CN1664151A - High speed steel and its rare earth treating process - Google Patents
High speed steel and its rare earth treating process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-speed steel, which comprises carbon, wolfram, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, manganese, silicon, cobalt, phosphor, sulfur, rare earth and iron. The method is a process of rare earth that used to make said high-speed steel. The method comprises the following steps: adding proportional raw material into furnace to smelt and get smelted water; adding aluminum block into ladle to accomplish deoxidization with precipitation method; pouring-in molten steel to every electrode blank with uniform speed at one time; after casting blank clotting completely, demoulding and making annealing treatment to get electroslag rod; flattening, aligning and cutting rare earth core-spun yarn and then fixing on electroslag rod; mixing and smelting steel slag of fluorspar powder and alundum; pouring liquid slag into crystallizer symmetrically ; smelting and treating hydrogen-diffusion annealing; forging and drawing to get product. The invention has properties of glass hard, red-hardness, simplicity of method, high yield and so on.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rapid tool steel and treatment process thereof, relate in particular to a kind of rapid tool steel and rare earth treating process thereof.
Background technology
Rapid tool steel (abbreviation rapid steel) is as the main raw material(s) of mechanical cutting processing industry, be widely used in making machine tools such as lathe tool, drill bit, milling cutter, broaching tool, especially high-speed cutting machine, hard-cutting material process tool, the market requirement is very wide.At present, China more than 100,000 tons, world's rapid steel aggregate demand can reach more than 300,000 tons to the rapid steel annual requirement.
Rare earth element has the effect of multiple beneficial such as cleaning molten steel, inclusion modification, crystal grain thinning, microalloying in iron and steel, improved the performance of steel, therefore, obtains application to a certain degree in high-grade ferrous materials.At present, China's rare earth is handled steel more than 80 trade mark, 600,000 tons of year productions, widely apply the main steel grade of rare earth to comprise that copper phosphorus is that the serial Hi-Stren steel of weather resisting steel, manganese niobium, X are pipe line steel, Biobium rare-earth Properties of Heavy Rail Steel By, also have Pinion Steel, bearing steel, spring steel, die steel, engineering machinery steel, low-carbon microalloy deep drawing steel, stainless steel and high temperature steel etc. in addition, but the application in rapid steel is less.In addition, because rare earth element is very active, secondly the method for adding rare earth usually is that the rare earth metal rod is hung method to feed the silk method, adds feeding rare earth ferrosilicon alloy cored-wire method in rare earth ferrosilicon alloy method and the bag in the bag.
Very hard high-speed tool steel M42 (international trade mark W2Mo9Cr4VCo8) because it has high hardness, red hardness and wear resistance, is known as " trump rapid steel ", is widely used in materials such as aerospace industry machining titanium alloy, superalloy.But because the M42 rapid steel is very high to the control requirement of tissue, carbide etc., the control difficulty is very big.Adopt rare earth to handle the distribution that can obviously improve its tissue, carbide etc., improve its performance.Therefore, a kind of rapid steel M42 rare earth treatment technology and technology have been developed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is a kind of tissue and the distribution of carbides rapid tool steel and rare earth treating process thereof that can improve rapid steel.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Product of the present invention is a kind of rapid tool steel, be made up of carbon, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, manganese, silicon, cobalt, phosphorus, sulphur, rare earth and iron, its weight proportion is: carbon (1.05～1.15) %, tungsten (1.15～1.85) %, molybdenum (9.00～10.00) %, chromium (3.50～4.25) %, vanadium (0.95～1.35) %, manganese (0.15～0.40) %, silicon (0.15～0.65) %, cobalt (7.75～8.75) %, phosphorus (≤0.03) %, sulphur (≤0.03) %, rare earth (0.02～0.20) % and surplus are iron.
Method of the present invention is a kind of rare earth treating process that is used to make above-mentioned rapid tool steel:
The first step:,, obtain molten steel with smelting in carbon, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, manganese, silicon, cobalt and the iron adding stove in the ratio of above-mentioned carbon, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, manganese, silicon, cobalt, phosphorus, sulphur, rare earth and iron;
Second step: in ladle, add aluminium block 0.4Kg/t, carry out bulk deoxidation, again molten steel is poured into mould, disposablely at the uniform velocity watered every electrode base, treat that strand solidifies the demoulding afterwards fully, obtains electroslag bar after anneal;
The 3rd step: earlier rare earth bundle component wire is flattened alignment, be cut into pieces, and be fixed on the electroslag bar; Electroslag bar places crystallizer central authorities; The lifting electroslag bar is in the crystallizer top; With fluorite powder and aluminium sesquioxide is the steel ingot slag charge, weight ratio in fluorite powder and aluminium sesquioxide is (6～8): the ratio of (2～4), with its mixing, fusing, the addition of steel ingot slag charge is 4%～6% of an electrode base weight, the purity of above-mentioned fluorite powder 〉=95%, SiO
2Content＜3%; The purity of aluminium sesquioxide 〉=98%; After changing the slag end, liquid slag is poured in the crystallizer equably, reduced electroslag bar and energising, when electroslag bar contacts with electroslag, form electric current, begin melting, in the energising fusion process, add aluminium powder 8～12 grams every 8～12min; Esr expands hydrogen anneal process after finishing again, and is last, forging, rolling becoming a useful person.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
The present invention adds trace rare-earth in rapid tool steel, can reach crystal grain thinning, makes carbide even dispersion distribution more, thereby makes rapid steel have performances such as higher hardness, red hardness; Because the present invention has adopted the method for adding rare earth bundle component wire in the esr process, the rare earth addition means is simple to operation, and rare earth is evenly distributed in whole rod simultaneously; And can not cause rare earth a large amount of oxidational losses in being cast into the process of electroslag bar, recovery rate higher (generally can guarantee more than 40%).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallograph of rare earth to the distribution of carbides influence, and the scale lengths table is shown 100 microns among the figure.As we can see from the figure, do not add in the rapid steel of rare earth (RE=0%), eutectic carbides is thick net distribution, and after adopting rare earth to handle, eutectic carbides becomes half tiny net distribution.
Fig. 2 is the cross section metallograph of rare earth to the grain fineness number influence, and the scale lengths table is shown 20 microns among the figure.Fig. 3 is the vertical section metallograph of rare earth to the grain fineness number influence, and the scale lengths table is shown 20 microns among the figure.Can see that from Fig. 2, Fig. 3 do not add in the rapid steel of rare earth (RE=0%), crystal grain is bigger, and size is uneven, and after adopting rare earth to handle, crystal grain attenuates obviously, and size evenly.Measure according to relevant criterion, the grain fineness number among the M42RE is than the little 0.5-1 level of M42 grain fineness number.
Fig. 4 is the metallograph of rare earth to the annealed structure influence, and the scale lengths table is shown 20 microns among the figure.As we can see from the figure, do not add in the rapid steel of rare earth (RE=0%), carbide is thick and reunite together, is thick net distribution; And after adopting rare earth to handle, carbide becomes, and particulate state tiny, disperse distributes.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of rapid tool steel, it is characterized in that being made up of carbon, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, manganese, silicon, cobalt, phosphorus, sulphur, rare earth and iron, its weight proportion is: carbon (1.05～1.15) %, tungsten (1.15～1.85) %, molybdenum (9.00～10.00) %, chromium (3.50～4.25) %, vanadium (0.95～1.35) %, manganese (0.15～0.40) %, silicon (0.15～0.65) %, cobalt (7.75～8.75) %, phosphorus (≤0.03) %, sulphur (≤0.03) %, rare earth (0.02～0.20) % and surplus are iron.Present embodiment can specifically adopt one of following prescription:
1. carbon 1.05%, tungsten 1.15%, molybdenum 9.00%, chromium 3.50%, vanadium 0.95%, manganese 0.15%, silicon 0.15%, cobalt 7.75%, phosphorus 0.03%, sulphur 0.03%, rare earth 0.02% and surplus are iron.
2. carbon 1.15%, tungsten 1.85%, molybdenum 10.00%, chromium 4.25%, vanadium 1.35%, manganese 0.40%, silicon 0.65%, cobalt 8.75%, phosphorus 0.01%, sulphur .01%, rare earth 0.20% and surplus are iron.
3. carbon 1.08%, tungsten 1.65%, molybdenum 9.78%, chromium 4.00%, vanadium 1.00%, manganese 0.20%, silicon 0.55%, cobalt 8.55%, phosphorus 0.01%, sulphur 0.01%, rare earth 0.12% and surplus are iron.
4. carbon 1.12%, tungsten 1.27%, molybdenum 9.35%, chromium 3.75%, vanadium 1.25%, manganese 0.32%, silicon 0.30%, cobalt 8.13%, phosphorus 0.02%, sulphur 0.02%, rare earth 0.04% and surplus are iron.
Embodiment 2
A kind of rare earth treating process that is used to make the described rapid tool steel of claim 1 is characterized in that:
The first step:,, obtain molten steel with smelting in carbon, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, manganese, silicon, cobalt and the iron adding stove in the ratio of above-mentioned carbon, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, manganese, silicon, cobalt, phosphorus, sulphur, rare earth and iron;
Second step: in ladle, add aluminium block 0.4Kg/t, carry out bulk deoxidation, again molten steel is poured into mould, disposablely at the uniform velocity watered every electrode base, treat that strand solidifies the demoulding afterwards fully, obtains electroslag bar after anneal;
The 3rd step: earlier rare earth bundle component wire is flattened alignment, be cut into pieces, its length is isometric with the electrode base or equate substantially, and is fixed on the electroslag bar, and its adding radical can be determined according to the add-on of rare earth; Electroslag bar places crystallizer central authorities; The lifting electroslag bar is in the crystallizer top; With fluorite powder and aluminium sesquioxide is the steel ingot slag charge, weight ratio in fluorite powder and aluminium sesquioxide is (6～8): the ratio of (2～4), with its mixing, fusing, the addition of steel ingot slag charge is 4%～6% of an electrode base weight, the purity of above-mentioned fluorite powder 〉=95%, SiO
2Content＜3%; The purity of aluminium sesquioxide 〉=98%; After changing the slag end, liquid slag is poured in the crystallizer equably, reduced electroslag bar and energising, when electroslag bar contacts with electroslag, form electric current, begin melting, in the energising fusion process, add aluminium powder 8～12 grams every 8～12min; Esr expands hydrogen anneal process after finishing again, and is last, forging, rolling becoming a useful person.
Embodiment 3
A kind of rare earth that is used for is handled rapid steel M42RE, and composition comprises, C, W, Mo, Cr, V, Mn, Si, Co, RE, and its quality proportioning is: 1.05: 1.15: 9.00: 3.75: 1.05: 0.25: 0.15: 7.75: 0.02, P=0.023%; S=0.015%, all the other are Fe.Through the product of above-mentioned production technique manufacturing,
| Quenching temperature, ℃ | ??1170 | ??1180 | ??1190 |
| Grain fineness number, level | ??11.5 | ??11.5 | ??11.0 |
| 545 ℃, 60s, three tempering HRC | ??66.5 | ??67.1 | ??66.2 |
Thinner about 0.5 grade than common rapid steel M42 grain fineness number, the high 0.5HRC of Q-tempering hardness, carbide dispersion distributes.See accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 4
A kind of rare earth that is used for is handled rapid steel M42RE, and composition comprises, C, W, Mo, Cr, V, Mn, Si, Co, RE, and its quality proportioning is: 1.10: 1.50: 9.50: 3.51: 0.95: 0.15: 0.43: 8.23: 0.04, P=0.024%; S=0.012%, all the other are Fe.Through the product of above-mentioned production technique manufacturing,
| Quenching temperature, ℃ | ??1170 | ??1180 | ??1190 |
| Grain fineness number, level | ??11.5 | ??11.5 | ??11.0 |
| 545 ℃, 60s, three tempering HRC | ??67.6 | ??68.8 | ??67.8 |
Thinner about 0.5 grade than common rapid steel M42 grain fineness number, size is more even, and the high 1-1.5HRC of Q-tempering hardness, carbide more disperse distribute.See accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 5
A kind of rare earth that is used for is handled rapid steel M42RE, and composition comprises, C, W, Mo, Cr, V, Mn, Si, Co, RE, and its quality proportioning is: 1.14: 1.51: 9.52: 3.77: 1.15: 0.34: 0.40: 8.27: 0.04, P=0.022%; S=0.012%, all the other are Fe.Through the product of above-mentioned production technique manufacturing,
| Quenching temperature, ℃ | ??1170 | ??1180 | ??1190 |
| Grain fineness number, level | ??11.5 | ??11.5 | ??11.0 |
| 545 ℃, 60s, three tempering HRC | ??68.6 | ??69.5 | ??68.8 |
Thinner about 0.5 grade than common rapid steel M42 grain fineness number, size is more even, and the high 1.5-2HRC of Q-tempering hardness, carbide more disperse distribute.See accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 6
A kind of rare earth that is used for is handled rapid steel M42RE, and composition comprises, C, W, Mo, Cr, V, Mn, Si, Co, RE, and its quality proportioning is: 1.12: 1.44: 9.37: 3.49: 0.91: 0.26: 0.39: 8.28: 0.10, P=0.025%; S=0.011%, all the other are Fe.Through the product of above-mentioned production technique manufacturing,
| Quenching temperature, ℃ | ??1170 | ??1180 | ??1190 |
| Grain fineness number, level | ??11.5 | ??11.5 | ??11.0 |
| 545 ℃, 60s, three tempering HRC | ??67.9 | ??69.1 | ??68.8 |
Thinner about 0.5 grade than common rapid steel M42 grain fineness number, size is more even, and the high 1-1.5HRC of Q-tempering hardness, carbide more disperse distribute.See accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 7
A kind of rare earth that is used for is handled rapid steel M42RE, and composition comprises, C, W, Mo, Cr, V, Mn, Si, Co, RE, and its quality proportioning is: 1.12: 1.50: 9.28: 3.38: 0.89: 0.31: 0.33: 8.06: 0.20, P=0.020%; S=0.008%, all the other are Fe.Through the product of above-mentioned production technique manufacturing,
| Quenching temperature, ℃ | ??1170 | ??1180 | ??1190 |
| Grain fineness number, level | ??11.5 | ??11.5 | ??11.0 |
| 545 ℃, 60s, three tempering HRC | ??67.1 | ??67.9 | ??67.5 |
Thinner about 0.5 grade than common rapid steel M42 grain fineness number, the high 1HRC of Q-tempering hardness, carbide more disperse distribute.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of rapid tool steel, it is characterized in that being made up of carbon, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, manganese, silicon, cobalt, phosphorus, sulphur, rare earth and iron, its weight proportion is: carbon (1.05～1.15) %, tungsten (1.15～1.85) %, molybdenum (9.00～10.00) %, chromium (3.50～4.25) %, vanadium (0.95～1.35) %, manganese (0.15～0.40) %, silicon (0.15～0.65) %, cobalt (7.75～8.75) %, phosphorus (≤0.03) %, sulphur (≤0.03) %, rare earth (0.02～0.20) % and surplus are iron.
2, a kind of rare earth treating process that is used to make the described rapid tool steel of claim 1 is characterized in that:
The first step:,, obtain molten steel with smelting in carbon, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, manganese, silicon, cobalt and the iron adding stove in the ratio of above-mentioned carbon, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, manganese, silicon, cobalt, phosphorus, sulphur, rare earth and iron;
Second step: in ladle, add aluminium block 0.4Kg/t, carry out bulk deoxidation, again molten steel is poured into mould, disposablely at the uniform velocity watered every electrode base, treat that strand solidifies the demoulding afterwards fully, obtains electroslag bar after anneal;
The 3rd step: earlier rare earth bundle component wire is flattened alignment, be cut into pieces, and be fixed on the electroslag bar; Electroslag bar places crystallizer central authorities; The lifting electroslag bar is in the crystallizer top; With fluorite powder and aluminium sesquioxide is the steel ingot slag charge, weight ratio in fluorite powder and aluminium sesquioxide is (6～8): the ratio of (2～4), with its mixing, fusing, the addition of steel ingot slag charge is 4%～6% of an electrode base weight, the purity of above-mentioned fluorite powder 〉=95%, SiO
2Content＜3%; The purity of aluminium sesquioxide 〉=98%; After changing the slag end, liquid slag is poured in the crystallizer equably, reduced electroslag bar and energising, when electroslag bar contacts with electroslag, form electric current, begin melting, in the energising fusion process, add aluminium powder 8～12 grams every 8～12min; Esr expands hydrogen anneal process after finishing again, and is last, forging, rolling becoming a useful person.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN103131933A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-06-05 | 东南大学 | Preparation method of high-speed steel |
| CN103243268A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-14 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | High-quality H13 rear earth mold steel and production method thereof |
| CN103643128A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-03-19 | 铜陵市肆得科技有限责任公司 | High speed steel material for high temperature pump bearings and preparation method thereof |
| CN104818424A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-08-05 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | High-quality H13 rare earth die steel and production method thereof |
| CN107130176A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-09-05 | 蒂思特（苏州）模具材料技术应用有限公司 | A kind of novel high speed Steel material and its preparation technology |
| CN113355584A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-07 | 东北大学 | High-cobalt high-molybdenum superhard high-speed steel and method for improving hot working performance thereof |
| CN113817965A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-21 | 江苏伟建工具科技有限公司 | High-toughness high-speed steel and preparation method thereof |
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| CN85104791B (en) * | 1985-06-19 | 1988-07-20 | 河北省冶金研究所 | High speed tool steel and its process of heat treatment |
| JP2560760B2 (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1996-12-04 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | High speed tool steel |
| CN1013885B (en) * | 1990-07-03 | 1991-09-11 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | Special high-speed containing cobalt and aluminium |
| JPH04111962A (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1992-04-13 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Production of high-speed tool steel |
| JP3149476B2 (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 2001-03-26 | 日立金属株式会社 | Ingot making method of rare earth element containing low nitrogen steel |
| CN1090336A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1994-08-03 | 广西冶金研究所 | High-speed tool steel |
| CN1045634C (en) * | 1997-02-04 | 1999-10-13 | 大连钢铁集团有限责任公司 | General purpose high-speed steel |
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| JP2003313642A (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-06 | Nippon Koshuha Steel Co Ltd | Steel for high-speed tool and manufacturing method therefor |
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| CN103131933A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-06-05 | 东南大学 | Preparation method of high-speed steel |
| CN103131933B (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2015-06-17 | 东南大学 | Preparation method of high-speed steel |
| CN103243268A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-14 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | High-quality H13 rear earth mold steel and production method thereof |
| CN103643128A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-03-19 | 铜陵市肆得科技有限责任公司 | High speed steel material for high temperature pump bearings and preparation method thereof |
| CN104818424A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-08-05 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | High-quality H13 rare earth die steel and production method thereof |
| CN104818424B (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2017-04-12 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | High-quality H13 rare earth die steel and production method thereof |
| CN107130176A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-09-05 | 蒂思特（苏州）模具材料技术应用有限公司 | A kind of novel high speed Steel material and its preparation technology |
| CN113355584A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-07 | 东北大学 | High-cobalt high-molybdenum superhard high-speed steel and method for improving hot working performance thereof |
| CN113817965A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-21 | 江苏伟建工具科技有限公司 | High-toughness high-speed steel and preparation method thereof |
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Address after: 212312 Qianxiang Village, Back Lane, Danbei Town, Danyang City, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Jiangsu Tiangong tools and new materials Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Southeast University Address before: 212312 Danyang City, Jiangsu province Zhen Tiangong group Patentee before: Jiangsu Tiangong Tools Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: Southeast University |
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