CN1682263A - 电致发光显示器件中的像素结构 - Google Patents
电致发光显示器件中的像素结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提出了一种例如用于彩色矩阵显示单元中的电致发光器件(200)。图像单元包括多个接收到电流能够发光的电致发光子像素(201,202,203)。每个子像素具有一个分解寿命和一个发射区域(211,212,213),并且对于一个图像单元中的任意对第一和第二子像素,第一子像素发射区域和第二子像素发射区域之间的比与所述第一子像素的分解寿命和第二子像素的分解寿命之间的比成反比。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括至少一个图像单元的器件,该至少一个图像单元包括多个电致发光子像素。
背景技术
从二十世纪九十年代早期的发现开始,利用电致发光材料、诸如聚合物的有机材料以及无机材料的发光器件已经有了很多的研究和开发成果。包括这种器件的产品现在变得普遍可以得到。这种产品的例子包括移动通信终端,PDA等,它们装备有单色或彩色矩阵显示器件。
电致发光器件的开发已经取得的主要进步是在驱动电压的降低领域以及增加从电能输入到从器件发出的光能的转换的效率领域。
在具有电致发光的发光二极管的一般的彩色矩阵显示器件中,每个图像单元(像素)包含三个子像素。通过利用不同的材料,诸如聚合物或低分子量材料的有机材料,或诸如磷的无机材料,对于每个子像素有可能产生一个逼真的彩色图像,其中每种材料都能够提供对应于主彩色的波长带中的电致发光。在输入视频或图形信号的控制下对每个子像素进行电驱动,产生每种颜色(即,每个子像素)的一个强度。由子像素输出的光的总和给出像素的总亮度和色调。
但是,已知按照固定亮度的应力(stress)寿命,不同的电致发光材料具有不同的寿命。材料例如,通过光学氧化、电氧化以及分子链再定位进行分解,并导致下降的把输入电能量转换为光通量的效率。不用说,对于分解效果的特定时间量程在电致发光材料中有所不同。
尽管简单的通过考虑包含该材料的器件的亮度变化能够测量电致发光材料的寿命,但是分解寿命也取决于向器件输送电流时在电致发光材料中获得的电流强度。已经发现,在电流强度和寿命之间存在反比关系,即增加向给定有机材料单元中的输入电流两倍,单元的分解寿命也降低两倍。
当构成具有由不同电致发光材料制成的多个子像素的图像单元的彩色显示器时,这些表面上看起来不可避免的分解效果造成严重的问题。该问题依赖于这样的事实,在彩色显示器应用中,比如当给一个计算机或其他个人通信设备提供彩色显示时,保持子像素之间的亮度的长期平衡,从而保持显示器呈现真实彩色和色调的能力是重要的。事实上,包括具有最短的分解时间量程的电致发光材料的子像素因而控制显示器的寿命。
根据现有技术的电致发光显示装置在美国专利6,366,025中公开。对一个图像单元中的R-,G-和B-子像素的发射区域进行选择以补偿具有不同发射效率的子像素,给定一种情况,即提供给子像素的电流使得对所有子像素将电流强度保持在固定的水平。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是克服与现有技术中利用电致发光材料的器件相关的问题。
本发明解决的一个问题是如何延长电致发光器件的分解寿命。或者,换句话说,本发明致力于解决如何防止电致发光器件的图像单元中的一个或多个子像素的过早烧毁,从而延长寿命的问题。
根据本发明的如以下的权利要求所述的解决方案限定为提供一种具有能够保持子像素之间的可接受的亮度平衡的子像素排列的电致发光器件。
更详细的说,根据本发明的一个电致发光器件包括至少一个图像单元,该图像单元包括当接收到电流时能够发光的多个电致发光子像素。每个子像素具有一分解寿命和一发射区域,并且对于一个图像单元中的任一对第一和第二子像素,第一子像素发射区域和第二子像素发射区域之间的比与所述第一子像素的分解寿命和第二子像素的分解寿命之间的比成反比。
因此,本发明的效果是防止电致发光器件中的子像素的过早烧毁。子像素这样排列,从而子像素的发射区域与它们的预期寿命成反比。换句话说,由具有最短分解寿命的材料制成的子像素将具有最大的区域。
本发明的一个优点在于至少根据不同颜色的子像素之间的维持的亮度平衡,获得电致发光器件的延长的寿命,而这与电驱动条件无关。即,本发明提供当子像素经受到电流强度的充分变化时延长的显示器寿命,这也就是在例如包括根据本发明的一电致发光器件的彩色显示单元的常规操作期间的情况。
这种常规操作要求显示图像单元之间的亮度有很大变化的随机图像的显示器的典型使用,并且因为电流强度和寿命成反比,有可能确定区域比,它保持在使用像素的显示器的亮度的整个实质范围上。
在JP10003971的espacenet摘要中,公开了一种具有不同区域的红、绿和蓝子像素的有机EL器件。子像素区域的比没有按照寿命进行选择,而是通过向红、绿和蓝色子像素施加相同的电压进行选择以获得白色。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,考虑到具有至少一对子像素的图像单元,并且子像素的面积使用一个关系式计算:
其中,γ,η和α代表各个材料参数,下标1表示任意第一子像素并且下标2表示任意第二子像素,其中γ参数是一个比例因子,它是一方面由像素的亮度划分的效率和另一方面像素的作为结果的寿命之间固定的比例,η参数是以Cd/A测量的材料的效率并且是在通过一个像素的电流量和产生的光之间固定的比例,并且α参数确定各个子像素的加权因子,或者换句话说由一个彩色像素发出的总的光中,分数α由子像素发出,其中由彩色像素发出的光用Cd表示。
电致发光材料的优选选择包括有机和无机材料。在有机材料中,电致发光聚合物以及低分子量分子是优选的选择。
电致发光器件的有利使用包括照明器件和例如无源或有源类型的矩阵显示单元。
附图说明
现在将按照优选实施例并参照附图说明本发明,其中:
图1示意性示出了一个根据本发明的包括一个彩色显示器件的电子器件。
图2示意性示出了一个包括R-,G-和B-子像素的图像单元。
图3示意性说明了一个包括许多发射子像素区域部分。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的包括一个电致发光彩色显示器件101的电子器件100。器件100有意以普通的方式说明,从而强调这样的事实,即根据本发明的一个显示单元在技术人员实现时可应用于任意电子器件,比如一个计算机或一个通信终端。
一个控制单元102利用存储单元103的内容并通过输入/输出接口单元104的一个连接器108与例如一个外部数据源交换信息。通过一个数据总线107,控制单元102提供信号给行和列信号传输线105、106,输送电流到电致发光器件101的图像单元矩阵110。本领域技术人员能够理解,图像单元110包括许多单独的部件,其中的几个将在下面结合图2进一步论述。但是,为了清楚起见,这里应当指出图像单元110包括电致发光聚合物以及阳极和阴极,例如形成TFT(薄膜晶体管)电路的形成部分。也可以使用一个无源矩阵排列。而且,尽管下面将只描述只有一个聚合物的实现方式,也能够使用其他类型的电致发光材料,并且这些包括有机和无机材料。在有机材料中,除了电致发光聚合物,低分子量分子也是优选的选择。
现在转到图2,将讨论单个图像单元200。一第一子像素聚合物补块201,一第二子像素聚合物补块202和第三子像素聚合物补块203排列在TFT电路(未详细示出)的形成部分的各个第一、第二和第三阳极204、205、206上面并再连接到一个用接口207表示的电路。本领域技术人员将能理解,当构成一个显示器件时,需要附加的电路。但是,这样的电路在本发明的范围之外并将不进一步讨论。
每个像素聚合物补块201,202,203通过相应的阳极204、205、206接收电流。从而各个发射区域211、212、213在补块上获得,提供所需的光发射。
图3说明了包括三个子像素,第一子像素301、第二子像素304和第三子像素302的一个图像单元300的例子。但是,与以上结合图2描述的例子相对照,每个子像素301、304、302包括不同数量的发射区域部分。第一子像素301包括一个发射区域部分301,第二子像素304包括两个发射区域部分305并且第三子像素302包括四个发射区域部分303。
下面,将提出按照本发明根据等效的寿命概念如何得出区域比的一个计算方式。注意,将通过使用三种颜色/子像素符号:R、G和B描述这一公式推导。首先确定例举子像素R、G和B的一个下标i。而且,子像素的面积由Ai确定,限制和(Ai)=A0,其中A0是包括子像素的图像单元的(发光的)总面积。
一个电致发光器件的损耗寿命T与电流强度的比Ii/Ai按以下方式定义,Ii是通过子像素的电流:
其中γ是一个比例因子,它是一方面有像素的亮度分割的效率和另一方面产生的像素寿命之间的比例常数。单位是Ah/m2。换句话说,γ确定寿命
和像素设置的亮度之间的关系。转换到以cd/m2为单位的亮度Bi,我们具有以下关系式:
其中,ηi是以cd/A为单位的器件的效率。
彩色比用:αR:αC:αB定义。
即,α定义各个颜色的加权因子,换句话说,由一个彩色像素发射的总的光量中,分数α由子像素中的一个发出。因此,我们发现:
这导出:
我们想要所有的像素同时衰退,所以设置所有的寿命相等造成对于这些区域的关系为:
这最后的等式只包含材料参数,它能够在一个制造出的器件上进行测量,并且对于任意两个子像素,用数字1和2表示,因此面积比能够因此写为:
因此,总之,提出了一种用于例如在彩色矩阵显示单元中使用的电致发光器件。图像单元包括多个接收到电流能够发光的电致发光子像素。每个子像素具有一分解寿命和一发射区域,并且对于一个图像单元中的任一对第一和第二子像素,第一子像素发射区域和第二子像素发射区域之间的比与所述第一子像素的分解寿命和第二子像素的分解寿命之间的比成反比。
Claims (10)
1.包括至少一个图像单元(110,200,300)的电致发光器件(100,200,300),所述至少一个图像单元包括多个接收到电流时能够发光的电致发光子像素(201,202,203,301,302,304),每个子像素具有一分解寿命和一发射区域,其特征在于对于一图像单元中的任一对第一和第二子像素,第一子像素发射区域和第二子像素发射区域之间的比与所述第一子像素的分解寿命和第二子像素的分解寿命之间的比成反比。
2.如权利要求1所要求保护的器件,其中任一所述子像素发射区域包括多个分立发射区域部分(303,305)。
3.如权利要求1或2所要求保护的器件,其中第一子像素发射区域(A1)和第二子像素发射区域(A2)之间的所述比遵循以下关系式:
其中γ,η和α代表相应可测量的材料参数,下标1表示第一子像素并且下标2表示第二子像素,其中η表示电流转换为光的效率,γ是取决于效率、亮度和寿命的比例因子,并且α是以图像单元的总输出光为单位的由相应子像素发射的部分。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所要求保护的器件,其中所述至少一个图像单元包括三个子像素,所述子像素分别用R-、G-和B-子像素表示,并且其中各个R-、G-和B-子像素的面积AR、AG和AB之间的关系遵从关系式:
5.如权利要求1-4中任一个所要求保护的器件,其中子像素包括电致发光有机材料。
6.如权利要求5所要求保护的器件,其中有机材料包括电致发光聚合物。
7.如权利要求5所要求保护的器件,其中有机材料包括电致发光低分子量材料。
8.如权利要求1-4中任一个所要求保护的器件,其中子像素包括电致发光无机材料。
9.如权利要求1-8中任一个所要求保护的器件,其中该至少一个图像单元被排列以提供照明。
10.如权利要求1-8中任一个所要求保护的器件,其中该至少一个图像单元以彩色显示单元的矩阵结构(101)进行排列。
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CN108807489A (zh) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 上海天马有机发光显示技术有限公司 | 有机发光显示面板和有机发光显示装置 |
CN112889157A (zh) * | 2018-10-22 | 2021-06-01 | 麦克罗欧莱德公司 | 能够日夜显示的显示装置 |
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WO2006109554A1 (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-19 | Pioneer Corporation | 表示パネルおよび表示装置 |
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US6366025B1 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2002-04-02 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Electroluminescence display apparatus |
EP1079361A1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2001-02-28 | Harness System Technologies Research, Ltd. | Driver for electroluminescent elements |
US6747618B2 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2004-06-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Color organic light emitting diode display with improved lifetime |
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CN108807489A (zh) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 上海天马有机发光显示技术有限公司 | 有机发光显示面板和有机发光显示装置 |
CN108807489B (zh) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-08-25 | 上海天马有机发光显示技术有限公司 | 有机发光显示面板和有机发光显示装置 |
CN112889157A (zh) * | 2018-10-22 | 2021-06-01 | 麦克罗欧莱德公司 | 能够日夜显示的显示装置 |
CN112889157B (zh) * | 2018-10-22 | 2024-03-12 | 麦克罗欧莱德公司 | 能够日夜显示的显示装置 |
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