CN1639548A - 用于传导限位开关的现场设备电子装置 - Google Patents

用于传导限位开关的现场设备电子装置 Download PDF

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CN1639548A
CN1639548A CNA038056674A CN03805667A CN1639548A CN 1639548 A CN1639548 A CN 1639548A CN A038056674 A CNA038056674 A CN A038056674A CN 03805667 A CN03805667 A CN 03805667A CN 1639548 A CN1639548 A CN 1639548A
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汉斯-约尔格·弗洛伦茨
克莱门斯·海利希
阿明·韦内特
卡伊·厄普彭坎普
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/80Arrangements for signal processing
    • G01F23/802Particular electronic circuits for digital processing equipment
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/24Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
    • G01F23/241Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid for discrete levels
    • G01F23/243Schematic arrangements of probes combined with measuring circuits
    • G01F23/244Schematic arrangements of probes combined with measuring circuits comprising oscillating circuits
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/04Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by dip members, e.g. dip-sticks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/24Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
    • G01F23/241Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid for discrete levels
    • G01F23/243Schematic arrangements of probes combined with measuring circuits
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • G01F23/263Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
    • G01F23/266Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors measuring circuits therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F25/00Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
    • G01F25/20Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of apparatus for measuring liquid level

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Abstract

本发明涉及用于传导限位开关的现场设备电子装置,该电子装置具有传导探针(3)和包括控制/评估电路(1)的测量电路。根据本发明,在测量电路中提供测量桥接电路(2),其中提供至少一个耦合电容器(C2)用于将传导探针(3)与测量电路直流隔离,并且其中至少一个耦合电容器(C2)集成到该测量桥接电路(2)。

Description

用于传导限位开关的现场设备电子装置
根据权利要求1的前序部分,本发明涉及用于传导限位开关的现场设备电子装置。
多年以来,已经了解了用于在液体中测量限位的传导现场设备。在这些现场设备中,测量伸入到容器中的传导探针和容器壁之间的或者探针的两个电极之间的欧姆电阻或电导。如果传导介质在传导探针和容器壁之间或者在探针的两个电极之间形成了电气连接,如同可能出现的情况,则显著地降低了测得的欧姆电阻。
用于测量该欧姆电阻的最简单的可能是在探针电路上施加DC电压,并且随后测量流过探针的电流。然而,该方法有两个缺陷,一个是持续流动的DC电流可以引起传导探针棒或者容器壁的腐蚀,另一个是传导探针棒和容器壁可以形成原电池,并且因此产生了叠加到测量电流上的电流,从而破坏了测量结果。由于这些原因,更加明智的是使用交变电压进行测量,由此借助于电容器,将探针电路(并且因此将该过程)从测量电路完全直流隔离变为可能。直到现在,使用相对复杂的模拟技术实现这种电路。
本发明的目标在于提供具有简单结构和良好干扰变量补偿的、用于传导限位开关的现场设备电子装置。
通过权利要求1的特征根据本发明实现了该目标。从属权利要求涉及本发明的有利的实施例和改进。
本发明的主要思想是,在测量电路中提供测量桥接电路,其中提供至少一个耦合电容器用于将传导探针从测量电路直流隔离,并且至少一个耦合电容器集成到该测量桥接电路。
在本发明特别有利的实施例中,至少一个附加的电容器配置在测量桥接电路中,至少一个附加的电容器配置在测量桥的参考支路中,并且至少一个耦合电容器配置在测量桥的探针支路中。
该测量桥接电路的基本问题是,不仅参考电阻和测量电阻之间的比影响桥电压,而且所使用的电容器相互之间的比也会影响桥电压。在理想情况中,耦合电容器的值和附加电容器的值完全相同。然而,在现实中,存在由于电容器的公差和温度性能引起的误差。
在本发明的特别有利的实施例中,选择性地选择用于测量的时间点补偿了两个电容器之间的与公差相关的误差。
为了进行补偿,在每种情况中,近似在半波的中部获得多个测量结果。随即从获得的测量结果中确定平均值。然后仅将上半波和下半波中的测量结果之间的差认作测量信号。这补偿了电容器的与公差相关的误差。
为了更加精确地确定执行测量的时间点,使用计算机程序对具有两电容器间不同的误差的定制测量电路执行模拟运行,并且绘出曲线。从该曲线中,可以分别确定每种情况中所记录的模拟曲线的上半波、下半波中的点,在该点处电容器不同误差的模拟曲线相交。通过比较测量信号,可以确定相交点的精确的时间点(t轴),并且将该时间点保存在存储器中,该存储器是控制/评估电路的一部分。在测量过程中,可以精确地在该时间点,或者在关于该精确的时间点对称分组的多个时间点采样测量电压。因此,例如,可以执行5~50次之间的附加的测量。通过这一过程,总是获得与电容器误差无关的相同的结果。这样,对所使用的电容器的公差和温度性能的补偿相对简单。
此外,该“双差测量”(一个是在测量支路和参考支路之间,而另一个在上半波和下半波之间)几乎完全补偿了工作电压波动的影响。
为了通过较少的部件获得该器件,通过微处理器电路实现测量电路的控制/评估电路,该微处理器电路执行下列功能:用于产生测量信号的发生器功能,和/或测量功能,和/或范围切换,和/或比较器功能,和/或滞后功能,和/或产生输出信号。
将相对低频(大约1kHz)的方波信号用作测量信号,例如,通过时钟信号分频,在微控制器中简单地产生了该方波信号。
为了覆盖宽的测量范围(在100Ω和100kΩ之间),通过测量桥接电路进行测量,其中参考电阻用于实现可切换的测量范围。将半导体开关,优选地为MOSFET用作开关元件。
通过使用微处理器电路产生测量信号,不再需要模拟振荡器。此外,通过适当的控制/评估电路的实施例和执行测量的时间点的选择性选择,不再需要交变信号的整流。
通过使用微处理器电路,有可能通过对硬件的细微改变来输出不同的输出信号,诸如例如PFM输出信号、4~20mA信号、0~10V信号或者开关信号。
另外,在测量不连续,而是使用了分立的方波波群(例如,10个周期的波群)时,该波群由不同时间长度的随机发生器的中断来隔开,这增加了对电磁干扰的不敏感性,使得不会产生测量信号和干扰信号之间的恒定的干扰。
而且,在这些中断中,微处理器可以切换到节能模式。此外,由于在中断过程中没有电流流过探针,所以极大地降低了电流消耗,该电流消耗对于NAMUR应用是特别关注的。
基于附图,现将更加详细地解释本发明,该附图如下示出:
图1是现场设备电子装置的示意性说明图(框图);
图2是信号曲线的示意性说明图。
如图1中显而易见的,现场设备电子装置包括微处理器1,测量桥接电路2、容器4中的测量探针3和存储器单元5。在实施例的图解示例中,微处理器1执行下列功能:
-产生具有测量频率f1的方波信号Umeas(发生器功能1.1),该方波信号经由端口1输出并且直接提供给测量桥接电路2或者通过放大器级(未示出)提供给测量桥接电路2;
-用于切换所需测量范围的功能(范围切换1.2),一方面,该功能经由数字端口(端口2、3、4)连接到测量桥接电路2中的适当的参考电阻器2.3,并且另一方面,该功能设置关于各个测量范围的切换阈值和滞后;
-对于通过差分放大器2.5测得的桥电压Ubr的模-数转换1.7;
-测量功能1.3,其与比较器功能1.4耦合,该功能将测得的桥电压Ubr与预定的阈值进行比较,并且将结果提供给滞后功能1.5;
-通过数/模转换器或者数字端口1.8产生并且输出所需的输出信号1.6。
测量桥接电路2包括:参考支路2.1,其中可以使用半导体开关2.4,特别是MOSFET分别打开或者关闭参考电阻器2.3,该半导体开关2.4由微处理器1驱动或者触发;探针支路2.2,其中测量探针3切换到参考电阻器2.3的位置;和差分放大器2.5,该放大器测量由参考支路2.1和探针支路2.2形成的测量桥处的桥电压Ubr。如从实施例的示意性示例中进一步显而易见的,耦合电容器C2配置在探针支路中,并且附加电容器C1配置在参考支路中。从微处理器1借助于发生器功能1.1向测量桥接电路2提供方波测量电压Umeas,并且测量桥接电路2向微处理器1中的测量功能1.3发送测得的桥电压Ubr
在实施例的图解示例中,使用方波测量信号。然而,还可以使用具有限定的谐波内容的任何其他的信号形式用于测量。
图2a示出了关于平衡的测量桥(直接位于切换点;Rmeas=Rref)的情况和关于在切换点下(Rmeas<Rref)的情况的电压Umeas和Ubr对时间的曲线。可以看到在平衡测量桥的情况中,Ubr的正半波和负半波之间的电压差消失了。
图2b示出了关于电容器C1、C2的不同误差的电压Ubr的性能。在测量电压Umeas翻转的时间点(t1、t2、t3、…),电压中的跳跃通常具有相同的大小,然而曲线的斜率依赖于电容器的误差。在每种情况中,曲线的形状是由测量桥形成的RC组合的充/放电曲线的一部分。在图2b中,可以清晰地认出,在每种情况中,在上半波和下半波中曲线分别相交于点P。通过模拟程序(例如,Pspice)可以精确地计算关于给出的测量桥接电路定制的该时间点tm。如果分别在该时间点tm或者在多个时间点(例如20个时间点)精确地采样电压,则总是获得与电容器误差无关的相同的结果,其中这些多个时间点在某时间间隔中关于该时间点tm对称分组,其中关于时间点tm的该时间间隔不应超过周期长度的十分之一。这样,可以将所使用的电容器的公差和温度性能补偿到实际中发生误差的约10%。

Claims (12)

1.用于传导限位开关的现场设备电子装置,其具有传导探针(3)和包括控制/评估电路(1)的测量电路,
其特征在于,
在测量电路中提供测量桥接电路(2),其中提供至少一个耦合电容器(C2)用于将传导探针(3)从测量电路直流隔离,并且其中至少一个耦合电容器(C2)集成到该测量桥接电路(2)。
2.如权利要求1的现场设备电子装置,
其中,至少一个附加的电容器(C1)配置在测量桥接电路(2)中,其中至少一个附加的电容器(C1)配置在测量桥接电路(2)的参考支路(2.1)中,并且至少一个耦合电容器(C2)配置在测量桥接电路(2)的探针支路(2.2)中。
3.如权利要求2的现场设备电子装置,
其中,通过选择性地选择测量时间点(P)而补偿两个电容器(C1、C2)之间的与公差相关的误差。
4.如权利要求3的现场设备电子装置,
其中,提供耦合到控制/评估电路(1)的存储器装置(5),其中存出了精确的测量时间点(P),其中在启动之前使用模拟运行获得了关于定制测量电路的精确的测量时间点(P)。
5.如权利要求3或4的现场设备电子装置,
其中,控制/评估电路(1)在关于精确的测量时间点(P)分组的多个时间点进行测量,并且从这些测量结果确定平均值。
6.如权利要求5的现场设备电子装置,
其中,所述多个时间点关于精确的测量时间点(P)对称分组。
7.如前面的权利要求中的一个的现场设备电子装置,
其中,提供用于扩展测量范围的多个可接通的参考电阻器(2.3)。
8.如权利要求7的现场设备电子装置,
其中,使用半导体开关(2.4)完成切换过程,其由控制/评估电路(1)触发。
9.如前面的权利要求中的一个的现场设备电子装置,
其中,通过微处理器电路(1)实现控制/评估电路(1),其中该微处理器执行下列功能:用于产生测量信号的发生器功能(1.1),和/或用于评估测量信号的测量功能(1.3),和/或范围切换(1.2),和/或比较器功能(1.4),和/或滞后功能(1.5),和/或产生输出信号(1.6)。
10.如权利要求9的现场设备电子装置,
其中,使用分立的方波波群执行测量,其中可变的中断时间位于两次测量之间。
11.如权利要求10的现场设备电子装置,
其中,可以通过随机发生器调节中断时间,该随机发生器是控制/评估电路(1)的一部分。
12.如权利要求9~11中的一个的现场设备电子装置,
其中,在测量中断期间,微处理器(1)切换到节能模式。
CNB038056674A 2002-03-11 2003-03-11 用于传导限位测量的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1299101C (zh)

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DE50301858D1 (de) 2006-01-12
AU2003209724A1 (en) 2003-09-22
CN1299101C (zh) 2007-02-07
EP1483554A1 (de) 2004-12-08
EP1483554B1 (de) 2005-12-07
US10101190B2 (en) 2018-10-16
ATE312339T1 (de) 2005-12-15
WO2003076882A1 (de) 2003-09-18
US20170160121A1 (en) 2017-06-08

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