CN1667955A - PLL noise smoothing using dual-modulus interleaving - Google Patents
PLL noise smoothing using dual-modulus interleaving Download PDFInfo
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- CN1667955A CN1667955A CNA2005100669825A CN200510066982A CN1667955A CN 1667955 A CN1667955 A CN 1667955A CN A2005100669825 A CNA2005100669825 A CN A2005100669825A CN 200510066982 A CN200510066982 A CN 200510066982A CN 1667955 A CN1667955 A CN 1667955A
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- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241001274660 Modulus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K23/00—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains
- H03K23/64—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains with a base or radix other than a power of two
- H03K23/66—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains with a base or radix other than a power of two with a variable counting base, e.g. by presetting or by adding or suppressing pulses
- H03K23/667—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains with a base or radix other than a power of two with a variable counting base, e.g. by presetting or by adding or suppressing pulses by switching the base during a counting cycle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/18—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop
- H03L7/183—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between fixed numbers or the frequency divider dividing by a fixed number
- H03L7/193—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between fixed numbers or the frequency divider dividing by a fixed number the frequency divider/counter comprising a commutable pre-divider, e.g. a two modulus divider
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- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention, generally speaking, achieves noise spreading within a PLL using a dual-modulus prescaler by interleaving the division moduli. Within a given cycle, 'ones' and 'tens' are not all counted consecutively. Instead, ones and tens are interleaved. In one embodiment of the invention, the R count is doubled and the output of the R counter is toggled between high and low states. (The Q counter may remain unmodified.) In another embodiment of the invention, ones and tens are interleaved in accordance with a ratio q:r. By so interleaving the modulus, the effect is to spread the noise resulting from the output signal of the dual-modulus prescaler over a wider frequency range. The prescaler noise level is greatly reduced, particularly within the frequency band of the reference frequency.
Description
Dividing an application of application for a patent for invention 00812059.5 (PCT/US 00/20749) that the application is is on July 31st, 2000 applying date, be entitled as " using the staggered PLL noise smoothing of antithesis modulus ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to phase-locked loop (PLL).
Background technology
In fact, all modern signal generators and Wireless Telecom Equipment all are extensive use of PLL.Fig. 1 represents a kind of known PLL.With reference frequency f
InBe applied to phase place or phase/frequency detector, wherein will be according to the output frequency signal f of PLL
OutThe feedback signal that derives is applied to detector.Detector generates an error signal, utilizes loop filter filter error signal.The output signal of loop filter is applied to voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and the latter generates output frequency signal f
OutUsually, able to programmely divide output frequency signal f for one divided by the N counter
Out, to generate a low frequency signals that is applied to detector.Like this, generating one is the output frequency signal of reference frequency several times.Usually realize divided by the N counter with CMOS.
Yet, in very high frequency(VHF) (frequency of using in as cellular radio), the very fast speed ability of quick cmos circuit that surpasses.In this example, use the double modulus prescaler usually, one of them distributes modulus (P) and another to distribute the difference between the modulus (P-1) is 1.In structure shown in Figure 2, at a high speed (as, ECL) low speed of double modulus counter heel is (as, CMOS) programmable counter.The low speed counter controls is via modulus control signal MC, and which modulus in the control double modulus prescaler is effective in preset time.By using many moduluses, obtain the effective divisor in all scopes.
Fig. 3 represents a kind of structure of this type of circuit, and wherein a pair of low speed of double counters heel is (as, CMOS) programmable counter.In the circuit of Fig. 3, the pass of reference frequency and output frequency is:
f＝N·f
in
＝(QP+R)f
in
＝((Q-R)P+R(P+1))f
in
Wherein Q is the merchant of dividing exactly N/P, and R is the remainder of dividing exactly N/P.Value Q is used to preset " ten " counter (so the reason of appellation is that its effect is to multiply by modulus P), and R is used to preset " one " counter (its effect is not to multiply by modulus).Value Q must be more than or equal to value R.By above restriction, be generally P (P-1) for guaranteeing the smallest scale ratio that covering continuously uses the possible integer divisor N of above circuit to realize.
For example, suppose and use 10/11 double modulus prescaler (P=10), and required output frequency is 197 times of reference frequency.By using above-mentioned formula, Q can be 19, and R can be 7.(notice that R＜P always sets up.) above each value is preset in each counter.By a nonzero value is loaded in the R counter, at the beginning of the cycle, the double modulus prescaler is set to divided by P+1.(inverse by reference frequency is determined cycle period.) output of double modulus prescaler is to two counter timing.When the R counter is zero, stop counting, and the double modulus prescaler is set to divided by P.Then only to the timing of Q counter.Fig. 4 represents this type of circulation.When the Q counter is zero, once more initial value is loaded in the counter, and next circulation beginning.
In above circuit, being used to control double modulus prescaler modulus control signal may produce much noise in the frequency band of reference signal, and its reason is that the cycle of modulus signal equals the cycle of PLL reference signal.As shown in Figure 3, perhaps parasitic capacitance is imported this coupling noise to VCO, thereby causes frequency fluctuation.In addition, this noise is input in the double modulus prescaler, can causes that the input impedance of prescaler changes, cause near the frequency pulling of VCO.Shown in the dotted line among Fig. 3,, can cushion the output signal of the VCO that arrives the double modulus prescaler in order to alleviate frequency pulling.Above-mentioned buffered has increased the size and sophistication of PLL.Use various filtering policys to solve above-mentioned noise problem.Effective, the low cost solution of the problems referred to above remain long-standing needs.
Summary of the invention
Generally speaking, the present invention realizes noise transmission by staggered division modulus in the PLL that uses the double modulus prescaler.In period demand, not continuous calculating " one " and " ten ".But staggered one and ten.In one embodiment of the invention, the R counting is doubled the output of counter-rotating R counter between high state and low state then.(the Q counter remains unchanged.) in another embodiment of the invention, according to staggered one and ten of ratio q: r.By the modulus that interlocks in a manner described, reach the purpose of the noise of the output signal generation of in wider frequency range, propagating the double modulus prescaler.Thereby special in the frequency band of reference frequency, reduce the prescaler noise level greatly.
Concrete, the invention provides that a kind of operation has at least one modulus P and controlled multimode is counted the method for prescaler by the conversion of applied frequency signal is counted, comprise: determine at least one integer part Q and a remainder part R of divide operations N/P, the N that wherein required output frequency is the input reference frequency doubly; In at least a portion modulus control signal, make modulus control signal alternate between high state and low state, thereby make the modulus control signal be in the maximum count of given state less than R.
The present invention also provides a kind of multimode to count prescaler and relevant controlling circuit, by being counted, the conversion of applied frequency signal is operated, comprise: first counter, comprise the device that is used to store the first preset count value, be used for the conversion of institute's applying frequency is carried out; And second counter, comprise the device that is used to store the second preset count value, be used for the conversion of institute's applying frequency is counted; Wherein during counting preset count value, at least one described counter generates conversion output signal repeatedly.
The present invention also provides a kind of method that multimode is counted prescaler of operating, comprise: by the selection between at least one first modulus of periodic Control and second modulus, make on one-period, prescaler removes applied frequency signal with first modulus in the first in this cycle, and removes applied frequency signal with second modulus in the second portion in this cycle; And press selection between described at least first modulus of subcycle control and second modulus, make on a subcycle, prescaler removes applied frequency signal with first modulus in the first of this subcycle, and removes applied frequency signal with second modulus in the second portion of this subcycle.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of operating phase-locked loop, phase-locked loop receives a reference frequency and generates an output frequency, this phase-locked loop comprises that a multimode counts prescaler, this method may further comprise the steps: the first that required output frequency is determined one-period, this first is determined by the inverse of incoming frequency, in this first, use first modulus, and determine the second portion in this cycle, in second portion, use second modulus; And control described first or second modulus, in one-period, repeatedly changing modulus, thereby obtain required output frequency.
The present invention also provides a kind of control circuit that multimode is counted prescaler that is used for, and comprising: a R counter to the R counting, and the circulation time that this counter is finished a r counting whenever the r counter is counted once; Q counter to the Q counting, the circulation time that this counter is finished a q counting whenever the q counter is counted once; And a control circuit, this circuit repeats to select to be used for first modulus and second modulus that is used for described q counting of described r counting successively.
The present invention also provides a kind of phase-locked loop, comprising: a reference frequency signal; A detector that is coupled with reference frequency signal; Loop filter with the coupling of the output signal of detector; Controlled oscillator with the coupling of the output signal of loop filter, controlled oscillator generates an output frequency signal; And a frequency dividing circuit, this circuit responds described output frequency signal, generates a feedback signal that acts on described detector, and this frequency dividing circuit comprises: a multimode is counted prescaler; R counter to the R counting, the circulation time that this counter is finished a r counting whenever the r counter is counted once; Q counter to the Q counting, the circulation time that this counter is finished a q counting whenever the q counter is counted once; And a control circuit, this circuit repeats to select to be used for first modulus and second modulus that is used for described q counting of described r counting successively.
Description of drawings
By read following explanation together with accompanying drawing, will understand the present invention more.Wherein accompanying drawing is:
Fig. 1 is to use the block diagram divided by the conventional PLL of N counter;
Fig. 2 is to use the block diagram of the conventional PLL of double modulus prescaler;
Fig. 3 is the detailed diagram of a kind of implementation of circuit shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 4 is a sequential chart, the operation of the PLL of presentation graphs 2;
Fig. 5 represents the principle of the present invention of a certain execution mode according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of the PLL in a certain respect according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a sequential chart, the operation of the PLL of presentation graphs 6;
Fig. 8 is a waveform, and the noise level of conventional PLL circuit is used in expression; And
Fig. 9 is a waveform, and the noise level of this PLL circuit is used in expression.
Embodiment
By changing complicated degree and complexity, can use modulus interleaving technique of the present invention in every way.Fig. 5 represents a kind of simply implementation but effective modulus interlocks.In this implementation, keep Q counting and Q counter constant.The R counting is doubled, and counter-rotating R counter.For example, when counter output kept low state to reach 15 countings, the R counting was generally 15, then this counting is doubled as 30.The output of counter-rotating counter, promptly low 1 counting of state, 1 one countings of high state, 1 counting of low state etc., rather than keep low state continuously.Total result is identical with regular situation-refer again to following formula, and its objective is and utilize 2R/2 to replace R.Its difference is, the power spectrum of the modulus control signal that moves up is with away from the PLL reference frequency.If necessary, also can take same procedure to Q.Generally speaking, (and Q, if necessary), wherein m is the number of the modulus of prescaler can to utilize mR/m to replace R.For double modulus prescaler, m=2.
In other structures, if can then be favourable in the distribution of modulus control signal inner control pulse.Referring now to Fig. 6, the figure shows the block diagram of the PLL circuit of another kind of execution mode according to the present invention.Compare with the PLL circuit of Fig. 2,, revise R counter and Q counter by increasing a r counter and a q counter respectively.Synthetic R counter calculates R tale r simultaneously.Synthetic Q counter calculates Q tale q simultaneously.According to exemplary embodiment, the mode of operation of this device is as follows.
As in prior art circuits, by a nonzero value is loaded in the R counter, at the beginning of the cycle, the double modulus prescaler is set to divided by P+1.The output of double modulus prescaler is to two counter timing.When the r counter was zero, the R counter stopped counting, and the double modulus prescaler is set to divided by P.Then only to the timing of Q counter.When the q counter is zero, once more initial value r and q are loaded in the counter, and next subcycle begins.In the end a sub-cycle period, the R counter counts down is to zero, and after this Q counter counts down is to zero.Fig. 7 represents aforesaid operations, wherein (R, r)=(7,1) and (Q, q)=(8,1).Note that it is 1 that r and q need not, its unique requirement is R≤Q, r≤R, and q≤Q.(r=R and q=Q represent the routine operation method.)
By comparison diagram 8 and Fig. 9, can observe the noise transmission effect of modulus interleaving technique of the present invention.Fig. 8 represents the energy of the signal that exists on the modulus control line according to traditional modulus control setting of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.Except that zero hertz, the noise margin of first noise peak is about-5dbm.Fig. 9 represents the energy of the signal that exists on the modulus control line according to the modulus control setting of the present invention of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.Except that zero hertz, the noise margin of first noise peak is about-25dbm.Therefore, this example reduces 20dB with the noise of the modulus control signal of reference frequency, and this has alleviated the noise problem that runs in the prior art greatly.Note that this method and without any need for add ons or extra filtration treatment.Therefore, can not increase the cost that embodies PLL circuit of the present invention in essence.In addition, can loosen or cancel the buffered requirement of VCO output signal.Note that the high-order multimode prescaler processing that above staggered processing can be expanded to easily such as 3 moduluses and 4 modulus prescalers in addition.
Those skilled in the art are appreciated that and can embody the present invention and not deviate from its essence and substantive characteristics with other ad hoc fashions.Therefore, no matter from that, disclosed execution mode all is illustrative, rather than restrictive.Define scope of the present invention by the appended claims book rather than by above-mentioned explanation, and claims comprise all changes in its implication of equal value and the scope.
Claims (6)
1. a multimode is counted prescaler and relevant controlling circuit, is operated by the conversion of applied frequency signal is counted, and comprising:
First counter comprises the device that is used to store the first preset count value, is used for the conversion of institute's applying frequency is carried out; And
Second counter comprises the device that is used to store the second preset count value, is used for the conversion of institute's applying frequency is counted;
Wherein during counting preset count value, at least one described counter generates conversion output signal repeatedly.
2. operate the method that multimode is counted prescaler for one kind, comprising:
By the selection between at least one first modulus of periodic Control and second modulus, make on one-period, prescaler removes applied frequency signal with first modulus in the first in this cycle, and removes applied frequency signal with second modulus in the second portion in this cycle; And
Press the selection between subcycle described at least first modulus of control and second modulus, make on a subcycle, prescaler removes applied frequency signal with first modulus in the first of this subcycle, and removes applied frequency signal with second modulus in the second portion of this subcycle.
3. the method for claim 2, the wherein said cycle comprises a plurality of subcycles.
4. method of operating phase-locked loop, phase-locked loop receives a reference frequency and also generates an output frequency, and this phase-locked loop comprises that a multimode counts prescaler, and this method may further comprise the steps:
Required output frequency is determined the first of one-period, and this first is determined by the inverse of incoming frequency, uses first modulus in this first, and determines the second portion in this cycle, uses second modulus in second portion; And
Control described first or second modulus, in one-period, repeatedly changing modulus, thereby obtain required output frequency.
5. one kind is used for the control circuit that multimode is counted prescaler, comprising:
R counter to the R counting, the circulation time that this counter is finished a r counting whenever the r counter is counted once;
Q counter to the Q counting, the circulation time that this counter is finished a q counting whenever the q counter is counted once; And
A control circuit, this circuit repeat to select to be used for first modulus and second modulus that is used for described q counting of described r counting successively.
6. phase-locked loop comprises:
A reference frequency signal;
A detector that is coupled with reference frequency signal;
Loop filter with the coupling of the output signal of detector;
Controlled oscillator with the coupling of the output signal of loop filter, controlled oscillator generates an output frequency signal; And
A frequency dividing circuit, this circuit responds described output frequency signal, generates a feedback signal that acts on described detector, and this frequency dividing circuit comprises:
A multimode is counted prescaler;
R counter to the R counting, the circulation time that this counter is finished a r counting whenever the r counter is counted once;
Q counter to the Q counting, the circulation time that this counter is finished a q counting whenever the q counter is counted once; And
A control circuit, this circuit repeat to select to be used for first modulus and second modulus that is used for described q counting of described r counting successively.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US36267099A | 1999-07-29 | 1999-07-29 | |
| US09/362,670 | 1999-07-29 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB008120595A Division CN1207845C (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-31 | PLL noise smoothing using dual-modulus interleaving |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1667955A true CN1667955A (en) | 2005-09-14 |
Family
ID=23427049
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB008120595A Expired - Fee Related CN1207845C (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-31 | PLL noise smoothing using dual-modulus interleaving |
| CNA2005100669825A Pending CN1667955A (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-31 | PLL noise smoothing using dual-modulus interleaving |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB008120595A Expired - Fee Related CN1207845C (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-31 | PLL noise smoothing using dual-modulus interleaving |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1201034A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003506909A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20020019582A (en) |
| CN (2) | CN1207845C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6503000A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001010028A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101436860B (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2011-03-30 | 天钰科技股份有限公司 | Phase-locked loop circuit and corresponding frequency translation method |
| CN107113001A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2017-08-29 | 北欧半导体公司 | Frequency divider |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111478696B (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2024-05-31 | 上海磐启微电子有限公司 | Control method of four-mode prescaler and four-mode prescaler applying same |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3521288A1 (en) * | 1985-06-13 | 1986-12-18 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Arrangement for digital division of an input cycle |
| FR2716053B1 (en) * | 1994-02-09 | 1996-04-26 | Sat | Method for generating a specific frequency by dividing a reference frequency. |
-
2000
- 2000-07-31 JP JP2001513812A patent/JP2003506909A/en active Pending
- 2000-07-31 CN CNB008120595A patent/CN1207845C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-07-31 CN CNA2005100669825A patent/CN1667955A/en active Pending
- 2000-07-31 AU AU65030/00A patent/AU6503000A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-31 WO PCT/US2000/020749 patent/WO2001010028A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-07-31 KR KR1020027001156A patent/KR20020019582A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-07-31 EP EP00952306A patent/EP1201034A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101436860B (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2011-03-30 | 天钰科技股份有限公司 | Phase-locked loop circuit and corresponding frequency translation method |
| CN107113001A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2017-08-29 | 北欧半导体公司 | Frequency divider |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1371549A (en) | 2002-09-25 |
| AU6503000A (en) | 2001-02-19 |
| WO2001010028A1 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
| KR20020019582A (en) | 2002-03-12 |
| CN1207845C (en) | 2005-06-22 |
| EP1201034A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
| JP2003506909A (en) | 2003-02-18 |
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