CN1656676A - 均衡器状态监视器 - Google Patents

均衡器状态监视器 Download PDF

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CN1656676A
CN1656676A CNA038121409A CN03812140A CN1656676A CN 1656676 A CN1656676 A CN 1656676A CN A038121409 A CNA038121409 A CN A038121409A CN 03812140 A CN03812140 A CN 03812140A CN 1656676 A CN1656676 A CN 1656676A
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monitoring circuit
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阿伦·R·布伊莱特
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/015High-definition television systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03012Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain
    • H04L25/03019Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception
    • H04L25/03025Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception using a two-tap delay line
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03012Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain
    • H04L25/03019Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N17/00Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
    • H04N17/004Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details for digital television systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/14Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region
    • H04N5/21Circuitry for suppressing or minimising disturbance, e.g. moiré or halo
    • H04N5/211Ghost signal cancellation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/12Systems in which the television signal is transmitted via one channel or a plurality of parallel channels, the bandwidth of each channel being less than the bandwidth of the television signal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L2025/0335Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference characterised by the type of transmission
    • H04L2025/03375Passband transmission
    • H04L2025/03382Single of vestigal sideband
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L2025/03592Adaptation methods
    • H04L2025/03598Algorithms
    • H04L2025/03681Control of adaptation
    • H04L2025/037Detection of convergence state

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)

Abstract

一种监视自适应信道均衡器(20)的输出(28),以便确定是否已经达到收敛的系统。限幅器(29)在预定周期期间对来自均衡器(20)的数据采样。来自限幅器(29)的输出数据(30)被传送到微处理器(31),以便对限幅器数据应用测试标准。例如,如果微处理器(31)检测到一种可能发送的符号,则假设已经发生了收敛。如果不满足测试标准,则将复位信号(32)发送到均衡器(20)。

Description

均衡器状态监视器
本申请基于并要求于2002年4月17日提交的相同标题的临时美国专利申请No.60/373155的优先权。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及在接收数字通信信号中使用的均衡器,尤其涉及可以由高清晰电视(HDTV)接收机处理的图像表示信号的自适应信道均衡。
背景技术
图1描述了现有技术HDTV系统21的一部分的示例。在这样的系统中,陆地广播信号1被传送到输入网络,该输入网络包括RF调谐电路14和用于产生IF通带输出信号2的中频处理器16。广播信号1是由HDTV标准大联盟规定的载波抑制的八位残留边带(VSB)调制信号。这样的VSB信号由一维数据符号星座(constellation)表示,其中仅一个轴包含将被接收机21恢复的信号。通带IF输出信号2被模拟-数字转换器(ADC)19转换成过采样(oversample)的数字符号数据流。过采样的数字数据流3被数字解调器和载波恢复网络22解调成基带。
从传送数字信息的符号形式的调制信号来恢复数据通常需要由接收机21执行的三种功能。第一种功能是符号同步的定时恢复,第二种功能是载波恢复(频率解调成基带),最后一种是信道均衡。定时恢复是一种使接收机时钟(时基)被同步为发送机时钟的处理。这允许在最佳点及时对接收到的信号进行采样,从而减少与接收到的符号值的直接判决(decision directed)处理相关的限幅或截断错误。自适应信道均衡是一种用于对改变数字传输信道上的状况和干扰产生的影响进行补偿的处理。该处理通常利用滤波器来消除导致频率依赖、传输信道的时变特性的幅度和相位失真,从而提高符号判决能力。
载波恢复是一种将接收到的RF信号转换成较低的中频通带(通常接近基带)之后再移频为基带的处理,从而允许恢复正在调制的基带信息。将在抑制的载波频率的小导频信号添加到被发送的信号1,以便在VSB接收机21辅助实现载波锁定。响应于包含在信号1中的参考导频载波来实现由解调器22执行的解调功能。单元22产生解调符号数据流4作为输出。
ADC 19用21.52MHz采样时钟(两倍于接收符号率)过采样每秒10.76百万符号输入的VSB符号数据流2,从而提供具有每符号两个样本的过采样21.52M样本/秒数据流。与每符号一个样本相比,使用每符号两个样本方案的优点在于提高了符号定时获取和跟踪,例如使用Gardner符号定时恢复子系统。互连到ADC 19和解调器22的是段同步和符号时钟恢复网络24。网络24检测每个数据帧的重复性数据段同步分量并且将其与随机噪声相分离。段同步信号6用来重新生成适当定相的21.52MHz时钟,该时钟用于控制由ADC19执行的数据流符号采样。DC补偿器26使用自适应跟踪电路从解调的VSB信号4中消除由于导频信号的存在导致的DC偏移分量。场同步检测器28通过将每个接收到的数据段与存储在接收机21的存储器中的理想场参考信号进行比较来检测场同步分量。场同步检测器28也将训练信号提供给信道均衡器34,很快将详细讨论该信道均衡器。在Bouillet等人的、于2002年12月3日发布的美国专利第6490007号(标题为ADAPTIVE CHANNELEQUALIZER),以及Labat等人的、于1999年6月1日发布的美国专利第5909466号(标题为ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER FOR DIGITALCOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS)中公开了自适应信道均衡器的示例。NTSC干扰检测和滤波由单元5执行,在Hulyalkar的、于1996年4月30日发布的美国专利第5512957号(标题为METHOD AND APPARATUS FORCOMBATING CO-CHANNEL NTSC INTERFERENCE FOR DIGITAL TVTRANSMISSION)中公开了其示例。
均衡器34纠正信道失真,但是相位噪声随机旋转符号星座。相位跟踪网络36消除在从均衡器34接收的输出信号中的残留相位和增益噪声,包括未被在前载波恢复网络22响应导频信号而消除的相位噪声。随后跟踪网络36的相位校正输出信号9被单元25格子解码,被单元24去交织,被单元23Reed-Solomon(里德-索罗蒙)纠错并且被单元27解扰。最后的步骤是将解码的数据流10传送到音频、视频和显示处理器50。
信号7被信道均衡器34自适应均衡,该信道均衡器可以以盲、训练和直接判决模式的结合进行操作。均衡器34试图尽可能消除符号间干扰。均衡处理估计发送信号的传输函数,并且对接收到的信号1应用反传递函数,从而减少由改变信号传输信道的信道条件和干扰引起的失真影响。自适应均衡器实质上是自适应响应信道失真的补偿的数字滤波器。如果已知或测量了通信信道的传输特性,则可以直接设置均衡滤波器参数。在调节均衡滤波器参数之后,接收到的信号被传送通过均衡器,均衡器通过将补偿“失真”引入接收到的信号来补偿不理想的通信信道,该接收到的信号往往抵消了通信信道带来的失真。
几种公知的算法可用于适应滤波器系数,并且因此滤波器响应于均衡器的收敛。然而,在大多数情形中,例如在广播时,每个接收机相对于发送机处于唯一的位置。预先并不知道通信信道的特性。在通信信道预先没有定性或者随时间改变的这些情形中,使用自适应均衡器。自适应均衡器具有在接收机中计算出的变化的参数,该参数。自适应均衡器中要解决的问题是如何调节均衡器滤波器参数,以将信号质量恢复到由随后纠错解码可接受的性能级别。在一些自适应均衡系统中,使用定期从发送机发送到接收机的预定参数信号(训练序列)来设定均衡滤波器的参数。将接收到的训练序列与已知的训练序列进行比较,从而推导出均衡滤波器的参数。在连续训练序列上几次迭代来源于适应的参数设置之后,均衡滤波器收敛到趋向于补偿通信信道的失真特性的设置。
在盲均衡系统中,均衡器滤波器参数来源于接收到的信号本身,而不使用训练序列。在现有技术中,众所周知,使用最小均方(LMS)算法来盲目地调节均衡器参数,其中训练符号用硬判决或者原始输入符号的最佳估计代替。以这种方式使用LMS的盲均衡系统被称作直接判决(DD)。DD算法需要对输入信号1进行良好的初始估计。对于大多数实际的通信信道状况,缺乏初始信号估计导致高判决误差率,这导致了连续计算的均衡器滤波器参数继续波动,而不是朝期望的解决方案收敛。在这种情况下这些参数被认为是发散的。
具有无限脉冲响应的自适应信号均衡器可能会发散或者适于无效状态。当均衡器处于发散状态时,它的输出不稳定并且常常不能被其他监视方案检测到。需要一些机制来监视由自适应均衡器产生的输出信号并且检测何时存在那样的发散或无效状况。
解决该问题的现有技术包括监视均衡器输出8的信噪比(SNR)。对于一些发散情形,SNR将会不合理的高。指定最大SNR,并且如果输出信号超过最大SNR,则复位均衡器34。另一种技术是监视前向纠错计数器23(Reed-Solomon解码器)。在一些环境下,当均衡器输出变得不稳定时,错误计数器急剧增加。在这种情形,复位错误计数器并且随后在指定间隔之后对其进行监视。如果在所述间隔期间错误率超过预定阈值,则认为存在发散模式,并且复位均衡器34。这些机制中的一个或两者都可以检测与一些均衡器结构相关的所有发散情形。然而,其他均衡系统的结构能够以发散模式进行操作,该发散模式不能被上述技术中的任一种检测到。因此,需要另一种测试来全面地检验均衡器输出信号的完整性。
发明内容
本发明解决了当根据调制的信号恢复数据时可靠地检测发散或者不稳定的自适应均衡器的问题。本发明的监视器从自适应均衡器的输出信号收集数据样本。随后将该数据发送至限幅器。与监视器连接的存储器包括在接收到的信号中期望出现的每个输出电平的最小阈值数。如果没有满足每个输出电平的阈值数,则复位自适应均衡器并且重新开始自适应处理。对数据进行限幅的好处是简化测试逻辑标准,从而减少相关硬件的复杂性。
附图说明
图1是现有技术高清晰电视接收机的一部分的方框图;
图2是包括根据本发明原理构造的自适应信道均衡器的HDTV接收机的方框图;和
图3是描述本发明的实现的流程图。
具体实施方式
图2描述了HDTV接收机12的一部分,图3图解说明了对应于图2的数据流程图,图解说明了通过图2的系统的数据流。图2和3中的相应元件由相同的附图标记表示,并且将在下面一起讨论。从诸如NTSC同信道干扰抑制网络的HDTV接收机的前一级接收输入信号15。整个通信信道13将系统失真17和噪声18引入信号15。参考图3,将接收到的信号15输入到自适应信道均衡器20,该信道均衡器通常实现为无限脉冲响应滤波器。均衡器20的输出28是到限幅器29的输入信号,该限幅器是“最近元件”判决器件。限幅器29响应于在它的输入端的信号28,并且它的输出30是残留在星座点的网格之内的最近符号值的投影。因此,限幅器29的输出30对应于允许的离散符号值。例如,如果允许发送的符号值是-1和+1,则限幅器将仅输出那些值。因此,例如{0.9,-0.1,0.5,-0.5}的均衡器输出将产生来自限幅器29的输出数据流30{1,-1,1,-1}。类似地,在所示的8-VSB信号的实施例中,允许的符号值是{7,5,3,1,-1,-3,-5,-7}。限幅器29可以是为其数据收集目的而设计的专用硬件电路,或者它可以是被适当编程用来收集和检查有关数据的微处理器。无论如何,限幅器输出数据流30除了被传送到接收机12的后续块(例如相位跟踪环路33)之外,也被耦合到在图2和3中是微处理器31的监视电路31,用以进一步估计。
为了确定是否达到收敛,微处理器31必须检查由在预定时间周期期间聚集的多个限幅样本组成的数据样本。在优选实施例中,所述时间周期必须足以获得大约400000个符号。对于10MHz时钟频率,符号率是100毫微秒,从而聚集数据所需的时间周期是近似40毫秒。对于微处理器31需要附加时间周期来检查所收集的限幅器数据。尽管较少的符号(例如1000)对于确定收敛可以提供统计上有效的样本,但是随着所检查的符号的数量增加,可信度也增加。实际上,均衡器20具有近似200毫秒的时间来达到收敛。如果在该时间过去之后仍未达到收敛,则如在步骤35所示,微处理器31向均衡器20发送复位信号32,检衡器20作为响应开始再次采集。
微处理器31包含或者访问其中存储了所聚集的限幅器数据29和合适的测试协议或标准的存储器。确定收敛时由微处理器31应用的标准可以是变化的并且在某些情形中可以是用户可编程的。由于在测试周期期间聚集了大量的符号,因此一种合适的测试标准是在符号样本中每个可能发送的符号值至少发生一次。也就是,允许的符号值({7,5,3,1,-1,-3,-5,-7})中的每一个在所聚集的400000符号的样本中至少发生一次。如果是这样,则认为均衡器已经收敛。如果不是,则如上所述,将复位信号发送到均衡器。根据所发送的信号的特性,可以修改标准来要求更大量的每个可能符号,或者仅仅是所有可能符号值的某些部分。本领域的技术人员将理解如何估计这些特性和得到用于这些特性的合适标准。
尽管在所示的实施例中,监视电路由以公知方式编程的微处理器31形成,用以执行上述处理并如图3所示,但是本领域的技术人员将理解监视电路也可以被构造成用于执行该处理的专用硬件,包括用于存储被采样的符号和测试标准的独立存储器,或者构造成独立硬件和微处理器的组合。

Claims (23)

1.一种用于确定均衡器(20)的收敛的装置,包括:
均衡器(28)输出信号;
最近元件判决器件(29),该最近元件判断器件(29)接收均衡器(28)输出信号并且产生包含允许符号值的判决器件(29)输出信号;和
监视电路(31),该监视电路(31)接收判决器件(29)输出信号,并且对包含在判决器件(29)输出信号中的数据应用测试标准,从而确定均衡器(28)的收敛。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述均衡器(28)被形成为包括无限脉冲响应滤波器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述最近元件判决器件(29)是限幅器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述监视电路(31)对于表示获取期望数目的被发送符号值的一段预定时间接收判决器件(29)输出信号。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,还包括存储器,该存储器连接到监视电路(31)并用于存储判决器件(29)输出信号和测试标准。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置,其中用于确定均衡器(28)收敛的测试标准包括识别期望的被发送符号值的样本。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其中所述期望的被发送符号值的样本包括全部可能符号值中的至少一个。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述监视电路(31)耦合到均衡器(28),当均衡器(28)发散时所述监视电路(31)复位均衡器(28)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述监视电路(31)耦合到均衡器(28),当均衡器(28)达到无效状态时所述监视电路(31)复位均衡器(28)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述均衡器(28)输出信号包括包含数据分组的图像表示性数据流。
11.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述监视电路(31)是微处理器。
12.一种在数字通信系统中使用的均衡器状态监视设备,所述设备包括自适应信道均衡器(28)、限幅器(29)和监视电路(31),其中所述数字通信系统接收包含有由多级符号星座表示的高清晰视频信息的残留边带调制信号,所述数据具有由连续数据帧组成的数据帧格式,所述自适应信道均衡器(28)生成输入到限幅器(29)的第一输出信号,所述限幅器(29)生成输入到监视电路(31)的第二输出信号,所述监视电路(31)对第二输出信号应用测试标准以便确定自适应信道均衡器(28)的收敛。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中所述监视电路(31)耦合到自适应信道均衡器(28),并且当自适应信道均衡器(28)发散时复位自适应信道均衡器(28)。
14.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中所述监视电路(31)耦合到自适应信道均衡器(28),并且当自适应信道均衡器(28)呈现无效状态时复位自适应信道均衡器(28)。
15.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中用于确定收敛的测试标准需要识别至少一些发送的符号值。
16.根据权利要求12所述的系统,所述自适应信道均衡器(28)还包括无限脉冲响应滤波器。
17.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中用于确定收敛的测试标准需要识别每个可能发送的符号值中的至少一个。
18.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中所述监视电路(31)是微处理器。
19.在包括自适应均衡滤波器(28)的数字通信接收机中,所述自适应均衡滤波器期望达到收敛状态并且不期望达到发散状态或无效状态,一种监视均衡滤波器(28)的状态的方法,包括步骤:
将来自均衡滤波器(28)的输出信号耦合到监视电路(31);
对于一段有限时间周期使监视电路(31)检查包含在输出信号内的数据;
使监视电路(31)将测试协议应用到被检查的数据;和
当测试协议检测到发散状态时使监视电路(31)复位均衡滤波器(28)。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,还包括步骤:当测试协议检测到均衡滤波器(28)已经达到无效状态时,使监视电路(31)复位均衡滤波器(28)。
21.根据权利要求19所述的方法,还包括步骤:
将均衡滤波器(28)输出信号耦合到限幅器(29);和
将限幅器(29)耦合到监视电路(31),从而监视电路(31)检查由限幅器(29)生成的数据。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述测试协议要求检测由限幅器(29)生成的数据内的每个可能发送的符号值,以便发现均衡滤波器(28)已经达到收敛状态。
23.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述监视电路(31)是微处理器。
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