CN1654966A - Transient current measuring method and system for IC chip - Google Patents
Transient current measuring method and system for IC chip Download PDFInfo
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- CN1654966A CN1654966A CN 200510011112 CN200510011112A CN1654966A CN 1654966 A CN1654966 A CN 1654966A CN 200510011112 CN200510011112 CN 200510011112 CN 200510011112 A CN200510011112 A CN 200510011112A CN 1654966 A CN1654966 A CN 1654966A
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Abstract
This invention relates to a transient current test method for chip and its system characterizing in including generating excited graphs based on an excitation restraint grouping the excited graphs and setting up group index, extracting transient waveforms, processing data of the collected transient current and forming data documents and carrying out experimental analysis to the data documents in terms of the needs. This invention expands the function of ordinary IC test devices and sets up a complete flow from the generation of excited graphs to the test and process of data.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the integrated circuit testing field.
Background technology
Along with the raising of integrated circuit complicacy and the application demand of association area, the importance that the integrated circuit (IC) chip real time power consumption is measured in chip design and manufacture process progressively promotes, and the measurement that only averages power consumption, quiescent dissipation can not be satisfied new needs fully.The realtime power information of integrated circuit (IC) chip work provides the valuable reference foundation for chip low power dissipation design, the assessment of password integrated circuit (IC) chip degree of safety, failure analysis.The realtime power that the power consumption image data of high-speed, high precision can be reacted integrated circuit (IC) chip work exactly consumes situation, and for reducing chip power-consumption effectively, the detection chip privacy degrees provides direct analysis authority.
Present integrated circuit test system does not generally possess the test function of momentary current.The testing apparatus that minority has the momentary current measurement capability then costs an arm and a leg.
Excitation generation, data acquisition that general chip current is measured are the independent processes that separates with data processing, between software and hardware with different tool software between the more manual working of exchanges data needs.Lacking an integrated system raises the efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of integrated circuit (IC) chip take advantage of a situation current measuring method and system thereof.
√ measuring method of the present invention is characterised in that: it contains following steps successively:
The 1st step:
The particular constraints that computing machine provides according to the user is that incentives plus restraints produce corresponding excitation figure, a sequence of forming at the excitation vector of each clock period when described excitation figure is meant integrated circuit work, described excitation vector is meant one group of number forming with the value of binary representation of all input pins of integrated circuit, and described particular constraints is meant the value of specific incentives vector certain bits in the excitation figure of the binary representation that the user imports;
The 2nd step:
Computing machine is assigned to all figures that satisfy the one constraint in one group according to above-mentioned constraint simultaneously, and is the corresponding packet index of each set of dispense for each excitation figure distributes a unique index as sign;
The 3rd step:
The collection of transient current waveform, it comprises following steps:
The 3.1st step: computing machine is input to the excitation figure in the integrated circuit automatic testing equipment with textual form;
The 3.2nd step: the said integrated circuit ATE (automatic test equipment) produces corresponding pumping signal according to the excitation graphic file of input repeatedly with the pattern of periodic duty and drives tested integrated circuit (IC) chip work, but the length of a cycle period is less than following oscillographic maximum acquisition time length;
The 3.3rd step: the oscillograph collection that is set to " in real time drainage pattern " is serially connected in the ohmically voltage between the core power end of tested integrated circuit (IC) chip and the chip power that the said integrated circuit ATE (automatic test equipment) provides, again divided by this resistance to obtain tested integrated circuit (IC) chip transient current waveform, simultaneously not only to select suitable waveform to be preserved, also will preserve the waveform of relative trigger signal, described trigger pip is the suitable input signal of tested integrated circuit (IC) chip or the suitable output signal that said chip self produces;
The 4th step:
Computing machine carries out data processing to transient current waveform and the trigger pip waveform that collects from above-mentioned oscillograph, it contains following steps:
The 4.1st step: the extraction of transient current waveform
The 4.1.1 step:
Computing machine is the INF file according to excitation figure and shape information file of trigger pip waveform generation, and it comprises the time span of the above-mentioned waveform that moment that the trigger pip of a series of excitation figure index and each figure correspondence changes and needs are analyzed;
The 4.1.2 step:
Computing machine is input to the above-mentioned INF file that produces the data preprocessing module of the Software tool bag of a called after power consumption wave analyzer;
The 4.1.2 step:
The waveform intercepting that described data preprocessing module is analyzed needs according to above-mentioned shape information file is some independently waveforms, and use according to the index of excitation figure index expansion waveform is named the formation wave file, and then the wave file of corresponding same excitation figure index is merged into one group;
The 4.2nd step:
Described data preprocessing module is calculated the average waveform of the waveform grouping of each excitation figure correspondence, with this transient current curve as each excitation figure correspondence, and with the name of excitation figure index;
The 4.2nd step:
Set up corresponding waveform packetized file according to the excitation figure packetized file that produces in the step 2, the waveform after the grouping is called data file and represents with DTF with the output of CSV form;
The 5th step:
As required above-mentioned data file being done experiment analyzes.
Integrated circuit (IC) chip transient current measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the packetized file of the excitation waveform described in the 2nd step is by directly input of user.
Integrated circuit (IC) chip transient current measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: being input as of described data preprocessing module:
The power data file, the performance number in its two moment of record;
The shape information file, the interval of time range of its recording power situation of change and feature description field thereof and corresponding wave file sampling instant, described feature description field is the index field of corresponding excitation figure;
Packetized file: it has provided the grouping of each power waveform, has described the packet index of each index value correspondence;
The output of described data preprocessing module is above-mentioned data file, and it has provided in the grouping all waveform data of alignment chronologically.
√ measuring system of the present invention is characterised in that: it contains:
Computing machine, its input end receives incentives plus restraints, produces the excitation figure;
Integrated circuit automatic testing equipment, its input end links to each other with the excitation graph text output terminal of aforementioned calculation machine; Its output terminal links to each other with the input end of tested integrated circuit;
Be set to the oscillograph of " drainage pattern in real time ", resistance two ends between the chip power output terminal of its input end and the core power end that is serially connected in tested integrated circuit (IC) chip and said integrated circuit ATE (automatic test equipment) are in parallel, and the output terminal of described oscillographic transient current waveform and trigger pip waveform links to each other with aforementioned calculation machine respective input; Described oscillographic another input end links to each other with the trigger pip waveform output terminal of tested integrated circuit (IC) chip.
Experiment showed, that the present invention has the following advantages:
1. expanded the function of common integrated circuit testing equipment based on conventional equipments such as common integrated circuit testing equipment and high-speed mixing signal digital sampling oscilloscopes;
2. set up a cover and be generated to the entire flow of Measurement and Data Processing, and be integrated in a Software tool bag, reduced operating personnel's workload from the excitation figure;
Native system is applicable to have obvious duty marking signal or enabling signal, based on data processing---particularly the chip transient current of the such Data Stream Processing circuit of crypto chip is measured, native system is designed for the power consumption analysis attack of carrying out the password integrated circuit (IC) chip, for general purpose power collecting certain versatility is arranged also.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 transient power consumption is measured and analysis process figure
Fig. 2 metering circuit schematic diagram
Fig. 3 masterplate file layout example
Fig. 4 packetized file (DVF) example
Fig. 5 data pretreatment process figure
Fig. 6 power consumption difference statistics flow process
Fig. 7 oscillograph sampled result
Fig. 8 totalizer working current curved measurement result (the sampling ordinate is a magnitude of voltage among the figure, and current value needs divided by sampling resistor resistance 20ohms)
Fig. 9 integrated circuit transient current measuring system theory diagram
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of whole Measurement and analysis method.Whole flow process can step as follows:
1. produce the excitation figure.Generate the excitation vector index file simultaneously;
2. testing apparatus debugging;
3. signal measurement and image data;
4. data processing
A) waveform extracting is set up the Wave data file;
B) calculate the current waveform of each excitation vector correspondence;
C) packet.
5. analysis of experimental data
We are integrated in a kit software, called after " PTA (Power Traces Analyzer) " with data generation, the processing section function of above-mentioned measurement-analytical approach.Introduce a step ground implementation method below respectively:
One. the excitation figure generates and the excitation vector index
Two notions are described earlier:
Excitation vector: one group of number that the value of all input pins of integrated circuit (0 or 1) is formed is called an excitation vector.
Excitation figure: form a sequence at the excitation vector of each clock period (being called a bat) during integrated circuit work and be called the excitation figure.The excitation figure can a text form offer integrated circuit testing equipment.Integrated circuit testing equipment can produce corresponding pumping signal according to the excitation graphic file and come chip for driving work.
The user measures in order to reach certain specific test objective often, therefore needs chip to carry out a series of specific tasks under some special operating conditions.So the generation of excitation figure is pointed.The first step of this method is exactly to produce corresponding excitation figure according to the particular constraints that the user provides.In order to guarantee good statistical property, PTA has the function of some groups of arbitrary excitation figures that produce certain constraint.
Concrete constraint type is different because of measuring purpose, in our application system, constraint be the value of some certain bits of input data.
PTA has distributed a unique index as sign for each excitation figure when producing the excitation figure.The excitation figure that will generate again according to constraint divides into groups again simultaneously, and all excitation figures that promptly satisfy a certain constraint are classified as one group, and are the corresponding packet index of each set of dispense.And export corresponding packetized file.Why divide into groups again, be because several excitations of user's proposition sometimes are not mutual exclusions between requiring, may there be the excitation figure that satisfies multiple constraint simultaneously, in order to reach the purpose that makes full use of measurement result, so will all include all excitation figures that satisfy certain constraint in scope of statistics, therefore to after having produced the excitation figure, divide into groups again, make some excitation figure all set up related with all relevant constraints.
Two. the setting of testing apparatus and debugging
The task of our department is that metering circuit and experimental facilities are connected; To encourage figure to import testing apparatus, configuration testing instrument and oscillograph.
1) metering circuit
Measurement scheme adopts resistance sampling method commonly used, and the method that is connected on the resistive voltage difference of power supply and chip chamber by measurement obtains electric current.Fig. 2 is the metering circuit synoptic diagram, the Um oscillographic measurement port of ascending the throne among the figure.Wherein capacitor C is used to suppress the concussion of electric current.The resistance of resistance R and the value of capacitor C are selected by experiment according to chip under test.Should guarantee that signal intensity enough reduces the influence to chip power supply voltage again.
Power supply is wherein provided by tester, or adopts external power supply.
2) testing apparatus configuration
Testing apparatus is used for providing power supply and input stimulus to chip.The 2nd step will establish the level and the temporal constraint of supply voltage and input signal according to the test needs.Consider the power voltage-drop that sampling resistor causes,, introduce noise current and incoming level suitably should be reduced for fear of the input protection diode current flow.
It is correct with excitation figure and the equipment disposition that the checking of testing apparatus operation test procedure imports to configure the back, and chip can operate as normal.
3) oscillograph configuration
Oscillograph is set to " drainage pattern in real time ", does not do wave-average filtering.The output signal of selecting suitable chip input signal or chip self to produce is received oscillographic digital channel as sampling trigger signal.For example, the work enabling signal is arranged as fruit chip, just can be with enabling signal as trigger pip.
Three. signal measurement and data acquisition
After equipment debugging was good, testing apparatus was set to circulating working mode, applied identical activation sequence repeatedly.For the waveform that guarantees to collect can be identified, the big excitation figure of composition that a plurality of excitation figures can be connected together moves together, but the length of a cycle period can not exceed oscillographic maximum acquisition time length.
After testing apparatus was started working, oscillograph began data acquisition, selected suitable waveform to be saved on the oscillograph.Not only to preserve the waveform of Um and also will preserve the waveform of trigger pip.
Four. data processing
From the waveform that collects, intercept out the corresponding part of each excitation figure (or excitation vector).Carry out setting up corresponding relation with excitation figure or vector after the pre-service, form data file, as the sample of analyzing.This part is realized by PTA.
1) waveform extracting
, be the continuous wave intercepting that collects one section one section promptly, and these waveforms and excitation figure separately set up corresponding relation according to the sequential of excitation figure according to the trigger pip waveform.Fig. 5 is the program flow diagram of waveform extracting.
Concrete steps are at first according to excitation figure and shape information file of trigger pip waveform generation (INF file), and the user also can ownly as required edit the INF file.The INF file comprises the time span of the waveform that moment that the trigger pip of a series of excitation figure index and each figure correspondence changes and needs are analyzed.The data preprocessing module of the INF file input PTA that produces, PTA is some independently waveforms according to the information of INF with the waveform intercepting, and names to wave file according to the index of excitation.Each encourages the often corresponding a plurality of waveforms of figure (or vector), therefore need carry out the index expansion according to the index of excitation figure, is the wave file name with the index of expanding, and the wave file of the same excitation figure of correspondence index is merged into one group.
2) calculating of average current curve
Calculate the average waveform of the waveform grouping of each excitation figure (or vector) index correspondence, the waveform that obtains is with the name of excitation figure (or vector) index.So far promptly tried to achieve the corresponding transient current curve of each excitation figure (or vector).
3) packet
Set up the packetized file of waveform according to the packetized file (DVF file) of the packetized file that produces in the step 1 or user's input.Waveform after the grouping can be called data file (DTF) with the output of CSV form.
Provide the inputoutput specification of the data preprocessing module of PTA below.：
The √ input
The input of PTA comprises following several file:
Power data file (Powe rtrace PT): write down each power consumption number constantly.
Shape information file (Wave Information INF): this file can be regarded an annotation file of the PT file of correspondence with it as.Some time ranges wherein are provided---the change of power consumption situation in these time ranges is that the user is concerned about, the interval of sampling instant in the corresponding wave file, the feature description field of these time ranges in addition.These feature description fields are generally the index (index) of corresponding excitation vector.
Packetized file (Dvision File DVF): provided the grouping of each power consumption waveform.Because power consumption analysis all will divide a large amount of power consumption waveforms that obtain in groups according to certain " feature ", again sample is on the same group added up.The DVF file has provided this grouping situation, has described the group number of each index correspondence.
√ output
Data file (Data Table File DTF): this is the form document of a CSV form.File has provided all waveform data in the grouping, and the sequential of these waveforms is alignd.Different Wave datas form a line, and the corresponding same observation of every row constantly.This file can be input to other statistical tool software or mapping software in further handle.
Five. analysis of experimental data
Promptly as required the Wave data that obtains is carried out various analyses at last.The data processing module of PTA has following function:
The data management aspect.
Read in PT and INF file, from the PT file, extract the waveform that INF illustrates, these Wave datas are saved as the internal format data file, be stored in internal database according to the INF file;
According to packetized file to inner packet;
The internal format data are output as dft file;
Internal record is searched, deleted;
The data analysis aspect.
Waveform is on the same group asked its mean value curve;
Ask the peak value of a curve;
Calculate the difference between two curves, promptly ask difference curves;
Certain time point to one group of waveform carries out the correlation analysis of power between processed data, promptly obtains the related coefficient of each sampled point for the operational data that produces waveform, and exports its related coefficient curve;
Can carry out average check, test of hypothesis such as related check to the data of grouping.
In sum, whole integrated circuit transient current measuring system can be represented to represent with Figure 10.Comprise computing machine, integrated circuit automatic testing equipment and oscillograph.
Provide this system of application below a power-consumption balance totalizer chip carried out the example that power features is analyzed:
The design object of tested totalizer is to make its power-consumption balance (promptly input all shows similar variable power to difference), and this chip application can reduce the risk that suffers power consumption analysis in crypto chip.
This integrated circuit (IC) chip core is a dynamic logic totalizer to be measured, adopts the control of asynchronous handshake agreement, begins to calculate at each request signal rising edge, and the negative edge of request signal resets.Chip under test kernel and imput output circuit are powered respectively, are respectively 1.8V and 3.3V.
Test purpose be the check totalizer during operation with the powertrace of reseting period whether with the input data independence.
The generation of excitation vector is that form as shown in Figure 3 by a masterplate of user's initialization (Mask).The 4th row beginning is the customized part of user, and the user is set as 0 or 1 with some position of masterplate, and program will generate the random number that corresponding positions is a determined value.Last character string is a group name.Still the masterplate file with user's input is a foundation after input vector generates, again to its grouping.In actual applications, each input vector 74 duplicate measurementss have all been carried out.As shown in Figure 4, each .dvf file is a grouping among the figure, and the first digit of each row is a group name, and the back is the vector name in the group.
Use IMS XL100 integrated circuit automatic testing instrument as the chip stimulating platform.Connect between the core power of chip and testing apparatus power supply one 20 ohm resistance, shunt capacitance is got 1pf.Because the input of chip is powered separately, so incoming level also is made as 3.3V.All excitation vectors that power supply will produce are formed a big excitation figure.
Select for use Aglient 54833D mixing sampling oscilloscope as data acquisition equipment.Gather the current potential at resistance two ends by two-way 500MHz passive probe.Utilize oscillographic functional operation function to obtain Um.The oscillograph sampling rate is made as 500MHz (2GSa/s), with the computing request-reply signal of totalizer as sampling trigger signal.
Gather the Um waveform in 74 cycles, be stored on the oscillographic hard disk with the CSV form.Fig. 7 is the corresponding signal waveform of an excitation vector (i.e. an additive operation) of oscillograph reality.
PTA carries out pre-service according to the INF file that produces previously to data.Obtain the current waveform of each excitation vector correspondence.Fig. 8 is the Um curve through pretreated some computings.
The analysis of sample data is carried out according to following flow process:
A) the Grade Point Average value of calculating each grouping is formed the average curve of reorganizing.
B) calculate the absolute value of pointwise difference of the average curve of each assembly, obtain difference curves.
C) obtain the maximal value of all difference curves, and the maximal value of obtaining these extreme values is the maximum current difference of tested totalizer.
D) calculate all curves in the chip variance of working stage point not, as the estimated value of measuring noise.
This program provides some small-scale management functions, comprises the merging of DVF file, syntax check of packetized file or the like.And any data can be output as CSV normal data sheet format, and handled by special-purpose graphic package.
Fig. 6 has provided the process flow diagram at the whole PTA of totalizer power consumption difference analysis.Wherein: gather the power consumption curved portion by manually on tester and oscillograph, finishing.
Claims (4)
1. the integrated circuit (IC) chip transient current measuring method is characterized in that, it contains following steps successively:
The 1st step:
The particular constraints that computing machine provides according to the user is that incentives plus restraints produce corresponding excitation figure, a sequence of forming at the excitation vector of each clock period when described excitation figure is meant integrated circuit work, described excitation vector is meant one group of number forming with the value of binary representation of all input pins of integrated circuit, and described particular constraints is meant the value of specific incentives vector certain bits in the excitation figure of the binary representation that the user imports;
The 2nd step:
Computing machine is assigned to all figures that satisfy the one constraint in one group according to above-mentioned constraint simultaneously, and is the corresponding packet index of each set of dispense for each excitation figure distributes a unique index as sign;
The 3rd step:
The collection of transient current waveform, it comprises following steps:
The 3.1st step: computing machine is input to the excitation figure in the integrated circuit automatic testing equipment with textual form;
The 3.2nd step: the said integrated circuit ATE (automatic test equipment) produces corresponding pumping signal according to the excitation graphic file of input repeatedly with the pattern of periodic duty and drives tested integrated circuit (IC) chip work, but the length of a cycle period is less than following oscillographic maximum acquisition time length;
The 3.3rd step: the oscillograph collection that is set to " in real time drainage pattern " is serially connected in the ohmically voltage between the core power end of tested integrated circuit (IC) chip and the chip power that the said integrated circuit ATE (automatic test equipment) provides, again divided by this resistance to obtain tested integrated circuit (IC) chip transient current waveform, simultaneously not only to select suitable waveform to be preserved, also will preserve the waveform of relative trigger signal, described trigger pip is the suitable input signal of tested integrated circuit (IC) chip or the suitable output signal that said chip self produces;
The 4th step:
Computing machine carries out data processing to transient current waveform and the trigger pip waveform that collects from above-mentioned oscillograph, it contains following steps:
The 4.1st step: the extraction of transient current waveform
The 4.1.1 step:
Computing machine is the INF file according to excitation figure and shape information file of trigger pip waveform generation, and it comprises the time span of the above-mentioned waveform that moment that the trigger pip of a series of excitation figure index and each figure correspondence changes and needs are analyzed;
The 4.1.2 step:
Computing machine is input to the above-mentioned INF file that produces the data preprocessing module of the Software tool bag of a called after power consumption wave analyzer;
The 4.1.2 step:
The waveform intercepting that described data preprocessing module is analyzed needs according to above-mentioned shape information file is some independently waveforms, and use according to the index of excitation figure index expansion waveform is named the formation wave file, and then the wave file of corresponding same excitation figure index is merged into one group;
The 4.2nd step:
Described data preprocessing module is calculated the average waveform of the waveform grouping of each excitation figure correspondence, with this transient current curve as each excitation figure correspondence, and with the name of excitation figure index;
The 4.2nd step:
Set up corresponding waveform packetized file according to the excitation figure packetized file that produces in the step 2, the waveform after the grouping is called data file and represents with DTF with the output of CSV form;
The 5th step:
As required above-mentioned data file being done experiment analyzes.
2. integrated circuit (IC) chip transient current measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the packetized file of the excitation waveform described in the 2nd step is by directly input of user.
3. integrated circuit (IC) chip transient current measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: being input as of described data preprocessing module:
The power data file, the performance number in its two moment of record;
The shape information file, the interval of time range of its recording power situation of change and feature description field thereof and corresponding wave file sampling instant, described feature description field is the index field of corresponding excitation figure;
Packetized file: it has provided the grouping of each power waveform, has described the packet index of each index value correspondence;
The output of described data preprocessing module is above-mentioned data file, and it has provided in the grouping all waveform data of alignment chronologically.
4. the method according to claim 1 and integrated circuit transient current measuring system that proposes is characterized in that it contains:
Computing machine, its input end receives incentives plus restraints, produces the excitation figure;
Integrated circuit automatic testing equipment, its input end links to each other with the excitation graph text output terminal of aforementioned calculation machine;
Its output terminal links to each other with the input end of tested integrated circuit;
Be set to the oscillograph of " drainage pattern in real time ", resistance two ends between the chip power output terminal of its input end and the core power end that is serially connected in tested integrated circuit (IC) chip and said integrated circuit ATE (automatic test equipment) are in parallel, and the output terminal of described oscillographic transient current waveform and trigger pip waveform links to each other with aforementioned calculation machine respective input; Described oscillographic another input end links to each other with the trigger pip waveform output terminal of tested integrated circuit (IC) chip.
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