CN1633636A - 便携式设备的节电管理 - Google Patents
便携式设备的节电管理 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于便携式设备(100)的功率管理系统,它使用了多种技术而在便携式设备(100)的组件(180a-180z)之中动态控制功率分配。功率优先级方案以渐进方式禁用或降低提供给设备的单独组件(180a-180z)的功率,由此更早禁用重要性较低的功能,以便为更为重要的功能提供较长的功率持续时间,例如数据保持功能。性能相关的方案则连续调整提供给选定组件(180a~180z)的功率,以便保持最低的性能等级,由此避免超出必要性能的功率消耗。此外还为设备(100)的用户提供了实施期望功率优先级和性能等级的选项。
Description
本申请要求2002年2月19日提交的美国临时申请60/358,483的权益,其中该临时申请的律师案卷号为US028014P。
本发明涉及电子系统领域,尤其涉及一种用于对电池供电的设备进行节电管理的方法和系统。
便携式电子设备的用途正变得越来越多。在个人数据助理(PDA)中包含了无线联网能力,而便携式电话包含了电话薄和约会日历,此外,很多设备都具备全球定位系统(GPS)等等。
大多数便携式系统都包含了某种形式的功率监视和管理。在一个简单的实施例中,系统向用户通知一个迫近的功率耗尽分钟数,以便为用户提供一个将设备连接到充电器以及保存重要数据和执行其它操作的机全。而在一个更复杂的实施例中则为用户提供了与那些在操作中启用或禁用的特征有关的选项。举例来说,在一个便携式计算机设备中,用户可以指定要在休止期间(period of inactivity)等待多长时间才将显示器关闭、在使系统处于低功率待用模式之前将要等待多长时间、在什么功率电平上发布警告以及在什么功率电平上关闭系统等等。
为了便于上述节电选项的设定,某些系统包含了具有描述性名称的预定义配置文件(profile),其中举例来说,所述描述性名称可以是“超级节能器(Super Power Saver)”、“吝啬鬼(Miser)”、“高性能(High Performance)”、“投影仪显示(ProjectorPresentation)”等等。当用户选择其中一个配置文件时,设备是通过使用每一个配置文件中的预定义参数而被配置的。例如在“Miser(吝啬鬼)”配置文件中,可以将关闭显示器的休止时间参数设定成3分钟,然而在“投影仪显示”配置文件中,可以将休止时间参数设定成至少一个小时。同样地,在接通电池电源来运行设备时,在休止期间中可以将磁盘驱动器设定成关闭,但是在设备连接到一个电源的时候则使之保持开启状态。
常规功率管理系统中存在一个共同的问题,那就是用于实施节电的准则的“静态”特征。例如,当以“吝啬鬼”节电模式操作上述个人计算机时,无论其它因素如何,显示器都会在休止三分钟以内关闭。同样,只要设备是由电池供电的,那么无论其它因素怎样,上述磁盘驱动器都会在休止周期中关闭。此外,在常规系统中,当功率电平降至指定的最小值以下的时候,无论其它因素怎样,整个系统都会关闭或者处于一种待机模式。此外,在常规系统中,功率管理是基于可用功率电平的,快速的功率耗散可能会在功率管理器对降低的功率电平反应之前就引发电源故障。这种电源故障经常会导致数据丢失。
本发明的一个目的是进一步便于便携式电子设备中的功率管理。本发明的另一个目的是在可用功率下降时以渐进方式进入低功率或待用模式。本发明的其它目的则是避免出现可能导致数据丢失的电源故障。
本发明的这些和其它目的是通过为便携式设备提供功率管理系统来加以实现的,该系统使用了多种技术来对便携式设备组件之间的功率分配进行动态控制。功率优先级方案以渐进方式禁用或降低设备中单独组件的功率,由此,重要性较低的功能更快地禁用,以便为更重要的功能提供更长久的功率持续时间,例如数据保存功能。性能相关的方案则是通过连续调整功率来选择保持最低性能等级的组件,由此避免超出必要性能的电力损耗。此外还为设备用户提供了实施期望的功率优先级和性能等级的选项。
在下文中参考附图并借助实例而对本发明进行了更详细的描述,其中:
图1图示了依照本发明的功率管理系统的例示框图。
图2A~2C图示了依照本发明的功率管理系统的例示用户界面。
在所有这些附图中,相同的参考数字表示的是相似或相应的特征或功能。
如上所述,在一个常规便携式设备中,当可用功率降至某个限度之下的时候,设备将会处于一种休止或待用状态,从而将进一步的功率损耗降至最小。而在某些系统中则为用户提供了指定在什么功率电平调用设备休止或待用状态的选项。这个应用是以两个相关的观察结果为前提的。
第一个观察结果是:在多功能设备中,用户并未将所有功能视为同等重要和/或各种功能的重要性可能根据设备在不同情形或环境中的预定用途而发生变化。例如,多功能PDA设备可以包括一个用于语音或数据通信的通信设备。根据用户了解到的设备的主要用途,用户可以购买设备作为一个带有通信设备的PDA,或是将其作为一个带有PDA的通信设备。
第二个观察结果是:在多功能设备中,某些功能所耗费的功率要远远多于其它功能。通过使用PDA实例,与802.11b网络这类无线网络进行连接所耗费的功率要远远高于PDA提供常规计算机功能所耗费的功率。常规功率管理系统对当前可用功率量度起反应并被配置成根据这个量度实施功率管理操作,例如在数据丢失之前关闭系统。在检测到低功率电平的时间与关闭系统的时间之间存在着某个时段。如果反应时间超出了以当前使用率来耗尽可用功率所需要的时间,则功率管理对于防止数据丢失而言是无效的。
常规系统中的数据丢失可以通过设定一个相当高的关闭系统的阈值电平来加以阻止,从而确保不管实际功率使用率怎样,都可以在可用功率耗尽之前关闭系统,由于这个高阈值电平必须基于设备的最大可能功率耗散而加以设定,因此这将会显著缩短设备的有效电池寿命。
图1图示了依照本发明的功率管理系统100的例示框图。特别应该指出的是,控制器150被配置成独立地控制电源120供应给便携式设备内部单独组件180a~z的功率。功率估计器130则将来自电源120的当前可用功率量度或估计提供给控制器150,以便实施这种功率相关的控制。
通过对提供给设备内部各个组件180a~z的功率进行独立控制,可以通过调节用户优先级而将功率分配给那些相对该用户或者就用户所遭遇的某种情形而言更为重要的功能或组件。同样,通过独立控制提供给设备内部各个组件180a~z的功率,可以根据各个组件的功损来分配功率,从而确保在关闭低功耗组件之前关闭高功耗组件,由此在不冒丢失数据的风险的情况下提高有效电池寿命。
根据本发明,用户可以选择独立降低功率160a~160z,以便在可用功率减少的时候选择组件180a~180z,从而将剩余的可用功率分配给重要性或优先级更高的组件。例如,带有通信装置的PDA的用户可以借助于用户功率选项110来规定:在可用功率降至50%的时候禁用通信组件,以及在可用功率降至3%之前保持PDA计算机组件可用。在禁用通信组件的时段中,设备所耗的功率较小,由此延长了可以使用设备的PDA组件的剩余时间。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,系统被配置成为每一个组件都预先设定一个最小截止功率电平,以确保该组件在功率管理过程标称的反应时间以内关闭。也就是说,例如,如果发射机可能会在功率管理系统的反应时间以内消耗10%的剩余功率,则可以通过对系统进行配置来阻止用户将发射机180a的截止电平降至10%以下。
另一方面,对通信设定优先级的用户也可以对系统进行配置,以便在可用功率降至40%的时候禁用PDA组件,并且在可用功率降至15%的时候禁用发射机。
根据设备的模块性和功能,用户可以对设备的选择子功能进行配置,以便在禁用其它功能的同时保持所述功能有效。例如,用户可以通过对系统进行配置而在功率降至给定百分比的时候禁用消息发送,同时仍然保持接收机功能有效,以便接收电子邮件或是其它针对所述设备的传送。
同样,如果用户处于一种易于对设备进行充电的环境中,那么用户可以通过对系统进行配置而在可用功率降至给定电平之前保持所有功能有效;然而,如果用户正在旅行,那么用户可以只对选定的某些功能进行配置,以便在可用功率电平下降的时候使之保持有效,从而延长必要的充电操作之间的时段。
同样地,可以对本发明的功率管理系统100进行配置,以便根据不断下降的可用功率来动态降低用以关闭显示器等设备的休止参数。换言之,举例来说,可以将控制器150配置成在可用功率很高的时候在休止五分钟之后就关闭显示器,而在可用功率少于一半的时候则在仅仅休止两分钟之后就关闭显示器。这种动态降低可以作为一个阶跃函数实施,也可以作为一个连续函数实施。同样,如下文进一步论述的那样,本发明的功率管理系统可以动态调整作为可用功率函数的发射信号功率电平。
除了当前可用功率特性之外,就功率管理系统100的优选实施例而言,还可以将其控制器150配置成响应于例如由性能估计器140所提供的设备的其它当前特性。通过对分配给组件180a-z的功率进行调整,则预期能以某种形式来影响设备的性能。例如,降低发射机180a的功率电平预期将缩小设备的传输范围。同样,降低内部总线时钟的速度预期将减少总线的数据传输速率,诸如此类。根据本发明,可以将性能估计器140配置成直接或间接地估计与组件180a-z的功率分配相关的设备性能因素。如果所估计的性能超出指定的可接受电平,则降低功率分配,从而延长预期的电池寿命。如果所估计的性能低于指定的最小电平,则可以提升功率分配。尽管可接收电平和最小电平可以是同一个值,但是使用两个不同电平可以避免连续调整功率电平,同时仍旧提供响应于设备性能的功率分配。
在为发射机分配功率的特定实例中,可以假定设备的有效范围与发射功率相关联。也就是说,当目标接收机更为接近的时候,设备是以较低功率电平来进行发射的;而在目标接收机距离较远的时候,则必须以更大的功率电平来进行发射。如果目标接收机向发射设备提供一个接收功率电平量度,那么可以使用这个量度来调整发射机的功率电平,从而达到某些可接受的接收功率电平。然而一般来说,目标接收机并不会提供这种反馈并且需要一个替换量度。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,可以将来自目标基站或接入点的接收功率电平假定为是与设备和目标之间的距离相关。因此,来自目标的接收功率量度可用于间接确定一个可接受发射电平,以便向目标提供足够的范围。换言之,接收功率量度即为与目标之间距离的量度,并且调整发射功率会影响到设备实现可靠通信的距离。在给出了上述功率与距离的相关性的情况下,可以创建接收功率到必要发射功率之间的映射。可替换地,也可以使用一种简单的启发式方法,例如:如果接收功率电平很高,则将50%的功率分配给发射机;如果接收功率中等,则分配70%的功率;如果接收功率很低,则分配100%的功率。
此外也可以使用当前特性的组合来为设备的一个或多个组件180a-z分配功率。在先前的发射功率分配实例中,可以修改启发式规则来包含当前可用功率特性。作为一个简单实例,如果接收功率很低并且当前可用功率低于指定阈值,那么如性能估计器140根据接收功率电平所测量的那样,这时可以禁用发射机180a,而不是为其提供全功率,从而节省用于那些在设备更接近目标基站时更有可能完成的通信的功率。同样,如果当前可以使用多个可替换目标并且当前可用功率很低,那么可以将控制器150配置成根据来自每个可替换目标的接收功率电平而迫使从一个目标切换到另一个目标,由此允许为发射机分配较少功率。鉴于本公开文本,功率分配规则的这些和其它组合对于本领域普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。
图2A~2C图示了依照本发明的功率管理系统的例示用户界面。对本领域技术人员来说,很明显,可以使用多种技术中的任何一种技术来保证用户偏好和选项,在这里则仅仅是通过提供这些实例来描述本发明的选择原理。
图2A图示了一个允许用户单独规定要禁用所标识的各个组件的功率电平210a~c的界面。与常规的功率管理过程一致,该界面还允许用户指定整个系统/设备应当被禁用的功率电平215。通过允许单个组件具有不同的截止功率电平,对于功率分配,用户能够有效地区分各个组件。例示功率电平指示各个组件的功率优先级;GPS是优先级高于音频音调的功能或组件,而音频音调则是优先级高于通信的功能或组件。作为独立功率电平直接指定的可替换方案,可以为用户提供一种以等级顺序来规定各个组件的功率优先级的选项,并且系统基于等级排序以及各个组件消耗的相对功率量来自动为每一个组件确定功率电平截止。
图2B图示了一个界面,该界面允许用户规定特性组合,以便根据与设备关联的性能量度来确定发射功率的优选调整。如上所述,接收功率量度是一个针对目标接收机范围的间接量度,由此对本发明的目的而言,所述量度被视为是发射机所需要的范围性能的一个估计。在图2B中,为用户提供了指定基于接收功率230a~c的发射功率220a~c的选项,而这些选项则是由通常无线设备上显示以便指示接收功率电平的“天线图标”数目来指示。可替换地,在这里也可以使用“高”、“中”、“低”之类的文本术语。在这个实例中,当接收功率为高230a时,则功率管理器将发射功率降至发射机总功率输出的40% 220a。在接收功率为高时,只要可用功率是在5%以上,功率管理器就将这个降低的功率提供给发射机。在处于低接收功率电平230c时,控制器将全功率220c提供给发射机,但是仅仅在可用功率高于40%的时候才这样。这样一来,发射机组件被配置成根据性能量度以及可用功率量度来接收功率。
图2C图示了一个用于指定作为可用功率函数的可接受的系统性能的例示图形界面。在这个实例中为用户提供了通过修改曲线250的形状来指定作为可用功率260函数的可接受等待时间量度270的选项。例如,可以通过调整系统时钟来控制这个等待时间。当可用功率260降低时,可接受的等待时间270也会增加。在设备中的当前可用功率降低的时候,图1的控制器159使用这个曲线250来确定时钟速率的恰当/可接受下降。本实例中的性能估计器140则被配置成直接或间接测量设备内部的等待时间,或者它的功能可以由时钟速率与等待时间之间的一个假定映射来替换。此外如上所述,同一图形界面技术也可用于指定接收功率与发射功率之间期望的相关性。
上文仅仅说明了本发明的原理。因此应该了解,本领域技术人员能够设计出多种方案,尽管在这里并未对这些方案进行明确的描述或显示,但是这些方案包含了本发明的原理因此处于本发明的精神和范围以内。例如,图1的特定组件是出于便于理解的目的而被描述的,并且可以使用可替换组件装置来提供所描述组件的功能。例如,如上所述,在控制器150控制的参数以及性能因素之间存在一种已知的对应关系,并且控制器150在参数设定中有效提供了性能估计器140的功能。同样,在这里可以将选择功能或功能的选择部分作为软件程序来提供,与那些独立于功率管理的其它功能一样,这些程序也是在设备中执行的。鉴于本公开文本,这些和其它系统结构和优化特征对于本领域普通技术人员而言是显而易见的,并且包含在下列权利要求的范围以内。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于在具有多个组件(180a-z)的设备中管理功率分配的方法,包括以下步骤:
确定(130,140)该设备的一个或多个当前特性,以及
根据该设备的一个或多个当前特性以及根据相对于该设备一个或多个当前特性区分该多个组件中至少一个组件的用户偏好(110),将功率分配(150,160a-z)给该设备的多个组件(180a-z)中的每一个组件。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中,
所述一个或多个当前特性包括当前可用功率的一个量度(130),以及
所述用户偏好(110)经由与所述至少一个组件相关联的功率优先级参数(210a-c)来区分所述至少一个组件;并且
将功率分配给每一个组件包括:
根据当前可用功率量度和所述至少一个组件的功率优先级参数的比较来有选择地将功率(160a-z)分配给该至少一个组件。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中,
所述一个或多个当前特性包含与所述设备相关联的性能量度(140),以及
还根据该性能量度(140)将功率(150,160a-z)分配给所述至少一个组件。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中,所述性能量度(140)包括至少一个下列参数:接收功率、时钟速度、发射功率以及等待时间。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中,为每一个组件分配功率还基于:
各个组件的功率消耗速度;以及
相应于功率重分配的反应时间。
6.一种设备,包括:
电源(120);
可操作地耦合到电源(120)的第一组件(180a);
可操作地耦合到电源(120)的第二组件(180b);
监视器(130,140),它被配置成监视该设备的一个或多个当前特性;以及
控制器(150),它被配置成根据所述一个或多个当前特性将来自电源(120)的功率独立地分配给第一组件(120a)和第二组件(180b)中的每一个。
7.权利要求6的设备,其中,所述控制器(150)还被配置成根据第一组件(180a)的功率消耗速度来独立地分配(160a)功率。
8.权利要求6的设备,其中,所述控制器(150)还被配置成根据用户偏好(110)来独立地分配功率。
9.权利要求6的设备,其中,所述一个或多个当前特性包括来自电源(120)的当前可用功率的量度。
10.权利要求9的设备,其中,所述控制器(150)还被配置成根据用户偏好(110)来独立地分配(160a)功率,其中所述用户偏好基于当前可用功率的量度来将对第一组件(180a)的控制从对第二组件(180b)的控制中区分出来。
11.权利要求6的设备,其中,所述一个或多个当前特性包括与所述设备相关联的性能量度。
12.权利要求11的设备,其中,所述性能量度包括以下参数中的至少一个参数:接收功率、时钟速度、发射功率以及等待时间。
13.一种便携式设备,包括:
电源(120),
可操作地耦合到电源(120)的计算机组件(180a),
可操作地耦合到电源(120)的通信组件(180b),以及
功率管理组件(150),它被配置成根据用户偏好(110)将来自电源(120)的功率(160a、160b)独立地分配给计算机组件(180a)和通信组件(180b)中的每一个。
14.权利要求13的便携式设备,还包括:
功率监视器(130),它被配置成监视当前可用功率的量度,
其中,所述功率管理组件(150)还被配置成根据当前可用功率量度来独立分配功率。
15.权利要求13的便携式设备,其中,所述用户偏好(110)包括一个与通信组件相关联的功率优先级参数(210a),以便于独立于计算机组件功率控制(160b)给通信组件(180b)的功率。
16.权利要求13的便携式设备,还包括:
性能监视器(140),它被配置成监视与便携式设备相关联的性能量度;
其中,所述功率管理组件(150)还被配置成根据性能量度来独立分配功率。
17.权利要求16的便携式设备,其中
所述性能量度包括通信链路质量的量度,以及
所述功率管理组件(150)被配置成根据通信链路质量量度来修改提供给通信组件发射机的功率。
18.权利要求17的便携式设备,其中,所述通信组件还被配置成根据通信链路质量量度而从多个可用目标接收机中进行选择,以便于降低提供给发射机的功率。
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KR20040084921A (ko) | 2004-10-06 |
AU2003206000A1 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
JP2005518043A (ja) | 2005-06-16 |
WO2003071407A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
TW200306472A (en) | 2003-11-16 |
EP1478995A1 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
US20030158609A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
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