CN1690148A - 非织造织物的湿拉伸强度的改进 - Google Patents
非织造织物的湿拉伸强度的改进 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1690148A CN1690148A CNA2005100669011A CN200510066901A CN1690148A CN 1690148 A CN1690148 A CN 1690148A CN A2005100669011 A CNA2005100669011 A CN A2005100669011A CN 200510066901 A CN200510066901 A CN 200510066901A CN 1690148 A CN1690148 A CN 1690148A
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- latex polymer
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/20—Cooling means
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2039—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating characterised by the heat transfer by conduction from the heat generating element to a dissipating body
- H05K7/20409—Outer radiating structures on heat dissipating housings, e.g. fins integrated with the housing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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Abstract
本发明涉及改进非织造织物的湿拉伸强度，该织物是用于预先润湿的非织造湿擦巾，其能安全地使用，且能在适宜的环境中冲洗、分散和最终生物降解，或者该织物用于当与液体接触时需要高拉伸强度的非织造织物。对非织造织物的湿拉伸强度的改进是通过向施用到织物上的聚合物粘结剂体系中引入有限量的聚丙烯酸实现的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于改进非织造产品的湿拉伸强度的聚合物粘结剂体系。
背景技术
一次性处理产品的问题在非织造工业的环保方面非常重要。在不同类型的一次性非织造织物中，有预先润湿的非织造织物，它们可以在大量的水或液体中分散，和吸收性的一次性非织造织物，可以用作抹布和在与液体接触之后需要高水平的强度。
关于一次性非织造织物，工业上希望提供在卷辊上预先润湿的卫生纸品和预先润湿的抹布，它们实际上是可冲洗的和可分散的。换句话说，这些纸品或抹布必须在温和搅拌下在厕所水中崩解，且不需要额外的温度或化学品。
湿包装的皮肤清洗和再清洁制品是工业上公知的，通常称为卫生纸、湿巾、妇女用品等。这些可以包含由纸制成的吸收片材，经过制备或处理以赋予其湿强度，具有通常洗涤用品的尺寸，和在折叠情况下湿包装，各自包装在不渗透的小包中或多个包装在密闭的容器中。在湿包装的粘结非织造织物的预先润湿中使用的液体通常是含水组合物，或洗液，它们可以进一步含有表面活性剂和润湿剂，和在一些情况下可以含有香味剂。代替这些湿片材的独立包装，它们通常在销售时包装在可再封闭的容器中，这些容器具有任何所需数目的这些折叠片材。
水溶性或水再分散性聚合物粘结剂已经用于生产非织造基材，它们通常包括聚乙烯醇(PVOH)、PVOH-稳定的乙酸乙烯酯或乙酸乙烯酯类聚合物，例如乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯(VAE)乳液聚合物。与预先润湿的擦巾和纸品有关的一些技术问题包括：(1)在非织造擦巾中提供足够的水溶性或水分散性粘结剂以为生产和预期应用提供足够的干燥拉伸强度和湿拉伸强度，和(2)保护在擦巾或纸品中的水再分散性聚合物在储存期间不受含水组合物的影响。
已经提出了几种机理来解决使用之前预先润湿的擦巾的崩解。一种方法中采用向含水液体组合物中添加硼酸或其衍生物以保持湿的非织造基材的完整性。但是，硼酸和其衍生物是不太优选的，因为它们潜在地不利影响附近的粘膜。
另一种防止擦巾解体的方法是包括高含量的碱金属碳酸氢盐和盐以防止含水液体缓慢溶解PVOH，从而使得保护胶体能再分散聚合物粘结剂。碱金属硼酸氢盐的一个问题是它们能缓慢地分解成二氧化碳和从溶液中蒸发出去。
以下专利和文献用于说明现有技术：
US 4,245,744公开了用含有PVOH的乙酸乙烯酯类聚合物浸渍的非织造纤维片材，其中非织造片材保持与用于PVOH的沉淀剂或凝胶剂(例如硼酸)的稀水溶液接触。
US 5,252,332公开了一种包装的卫生用品，包括用PVOH或含有PVOH的粘结剂浸渍的非织造纤维片材，与含有硼离子和碳酸氢根离子的水溶液接触。
US 5,629,081公开了预先润湿的、可分散的和可生物降解的湿巾，包含与含有PVOH的粘结剂接触的非织造纤维织物。与粘结剂接触的织物还含有含水液体溶液，包含0.1-0.9重量％的硼酸和5-8重量％的碱金属碳酸氢盐，基于液体的重量计。
US 5,384,189公开了一种水可分解的非织造织物，其中纤维彼此与水溶性粘结剂粘合，水溶性粘结剂含有不饱和羧酸/不饱和碳酸酯共聚物，其中1-60摩尔％的衍生自羧酸的重复单元是盐的形式。粘结剂能溶于自来水中，但是不溶于含有不少于0.5重量％包含单价金属离子的中性无机盐的水溶液中。
US 5,972,805公开了一种用于非织造织物的水溶性聚合物粘结剂组合物，包含25-90重量％的不饱和羧酸/不饱和羧酸酯/酯共聚物、10-75重量％的二价离子抑制剂和0-10重量％的增塑剂。该水溶性粘结剂组合物可溶于具有约50ppm二价离子浓度和小于约0.5重量％单价离子浓度的含水环境中。
US 5,256,417公开了一种一次性包装纸品，包含用粘结剂浸渍的非织造纤维片材，粘结剂例如是PVOH或含有PVOH作为保护胶体的聚合物水乳液。该片材保持在湿条件下，在包装内与非含水的液体组合物接触，该组合物是作为PVOH非溶剂的液体有机化合物。
WO99/18269和WO00/39378公开了可冲洗的一次性产品。可冲洗产品的特征是它具有足以用于预期用途的湿强度，但是在与水接触时丧失其结构完整性。离子敏感性的“温度敏感性”组合物用于形成一次性产品，和包含至少一种水敏感性聚合物和至少一种聚交酯、被极性基团例如马来酸接枝的聚烯烃的共混物。可分散性取决于单价或多价离子在水溶液中的含量。
另外，非织造产品用于制备吸收性的一次性产品例如擦巾。这些非织造产品或织物也由松散组装的与粘合性聚合物粘结剂结合在一起的纤维网或簇组成。这些纤维已经由纤维素或聚合物材料构成，例如聚酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酸酯等。但是，这些非织造产品预期在与液体接触后保持高水平的强度。它们通常用于清洁工作台面、窗户和许多其它硬表面。许多用于非织造织物的粘合性聚合物已经基于乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯和自交联单体(例如N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA))的水性聚合物，或通过乳液聚合形成的等价物。自交联单体的引入提供了改进的湿强度和耐有机溶剂性。
以下专利是现有技术的代表：
US 3,380,851公开了非织造粘结剂，包含乙酸乙烯酯、作为内增塑剂的另一种可聚合化合物和可后固化的共聚单体例如N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺形成的聚合物，其粘结到松散组装的纤维上。公开了基于天然和合成纤维的各种纤维，包括纤维素、羊毛、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚乙烯等。
US 4,449,978公开了US 3,380,851中描述的非织造织物与产生低含量甲醛的粘结性聚合物的结合。具体的体系是基于乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯以及丙烯酰胺和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺的共混物。
US 3,758,429公开了用于生产非织造织物的粘合性粘结剂，基于乙烯、氯乙烯和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺的三元共聚物。该三元共聚物用于提高湿强度。
US 3,752,733公开了基于由天然和合成来源的纤维与乙烯/氯乙烯/丙烯酰胺三元共聚物结合形成的非织造产品。这些专利公开了用硫化合物固化这些聚合物以提供改进的拉伸强度、柔软性、韧性等。
US 3,137,589公开了用于制备非织造织物的粘结剂，含有在氮原子上被至少一个羟甲基取代的α，β-不饱和羧酸酰胺与另一种不饱和的可聚合化合物形成的共聚物。
以前，为了达到所希望的或足够的湿拉伸强度，已经通常提高聚合物的干燥拉伸强度或者使用高含量的聚合物。但是，湿拉伸强度的水平通常在所需要的性能水平之下，提高自交联单体的含量不能提高性能。在非织造产品中的较高的干燥拉伸强度倾向于赋予产品以刚度或硬度，使得接触感觉不舒适。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种用于改进非织造产品的湿拉伸强度的聚合物粘结剂体系。基本聚合物粘结剂由烯属不饱和单体的聚合单元构成，通过乳液聚合形成，和配制用于非织造产品。通常，聚合物粘结剂可以含有乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯、氯乙烯、vinyl versatate、(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯、丁二烯和/或其它不饱和单体例如马来酸二辛酯。如果希望得到具有与任何液体接触时具有高强度的非织造产品，则粘结剂应该还含有自交联单体例如N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)。对非织造织物的湿拉伸强度的改进是通过向粘结剂中引入有限量的聚丙烯酸(PAA)实现的。另一个可能的优点包括能通过使用具有相等强度的较少粘结剂来降低游离甲醛的水平。
总之，该聚合物粘结剂体系的主要优点在于该聚合物粘结剂显示被润湿时具有改进的非织造织物的强度。使用本发明的聚合物粘结剂体系导致非织造织物的强度提高，并且与使用基于VAE的公知粘结剂体系相比使用了更少的粘结剂，并能生产与现有产品相等强度的结构体。通过使用较少的粘结剂，实现了原料节省，也实现了性能的改进，因为希望成品具有较低的甲醛含量、较少的开裂、改进的吸收性以及更柔软的手感。这种改进是可实现的，不论湿强度是永久的(使用自交联共聚单体)或者可逆的(特别预先润湿的擦巾，与现有技术产品相比使用较少量的不溶性盐的洗剂(lotin))。
在需要可逆性交联以能再分散在液体中的情况下，本发明涉及改进的预先润湿的湿擦巾，包含纤维的非织造织物或基材，其与水可再分散的聚合物粘结剂在与含水组合物例如含有水结合盐的洗剂接触时粘合在一起。改进之处在于该聚合物粘结剂组合物由共混物组成，该共混物包含基于干重量的以下组分：
65-85重量％的所述水可再分散的聚合物乳液；
13-30重量％的聚乙烯醇；和
1-7重量％的聚丙烯酸。
本发明提供一种具有以下优点的预先润湿的擦巾：
·长的储存期；
·在含水液体中的良好拉伸强度；
·为生产所需的良好干燥拉伸强度和伸长率；
·在含水洗剂中不需要使用硼酸或其衍生物；
·一次性使用后的擦巾在普通自来水的环境条件下和包含水的厕所操作中能快速崩解，与水的硬度无关；
·不需要使用增塑剂例如聚乙二醇，因为该预先润湿的擦巾具有粘结剂所具有的良好手感，和
·使用较少的不溶性盐，从而显著降低/消除刺激性问题和关于刺鼻气味的问题。
在任何液体存在下要求非织造产品具有湿强度的情况下，本发明涉及通过向粘结剂中引入聚丙烯酸来改进非织造织物的湿拉伸强度。改进之处在于该聚合物粘结剂组合物由共混物构成，所述共混物包含基于干重量的以下组分：
90-99.9重量％的可自交联的胶乳聚合物；和
0.1-10重量％的聚丙烯酸。
本发明涉及改进非织造织物的湿拉伸强度，该织物是用于预先润湿的非织造湿擦巾，其能安全地使用，且能在适宜的环境中冲洗、分散和最终生物降解，或者该织物是用于当与液体接触时需要高拉伸强度的非织造织物。术语“湿擦巾”在本发明中表示预先润湿的非织造纤维织物，其可以用于例如清洁目的和包括物品例如卫生纸、擦巾，例如婴儿擦巾、痔疮擦巾、妇女卫生巾、卧床病人用擦巾、浴室清洁巾等，和预先润湿的卫生纸。术语“可分散的”表示非织造湿擦巾能在厕所水或其它含水介质中在中等搅动下分解。
可分散的预先润湿的非织造湿擦巾由非织造纤维材料构成，它在与含水组合物例如洗剂接触时与水溶性或可再分散的聚合物粘结剂粘结。不可分散的非织造织物由与可自交联的粘结剂粘合的非织造纤维材料构成。纤维材料主要由纤维素木浆纤维构成，通常具有一定量的织物纤维以提高湿强度和干燥强度。通常，木浆纤维构成非织造基材的约75-100重量％，织物纤维构成非织造基材的约0-25重量％。优选的织物纤维包括人造丝、棉、羊毛、乙酸酯或tencel纤维。
木浆(单独或与天然或合成纤维共混)可以通过干法(空气铺置(air-laid)、粗梳、rando)或湿法铺置(wet-laid)工艺加工以生产非织造织物。通过空气铺置法生产的非织造织物是优选的，因为与湿铺置非织造织物相比，最终产品中的纤维的氢键最少。空气铺置法赋予织物以极少或没有赋予完整性，所以必须通过搅动克服以达到织物的完全崩解。
在可分散的预先润湿的擦巾的形成中，初始的处理是用水溶性或水可分散性粘结剂涂覆或浸渍非织造织物。这可以如下进行：(1)浸渍织物，或使得整个织物在水可分散的胶乳聚合物粘结剂的含水组合物中通过，特别是在被作为保护胶体的PVOH稳定的聚合物水溶液中通过，或(2)通过喷涂、通过搅拌、通过辊或其它类型的施用器将这种水溶性或可再分散的聚合物粘结剂施用到纤维的非织造织物的表面上。在干燥之后，经过处理的非织造织物可以然后被切割成所需尺寸的片材用于预期用途。被预先切割成所需尺寸的粗的单独片材可以用含水PVOH或聚合物乳液处理，然后干燥。
在不可分散的预先润湿的擦巾的形成中，初始的处理是用可自交联的粘结剂涂覆或浸渍非织造织物。这可以如下进行：(1)浸渍织物，或使得整个织物在可自交联的胶乳聚合物粘结剂的含水组合物中通过，特别是在含有NMA在有或无丙烯酰胺存在下的含水聚合物乳液中通过，或(2)通过喷涂、通过搅拌、通过辊或其它类型的施用器将这种可自交联的胶乳聚合物粘结剂施用到纤维的非织造织物的表面上。在干燥之后，经过处理的非织造织物可以加热到较高的温度，进行可自交联的部分的完全固化，然后被切割成所需尺寸的片材用于预期用途。
在可分散的预先润湿的擦巾中的改进之处在于作为所述水可再分散的胶乳聚合物粘结剂的水溶性聚合物共混物由以下组分构成：(1)水可再分散的胶乳聚合物粘结剂；(2)聚乙烯醇；和(3)聚丙烯酸。水可再分散的胶乳聚合物、聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯酸的量列在下表中，基于干重量计。
| 组分 | 干重％ | 优选的干重％ |
| 水可再分散的胶乳聚合物 | 65-85 | 68-78 |
| 聚乙烯醇 | 13-30 | 20-28 |
| 聚丙烯酸 | 1-7 | 2-5 |
用于可分散的非织造织物的水可再分散的胶乳聚合物粘结剂是这样的一种，其通常非交联的，例如它不合聚合的NMA单元，该单元会交联到使得聚合物变得不能分散的程度。最有利的是，在通过水乳液聚合进行制备中，水可再分散的胶乳聚合物粘结剂含有PVOH作为保护胶体和稳定体系的组分。PVOH稳定的乙酸乙烯酯和乙酸乙烯酯基聚合物例如VAE聚合物乳液是优选的，因为它们易于在水中分散。当水可再分散的聚合物可以是乙酸乙烯酯均聚物时，这些配料不会具有典型空气铺置非织造织物生产中所需程度的伸长率。
可以使用的水可再分散的胶乳聚合物粘结剂包括、但不限于乙酸乙烯酯基聚合物，例如用PVOH稳定的VAE聚合物，其中Tg是-45℃至30℃。也可以有少量的其它单体聚合到主链中。这些单体可以包括(甲基)丙烯酸、巴豆酸，(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯，其中烷基是C1-C12，直链或支链的；马来酸二-或单-烷基酯，其中烷基是C1-C12，直链或支链的；(甲基)丙烯酰胺，二-或单-烷基取代的(甲基)丙烯酰胺，其中烷基是C1-C12，直链或支链的；链烷酸的乙烯基酯，其中烷基是C1-C12，直链或支链的；丙烯，氯乙烯，和乙烯基亚乙基碳酸酯。
用作共混物中组分的PVOH可以具有75-96摩尔％、优选87-89摩尔％的水解度。也可以具有大于96摩尔％的水解度。优选使用具有高分子量的PVOH；聚合度(DPn)是600-2500或更多。提高PVOH水解度倾向于导致一种再分散显著更慢的织物。这种性能不会妨碍分散液成为适宜的粘结剂，但是它们在一些应用中不是太优选的。PVOH产品可以从Celanese Chemical Company以商品名Celvol获得。
在不可分散的非织造织物中的改进之处在于作为所述可自交联的胶乳聚合物粘结剂的水分散聚合物共混物由以下组分构成：(1)可自交联的胶乳聚合物粘结剂和(2)聚丙烯酸。可自交联的胶乳聚合物和聚丙烯酸的量列在下表中，基于干重量计。
| 组分 | 干重％ | 优选的干重％ |
| 可自交联的胶乳聚合物 | 90-99.9 | 94-99 |
| 聚丙烯酸 | 0.1-10 | 1-6 |
用于不可分散性非织造产品的可自交联的胶乳聚合物粘结剂是含有聚合的NMA单元的那些，该单元会交联到使得聚合物变得不能分散的程度。最有利的是，可自交联的胶乳聚合物含有NMA；NMA和丙烯酰胺(工业上称为NMA-LF或MAMD)的混合物；丙烯酰氨基乙醇酸(AGA)；丙烯酰氨基丁醛二乙基缩醛；丙烯酰氨基丁醛二甲基缩醛；丙烯酰氨基乙醇酸甲酯甲基醚；异丁基羟甲基丙烯酰胺等的混合物。NMA以及NMA和丙烯酰胺的混合物是选择的交联剂，是用于减少游离甲醛释放的聚合物的工业选择。这些单体通过水乳液聚合反应聚合。
可以使用的可自交联的胶乳聚合物粘结剂包括、但不限于乙酸乙烯酯基聚合物，例如用PVOH、表面活性剂、表面活性剂与保护胶体(例如是PVOH或改性羟乙基纤维素)组合稳定的VAE聚合物，其中分散聚合物的Tg是-45℃至30℃。也可以有少量的其它共聚单体聚合到主链中。这些单体可以包括(甲基)丙烯酸、巴豆酸，(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯，其中烷基是C1-C12，直链或支链的；马来酸二或单-烷基酯，其中烷基是C1-C12，直链或支链的；(甲基)丙烯酰胺，二-或单-烷基取代的(甲基)丙烯酰胺，其中烷基是C1-C12，直链或支链的；链烷酸的乙烯基酯，其中烷基是C1-C12，直链或支链的；丙烯，氯乙烯，和乙烯基亚乙基碳酸酯。这些聚合物可以不含乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯。
术语聚丙烯酸表示在聚合物主链中具有主要比例(例如至少50％)和优选至少90％聚合丙烯酸单元的聚合物。通常，聚丙烯酸是通过聚丙烯酰胺的水解形成，因此在聚合物中可存在残余的丙烯酰胺。该聚合物也可以具有任何分子量，但对于聚丙烯酸的优选数均分子量范围是100,000-500,000道尔顿。工业上适宜的聚丙烯酸的例子包括Acumer1540和Acumer 1510，可以从Rohm and Haas获得；Cyanamer A-15，Cyanamer A-100L，Cyanamer P-21，Cyanamer A-370，可以从CytecIndustries，Inc获得；或Alcosperse 124，Alcosperse 404，Alcosperse406，Alcosperse 459，Alcosperse 602A和Alcosperse 747，可以从Alco Chemical获得；以及可以从Aldrich Chemical Company获得的几个级别的聚丙烯酸。
将该共混物以至少足以将纤维粘结在一起以形成自支持织物的量施用到纤维织物上。在非织造织物的形成中，该共混物以基于干重计的通常约5-50重量％、优选15-30重量％的量施用到纤维初始织物上。在以含水形式施用共混物之后，经过浸渍的织物被干燥。
预先润湿的擦巾在与含水组合物例如含有水和水结合盐的洗剂接触中来包装。该洗剂通常包含在本领域中公知的和实际使用的醇、防腐剂、清洁剂、香料、润湿剂、湿润剂、表面活性剂和软化剂。
施用到预先润湿的非织造擦巾或与其接触的含水洗剂组合物的量可以是150-1000重量％，优选200-400重量％。含水洗剂可以包含常规量的水，通常是40-99重量％的水，优选60-80％的水。
结合水的化合物例如不溶性盐被引入含水组合物或洗剂中以帮助防止水可再分散的聚合物粘结剂溶解。结合水的物质的量可以是洗剂“固含量”的3-约100重量％，优选5-95重量％，最优选20-90重量％，即除了水之外的组分包含含水组合物或洗剂组合物。按照洗剂的重量计，该量是约5-15重量％。
结合水的化合物包括铵，无机酸和有机酸的单价和多价金属盐，例如碱金属盐和碱土金属盐。合适的金属包括碱金属锂、钠、钾和碱土金属镁和钙。合适的酸部分包括有机酸，例如碳酸、柠檬酸、乙酸和丁二酸，无机酸例如磷酸、硫酸和氢氯酸。示例性材料包括氯化钠、硫酸钠、乙酸铵、柠檬酸钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、月桂基硫酸钠、月桂基硫代琥珀酸二钠(disodium laureth sulfosuccinate)、月桂基硫酸钠、壬基酚乙氧基化硫酸钠、磷酸二钠、碳酸钠以及它们的相应钾盐。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明的各种实施方案，不限制本发明的范围。
实施例
按照常规方式制备一系列配料，并检测干燥拉伸强度、湿拉伸强度和洗剂拉伸强度和可再分散性。在实验1-38中，基于70-80重量份胶乳聚合物、20-30重量份PVOH和0-5重量份聚丙烯酸形成共混物，都是基于干重。实验39-43是95-100重量份胶乳聚合物和0-5重量份聚丙烯酸的共混物，都是基于干重。将该共混物喷在短纤维纤维素空气铺置起绒浆料基材上，以提供基于基材织物的10-20％的含量。将基材干燥和卷起。由水和结合水的硫酸钠盐构成的洗剂以约300重量％洗剂/基材干重的量辊入该织物中。实验结果列在表中。
表
| 实验# | 胶乳类型 | 胶乳％ | PVOH等级 | PVOH | 在粘结剂中PAA的类型(MW，道尔顿) | 在粘结剂中的PAA％ | 在洗剂中的添加剂 | 在洗剂中的硫酸钠添加剂的湿重量％ | 干燥拉伸强度(g/in) | 湿拉伸强度(g/in) | 洗剂拉伸强度(g/in) |
| 1 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | - | 0 | Na2SO4 | 5 | 602.9 | 12.4 | 34.5 |
| 2 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | - | 0 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 602.9 | 12.4 | 68.7 |
| 3 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | - | 0 | Na2SO4 | 15 | 602.9 | 12.4 | 86.3 |
| 4 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | Aldrich(250,000) | 2 | Na2SO4 | 5 | 861.8 | 31.5 | 45.5 |
| 5 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | Aldrich(250,000) | 2 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 861.8 | 31.5 | 165.8 |
| 6 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | Aldrich(250,000) | 5 | Na2SO4 | 5 | 799.7 | 97.5 | 146.0 |
| 7 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | Aldrich(250,000) | 5 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 799.7 | 97.5 | 165.8 |
| 8 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | Aldrich(450,000) | 2 | Na2SO4 | 15 | 869 | 31.7 | 105.3 |
| 9 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | Aldrich(450,000) | 5 | Na2SO4 | 15 | 945 | 100.3 | 195.0 |
| 10 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | CytecA370(200,000) | 2 | Na2SO4 | 15 | 757 | 15.9 | 64.7 |
| 11 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | CytecA370(200,000) | 5 | Na2SO4 | 15 | 772 | 17.7 | 66.3 |
| 12 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | Aldrich(750,000)MW | 2 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 748.9 | 44.1 | 122.7 |
| 13 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | Aldrich(750,000) | 4 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 853.5 | 124.0 | 181.4 |
| 14 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | Aldrich(1,250,000) | 2 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 871.9 | 55.1 | 138.7 |
| 15 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | Aldrich(4,000,000) | 2 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 885.2 | 60.4 | 125.1 |
| 16 | A-400 | 70 | C-523 | 30 | - | - | Na2SO4 | 10 | 662.4 | 15.0 | 68.0 |
| 17 | A-400 | 70 | C-523 | 30 | Aldrich(250,000) | 2 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 727.3 | 21.0 | 93.9 |
| 18 | A-400 | 70 | C-523 | 30 | Aldrich(250,000) | 5 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 843.9 | 79.6 | 142.3 |
| 19 | A-400 | 70 | C-523 | 30 | Aldrich(400,000) | 2 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 698.6 | 26.2 | 110.5 |
| 20 | A-400 | 70 | C-523 | 30 | Aldrich(400,000) | 5 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 892.4 | 62.7 | 183.9 |
| 21 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | Acumer1540(200,000) | 5 | Na2SO4 | 5 | 593.5 | 46.9 | 52.3 |
| 22 | XX210 | 80 | C-523 | 20 | Acumer1540 | 5 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 593.5 | 46.9 | 104.1 |
| 23 | XX210 | 80 | C-425 | 20 | - | 0 | Na2SO4 | 5 | 516.2 | 20.3 | 44.8 |
| 24 | XX210 | 80 | C-425 | 20 | - | 0 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 516.2 | 20.3 | 77.8 |
| 25 | XX210 | 80 | C-425 | 20 | Acumer1540 | 5 | Na2SO4 | 5 | 600.3 | 107.7 | 124.6 |
| 26 | XX210 | 80 | C-425 | 20 | Acumer1540 | 10 | Na2SO4 | 10 | 600.3 | 107.7 | 141.2 |
| 27 | XX210 | 70 | C-425 | 30 | - | 0 | Na2SO4 | 5 | 559.0 | 19.7 | 64.4 |
| 28 | XX210 | 70 | C-425 | 30 | - | 0 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 559.0 | 19.7 | 78.4 |
| 29 | XX210 | 70 | C-425 | 30 | Acumer1540 | 5 | Na2SO4 | 5 | 748.4 | 94.8 | 139.6 |
| 30 | XX210 | 70 | C-425 | 30 | Acumer1540 | 5 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 748.4 | 94.8 | 151.5 |
| 31 | A-400 | 70 | C-425 | 30 | - | 0 | Na2SO4 | 5.0 | 487.9 | 13.5 | 42.1 |
| 32 | A-400 | 70 | C-425 | 30 | - | 0 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 487.9 | 13.5 | 49.7 |
| 33 | A-400 | 70 | C-425 | 30 | Acumer1540 | 2 | Na2SO4 | 5.0 | 800.7 | 13.2 | 68.8 |
| 34 | A-400 | 70 | C-425 | 30 | Acumer1540 | 2 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 800.7 | 13.2 | 146.2 |
| 35 | A-400 | 70 | C-523 | 30 | Acumer1540 | 1 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 971.8 | 18.2 | 92.6 |
| 36 | A-400 | 70 | C-418 | 30 | Acumer1540 | 2 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 866 | 24.4 | 117.7 |
| 37 | A-315 | 70 | C-523 | 30 | Acumer1540 | 2 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 1105.5 | 25.9 | 113.4 |
| 38 | A-315 | 70 | C-418 | 30 | Acumer1540 | 2 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 1100.9 | 33.3 | 127.4 |
| 39 | A-192 | 100 | - | - | Acumer1540 | 0 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 617.4 | 243.9 | 240 |
| 40 | A-192 | 95 | - | - | Acumer1540 | 5 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 886.0 | 357.5 | 350 |
| 41 | A-192 | 100 | - | - | Acumer1540 | 0 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 738.8 | 364.4 | 380.9 |
| 42 | A-192 | 98 | - | - | Acumer1540 | 2 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 842.9 | 363.1 | 399.1 |
| 43 | A-192 | 95 | - | - | Acumer1540 | 5 | Na2SO4 | 7.5 | 907 | 399.5 | 426.4 |
XX-210＝VINAC 210，在水解度为87-89％的聚乙烯醇存在下聚合的聚乙酸乙烯酯。
C-523＝Celvol 523，水解度为87-89％的聚乙烯醇
A-400＝AIRFLEX 400，在作为保护胶体的聚乙烯醇存在下形成的乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯聚合物。
A-315＝AIRFLEX 315，在作为保护胶体的聚乙烯醇存在下形成的乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯聚合物。
C-425＝Celvol 425，水解度为96％的聚乙烯醇。
C-418＝Celvol 418，水解度为92％的聚乙烯醇。
A-192＝AIRFLEX 192，乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯/N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺聚合物。
在表中的实验1-3用于说明对于本发明各种实施方案的对比。这些结果显示洗剂拉伸强度随着在乳液中存在的结合水的盐的量增加而增加，即硫酸钠。大量盐的问题是与皮肤接触相关的刺激性问题。
实验4-7比较了向共混物中引入低分子量聚丙烯酸以提高湿和干拉伸强度的作用。与实验1相比，实验4表明在洗剂拉伸强度方面的改进以及可接受的湿拉伸强度，即拉伸强度符合可冲洗的条件。实验5显示洗剂拉伸强度显著提高，湿拉伸强度与实验4相似。当共混物中的聚丙烯酸的含量增加到5％时，洗剂拉伸强度和湿拉伸强度提高。当结合水的盐的含量从5％增加到10％时，洗剂拉伸强度提高，但提高幅度不如2％聚丙烯酸含量时显著。
实验8-9和12-15显示与实验4-7相比提高聚丙烯酸的分子量的作用，其中实验4-7中的聚丙烯酸的数均分子量是250,000。结果是相当的，但是随着聚丙烯酸分子量的提高，造成了与洗剂拉伸强度和湿拉伸强度无关的处理问题。
实验23-36显示了在共混物中使用不同的聚乙烯醇与VAE聚合物胶乳的作用，与聚乙酸乙烯酯胶乳的作用比较。Celvol 425PVOH的高水解度倾向于提高洗剂拉伸强度和湿拉伸强度，但是提高幅度比具有低水解度的PVOH小。同样，实验25和26与实验6和7相比，在湿拉伸强度和洗剂拉伸强度之间的区别小于具有低水解度的PVOH。
实验37-38比较了在共混物中使用不同VAE聚合物与使用聚乙烯醇的作用。与使用Airflex 400VAE聚合物乳液相比，使用Airflex 315VAE聚合物乳液倾向于提高湿拉伸强度和洗剂拉伸强度。分别比较实验37和38与实验35和36。
实验39-43显示了向自交联VAE聚合物中加入聚丙烯酸的作用。AIRFLEX192是含有N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺/丙烯酰胺的VAE聚合物乳液。当将聚丙烯酸加入AIRFLEX 192VAE时，湿拉伸强度比对比样品提高。比较了实验40与39和比较了实验42、43与实验41。
Claims (20)
1.包装的预先润湿的可冲洗性湿擦巾，包含非织造纤维的织物，其与水可再分散的聚合物粘结剂在与含有结合水的盐的含水组合物接触时粘合在一起，改进之处在于包括：
使用聚合物组分的共混物作为所述水可再分散的聚合物粘结剂，该共混物由基于干重量的以下组分组成：
(a)65-85重量％的所述水可再分散的胶乳聚合物；
(b)13-30重量％的聚乙烯醇；和
(c)1-7重量％的聚丙烯酸。
2.权利要求1的湿擦巾，其中含水组合物包含40-99重量％的水。
3.权利要求1的湿擦巾，其中水可再分散的胶乳聚合物是通过乳液聚合形成，聚乙烯醇用作用于乳液聚合的稳定体系中的组分。
4.权利要求3的湿擦巾，其中结合水的盐是碳酸、柠檬酸、乙酸、丁二酸、磷酸、硫酸或氢氯酸的铵盐、碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。
5.权利要求4的湿擦巾，其中结合水的盐是硫酸的铵盐、钠盐或钾盐。
6.权利要求5的湿擦巾，其中含水组合物包含80-90重量％的水。
7.权利要求1的湿擦巾，其中水可再分散的胶乳聚合物的存在量是68-78重量％。
8.权利要求7的湿擦巾，其中聚乙烯醇的水解度是75-96％。
9.权利要求8的湿擦巾，其中在共混物中的聚乙烯醇是20-28重量％。
10.权利要求9的湿擦巾，其中在共混物中的聚丙烯酸是2-5重量％。
11.权利要求10的湿擦巾，其中水可再分散的聚合物乳液是聚乙酸乙烯酯。
12.权利要求11的湿擦巾，其中水可再分散的胶乳聚合物是在聚乙烯醇存在下乳液聚合的乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯聚合物。
13.权利要求12的湿擦巾，其中聚乙烯醇的水解度是87-89％和聚合度是600-2500。
14.一种非织造产品，通过用水可分散的聚合物粘结剂粘合非织造纤维的织物形成，改进之处在于包括：
使用由共混物组成的聚合物粘结剂组合物，该共混物由基于干重量的以下组分组成：
(a)90-99.9重量％的可自交联的胶乳聚合物；和
(b)0.1-10重量％的聚丙烯酸。
15.权利要求14的非织造产品，其中可自交联的胶乳聚合物具有-45℃至30℃的Tg。
16.权利要求14的非织造产品，其中可自交联的胶乳聚合物是乙酸乙烯酯基胶乳聚合物。
17.权利要求14的非织造产品，其中可自交联的胶乳聚合物是由乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺的乳液聚合单元组成。
18.权利要求14的非织造产品，其中该共混物包含94-99重量％的可自交联的胶乳聚合物。
19.权利要求18的非织造产品，其中该共混物包含1-6重量％的聚丙烯酸。
20.权利要求14的非织造产品，其中可自交联的胶乳聚合物是由被表面活性剂、保护胶体或者表面活性剂和保护胶体的组合稳定的乳液聚合单体组成。
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| US10/830,558 US7285504B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Wet tensile strength of nonwoven webs |
| US10/830558 | 2004-04-23 |
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| CN1690148A true CN1690148A (zh) | 2005-11-02 |
| CN100350010C CN100350010C (zh) | 2007-11-21 |
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| EP (1) | EP1589138B1 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100699292B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN100350010C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE437260T1 (zh) |
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| CN103180509A (zh) * | 2010-10-21 | 2013-06-26 | 伊士曼化工公司 | 纸板或卡片纸板 |
| CN104136557A (zh) * | 2011-12-07 | 2014-11-05 | 瓦克化学公司 | 经乙酸乙烯酯乙烯共聚物分散体或乙酸乙烯酯聚合物分散体处理的低甲醛含量和高湿强度的纤维无纺基材 |
| CN107936876A (zh) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-20 | 广州旭川合成材料有限公司 | 粘合剂、其制备方法及其涂覆方法 |
| CN108195676A (zh) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-22 | 广州纤维产品检测研究院 | 一种可冲散型湿巾性能的评价方法 |
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- 2005-04-18 DE DE200560015503 patent/DE602005015503D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101319128B (zh) * | 2007-03-01 | 2012-10-03 | 赛拉尼斯国际公司 | 含乳胶加工助剂的盐敏性粘合剂组合物 |
| CN103180509A (zh) * | 2010-10-21 | 2013-06-26 | 伊士曼化工公司 | 纸板或卡片纸板 |
| CN104136557A (zh) * | 2011-12-07 | 2014-11-05 | 瓦克化学公司 | 经乙酸乙烯酯乙烯共聚物分散体或乙酸乙烯酯聚合物分散体处理的低甲醛含量和高湿强度的纤维无纺基材 |
| CN104136557B (zh) * | 2011-12-07 | 2017-03-08 | 瓦克化学公司 | 经乙酸乙烯酯乙烯共聚物分散体或乙酸乙烯酯聚合物分散体处理的低甲醛含量和高湿强度的纤维无纺基材 |
| CN107936876A (zh) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-20 | 广州旭川合成材料有限公司 | 粘合剂、其制备方法及其涂覆方法 |
| CN108195676A (zh) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-22 | 广州纤维产品检测研究院 | 一种可冲散型湿巾性能的评价方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100699292B1 (ko) | 2007-03-26 |
| US20050239359A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
| KR20060047303A (ko) | 2006-05-18 |
| DE602005015503D1 (de) | 2009-09-03 |
| US7285504B2 (en) | 2007-10-23 |
| EP1589138A1 (en) | 2005-10-26 |
| EP1589138B1 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
| ATE437260T1 (de) | 2009-08-15 |
| CN100350010C (zh) | 2007-11-21 |
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