CN1656629A - 燃料电池堆叠的冷却系统 - Google Patents

燃料电池堆叠的冷却系统 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1656629A
CN1656629A CNA038114682A CN03811468A CN1656629A CN 1656629 A CN1656629 A CN 1656629A CN A038114682 A CNA038114682 A CN A038114682A CN 03811468 A CN03811468 A CN 03811468A CN 1656629 A CN1656629 A CN 1656629A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
cooling
fuel cell
fluid
coolant
cooling passage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA038114682A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN100367533C (zh
Inventor
J·H·李
G·W·斯卡拉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motors Liquidation Co
General Motors LLC
Original Assignee
Motors Liquidation Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motors Liquidation Co filed Critical Motors Liquidation Co
Publication of CN1656629A publication Critical patent/CN1656629A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100367533C publication Critical patent/CN100367533C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/08—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0043—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
    • F28D2021/0064—Vaporizers, e.g. evaporators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

提出了一种燃料电池冷却系统(72)，其带有冷却液泵(74)，可通过燃料电池堆叠(70)中冷却液流场通道(76)泵送流体。设有压力控制机构以保持燃料电池堆叠(70)的压力水平，以使冷却液在堆叠(70)中进行相变，允许冷却液在堆叠(70)中相变成气体，减少了冷却燃料电池堆叠(70)所需的冷却液数量，因此减少了泵送冷却液通过燃料电池堆叠(70)所需的能量。

Description

燃料电池堆叠的冷却系统
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及燃料电池，具体地涉及燃料电池堆叠的冷却系统，其允许冷却液在燃料电池堆叠内进行相变，以便减少冷却液循环所需要的泵送能量，并使燃料电池堆叠的各个单元电池内具有更均匀的温度。
背景技术
燃料电池已经作为一种能源用于许多场合。例如，燃料电池已用于电动汽车的发电装置，代替内燃机。在质子交换膜(PEM)型燃料电池中，氢气在燃料电池的阳极，氧气作为氧化剂供应到阴极。氧可以是纯氧形式(O2)或是空气(氧气和氮气的混合物)。PEM燃料电池包括膜电极组件(MEA)，其包括薄的、质子可通过的、非电导的、气体可渗透的固体聚合电解膜，一个表面上有阳极触媒，相对的表面上有阴极触媒。MEA夹在一对无孔导电件或板之间，导电件(1)可用作阳极和阴极的集电器；(2)其中形成适当的通道和/或开口，以分配各阳极和阴极触媒表面上的燃料电池的气体反应物。
术语“燃料电池”一般是指单个电池或多个电池单元(堆叠)，取决于其实际构成。多个电池单元通常连接到一起，以形成燃料电池堆叠。通常设置成电串联。堆叠中的电池单元包括前面介绍的膜电极组件(MEA)，各个MEA提供电压增量。作为示例，美国专利No.5,663,113显示和介绍了电池堆叠中的多个电池的一些典型设置。
夹住MEA的导电板可在表面上设置成排的槽，形成反应物的流场，在各阴极和阳极表面上分配燃料电池的气体反应物(如气态的氢气和氧气)。这些反应物的流场一般包括其间形成多个流体通道的多个凸起，通过这些通道气体反应物从位于流道一端的供应集管流到位于流道相对端的排出集管。
在燃料电池堆叠中，多个电池单元以电串联的方式叠置到一起，同时通过气体不能渗透的导电双极板分开电池单元。在某些情况下，双极板是通过固定一对薄金属片形成的组件。金属片具有在其外表面形成的反应物流场。一般地，内部冷却液流场设置在双极板组件的金属板之间。用于PEM燃料电池的双极板组件的各种示例在共同拥有的美国专利No.5,766,624显示和介绍。
燃料电池堆叠高效和可靠地产生电能。但是，随着电能的生产，燃料电池在电化学反应中损耗，组成堆叠的元件的电阻产生余热(发热)，该热能必须从堆叠中清除，以保持恒定的最佳温度。一般地，燃料电池堆叠的冷却系统包括循环泵，可使单相冷却液循环通过燃料电池堆叠到达热交换器，余热能(即热量)通过热交换器传递到环境中。两种最常用的冷却液是去离子水和乙二醇与去离子水的混合物。这些典型的冷却液的热性质要求有较大的循环数量通过系统以排出足够的余热，以便保持恒定的堆叠操作温度，尤其在最大功率条件下。冷却液循环需要大量的电能，这样就减少了燃料电池能量系统的总体效率。为此，希望减少冷却燃料电池堆叠所需的冷却液数量，从而使所需的泵送能量减少。
发明内容
因此，本发明提供了一种传送冷却液通过燃料电池的冷却系统。该冷却系统包括板，其第一侧面形成反应液的流场，第二侧面形成冷却液的流场。冷却液的流场具有入口和出口通道，带有连接到入口通道的冷却液源。设有压力控制机构，可保持冷却液流场的出口通道的压力处于可使冷却液在冷却液流场中沸腾的水平。允许冷却液在堆叠中相变为气体，使冷却燃料电池堆叠所需的冷却液数量减少。液体相变为气体所需的能量大大高于液体的载热量。结果是，冷却堆叠所需的冷却液数量减少，以及必须泵送通过系统的冷却液数量减少，因为这是系统的寄生负荷(parasitic load)。
本发明能够改进温度的均匀性，提高散热器/冷凝器的效率。
应用本发明的其他领域可从下面的详细介绍清楚了解。应当知道，详细的介绍和特定的示例，尽管是本发明的优选实施例，只是用于说明，不能用于限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
根据下面的详细介绍和附图，可充分了解本发明。附图中：
图1是质子交换膜燃料电池的分解透视图；
图2是根据本发明原理的用于图1所示质子交换膜燃料电池的冷却系统的示意图；
图3用图表显示了水/甲醇冷却液混合物的温度和压力的沸腾曲线关系；
图4是堆叠中冷却液通道的透视图。
具体实施方式
下面对优选实施例的介绍具有示例性的性质，不能用于限制本发明及其应用或使用。
在进一步介绍本发明之前，有必要了解本发明的冷却系统操作的示例性燃料电池系统。具体地，图1示意性地显示了质子交换膜燃料电池，其具有一对膜电极组件(MEAs)4和6，通过无孔的、导电的、液体冷却的双极板组件8互相分开。各个MEA 4和6具有对应的阴极表面4a，6a和阳极表面4b，6b。MEA 4和6及双极板表面组件8在无孔的、导电的、液体冷却的单极端板组件14和16之间堆叠到一起。钢制的夹紧板10，12设置成可密封示例性的燃料电池堆叠。连接件(未显示)连接到夹紧板10和12，提供了燃料电池堆叠的正和负端子。双极板组件8和端板组件14，16包括对应的流场20，22，18和24，分别具有在表面形成的多个流道，可分配燃料和氧化气体(如H2和O2)到MEAs 4和6的反应表面。不导电的垫圈或密封件26、28、30和32在多个燃料电池堆叠的板之间提供密封和电绝缘。
继续参考图1，多孔的气体可渗透的导电片34、36、38和40显示出可压在MEAs 4和6的电极表面上，用作电极的主集电器。主集电器34、36、38、40还提供了对MEAs 4和6的机械支承，特别是在MEAs在流场中没有支承的位置。
端板14和16分别压到MEA 4的阴极表面4a的主集电器34和MEA 6的阳极表面6b的主集电器40，同时双极板组件8压到MEA 4的阳极表面4b的主集电器36以及压到MEA 6的阴极表面6a的主集电器38。氧化性气体，比如氧气或空气，从储罐46通过适当的管路42供应到燃料电池堆叠的阴极侧。类似地，燃料，比如氢气，从储罐48通过适当的管路44供应到燃料电池堆叠的阳极侧。在优选的实施例中，氧气罐46可撤消，可从环境中供应周围空气到阴极侧。同样，可不采用氢气罐48，从重整装置供应氢气到阳极侧。重整装置可从甲醇或液体碳氢化合物(如汽油)通过催化生产氢气。尽管图中未显示，还设置了MEA 4和6的氢气和氧气/空气侧的排放管路，从阳极反应物的流场清除消耗氢气的阳极气体，从阴极反应物流场清除消耗氧气的阴极气体。
设置了冷却液供应管路50，52和54以从燃料电池堆叠的入口集管(未显示)提供冷却液到双极板组件8和端板14及16的冷却液流场。双极板组件8和端板14及16的冷却液流场包括在板8、14和16形成冷却液通道的细长槽56。如图1所示，设置了冷却液排出管路58，60和62排放从燃料电池堆叠的双极板组件8和端板14及16排出的加热的冷却液。
图2是根据本发明的原理的相变冷却系统的示意图。如图2所示，设有燃料电池堆叠70，如图1所示的那种。冷却系统72包括泵74，可通过冷却液通道76向燃料电池堆叠70提供冷却液。在燃料电池堆叠70的排放端设有压力控制阀78，散热器/冷凝器80设置在压力控制阀78的下游，对冷却剂(具有液体和气体混合物的形式)进行冷却，使其冷凝成液体形式，返回到泵74。储罐86设置在泵74的上游，以从泵前面74的冷却液流体中清除气泡。储罐86可选择设置脱水器功能来清除水，如果所选择的流体与水产生负面反应(即当与水混合时所需的性质改变)的话。控制器82用于控制压力控制阀78，对温度传感器84确定的堆叠70的温度作出反应。对压力进行控制，对于测得的温度水平，压力保持在可使堆叠中的冷却液沸腾。控制器82还包括处理器(CPU)或专用电路执行这个功能。
冷却液具有提高的压力离开冷却液泵74，进入燃料电池堆叠70。尽管在堆叠中，一部分冷却液在由冷却液的压力决定的温度下沸腾。如图4清楚的显示，堆叠内的冷却液通道90设计成可容纳某些液体变成气态的膨胀，使双相流的体积流量增加所导致的压降提高最小化。冷却液通道90包括窄的液体入口92和一系列改变方向的曲折的通道部分94a-e，这些通道从入口92到出口96逐渐增大。增大的通道设计可保证均匀的冷却液分布，进而避免了出现冷却液完全沸腾形成热点的区域。冷却液在堆叠中显示出成为液体和气体冷却剂的两相混合物。混合物进入用于控制系统压力的压力控制阀78。接下来，冷却剂进入散热器/冷凝器80，在此冷却剂变回到液体。当离开散热器/冷凝器后，冷却剂返回到冷却液泵74。
本发明通过在堆叠中使液体冷却剂进行相变成为气体，减少了用于冷却燃料电池堆叠所需的冷却液数量。液体变为气体所需的能量远大于液体的载热量。结果是，必须泵送通过系统的冷却液数量减少。因此通常泵送大量冷却液所要求的系统的寄生负荷得到减少。
测试结果显示出水中含40％甲醇的混合物，导致了85千瓦燃料电池能量系统的泵送能量从1000瓦减少到200瓦，其中混合物可在燃料电池堆叠中进行相变。换句话，当冷却液的压力进行调节使一些冷却液在根据本发明的原理的燃料电池堆叠中进行相变时，所需的泵送功率只有1/5。
使用冷却液可沸腾的冷却系统，除了可减少系统寄生损失外，还具有其它优点。这些优点包括改进温度控制、改进温度均匀性，和提高散热器/冷凝器的效率。当液体变为气体，即进行沸腾时，在一定温度下进行。液体的局部压力决定了液体沸腾的温度。因此，控制压力控制阀保持堆叠的预定压降确定了温度梯度，改变冷却循环中的压力将改变堆叠的温度。增加压力将增加堆叠温度，降低压力将减少堆叠温度，堆叠的温度梯度始终保持不变。水和甲醇混合物的压力和沸腾温度之间的关系在图3显示。应当知道，其它具有类似沸腾特性的液体也可使用。
使用可进行相变的冷却液还具有其他优点，可增加将余热排放到环境的散热器/冷凝器的效率。效率的增加是由于冷凝流体的恒定的温度关系。散热器/冷凝器的恒定温度意味着冷却液和用于散热的空气中间的温差得到保证，而不是减少，如进行单相热传递时的情形。冷却液和空气之间的温差是决定散热器/冷凝器效率的主要因素。
本发明的介绍仅仅是示例性的，因此未脱离本发明要旨进行的变化属于本发明的范围。这些变化不应被认为脱离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (16)

1.一种燃料电池堆叠的冷却方法，其中燃料电池堆叠设有冷却液通道，所述方法包括步骤：
泵送冷却液流体通过冷却液通道，所述冷却液流体具有预定压力范围内的预定沸点温度；
保持冷却液通道的压力处于所述预定压力范围，使所述冷却液流体在所述冷却液通道中沸腾；和
冷却所述冷却液流体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述冷却液流体包括水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述冷却液流体包括甲醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述冷却液流体包括甲醇和水的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述冷却液通道从入口端到出口端逐渐变宽，可实现流体到气体的膨胀。
6.一种质子交换膜型燃料电池，包括：
双极板组件，具有内部冷却液流场，带有入口和出口通道；
冷却液源，可传送冷却液到所述内部冷却液流场的入口通道；
压力控制机构，可控制所述出口通道的压力处于预定压力水平，使所述内部冷却液流场中的冷却液在燃料电池的操作温度下沸腾。
7.根据权利要求6所述的质子交换膜型燃料电池，其特征在于，所述内部冷却液流场包括多个细长的冷却液通道。
8.根据权利要求6所述的质子交换膜型燃料电池，其特征在于，所述燃料电池还包括冷凝器，可冷却来自所述压力控制机构的冷却液。
9.根据权利要求6所述的质子交换膜型燃料电池，其特征在于，所述冷却液源包括泵。
10.根据权利要求6所述的质子交换膜型燃料电池，其特征在于，所述内部冷却液流场包括多个冷却液通道，从入口到出口端逐渐变宽，可实现液体到气体的膨胀。
11.一种冷却系统，包括：
热交换器，其中形成冷却液通道，所述冷却液通道具有入口端和出口端；
冷却液源，可传送冷却液到所述冷却液通道的所述入口端；
压力控制机构，可控制所述冷却液通道的所述出口端的压力处于预定压力水平，使所述冷却液通道中的冷却液在冷却系统的操作温度下沸腾。
12.根据权利要求11所述的冷却系统，其特征在于，所述冷却液通道包括多个细长的通道。
13.根据权利要求11所述的冷却系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括热交换器，可冷却来自所述压力控制机构的冷却液。
14.根据权利要求11所述的冷却系统，其特征在于，所述压力控制机构包括压力控制阀。
15.根据权利要求11所述的冷却系统，其特征在于，所述冷却液源包括泵。
16.根据权利要求11所述的冷却系统，其特征在于，所述冷却液通道从入口端到出口端逐渐变宽，可实现液体到气体的膨胀。
CNB038114682A 2002-05-22 2003-05-12 燃料电池堆叠的冷却系统 Expired - Fee Related CN100367533C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/152,858 US6866955B2 (en) 2002-05-22 2002-05-22 Cooling system for a fuel cell stack
US10/152,858 2002-05-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1656629A true CN1656629A (zh) 2005-08-17
CN100367533C CN100367533C (zh) 2008-02-06

Family

ID=29548551

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNB038114682A Expired - Fee Related CN100367533C (zh) 2002-05-22 2003-05-12 燃料电池堆叠的冷却系统

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US6866955B2 (zh)
JP (1) JP4099171B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN100367533C (zh)
AU (1) AU2003233540A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE10392693B4 (zh)
WO (1) WO2003100885A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107302098A (zh) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-27 上海神力科技有限公司 一种流体分配管道横截面渐变的燃料电池堆
CN111322898A (zh) * 2020-03-31 2020-06-23 爱赫德换热系统（无锡）有限公司 一种氢燃料电池用氢气换热器及其使用方法

Families Citing this family (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3625814B2 (ja) * 2002-08-29 2005-03-02 大同メタル工業株式会社 空気吸込み式燃料電池
CN100517831C (zh) 2003-06-24 2009-07-22 松下电器产业株式会社 高分子电解质型燃料电池
TWM248036U (en) * 2003-07-14 2004-10-21 Asia Pacific Fuel Cell Tech Flow field structure of fuel battery
JP2005093349A (ja) * 2003-09-19 2005-04-07 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池の冷却構造
WO2005043666A1 (en) * 2003-11-03 2005-05-12 Greenlight Power Technologies, Inc. An electrochemical cell cooling system
JP4394946B2 (ja) * 2003-12-24 2010-01-06 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池車
US7524575B2 (en) * 2004-06-07 2009-04-28 Hyteon Inc. Flow field plate for use in fuel cells
US7531264B2 (en) * 2004-06-07 2009-05-12 Hyteon Inc. Fuel cell stack with even distributing gas manifolds
US20060008695A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-12 Dingrong Bai Fuel cell with in-cell humidification
US7314680B2 (en) * 2004-09-24 2008-01-01 Hyteon Inc Integrated fuel cell power module
US20060068251A1 (en) * 2004-09-29 2006-03-30 Mongia Rajiv K Fuel cell device for computer systems
US20060088746A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-04-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Passive dual-phase cooling for fuel cell assemblies
US7479333B2 (en) * 2004-12-13 2009-01-20 Hyteon, Inc. Fuel cell stack with multiple groups of cells and flow passes
EP1848051A4 (en) * 2005-01-04 2009-09-02 Nec Corp CASE FOR A FILM PACKED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND FILM PACKED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ASSEMBLY
US20060188763A1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-24 Dingrong Bai Fuel cell system comprising modular design features
US20060263663A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-23 Fowler Sitima R Temperature management of an end cell in a fuel cell stack
US20060286431A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 National Central University Flow channel on interconnect of planar solid oxide fuel cell
EP1925053A1 (en) * 2005-09-13 2008-05-28 Aalborg Universitet Passive coolant recirculation in fuel cells
US20070141420A1 (en) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-21 Voss Mark G Fuel cell thermal management system and method
US7972740B2 (en) * 2005-12-30 2011-07-05 Utc Power Corporation Fuel cell coolant bubble control
KR100745738B1 (ko) * 2006-07-10 2007-08-02 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 유로가 개선된 냉각판
WO2008079143A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-07-03 Utc Fuel Cells, Llc Hydrophobic layer for a fuel cell
JP4469415B2 (ja) * 2007-03-15 2010-05-26 パナソニック株式会社 高分子電解質形燃料電池及びそれを備える燃料電池スタック
DE102007019206B4 (de) * 2007-04-24 2009-11-26 Pierburg Gmbh Wärmeübertragungsvorrichtung
ATE515730T1 (de) * 2007-10-03 2011-07-15 Parker Hannifin Corp Wärmeverwaltungssystem für brennstoffzelle/batterie
DE102007058082A1 (de) 2007-12-03 2009-06-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kühlvorrichtung und Kühlverfahren zur Kühlung einer Brennstoffzelle
DE102007060428B3 (de) * 2007-12-14 2009-05-07 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Verdampfungsgekühltes Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines verdampfungsgekühlten Brennstoffzellensystems sowie seine Verwendung in einem Luftfahrzeug
US7851080B2 (en) * 2008-04-09 2010-12-14 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Battery cooling plate design with discrete channels
DE102008029096B4 (de) * 2008-06-20 2010-04-15 Voith Patent Gmbh Verdampfer für ein Abwärmenutzungssystem
KR100926325B1 (ko) 2009-03-02 2009-11-12 현대산업트라이던트(주) 연료전지스택 냉각장치
KR101240976B1 (ko) * 2010-11-12 2013-03-11 현대자동차주식회사 차량용 연료전지의 냉각 시스템
JP5768882B2 (ja) * 2011-07-05 2015-08-26 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃料電池
FR2980840A1 (fr) * 2011-10-04 2013-04-05 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Plaque pour echangeur de chaleur et echangeur de chaleur muni de telles plaques
JP5943619B2 (ja) * 2012-01-31 2016-07-05 株式会社神戸製鋼所 積層型熱交換器及び熱交換システム
CN102593487A (zh) * 2012-02-09 2012-07-18 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 一种用于全钒液流电池电解液存储装置中的温控装置
EP2645461A1 (de) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Kühlkreislauf zum Kühlen einer elektrochemischen Zelle sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Kühlkreislaufs
DE102012021635A1 (de) 2012-11-02 2014-05-08 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Temperiersysten für eine Brennstoffzelle
CN103762376B (zh) * 2014-01-27 2016-08-24 中国东方电气集团有限公司 燃料电池系统
US20160028096A1 (en) 2014-07-25 2016-01-28 Cummins Power Generation Ip, Inc. System and method for increasing the efficiency for a solid oxide fuel cell system
US10249893B2 (en) 2017-04-26 2019-04-02 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Fuel cell architectures, monitoring systems, and control logic for characterizing fluid flow in fuel cell stacks
EP3677866A4 (en) * 2017-08-29 2021-03-17 Welcon Inc. HEAT EXCHANGER
CN207233917U (zh) * 2017-08-30 2018-04-13 江苏福瑞士电池科技有限公司 一种动力电池温度调节用液体换热板
CN110763049B (zh) * 2018-07-26 2023-08-08 达纳加拿大公司 具有平行流动特征以增强热传导的热交换器
US11050069B2 (en) 2019-08-22 2021-06-29 Doosan Fuel Cell America, Inc. Fuel cell cooler plate
US11211619B2 (en) 2019-10-11 2021-12-28 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Fuel cell architectures, aftertreatment systems, and control logic for exhaust water extraction
KR20230015366A (ko) * 2020-05-22 2023-01-31 애드벤트 테크놀로지스 인크. 고온 고분자 전해질 막 연료 전지 스택의 열 조절 방법 및 장치
CN112768723B (zh) * 2021-01-06 2021-11-26 太原理工大学 一种用于大功率氢燃料电池堆的仿生相变冷却系统及方法
US11728496B2 (en) 2021-03-09 2023-08-15 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Propulsion battery packs with integrated fuel tank mounting systems
US11894588B2 (en) 2021-09-14 2024-02-06 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Fuel cell propulsion system with a fuel cell stack for a motor vehicle and process for controlling a temperature of the fuel cell stack
US11735751B1 (en) 2022-03-21 2023-08-22 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Intelligent fuel cell systems and control logic for smart use of anode header drain valves for FCS bleed and drainage
GB2621415A (en) * 2022-10-25 2024-02-14 Zeroavia Ltd Pumped two-phase fuel cell cooling

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL49872A (en) * 1975-07-21 1978-07-31 United Technologies Corp Fuel cell cooling system using a non-dielectric coolant
US4454720A (en) * 1982-03-22 1984-06-19 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Heat pump
JP3263129B2 (ja) * 1992-06-05 2002-03-04 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池システム
US5736269A (en) * 1992-06-18 1998-04-07 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell stack and method of pressing together the same
KR960704524A (ko) 1993-10-25 1996-10-09 카롤 질레스피 디피신을 함유한 리포좀(liposomal defensins)
JP3214975B2 (ja) 1994-04-25 2001-10-02 旭化成株式会社 アンモ酸化触媒組成物および製造方法
CN1164296A (zh) * 1994-10-12 1997-11-05 H动力公司 使用集成流体控制薄层技术的燃料电池
US6306354B1 (en) * 1996-05-17 2001-10-23 International Fuel Cells, Llc Shift converter
US5769909A (en) * 1996-05-31 1998-06-23 International Fuel Cells Corp. Method and apparatus for desulfurizing fuel gas
JPH10223237A (ja) * 1997-02-06 1998-08-21 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 燃料電池の冷却板構造
US6355368B1 (en) * 1999-11-05 2002-03-12 Plug Power Inc. Cooling method and apparatus for use with a fuel cell stack
US6358642B1 (en) 1999-12-02 2002-03-19 General Motors Corporation Flow channels for fuel cell
JP2001210335A (ja) * 2000-01-31 2001-08-03 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 固体高分子型燃料電池発電装置
US6394207B1 (en) 2000-02-16 2002-05-28 General Motors Corporation Thermal management of fuel cell powered vehicles

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107302098A (zh) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-27 上海神力科技有限公司 一种流体分配管道横截面渐变的燃料电池堆
CN111322898A (zh) * 2020-03-31 2020-06-23 爱赫德换热系统（无锡）有限公司 一种氢燃料电池用氢气换热器及其使用方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6866955B2 (en) 2005-03-15
AU2003233540A1 (en) 2003-12-12
CN100367533C (zh) 2008-02-06
JP4099171B2 (ja) 2008-06-11
US20030219635A1 (en) 2003-11-27
DE10392693T5 (de) 2005-05-25
US20050130003A1 (en) 2005-06-16
JP2005526367A (ja) 2005-09-02
WO2003100885A1 (en) 2003-12-04
DE10392693B4 (de) 2012-12-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN100367533C (zh) 燃料电池堆叠的冷却系统
EP1230702B1 (en) Fuel cell having improved condensation and reaction product management capabilities
EP1686642B1 (en) fuel cell stack and fuel cell system having the same
CN100379065C (zh) 可在低温环境下启动与运行的燃料电池发电系统
KR101433693B1 (ko) 연료 전지 시스템을 시동시키기 위한 시스템 및 방법
US7749632B2 (en) Flow shifting coolant during freeze start-up to promote stack durability and fast start-up
US6967064B2 (en) Co-flow anode/cathode supply heat exchanger for a solid-oxide fuel cell assembly
US8435690B2 (en) Fuel cell stack with coolant pump and fuel cell system using the same
CN2763990Y (zh) 可在低温环境下启动与运行的燃料电池发电系统
CN100544088C (zh) 带有偏移特征的双极板
WO2008023879A1 (en) Fuel cell separator and fuel cell stack, and reactant gas control method thereof
US7309541B2 (en) Fuel cell
CN116344861A (zh) 一种质子交换膜氢燃料电池热电联产系统
Yu et al. Endplate effect in an open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack: Phenomenon and resolution
EP1872429A1 (en) A fuel cell and a method for operating said fuel cell
CN101853957B (zh) 燃料电池系统
JP3477926B2 (ja) 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池
EP1376725B1 (en) Mass flow metering air supply for a solid-oxide fuel cell stack
KR20200134524A (ko) 연료전지 스택
CN1330029C (zh) 燃料电池系统及其中使用的电池堆
Argyropoulos et al. Modeling flow distribution for internally manifolded direct methanol fuel cell stacks
CN100342575C (zh) 一种用于燃料电池的贮氢装置
CN100464449C (zh) 一种可使燃料电池堆在低压或常压下运行的导流极板
CN114335631B (zh) 一种快速低温冷启动燃料电池
KR100563226B1 (ko) 연료전지용 분리판

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
ASS Succession or assignment of patent right

Owner name: GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: MOTORS LIQUIDATION CO., LTD.

Effective date: 20100505

C41 Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model
C56 Change in the name or address of the patentee

Owner name: GENERAL MOTORS CO., LTD.

Free format text: FORMER NAME: GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION

Owner name: MOTORS LIQUIDATION CO., LTD.

Free format text: FORMER NAME: GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION

CP01 Change in the name or title of a patent holder

Address after: Michigan

Patentee after: Motors Liquidation Co.

Address before: Michigan

Patentee before: General Motors Corp.

CP03 Change of name, title or address

Address after: Delaware

Patentee after: GENERAL MOTORS LLC

Address before: Michigan

Patentee before: General Motors Corp.

TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20100505

Address after: Michigan

Patentee after: General Motors Corp.

Address before: Michigan

Patentee before: Motors Liquidation Co.

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20080206

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee