CN1645534A - Method for inspecting a circuit breaker - Google Patents

Method for inspecting a circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1645534A
CN1645534A CN 200510004326 CN200510004326A CN1645534A CN 1645534 A CN1645534 A CN 1645534A CN 200510004326 CN200510004326 CN 200510004326 CN 200510004326 A CN200510004326 A CN 200510004326A CN 1645534 A CN1645534 A CN 1645534A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
measured value
contact
circuit breaker
state
current
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
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CN 200510004326
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
F·J·克伯
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ABB Technology AG
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ABB T&D Technology AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CN1645534A publication Critical patent/CN1645534A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/0062Testing or measuring non-electrical properties of switches, e.g. contact velocity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00Contacts
    • H01H1/0015Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures

Abstract

The present invention reslates to a method for investigating a circuit breaker with a fixed contact and a movable contact, the fixed contact and the movable contact each has a auxiliary contact and a main contact, in which the movable contact is moved by the controled electric motor(4). A switching procedure is carried out with a definable movement profile and recording measurement values during the procedure for the drive current of the electric motor(4) and/or for the distance moved by the movable contact part using a measurement device. The recorded measurement values are used to assess the condition of the contacts or of the transmission chain(6).

Description

Be used to check the method for circuit breaker
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of checking circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
Background technology
Known from document EP 1147531 A1, the current collector of high pressure or medium voltage breaker is by controlled motor, for example drive by stepping motor or servomotor.At this, motor by control unit control and for example transfer of data such as the angular speed of rotor and position give this control unit.Therefore can enough control accurately or regulate motor, and therefore can mobile current collector.
Circuit breaker has the parts that much suffer continuous wearing and tearing.For example be also referred to as the fixed contact of arcing contact and the auxiliary contact of current collector, because the electric arc that the short time produces during switching process and along with the time scaling loss.Also have other, particularly moving-member, the insulating bar that for example bears high mechanical load are increased in the intensity aspect and might suffer damage along with increasing the duration of operation and handling cycle-index.
Summary of the invention
The present invention based on task be to provide a kind of method that allows to utilize simple device check circuit breaker.
This task by have the feature described in the claim 1 be used to check the inventive method of circuit breaker to solve.
Utilize the present invention to stipulate, utilize circuit breaker to carry out and have the switching process of the motion process that can be scheduled to.Circuit breaker with fixed contact and current collector is by the motor driven that can control, and this fixed contact and current collector have an auxiliary contact and main contacts respectively.During switching process by means of the measured value of the displacement of the measured value of measurement mechanism record motor drive current and/or current collector process.Subsequently the measured value that is write down is analyzed.Particularly the measured value that is write down is considered to be used to estimate the state of contact or the state of evaluation chain.
Switching process can relate to the connection process selectively, also be that current collector moves to fixed contact, perhaps relates to cutting-off process, also is that current collector is removed from fixed contact.
The advantage of utilizing expansion scheme of the present invention to obtain especially is, for carry out according to method of the present invention do not need the measuring instrument that adds and need be on circuit breaker to be tested cabling additionally.The drive current of motor is scheduled to by control unit and is advantageously also automatically measured by control unit.The displacement of contact process can be determined by the position of motor rotor indirectly.All measured values to be recorded advantageously carry out record by the control unit of motor.
For the purpose of editing or filing, the measured value that is write down for example can be stored with the form of form or database.Before storage, it is also conceivable that and carry out data preparation, for example discretization of measured value, digitlization or filtration.
When normal operation, when that is to say the operating current that utilizes primary cut-out to be switched on or switched off 1kA for example in high voltage network, the duration of switching process is short comparatively speaking, usually less than 100ms.In a favourable expansion scheme of the present invention, pre-determine and have constant, as to compare the speed of reduction during with normal operation moving process, so that switching process continues the several seconds.This mobile measured value that allows to control more accurately motor and record greater number at a slow speed.
The measured value of the motor drive current that writes down by using is formulated electric current/time chart, obtains analyzing especially intuitively.By formulating the measured value that such chart writes down with diagrammatic representation, consequently not necessarily need store separately with form or database form.In addition, chart makes the operator can compare simple visual inspection.The chart of being formulated is used to estimate the state of contact or the state of chain.
In a favourable expansion scheme of the present invention, measure the pitting of contacts of circuit breaker auxiliary contact by the electric current of being formulated/time chart.At this, pitting of contacts was determined by the moment that the mensuration drive current raises for the first time.
In another favourable expansion scheme of the present invention, by the measured value of the motor drive current that is write down or discern the fracture of the interruption of chain, particularly insulating bar by electric current/time chart of being formulated from motor to current collector.At this, not only can be during switching process with the moving process that underspeeds, and can be when normal operation the record measured value.Particularly when drive current is lower than the critical value of regulation, identify this interruption.
In another favourable expansion scheme of the present invention, the moving process that can be scheduled to have constant motor drive current, the drive current when wherein this drive current is less than normal operation.The value when if the value of this drive current for example is pre normal operation 5% to 20%, be preferably 10%, then switching process continues the several seconds equally, and can write down the measured value of greater number.
The measured value of the displacement of that write down by using or the current collector process of being stored is formulated displacement/time chart, obtains analyzing especially intuitively.Such chart makes the operator can compare simple visual inspection.The chart of being formulated is used to estimate the state of contact.
In a favourable expansion scheme of the present invention, measure the pitting of contacts of circuit breaker auxiliary contact by the displacement of being formulated/time chart.At this, pitting of contacts was determined by the moment of measuring this slope of curve and descending for the first time.
In addition advantageously, in first method step, particularly when pre-determining the slow moving process of speed with reduction and/or the drive current that reduces, circuit breaker to be tested is connected on no-voltage ground.During carrying out, do not produce additional pitting of contacts like this according to method of the present invention.
Advantageously, particularly during the switch operation of the moving process of speed with reduction or the drive current that reduces, carry out dynamic electric resistor and measure to determine the state of auxiliary contact and main contacts.
During dynamic electric resistor is measured, current source is applied on the circuit breaker.Carry out switching process, particularly cutting-off process subsequently.Recorded stream is crossed the measured value of the voltage drop at the measured value of electric current of circuit breaker and/or two ends, switch path during switching process.The measured value that is write down is considered for estimating contacts status.
In a favourable expansion scheme, the analysis of the measured value that is write down is directly finished in the control unit of motor.Therefore can be implemented in the circuit breaker run duration monitors chain constantly, particularly monitors insulating bar.
In another extend type, the measured value that writes down in order to analyze has been installed the independently data processing equipment that is connected with the control unit of motor.At this, for example will be transferred to data processing unit from control unit by the measured value of the drive current of control unit record and/or the measured value of current collector displacement, this data processing unit carries out the formulation of chart.Alternatively, formulate chart and send it to data processing unit in control unit, this data processing unit diagrammatically shows the chart of being formulated or is expressed on the screen.
Substitute and formulate electric current/time chart or displacement/time chart, can also carry out numerical analysis the measured value that is write down.Numerical analysis means, calculates the amount of looking for, the pitting of contacts of for example auxiliary contact from the numerical value of the measured value that write down.Can from the numerical value of the measured value that write down, identify the interruption of chain equally.Such numerical analysis for example can be carried out in control unit or in the data processing unit that connects thereon.
Description of drawings
By means of the accompanying drawing that the embodiment of the invention is shown, the favourable expansion scheme of the present invention, the present invention and improvement project and other advantages are explained in detail and illustrated.
Wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the device that is used to carry out according to method of the present invention,
Fig. 2 shows electric current/time chart,
Fig. 3 shows displacement/time chart, and
Fig. 4 shows the chart that dynamic electric resistor is measured.
Embodiment
In Fig. 1, schematically show the device that is used to carry out according to method of the present invention.Controllable motor 4 drives the current collector of circuit breaker 2 by chain 6.At this, chain 6 also has other parts, for example driver except having the insulating bar that is used for directly driving current collector.Here motor 4 is embodied as servomotor, perhaps motor 4 can also be configured to stepping motor without a moment's thought.
Can consider the high and medium voltage circuit breaker as circuit breaker 2.At this, primary cut-out designs with the operating current that is approximately 600A to 3000A at the operating voltage greater than 100kV.The duration of switching process usually 10 and 100ms between.On the contrary, medium voltage breaker designs with the operating current that is approximately 600A to 4000A at the operating voltage of about 1kV to 100kV.The duration of switching process usually 10 and 100ms between.
Motor 4 is by control unit 8 controls, and this control unit pre-determines the drive current of motor 4.Motor 4 is also given control unit 8 with the angular speed and the location transmission of data, for example rotor.In order to formulate and/or to show and/or export the chart of being formulated, installed the independently data processing equipment 9 that is connected with control unit 8, and control unit 8 transfers data to this data processing equipment 9.
Each position of the rotor of motor 4 is corresponding to a clear and definite position of the current collector of circuit breaker 2.
Figure 2 illustrates electric current/time chart, the variation of this graphical presentation drive current Ia of motor 4 during the connection process.The utilization of connection process has the moving process of the speed of approximately constant and finishes.During with normal operation mutually specific rate reduce, and the connection process, promptly continue several seconds, for example 5 to 10 seconds up to moment T52 from moment T02.At this, be time t and that draw on ordinate is drive current Ia what draw on the abscissa.
Above-mentioned moving process is realized by regulating drive current.Motor 4 is given control unit 8 with the transfer of data of the current location of rotor.Control unit 8 is regulated drive current like this, makes to observe predetermined moving process.Therefore current collector moves to fixed contact with constant speed.
Up to moment T02, circuit breaker 2 disconnects.At moment T02, the connection process begins.Must overcome the frictional force of approximately constant between moment T02 and moment T12, this frictional force is caused by driver, sleeve pipe and the arc control device of circuit breaker 2 in addition.Must obtain and the approximately proportional constant torque of drive current from motor for this reason.This drive current is an approximately constant between moment T02 and moment T12.
At moment T12, these are also referred to as the current collector of arcing contact and the auxiliary contact of fixed contact is in contact with one another.Motor 4 must overcome additional mechanical resistance now.Desired torque and drive current Ia raise.Realize the contact fully of auxiliary contact at moment T22.Frictional force and drive current Ia to be overcome is constant again in the time interval between moment T22 and moment T32.
Be in contact with one another at the main contacts of moment T32 current collector and the main contacts of fixed contact.Motor 4 must overcome other mechanical resistance and desired drive current Ia raises once again.In the contact fully of moment T42 realization main contacts, and frictional force and drive current Ia to be overcome is constant again in the time interval between moment T42 and moment T52.Connect circuit breaker 2 and therefore finish the connection process at moment T52.
The pitting of contacts of auxiliary contact since moment T02 in the time interval of moment T12, that is to say from the connection process and up to the time interval that drive current Ia raises for the first time, determine.More serious pitting of contacts causes the current collector must be through longer displacement up to the Contact Pair contact, and becomes bigger from moment T02 up to the time interval of moment T12.When this time interval surpasses certain, predetermined numerical value, just reach the limit of wear and should change the contact.
Under the new auxiliary contact situation that does not have wearing and tearing, come in contact at moment Tn2.This numerical value is to know in the measurement of carrying out under new state.Pitting of contacts can be quantitatively from time difference T12-Tn2, promptly from moment Tn2 with calculate the time interval between the T12 constantly.Pitting of contacts draws by this time difference and predetermined constant speed are multiplied each other, and current collector moves to fixed contact with this speed.The limit of wear reaches when pitting of contacts is approximately 2 to 3 millimeters usually.
Can identify fault the chain 6 from the size of drive current.If the numerical value of drive current drops to when being lower than predetermined minimum value Imin, this means that so motor 4 must have littler torque.By identifying, there is not to drive the complete chain 6 of the current collector that comprises circuit breaker 2 according to method step of the present invention.Just there are interruption, the fracture of for example insulating bar of chain 6 here.
On the contrary, if the numerical value of drive current surpasses predetermined maximum Imax, motor must overcome the frictional force of increase so.Its possible reason is in chain 6, for example wearing and tearing increase in driver, sleeve pipe or contact track.
When the numerical value of drive current surpasses predetermined maximum, so therefrom identify the wearing and tearing that are positioned in the chain 6 on the predetermined limit of wear.If identify the wearing and tearing that are positioned on the selected limit of wear, the indication that so just can produce corresponding message, for example must safeguard.
Be used for discerning the analysis of drive current size of the fault of chain 6, not only can be by means of at constant airspeed, electric current/time chart of formulating when reducing but also the electric current/time chart that can formulate by means of in normal operation the time at this.
Figure 3 illustrates displacement/time chart, the displacement of this graphical presentation current collector of circuit breaker 2 during the connection process.The moving process that this connection process utilization has the drive current of approximately constant is finished.Compare during with normal operation, reduce with the approximately proportional drive current of the torque of motor 4.The size of drive current is about 100-300A when normal operation.In this example drive current be reduced to the numerical value that is approximately normal when operation 10%, be reduced to about 20A.The duration of therefore connecting process is needed duration when normally moving, 5 to 10 seconds many times for example.
What draw on the abscissa is time t and that draw on ordinate is the displacement s of the current collector of circuit breaker 2.In this example, the displacement s of current collector is determined in the position of the rotor by motor 4 indirectly.Displacement s also can come record by displacement transducer independently.
Be positioned at position S0 up to moment T03 current collector, circuit breaker 2 disconnects on the S0 of this position.Begin in moment T03 connection process.At moment T03 with constantly must overcome constant frictional force in the time interval between the T13, and produce moving of speed with approximately constant.This can go out by the Straight Line Identification with constant-slope in chart.
Be positioned at position S1 at moment T13 current collector, auxiliary contact is in contact with one another on the S1 of this position.Must overcome additional mechanical resistance since moment T13, and move slack-off.Be positioned at the moment T23 of position S2 at current collector, realize contact fully and subsequently moment T23 and in the time interval between the T33 constantly frictional force and speed be constant again.
Be positioned at position S3 and main contacts is in contact with one another at moment T33 current collector.Must overcome other mechanical resistance and move slack-off.Since moment T43, to finish and current collector when being positioned at position S4 when the contact of main contacts, the frictional force of current collector and speed are constant again.Be positioned at position S5 at moment T53 current collector, on the S5 of this position, connect circuit breaker 2.
The pitting of contacts of auxiliary contact since moment T03 and constantly the time interval between the T13, that is to say from the connection process and determine up to the time interval that the slope of curve descends for the first time.When the numerical value S1 that belongs to moment T13 surpassed certain predetermined numerical value, the position of current collector had just reached the limit of wear when this numerical value S1 was given in the auxiliary contact contact.
If contact for example occurs in constantly Tn3 and at position Sn place under the new auxiliary contact situation that does not have wearing and tearing, then pitting of contacts is quantitatively as difference S1-Sn, promptly draw as the displacement between position S1 and the position Sn.
Figure 4 illustrates the chart that dynamic electric resistor is measured during cutting-off process.At this, the moving process that the cutting-off process utilization has speed constant, that reduce carries out.
When dynamic electric resistor is measured beginning, current source is applied on the closed circuit breaker 2 electric current, for example direct current of this current source feed-in approximately constant.During cutting-off process, measure and flow through the electric current I d of circuit breaker 2 and the voltage drop at two ends, switch path.To be called voltage U d corresponding to the voltage drop of the voltage between current collector and the fixed contact below.That draw on the abscissa of chart is time t and that drawing on the ordinate is electric current I d and the voltage U d on circuit breaker 2 that flows through circuit breaker 2.
The variation explanation auxiliary contact of voltage U d during cutting-off process and electric current I d and the state of main contacts.At moment T54 circuit breaker 2 is closed, voltage U d be approximately zero and electric current I d for maximum.
At moment T34, main contacts separates, and voltage U d is with the instantaneous rising of impulse form.At moment T14, the auxiliary contact of fixed contact and current collector separately, voltage U d rises to maximum and electric current I d drops to zero.Be cut off at moment T04 circuit breaker, voltage U d is a maximum and electric current I d equals zero.
Pitting of contacts can be determined from the time interval of moment T14 between moment T04.When this time interval surpasses certain, predetermined numerical value, then reached the limit of wear and should change the contact.
Alternatively, the displacement s of the current collector of circuit breaker 2 can also be drawn on the abscissa.From such chart, can directly read the position that auxiliary contact and main contacts separate.
Dynamic electric resistor is measured the moving process that also can utilize switching process or utilization to have the drive current that reduces and is carried out when normal operation.
List of numerals
2: breaker
4: motor
6: chain
8: control module
9: data processing equipment
Ia: drive current
Imax: maximum current
Imin: minimum current
T: time
T02, T03, T04: circuit breaker disconnects
T12, T13: the moment of auxiliary contact contact
T22, T23: the moment that auxiliary contact contacts fully
T32, T33: the moment of main contacts contact
T42, T43: the moment that main contacts contacts fully
T52, T53, T54: closing of power circuit breaker
Tn2, Tn3: auxiliary contact does not have the moment of wearing and tearing contact
T14: the moment that auxiliary contact separates
T34: the moment that main contacts separates
S: displacement
S0: the position when circuit breaker disconnects
S1: the position during the auxiliary contact contact
S2: the position when auxiliary contact contacts fully
S3: the position during the main contacts contact
S4: the position when main contacts contacts fully
S5: the position during closing of power circuit breaker
Sn: the position when auxiliary contact does not have the wearing and tearing contact
Ud: the voltage on the circuit breaker
Id: the electric current that flows through circuit breaker

Claims (16)

1. be used to check the circuit breaker that has at least one fixed contact and have at least one current collector, (2) method, described current collector is by controllable motor, (4) move, wherein said fixed contact and described current collector have an auxiliary contact and a main contacts separately, wherein the moving process that can be scheduled to of switching process utilization is carried out, and wherein during described switching process, write down described motor by measurement mechanism, the measured value of the displacement of the measured value of drive current (4) and/or described current collector process
It is characterized in that,
The measured value that write down considered the state that is used to estimate the state of described contact or is used to estimate chain (6).
2. according to the method for claim 1,
It is characterized in that,
Before estimating, the measured value that is write down directly or after data preparation is stored.
3. according to the method for claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that,
Pre-determine and have moving process approximately constant, the low speed of comparing during with normal operation.
4. the method that one of requires according to aforesaid right,
It is characterized in that,
Measured value with the drive current of the described motor (4) that is write down or stored is formulated electric current/time chart, as to the evaluation of the state of described contact or to the evaluation of the state of described chain (6).
5. according to the method for claim 4,
It is characterized in that,
By electric current/time chart of being formulated, particularly determine the pitting of contacts of described auxiliary contact by measuring moment that described drive current raises for the first time.
6. according to the method for claim 4 or 5,
It is characterized in that,
By electric current/time chart of being formulated, particularly when being lower than determined drive current limiting value, discern the fracture of the interruption of described chain (6), particularly insulating bar.
7. according to the method for claim 4 or 5,
It is characterized in that,
By electric current/time chart of being formulated, particularly when surpassing determined drive current limiting value, discern the wearing and tearing that are positioned in the described chain (6) on the predetermined limit of wear.
8. according to the method for claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that,
Pre-determine have approximately constant, the time compare the moving process of less drive current with normal operation.
9. according to the method for claim 1,2 or 8,
It is characterized in that,
Measured value with the displacement of the described current collector process that is write down or stored is formulated displacement/time chart, as the evaluation to the state of described contact.
10. according to the method for claim 9,
It is characterized in that,
Determine the pitting of contacts of described auxiliary contact by displacement/time chart of being formulated, moment of particularly descending for the first time by the slope of curve of measuring displacement/time chart.
11. according to the method for one of aforesaid right requirement,
It is characterized in that,
As first method step, described circuit breaker (2) is connected on no-voltage ground.
12. according to the method for claim 11,
It is characterized in that,
Additionally carrying out dynamic electric resistor during switching process measures.
13. according to the method for claim 12,
It is characterized in that,
Described dynamic electric resistor measurement may further comprise the steps:
-current source is applied on the described circuit breaker (2),
-cross the measured value of electric current of described circuit breaker (2) and/or the measured value of the voltage drop on the switch path at recorded stream during the switching process, and
-measured value that write down is considered to be used to estimate the state of described contact.
14. according to the method for one of aforesaid right requirement,
It is characterized in that,
Described measured value carries out record by the control unit (8) of described motor (4).
15. according to the method for one of aforesaid right requirement,
It is characterized in that,
The storage of the measured value of in the control unit (8) of described motor (4), carrying out data preparation and/or being write down and/or to the evaluation of the state of described contact and/or to the evaluation of the state of described chain (6).
16. according to the method for one of aforesaid right requirement,
It is characterized in that,
With data processing equipment (9) that the control unit (8) of described motor (4) is connected in carry out data preparation and/or the storage of the measured value that write down and/or to the evaluation of the state of described contact and/or to the evaluation of the state of described chain (6).
CN 200510004326 2004-01-15 2005-01-14 Method for inspecting a circuit breaker Pending CN1645534A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004002173.2 2004-01-15
DE200410002173 DE102004002173A1 (en) 2004-01-15 2004-01-15 Method for testing a circuit breaker

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1645534A true CN1645534A (en) 2005-07-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN 200510004326 Pending CN1645534A (en) 2004-01-15 2005-01-14 Method for inspecting a circuit breaker

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1555683A1 (en)
CN (1) CN1645534A (en)
DE (1) DE102004002173A1 (en)

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CN102183728B (en) * 2011-02-23 2013-10-09 国家电网公司 Method for detecting electrical state of high-voltage circuit breaker
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CN103389416B (en) * 2012-05-10 2016-07-06 欧米克朗电子仪器有限公司 The resistance measurement of the switch contact of circuit-breaker
CN110192115A (en) * 2017-06-19 2019-08-30 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 Method and apparatus for monitoring breaker and the Internet of Things using this method and device
CN108716988A (en) * 2018-05-29 2018-10-30 北京平高清大科技发展有限公司 A kind of high-tension switch gear machine performance monitoring method and device

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