CN1622312A - Method for verifying consistency of chip hardware behavior and software simulation behavior - Google Patents
Method for verifying consistency of chip hardware behavior and software simulation behavior Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses one method of verifying the consistence of chip in hardware behavior and software simulating behavior. The method includes at least compiling the test example for consistence verification and creating executable file based on the test example; loading and running the test example in the chip and the software simulator separately to create the output files of hardware behavior information and software simulating behavior information separately; and comparing the hardware behavior information and the software simulating behavior information of the output files. The present invention may be used in verification of chip design before mass manufacture of chips to ensure the correct chip design and raise the quality of chip.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the chip checking technology in the chip design process, particularly relate to the conforming method of behavior of a kind of proofing chip hardware and software simulation behavior.
Background technology
In the existing chip design process, not simple, the effective usually method of testing of the technical staff of design chips promotes the chip design quality.After design is finished, carry out the very low test of some efficient, or realize test with some complicated additional designs, just have only again the user of wait use product after the information of feeding back revise original design.These can not effectively guarantee the correctness of chip design, more can not effectively promote the chip design quality, thereby can influence the chip overall quality.
At present,, the notion of software simulator has been proposed for convenience of the exploitation of hardware.Software simulator is the operation action that comes analog hardware by the running software form, thereby can before exploitation hardware, earlier design the function that hardware will be realized, for hardware designs personnel's development provides the design and the means of testing of assisting by software simulation.
Mainly be when chip development, to use software simulator to carry out hardware behavior checking at present, and after chip development is finished, mainly software simulator is used as developing instrument or product, do not finish the method that the hardware operation action is verified in the back and software simulator is used for chip development.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, main purpose of the present invention provides the conforming method of behavior of a kind of proofing chip hardware and software simulation behavior, be used for before reality is made chip, guaranteeing the correctness of chip design, thereby provide a kind of simple, effective chip checking means for the overall quality that improves chip.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The conforming method of behavior of a kind of proofing chip hardware and software simulation behavior comprises the steps: at least
A. write the test case that is used to carry out consistency checking, and generate executable file according to test case;
B. chip and software simulator are written into and move executable file respectively, generate the output file that comprises hardware behavioural information and software simulation behavioural information respectively;
C. whether hardware behavioural information and the software simulation behavioural information by the comparison output file be identical judges whether the chip hardware behavior is consistent with the software simulation behavior.
In said method, preferably write test case according to the read-write zone requirement for restriction of chip.
In said method, in writing the process of test case, step a may further include: the content information in custom hardware behavior output file and the software simulation behavior output file.Wherein, content information preferably comprises: the content of register value, program counter value and memory cell after instruction of every operation, and the numerical value in the storage area of making an appointment after the test case is finished in operation; And preferably customized content information is preserved by row.
In said method, software simulator is written into executable file can be by carrying out the executable file manual load to software simulator, and the comparison output file is undertaken by manual observation and record.
Preferably, the present invention comprises that further foundation is used for executable file is loaded into the automatic processing module of software simulator and comparison output file, and the processing that like this executable file is loaded into software simulator and comparison output file is undertaken by described automatic processing module.
In this case, the present invention comprises further and in advance all executable files being kept in the file directory that it is by automatic processing module the executable file in the described file directory to be loaded and operation successively that software simulator is written into and moves executable file in software simulator.
The present invention may further include the condition that executable file out of service is set, and judges whether to satisfy this condition in the process of software simulator operation executable file, if, executable file out of service, otherwise continue the operation executable file.
The present invention may further include and is saved under the preassigned file directory respectively hardware output file and software simulator output file or the default file catalogue, and set in advance the content information and the output format that comprise in hardware output file and the software simulator output file, compare the content of output file this moment among the step c operation comprises:
C1. respectively at the hardware output file and the software simulator output file that read under the preassigned file directory or under the default file catalogue corresponding to same executable file;
C2. the content of two files is compared, and comparing result is recorded the comparison result file;
C3. hardware output file of judging under the preassigned file directory or whether not comparing in addition under the default file catalogue and software simulator output file, if, re-execute step c1, read under the file directory hardware output file and software simulator output file corresponding to next executable file, otherwise process ends.
In said method, among the step c2 content of two files to be compared and carry out line by line, comparison result is the consistent or inconsistent information of comparison result, if inconsistent, may further include other contents of phase region of two output files and corresponding row number.
In said method, after the comparison of finishing output file is handled, further comprise the operation of exporting comparison result.
The chip of mentioning among the present invention can be micro controller unit (MCU), Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip or microprocessor (MPU) chip.
From technical scheme of the present invention as can be seen, form executable file by writing test case, move this executable file simultaneously by the hardware and software simulator then, output comprises the output file of hardware behavior and software simulation behavior respectively, compare hardware output file and software simulator output file then,, show that then the chip hardware behavior is consistent with the software simulation behavior if both contents are in full accord, thereby show that hardware designs is correct, can produce in batches; Otherwise show that chip hardware behavior and software simulation behavior are inconsistent, can further determine that mistake occurs in chip design or software simulator this moment, if the former can revise chip design.Therefore, the present invention can verify before producing chip in batches whether hardware designs is correct, thereby can guarantee the correctness of chip design, and greatly improved the overall quality of chip.
In addition, under a lot of situation of test case, the present invention can load test case automatically, automatically hardware output file and software simulator output file are compared, and comparison result can be outputed to and offer the user in the file and check, so greatly alleviate user's workload, improved verification efficiency, thereby further improved the efficient of hardware designs and manufacturing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overview flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the process chart of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the process chart of second embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a kind of conforming method that is used for the hardware behavior and the software simulation behavior of proofing chip.In the method, by writing test case, in the hardware and software simulator, move the executable file that generates by this test case then respectively, and generate the file of output operation result respectively, then the operation result information in the file is compared, can judge whether the hardware behavior of chip is consistent with the software simulation behavior.
Describe the present invention with the MCU that often uses in the single-chip microcomputer in detail as example below.As shown in Figure 1, handling process of the present invention comprises the steps:
In step 101, at first write and be used for the test case that the consistency to hardware behavior and software simulation behavior detects.The program that the test case here just can be moved on chip.Write test case and can pass through any computer programming languages such as assembler language, C language, as long as can produce the executable machine code file that can on chip, move by compiling and link at last.Test case can have multiple, and how for example arithmetical operation, logical operation and some other computing and the combination in any between them are specifically write test case and decided according to the checking needs.In order to verify the hardware designs of MCU all sidedly, test case to write kind The more the better, the coverage of such test can be more complete wider, the effect of test also can be better.For the hardware designs of proofing chip more accurately, the test case here is the combination use-case or the stochastic instruction use-case of edge use-case, arithmetic logical operation use-case, algorithm use-case and instruction preferably.
In addition, because read operation can only be carried out in some zone in the chip, write operation can only be carried out in some zone, and some zone can not be carried out read operation and can not be carried out write operation, when writing the test case program, must arrange restriction like this, can only read or can only write, perhaps can not read and to write some zone, though perhaps can read and write, guarantee write-then-read or the like.Carry out validity and the correctness of purpose in order to guarantee to verify of this agreement restriction.For example, if read operation can not be carried out to it in the some zones of hardware, and when writing test case, do not consider this problem, to carry out read operation to this zone when moving the executable file that generates according to test case so, at this moment the execution result of hardware and software simulator will produce random behavior.It is skimble-skamble comparing such random behavior, and this can influence normal proof procedure.
When writing test case, the content information that also needs custom hardware output file and software simulator output file to be comprised.Whether consistent for the software action of verifying hardware behavior and software simulator, need definition to comprise the hardware output file and the same content of the act of software simulator output file output that comprises the software simulation behavior of hardware behavior.And,, also need the output content of pre-defined these two output files in order to reflect chip required behavioural information of when operation.Specifically, require hardware or software simulator after instruction of operation, the content of the numerical value of each register, program counter value, memory cell in this moment shown in output file MCU; After a test case is finished in operation, the numerical value in the storage area of agreement.For executable file, also need to arrange a stop position, program out of service when for example program counter reaches some numerical value during program running.
For the ease of two output files are compared, the form of output file can be set further in this step.For example, requirement each row in output file is listed in turn and is carried out all register value, program counter value, memory cell content among the instruction MCU afterwards, lists agreement regional memory cell content with delegation or multirow then after finishing whole test case.By setting like this, the conveniently manual observation in the first embodiment of the invention of explanation after a while is more convenient for discerning automatically the difference between them in second embodiment of the invention.
In step 102, order collects, compiles and link the test case of being write by assembler, compiler and linker, formation can download to the executable file of hardware in-circuit emulator, as the importing file that moves on the hardware and software simulator respectively among the present invention.The executable file here is a binary file, its file extent bin by name or tsk etc.But one skilled in the art will appreciate that executable file is not limited thereto two kinds of binary files, after loading as long as the binary file of any document form that can be identified can be as executable file.
In step 103, the executable file that generates according to test case that step 102 is obtained downloads in the MCU hardware and moves.Just executable file is downloaded in the in-circuit emulator of forming by MCU hardware and peripheral circuit, perhaps download executable file by hardware description language.
In step 104, MCU hardware produces an output file by the operation executable file.This output file has comprised the hardware operation action, and its file extension can be log or tra.
In step 105, the executable file that generates according to test case that obtains in the step 102 is downloaded to the MCU software simulator.
In step 106, software simulator operation executable file produces an output file.This output file has comprised the operation action of software simulator, its file extension can be log or tra equally, but in order to distinguish mutually with the output file of step 104, the file extension that the output file of its file extension and step 104 uses is different, perhaps file extension is identical, but is placed on respectively under the file directory in different paths.For example, the output file that comprises the hardware operation action uses the log extension name, and the output file that comprises the software simulator operation action so then adopts the tra extension name.
In step 107, the hardware output file of the hardware operation action that comparison step 104 obtains and the software simulator output file of the software simulator operation action that step 106 obtains.If two class output files are for the operation action of all use-cases, the result is identical, proves that then the hardware behavior of this MCU is consistent with the software simulation behavior.If two class output files are for the operation action of use-case, the result has any different, and proves that then the hardware behavior of this MCU and software simulation behavior are inconsistent.Can further adjust the behavior of MCU hardware designs or MCU software simulator this moment according to the difference position, to the last obtain till the result of behavior unanimity.
In the present invention, hardware operation executable file and software simulator operation executable file are two fully independently processes, so these two processes can be arranged on the processing time flexibly.For example, they can carry out simultaneously, move perhaps earlier by hardware operation executable file, and then by software simulator.
Above-mentionedly pass through an overall process flow basic ideas of the present invention have been described.The present invention is further illustrated below by two specific embodiments.Wherein in first embodiment, carry out the download of test case and the comparison of output file manually, in a second embodiment then by carrying out the download of test case and the comparison of output file by the mode of Automatic Program operation.
Fig. 2 shows the handling process of first embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 2, handle according to following flow process for step 105 to the step 107 of Fig. 1.
In step 201, the user manually is loaded into software simulator with the test case executable file after having obtained executable file and having comprised the hardware output file of hardware operation action, and the executive software simulator moves this executable file by software simulator then.
In step 202, after the executable file operation finishes, can produce the output file that records software simulator operation action information.
In step 203, in specific comparison file tool or editing machine, manual unlocking software simulator output file and corresponding to the hardware output file of same test case.Comparison file tool here or editing machine can be general copy editor's instruments, for example edit program or ultraedit32 program.
In step 204, artificially observe two differences between the output file, and viewed difference is noted.
In this manual mode, if a plurality of test cases are arranged, in step 201, need the user repeatedly to carry out artificial loading, in step 203, need user repeatedly manual unlocking hardware output file and software simulator output file.If test case has only several, the user can also stand, and if dozens or even hundreds of test case is arranged, for the user, just must pay a large amount of time and efforts for this reason.
In addition, in step 204, the user needs the difference between two output files of manual observation.Equally, if output file is very long, perhaps needing to carry out manual observation repeatedly, will be very big also to the workload that the user causes, and also be insufferable concerning the user.
In order to improve user's operating efficiency and alleviate work load under a lot of situation of test case, the present invention has proposed the method for carrying out the loading of test case and carrying out the comparison of output file automatically automatically in a second embodiment.
Fig. 3 shows the handling process of second embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 3, in step 301, at first all executable files corresponding to test case are concentrated to be kept in the file directory, can be kept at all hardware behavior output files in the presents catalogue simultaneously or in another file directory.
In step 302, the executable file corresponding to test case is sought and discerned to the file directory that executable file is preserved in the automatic processing module scanning of setting up according to the present invention one by one.
In step 303, judge the executable file that whether has under this document catalogue corresponding to test case.If have, carry out next step, otherwise process ends.Equally, the extension name of the executable file here can be bin or tsk, and the judgement here promptly is to carry out according to the extension name of file.
In step 304, read an executable file in order.
In step 305, judge whether to open and to read in this executable file.If carry out next step, otherwise re-execute step 304.The purpose of execution in step 305 is at executable file because can promptly abandon this document and forward next executable file under the ruined situations of reason such as virus, to improve system handles efficient.
In step 306, call the interface function of MCU software simulator, executable file is encased in internal memory, close this executable file then.
In step 307, can judgement for writing the software simulator output file of opening with the executable file correspondence.If can open this document, carry out next step, otherwise re-execute step 303.Here can set the expansion tra by name of software simulator output file.The purpose of execution in step 307 is in order to change checking next time rapidly under the situation of document lending, to improve system handles efficient equally.
In step 308, call MCU software simulator interface function, restart and the operating software simulator, by software simulator operation executable file.
In step 309, software simulator writes operation action in the software simulator output file according to aforesaid agreement restriction, simultaneously this output file is kept under the file directory that sets in advance, and closes this output file.
In step 310, judge whether to finish all executable files that move under the catalogue that is kept at executable file, whether the software simulator run-time error is perhaps arranged.If, carry out next step, if also have executable file not have operation and software simulator operation not to have mistake, then re-execute step 303.Here judge software simulator whether run-time error be according to software simulator whether the value of reporting errors or certain indexed variable whether change to determine.For example, be set at read-onlyly as some zone in the fruit chip, if violated this restriction when writing the use-case program so, simulator operation use-case program will reporting errors to corresponding local time, perhaps changes the value of certain indexed variable.
In step 311, judge whether and to open a comparison result file for the comparison result that writes hardware output file and software simulator output file.The extension name of the comparison result file here can be arranged to cmp.If, carry out next step, otherwise process ends.
In step 312, preserve the file directory of software simulator output file in the search step 309, read a software simulator output file successively.
In step 313, judge whether to open and to read in this software simulator output file.If, carry out next step, otherwise re-execute step 312, read next software simulator output file.
In step 314, under the catalogue of storage hardware output file, read with step 313 in the operation software simulator output file corresponding hardware output file.In this embodiment, identical and the extension name difference of the filename that software simulator output file and hardware output file can be set, for example the extension name of software simulator behavior output file is tra, and the extension name of hardware output file is log, and the correspondence so here is exactly that two output files have identical filename.Perhaps, the filename that they also can be set is all identical with file extension, but they are placed on respectively in the different file directorys, and the correspondence so here is exactly two files with same file name and file extension in the different file directorys.
In step 315, judge whether to open this hardware output file.If, carry out next step, otherwise re-execute step 312, just read next software simulator output file.
In step 316 to step 322, by the automatic content of two output files of comparison of automatic processing module, and with in the comparison result file of opening in the comparison result write step 311.Specifically comprise following processing:
In step 316, judge whether that corresponding two output files all do not have particular content, judge just whether they all are empty files.If re-execute step 312, otherwise carry out next step.
In step 317, a line item number variable that the behavior output content is different is set, be used for representing that the entire comparison destination file has the content of how many row to have any different.It is initialized as zero here.
In step 318, in order the content in the same delegation of two files is compared.
In step 319, judge whether the content of two output files in this row of being compared is identical.If identical, re-execute step 318, just compare next line.If inequality, carry out next step.
In step 320, the row of the row that content is different number, and this row content of two files is written to respectively in the comparison result file.
In step 321, the line item number variables that content is different add 1 on original basis.
In step 322, judge present whether what compare be last column.If carry out next step, otherwise re-execute step 318.
In step 323, judge whether than right all output files, if carry out next step, otherwise re-execute step 312.
In step 324, the content of comparison result file is exported to the user watch.The content of the comparison result file here comprises the consistent or inconsistent information of comparison result, if inconsistent, further comprise other content of phase region, its institute's number of being expert at and amounts to information such as row number.The output here can be to show on computer screen, also can be directly to print for the user by the paper medium to watch.
In a second embodiment, the content information of output file and form are provided with by automatic processing module by the mode of configuration file.
In this embodiment, executable file is loaded into software simulator, open and compare the software simulator output file and the hardware output file is all carried out automatically by automatic processing module, do not need human intervention, thereby greatly alleviated user's workload, and greatly improved verification efficiency.Automatic processing module among this embodiment can be an operation application program on computers.
Being appreciated that chip of the present invention is not limited to MCU, can also be dsp chip or MPU chip.Therefore, the above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware behavior and software simulation behavior comprises the steps: at least
A. write the test case that is used to carry out consistency checking, and generate executable file according to test case;
B. chip and software simulator are written into and move executable file respectively, generate the output file of hardware behavioural information and software simulation behavioural information respectively;
C. whether hardware behavioural information and the software simulation behavioural information by the described output file of comparison be identical judges whether the chip hardware behavior is consistent with the software simulation behavior.
2. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware according to claim 1 behavior and software simulation behavior is characterized in that, the described test case of writing is to write according to the read-write zone requirement for restriction of chip.
3. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware according to claim 1 behavior and software simulation behavior, it is characterized in that, in step a writes the process of test case, further comprise: the content information of custom hardware behavior output file and software simulation behavior output file.
4. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware according to claim 3 behavior and software simulation behavior, it is characterized in that, described content information comprises: the content of register value, program counter value and memory cell after instruction of every operation, and the numerical value in the storage area of making an appointment after the test case is finished in operation.
5. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware according to claim 4 behavior and software simulation behavior, it is characterized in that, the present invention further comprises: in customized content information, customize each bar and instruct complete finishing afterwards by the row preservation information content and a test case operation afterwards also to preserve the regional numerical value of the chip-stored of making an appointment among output file by going.
6. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware according to claim 1 behavior and software simulation behavior, it is characterized in that, described software simulator is written into executable file by the executable file manual load is carried out to software simulator, and described comparison output file process is undertaken by manual observation and record.
7. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware according to claim 1 behavior and software simulation behavior, it is characterized in that, the present invention further comprises and sets up the automatic processing module be used for executable file is loaded into software simulator and comparison output file, and the described processing that executable file is loaded into software simulator and comparison output file is undertaken by described automatic processing module.
8. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware according to claim 7 behavior and software simulation behavior, it is characterized in that, the present invention comprises further and in advance all executable files being kept in the file directory that it is by automatic processing module the executable file in the described file directory to be loaded and operation successively that described software simulator is written into and moves executable file in software simulator.
9. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware according to claim 7 behavior and software simulation behavior, it is characterized in that, the present invention further comprises the condition that executable file out of service is set, and in the process of software simulator operation executable file, judge whether to satisfy described condition, if, executable file out of service, otherwise continue the operation executable file.
10. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware according to claim 7 behavior and software simulation behavior, it is characterized in that, the present invention further comprises hardware output file and software simulator output file is saved in respectively under a preassigned file directory or the default file catalogue, and set in advance the content information and the output format that comprise in hardware output file and the software simulator output file, the operation of the content of comparison output file comprises among the step c:
C1. under described preassigned file directory or default file catalogue, read hardware output file and software simulator output file respectively corresponding to same executable file;
C2. the content of two files is compared, and store comparison result into the comparison result file;
C3. judge the hardware output file and the software simulator output file that whether do not compare in addition under described file directory that pre-establishes or the default file directory, if, re-execute step c1, read under the described file directory hardware output file and software simulator output file corresponding to next executable file, otherwise process ends.
11. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware according to claim 10 behavior and software simulation behavior, it is characterized in that, among the step c2 content of two files compared and carry out line by line, described comparison result is the consistent or inconsistent information of comparison result, and comparison result comprises that further other content of phase region of two output files reaches corresponding capable number under inconsistent situation.
12. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware according to claim 10 behavior and software simulation behavior is characterized in that, after the comparison of finishing output file is handled, further comprises the operation of exporting comparison result.
13. the conforming method of proofing chip hardware according to claim 1 behavior and software simulation behavior is characterized in that, described chip is micro controller unit MCU, perhaps digital signal processing chip DSP, perhaps microprocessor MPU.
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| CN113485926A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-10-08 | 浙江大学 | Method for verifying consistency of simulation execution effect of CPU (Central processing Unit) instruction |
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