MW, promptly 1,200,000 kilowatts, when the frequency modulation characteristic of unit is set, should consider the relative parameters setting of AGC, and for example, the frequency characteristic parameter of system is P _fBe 2.5 (each system is different different because of part throttle characteristics), just system frequency changes at 1% o'clock, and load will change 2.5%.

4, PLC control module

This modular computer group is actual exert oneself with system to the expectation of unit exert oneself poor, simultaneously this PLC deviation is returned the AGC module of grid control centre, after the AGC module is calculated, issue control command again, the deviation that exists with compensation to power plant.

Because this example is not at control procedures such as electrical network frequency modulation, pressure regulation, so the use of AGC with press method to set up that electric price parameter controls by comparison, except the control sequence of unit and the maximum of unit (minimum) power, add the relative set of characteristic aspects such as load shedding, unit vibration district, what difference all the other do not have.Every positive person on duty that can be competent at electrical network and the normal operation of power plant electrical has the technical ability of grasp, control this method.

For example, make into to control, then only need Artificial Control is changed into the relevant control sequence in the AGC control by the integrated approach shown in the table 3: No. 4 machine-No. 5 machine-No. 3 machine-No. 1 machines, and notice that the related data correspondence of each unit, coupling just can.

If adopt homemade AGC, the operation in corresponding grid control centre and power plant will be simpler:

Click on key frame " AGC moves control ", enter AGC operation monitoring key frame, what the picture left-half mainly showed is AGC important operation informations more in service, for monitoring and the control use.

Grid control centre can elect between " input " and " withdrawing from " two states to AGC.

Drop into: click " input " button and get final product, will show " RUN " in the square frame of back.Under this duty, all functions of AGC are normal operation input all, carries out closed-loop control.

Withdraw from: click " withdrawing from " button and get final product, will show " STOP " in the square frame of back.AGC is the open loop operation under this duty, the control signal of generator is not all sent, but other function normal operation input can monitor all working situation and service data on picture.

Under this AGC device context, suppose still to select total SO with electrical network ₂Discharging is minimum for controlling target, and grid control centre is the 4-5-3-6-1-2 machine to the control measure order of each unit according to this:

At grid control centre, need carry out following operation:

" base value power " pattern of No. 4 machines, No. 5 machines and No. 3 machines is set at: the SCHE of No. 4 machines (plan)=300MW; The SCHE of No. 5 machines (plan)=300MW; The SCHE of No. 3 machines (plan)=300MW.

The adjusting power mode of No. 4 machines, No. 5 machines and No. 3 machines is set at: " OFF (closing) " or " EMG is urgent) ";

No. 6 machine base value power mode is set at: " AUTO (automatically) ", it is regulated power mode and is set at: " REG (adjusting) ".

In order to coordinate mutually,, AGC should be arranged on " distant place control " position at the Power Plant Side of No. 4 machines, No. 5 machines, No. 3 machines and No. 6 machines with the AGC main website of grid control centre; And No. 1 machine and No. 2 machines are arranged on AGC " control on the spot " position.

Take all factors into consideration energy-conservation and environmental protection if the control target of electrical network is changed into, i.e. " comprehensive (controlled) " mode in the table 3, then 4-5-3-1 is changed in the control sequence of generator, at this time, at grid control centre, then need carry out following operation:

The base value power mode of No. 4 machines, No. 5 machines and No. 3 machines is set at: the SCHE of No. 4 machines (plan)=300MW; The SCHE of No. 5 machines (plan)=300MW; The SCHE of No. 3 machines (plan)=300MW.

The adjusting power mode of No. 4 machines, No. 5 machines and No. 3 machines is set at: " OFF (closing) " or " EMG is urgent) ";

No. 1 machine base value power mode is set at: " AUTO (automatically) ", it is regulated power mode and is set at: " REG (adjusting) ".

In order to coordinate mutually,, AGC should be arranged on " distant place control " position at the Power Plant Side of No. 4 machines, No. 5 machines, No. 3 machines and No. 1 machine with the AGC main website of grid control centre; And No. 6 machines and No. 2 machines are arranged on AGC " control on the spot " position.

In contrast, the traditional control of electrical network be minimum with the electric power total payoff amount of money of buying be target, can't consider energy-conservation and environmental protection, i.e. " tradition (by electricity price) " mode in the table 3,6-1-2-3 is changed in the control sequence of generator, and at grid control centre, the operation of carrying out is as follows:

The base value power mode of No. 6 machines, No. 1 machine and No. 2 machines is set at: the SCHE of No. 6 machines (plan)=300MW; , No. 1 machine SCHE (plan)=300MW; The SCHE of No. 2 machines (plan)=300MW.；

The adjusting power mode of No. 6 machines, No. 1 machine and No. 2 machines is set at: " OFF (closing) " or " EMG is urgent) ";

No. 3 machine base value power mode is set at: " AUTO (automatically) ", it is regulated power mode and is set at: " REG (adjusting) ".

In order to coordinate mutually,, AGC should be arranged on " distant place control " position at the Power Plant Side of No. 6 machines, No. 1 machine, No. 2 machines and No. 3 machines with the AGC main website of grid control centre; And No. 4 machines and No. 5 machines are arranged on AGC " control on the spot " position.

The capacity that is noted that 6 units of this example hypothesis is identical, is in order to state simple and brief purpose, and in actual motion, this situation is difficult to reappear.But as long as notice that the relevant parameter of each unit is corresponding, do not mix up, this method is easy to realize under existing electrical network and power plant's condition.

Claims (4)

1. One kind energy-conservation and reduce SO based on electrical network ₂The generating set centralized Control method of discharging is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

   1) electric price parameter of each generating set electric weight of genco, energy consumption parameter, SO ₂The discharging parameter is by the internet, and telephone channel or wireless, carrier wave, microwave, communication network input to grid control centre;

   2) after grid control centre receives above-mentioned information, at first discern, confirm, deposit raw data base in, again these initial data were classified according to processing, sort algorithm and cycle, ordering; Export electric price parameter sorting data from low to high, corresponding with unit, energy consumption parameter marshalling data and SO respectively ₂Discharging parameter marshalling data;

   3) according to the workload demand of electrical network and follow and send out a principle that needs balance, grid control centre is according to the energy consumption parameter and the SO of each unit electric weight ₂Discharging parameter marshalling data are determined the unit of being shortlisted for respectively; Search one by one corresponding generating set according to the energy consumption parameter marshalling it is shortlisted for, when the generating set of being shortlisted for when accumulative total was exerted oneself and balanced each other with workload demand, the energy consumption parameter of that of a being shortlisted for unit formed energy consumption mark post line at last; According to SO ₂The discharging parameter marshalling searches one by one corresponding generating set is shortlisted for it, when the generating set of being shortlisted for when accumulative total is exerted oneself and is balanced each other with workload demand, and the SO of that of a being shortlisted for unit at last ₂The discharging parameter forms SO ₂Discharging mark post line; And energy consumption parameter and energy consumption mark post line compared the output energy consumption unit information of being shortlisted for; According to the network load demand, grid control centre is also exported the electricity price unit information of being shortlisted for, and unit information and the energy consumption preliminary election that unit information carries out electricity price-energy consumption of being shortlisted for of being shortlisted for is calculated to electricity price, the output energy consumption preliminary election operation unit data of being shortlisted for; And then be shortlisted for and the be shortlisted for energy consumption displacement economic compensation data of unit of energy consumption according to energy consumption mark post line output electricity price;

   4) grid control centre energy consumption that output is calculated in the preliminary election preliminary election operation unit data of being shortlisted for are adjusted on the basis of economic technology comparison in good time, determine final operation unit; Perhaps be shortlisted for preliminary election operation unit data and SO of the preliminary election energy consumption of calculating output ₂Discharge the unit data of being shortlisted for and carry out electricity price, energy consumption, environmental protection analysis-by-synthesis, and on the basis of economic technology comparison, adjust in good time, determine final operation unit by grid control centre;

   5) grid control centre adopts artificial direct control mode to implement control to generating set according to the final operation unit of determining; Perhaps grid control centre is according to the final operation unit of determining, automatic electricity generation control system output unit operation control signal by grid control centre, be connected to the automatic electricity generation control system of genco through the power grid control private data network, realize Automatic Generation Control unit.
2. 2. according to claim 1 a kind of energy-conservation and reduce SO based on electrical network ₂The generating set centralized Control method of discharging is characterized in that: energy consumption parameter, the SO of each generating set electric weight of described genco ₂The discharging parameter is decided by the physicochemical property of fuel and technical performance, running environment and the operating mode of unit, measures by chemical examination, monitoring and experiment.
3. 3. according to claim 1 a kind of energy-conservation and reduce SO based on electrical network ₂The generating set centralized Control method of discharging is characterized in that: described energy consumption displacement economic compensation data, and open, stop and corresponding Fuel Consumption calculates according to unit.
4. 4. according to claim 1 a kind of energy-conservation and reduce SO based on electrical network ₂The generating set centralized Control method of discharging, it is characterized in that: the automatic electricity generation control system of described genco, realization to the Automatic Generation Control of unit is: the automatic electricity generation control system of genco connects respectively, control the controller of each generating set, perhaps the output of the automatic electricity generation control system of grid control centre is connected directly to the controller of each generating set through the power grid control private data network, the data signal secondary distribution of generator set controller is given the digital-to-analogue conversion plate, and be converted to analog quantity by the digital-to-analogue conversion plate and deliver in the boiler-turbine coordinated system, realize Automatic Generation Control to unit.

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