CN1608009A - 用于封闭罐的孔口的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于封闭罐的孔口的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1608009A
CN1608009A CNA028260724A CN02826072A CN1608009A CN 1608009 A CN1608009 A CN 1608009A CN A028260724 A CNA028260724 A CN A028260724A CN 02826072 A CN02826072 A CN 02826072A CN 1608009 A CN1608009 A CN 1608009A
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jar
thin slice
aperture
wall
complex
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CN1282558C (zh
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Y·热拉尔
S·莱奥纳尔
F·杜尼尔
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Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation and Research SA
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Inergy Automotive Systems Research SA
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/345—Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
    • B29C66/3452—Making complete joints by combining partial joints
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Abstract

一种用于封闭塑料罐的孔口的系统，它由一种包括一个阻挡层的多层塑料薄片形成，该薄片被焊接在孔口的周边附近并设有一个被变薄的周边区域，以便有效地限制气体和液体渗透到位于罐和阻挡层之间的层中。通过焊接这样一个薄片来封闭罐的方法，它包括用激光或红外照射焊接技术焊接变薄的周边部分。该方法的用途，以封闭一个用于机动车辆的燃料箱。

Description

用于封闭罐的孔口的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于封闭罐(或箱)的孔口的系统。
背景技术
在工业中或各种平板交通工具上使用中的储液罐和贮气罐通常必须满足关于使用类型和环保要求的密封和渗透性标准，这些储液罐和贮气罐被设计用于这些使用并且必须符合这些环保要求。目前，不但在欧洲，而且在世界上，关于向大气中和向环境中排放污染的限制的要求通常是相当严格的，因而储液罐和贮气罐的设计朝着使用能在各种工作条件下更好的保证密封和安全的技术方向经历了迅速的发展。此外，也试图尽可能地减少任何与罐相关联的附件和管路引起的损失，有时一种使用的装置必须在罐内结合某些附件和管路，因而消除了它们与外部大气的接触。
从SOLVAY的专利申请WO 01/21428知道，通过一个焊接到罐的壁上以便覆盖孔口的多层塑料薄片来封闭一个多层燃料罐的孔口，焊接到罐上的薄片的塑料层具有与罐的表面层相容的合成物。
然而，在该专利申请中所述的罐中，仍有一个位于阻挡层和罐的壁之间的燃料渗透通道，阻挡层通常设在多层封闭薄片结构的内侧，该通道由一种塑料例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)制成，其对燃料的不可透过性不是最佳的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于封闭罐的系统，与已知的封闭系统相比，它进一步减少液体和气体的损失，并使其能够实现足够低的损失水平以满足新的环保标准，该新的环保标准被计划在不久的将来在欧洲和美国开始执行。
为了这个目的，本发明涉及一种用于封闭一个塑料罐的孔口(或开口)的系统，它由一种在孔口的周边附近焊接到罐的壁上的塑料薄片形成，该薄片由一种包括一个阻挡层的多层结构形成，焊接到罐上的该结构的外层具有一种与形成罐的外表面的塑料相容的合成物，其中在焊接区域中，薄片的周边区域被变薄以便根据下面的关系适应其几何结构：
                   1/e≥5
其中1表示变薄区域的宽度，而e表示与罐的壁接触的层的厚度，两者都以同样的长度单位表示。
优选地，1/e的比率至少是8。
应当理解，术语“罐”意指一种任何形状的、通常相对于外部密封的封闭容器，它可以配备在容器内部的或穿过其壁的各种附件。罐可以是一个贮气罐、一个储液罐或一个设计成既容纳气体又容纳液体的罐。优选地，它是一个储液罐或一个也包含气相的储液罐。
某些罐具有一个或更多孔口，即为了各种目的穿过罐的壁形成的圆形或其它形状的切口，例如以便能将一个或更多在罐的制造过程中不能被结合到罐中的附件引入罐中。
在能使用罐之前，为了其正常的存储和封闭液体以及气体的应用，因而需要设计并配装一个封闭系统，该封闭系统能在附件被引入之后尽可能密闭地密封罐。
根据本发明，封闭系统设计成用于塑料罐，应当理解，术语“塑料”意指任何在外界条件下在固体状态中是热塑性或热固性的合成聚合材料，也可以指这些材料中的至少两种的混合物，所指的聚合物既包括均聚物又包括共聚物(特别是二元或三元共聚物)。这些共聚物的例子非限制性地包括无规共聚物，线性嵌段共聚物，其它嵌段共聚物，和接枝共聚物。包括热塑性合成橡胶的热塑性聚合物是优选的。
根据本发明的塑料罐优选地是呈多层结构的罐形式，包括至少一层高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)的罐是特别优选的。特别优选的罐的结构还包括至少一个由阻挡材料制成的内层，阻挡材料即通常的有聚合性质的材料，它具有非常高的对某些液体和气体的不可透过性。
例如，使用公知的阻挡合成物是可能的，例如用于制造不可透过燃料的罐的阻挡(或防渗)合成物。这些阻挡合成物的例子非限制性地是基于聚酰胺或共聚多酰胺的树脂，乙二醇/乙烯醇无规共聚物(EVOH)，或甚至是正温的液晶聚合物(LCP)，譬如具有6-羟基-2-萘甲酸(6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid)或对苯二甲酸和具有4，4’-联苯(4，4’-biphenol)的p-羟基苯甲酸的共聚多酯(例如，商标为VECTRA和XYDAR的出售的共聚多酯)。
应当理解，术语“薄片”意指任何其厚度与其面积相比很小的固体元件，并且其刚性接近罐的壁的刚性。根据本发明，构成薄片的材料包括一种塑料，优选地，形成根据本发明的封闭系统的一部分的薄片只由塑料制造。薄片可以具有不同的形状；通常薄片的形状取决于罐的不同类型和在这些必须被封闭的罐的表面中孔口的位置。薄片通常具有一个平面或轻微弯曲的表面，特别是在小孔口的情况下，例如具有不超过80毫米直径的圆形孔口。
根据本发明，薄片在孔口的周边被焊接到罐的壁上，这时应当理解，通过使薄片的两个主表面之一的一部分表面的分子在孔口的整个周边上接触到罐的类似表面的分子并与其局部互相渗透，薄片的被固定到该壁上，其中所述薄片的一部分表面邻接罐的壁的端部，以圆形或任何其它形状的封闭环的形式形成一个结合面，并且在或大或小的程度上精确地与薄片的该主表面的外周边相配，而其中所述罐的类似表面位于孔口的边界周围。
根据本发明，薄片由一种多层结构形成，其被焊接到罐上的外层具有与形成罐的外表面的塑料相容的合成物。
这里应当理解，术语“相容性”意指焊接到罐上的薄片的层的相应合成物和在孔口的区域中的罐的外壁的成分的化学和物理相容性。良好的相容性防止焊接部分的相应合成物的某些成分的分离现象，也防止不利于罐的性质的化学反应和物理现象，罐的孔口因此被封闭。通常，良好的相容性确保薄片长期地附着于罐上。
根据本发明的一个特别优选的系统是，其中罐与薄片一样包括一个液体和气体不可透过的阻挡(或防渗)层，薄片和罐的阻挡层可以是相同的或不同的，通常，这些阻挡层优选地是相同的，特别是当它们包括相同的阻挡合成物时。
这些阻挡合成物可以被结合到薄片的各层之一中或可以将一个专门的附加层插入结构中，该附加层主要包括一个阻挡合成物，优选地，一个主要包括阻挡合成物的附加层被插入到结构中。
当罐具有多层结构时，薄片的多层结构可以不同于罐的壁自身的多层结构，但也可以与其相同。薄片的结构与罐的壁的结构相同的封闭系统通常是优选的，最优选的是这样的系统，其中在相同的结构内，阻挡合成物自身是相同的并构成相同的聚合层。
作为一种变型，薄片的多层结构也可以包括两个不同的阻挡层，根据该变型的一个优选实施方式是薄片具有两个与罐的壁相同的完整结构，一个叠置在另一个上面，并由两个与罐的壁相同的结构的压制来产生。
另一种变型是在薄片的边缘附近制造一个凸起，其中多个层的厚度被减小，特别是除了阻挡层之外的层的厚度。在这种情况下的好处是进一步限制因薄片被焊接到罐的地方的输送所导致的损失的风险。
应当理解，表达“薄片的外层”意指这样的一层，其表面中的一个邻接薄片的另一层，而其另一个表面与该薄片的外部环境接触。
根据本发明的系统是非常适合封闭一个罐的单一孔口的，它也适合封闭位于罐中的附件之上的孔口。
根据按照本发明的封闭系统的一个特别优选的实施方式，薄片被固定到位于罐的内部上的至少一个附件上，应当理解，术语“附件”通常意指液体或气体通过的任何元件，或一个接触液体或气体的元件，并且实现对于一个罐形成其一部分的装置特定的一个特殊的作用，包括在两个其它元件之间输送液体和/或气体的作用。
这些附件的例子包括但不局限于下列各项：
一个容纳任何化学或物理合成物的容器，特别是一个吸附蒸汽容器；
一个流量计或气压计；
一个端接在流量计或气压计中的电连接件；
一个液泵或气泵；
一个用于罐在某些特定情况下的受控封闭件的安全阀；
一个用于接收液体的可排放容器；
一个用于向液泵或气泵的马达供电的电接头；
一个用于端接在任何装置的供应装置中的液体管路，特别是用于发动机的供应装置中的液体管路；
一个液体/蒸汽分离装置。
在存在的相同附件的几个例子中，可以随意地使用至少两个附件的任何组合。
根据本实施方式，附件被固定到薄片，即它通过一个机械装置连接到薄片。通过任何与罐的类型、被存储在罐中的液体和气体的性质以及罐被摆放的正常用法相容的机械装置，附件被固定到薄片上，薄片可以提供一个夹紧和输送附件的装置。例如，能够使用这样一个薄片，其中附件由一个机械固定装置固定到该薄片上，这些装置例如是螺钉、螺栓、螺母、夹紧系统等等。还能够使用这样一种薄片和附件，它们从制造开始一直就被固定在一起，例如通过模制，使用一种具有更持久特征的固定装置也是可能的，例如粘接或焊接，通常，附件通过焊接被固定到薄片是优选的。
固定到薄片上的附件相对于薄片提供在薄片的一个表面上，当已经封闭时，该表面在罐的内侧。
各种类型的附件适合于该实施方式，作为例子，提出ROV(翻转阀)阀，即如果罐颠倒的话将会自动关闭的阀，ORVR阀(运载工具上的加燃料蒸汽回收)阀，即在给罐加燃料时用于蒸汽回收的装置，和OBD(运载工具上的诊断)装置，以及液体/蒸汽分离器。
这些附件中的一些可以包括至少一个管子，该管子通过一个在薄片中钻出的孔穿过薄片，在这种情况下通常有利的是，给管子的出口孔提供一个密封件。
薄片也可以如此形成，即尽可能地适合要封闭的孔口的周围环境和附件的形状和尺寸，其中薄片被固定到该附件上。
固定到一个液体蒸汽分离器上的薄片具有好的效果，液体蒸汽分离器包括经由一个孔通过薄片的蒸汽排出管。
一个特定的封闭系统是使用一个具有壁的罐，该壁在孔口附近带有若干固定耳，在焊接操作的过程中，如果该壁遭到弹性变形，这些固定耳使壁得到支撑。
本发明还涉及用一种多层结构的塑料薄片封闭一个塑料罐的孔口的方法，在孔口的周边焊接到罐的壁上的该薄片的外层具有一种合成物，该合成物与形成罐的外表面的塑料相容，其中薄片的周边区域在焊接之前被变薄，以便根据下面的关系适应其几何结构：
                   1/e≥5
其中1表示变薄区域的宽度而e表示其厚度，两者都以同样的长度单位表示。
在该方法中，公用的特定术语和表达完全具有与在上面关于封闭系统所述的术语和表达相同的意义，公用术语和表达例如有罐、孔口、封闭、塑料、多层结构、薄片、焊接、在孔口的周边周围、相容的合成物。
用于该方法中的薄片可以来自不同的来源，例如，它可能已经在不同的时间和通过一种特定的工艺独立于罐本身制造，该工艺不必与用来制造罐的工艺相同。例如，薄片可以通过共挤压被获得，在共挤压之后可选择地进行压缩模制处理。它还可以通过使用许多公知技术中的一种的模制法来获得，例如，该技术是吹制法、压缩模制法、注射模制法和热成型。
当薄片独立于罐制造时，一个尺寸稍小于薄片的尺寸的孔口在罐中制作出，然后通过焊接薄片，孔口被封闭。
作为一个变型，薄片可以与罐同时制造并从用来制造罐的多层结构的塑料上切割。从与配装附件的罐的生产同步的观点来看，该方法是特别有利的，例如，在罐或其一部分被制造之后，直接从罐的壁的一个区域切下薄片是可能的。该变型假定罐的多层结构的最里面的外层与其最外层是相容的。
另一个变型是，假如罐的生产废料具有合适的多层结构，则从该生产废料上切下薄片。
从罐的辅助部件上切下薄片也是可能的，特别是为该目的而设计并与罐同时制造的辅助部件。
最后，通过将两个与罐的壁相同的结构压制在一起，制造包括两个完整结构的薄片也是可能的，该两个完整结构与罐的壁的结构相同。假如这样的话，例如压制用于制造罐的型坯的一个特定部分是可能的，为了这么做，最有利地是两个相同的薄片结构用与压制罐相同的生产模具压制。
任何合适的技术都可以用来制造薄片的被变薄的周边区域，比较适合的技术是成形技术，例如热成形和挤压模制方法。
将薄片焊接到罐的工作可以通过任何本身通常已知的技术来完成，例如，使用加热板焊接技术或激光焊接技术都是可能的，加热板焊接技术是优选的，将薄片焊接到罐的技术可以不同于该薄片的被变薄的周边区域的技术。
根据本发明，薄片的被变薄的部分通过激光照射或红外照射焊接技术来焊接。
按照一个实施根据本发明的方法的优选方式，一种激光照射或红外照射不能穿透的合成物被结合到与罐的外表面接触的变薄区域的塑料层中。
有利地，该实施方法制造这样的罐，其中由薄片的被变薄的周边区域的激光照射或红外照射进行的焊接是质量比较好的。应当理解，表达“激光照射或红外照射不能穿透的合成物”意指一种吸收和/或反射相当大一部分的激光照射或红外照射能量的合成物。这种合成物中具有良好效果的一个例子是炭黑填充剂，有利地，该合成物被均匀分布到整个直接接触罐的壁的层的聚合材料中。
按照一个根据本发明的方法的特定方案，至少一个附件在罐的内部上被固定到薄片，通常任何固定方法可能都是合适的，只要它与罐、罐容纳的液体和气体的性质以及罐的工作条件相容。
然而，优选地是使用一种焊接方法来实现该固定操作。
这里再次说明，术语和表达“固定”以及“在罐内部”与前面已经关于封闭系统所作出的解释具有同样的意义。
在该实施根据本发明的方法的特定方式中，第一变型包括，通过在孔口的周边周围焊接被固定到附件上的薄片来封闭罐的孔口之前，至少将一个附件焊接到薄片上。
用该方法，薄片起附件的支撑物的作用，并使附件容易引入到罐中。
相反，第二变型包括，在第一步骤中将至少一个附件固定到罐靠近孔口的内壁，并在随后的第二步骤中，通过同时将薄片焊接到附件上和孔口的周边附近来封闭罐。
在所采用的一个或其它实施方法中，当实施将薄片焊接到罐的壁上的操作时，当该壁由于任何原因在孔口附近受到弹性变形时，一个问题可能发生，该原因例如是由于其自身重力的影响，由于在焊接过程中垂直于罐的表面施加的力。实际上，当罐直接制造时和当其壁的温度仍然比较高时，一种类似的情况可能会发生，另一个原因可能是孔口的直径比较大，在孔口的边缘附近的塑料不再象在小孔口的情况下那样被有效地支撑。
本发明还涉及一种封闭方法，通过在焊接薄片的工作过程中，用模制到该壁的若干固定耳在孔口的区域内支撑罐的壁，该方法克服了罐的壁的这些弹性变形的问题。
在孔口的周边附近，固定耳被模制到罐的外壁上，罐的壁在该点通过夹紧固定耳的夹具得到支撑。
当薄片正在被从罐的壁上切下时，也可以使用与上述固定耳相似的固定耳，以便防止该壁变形。
在焊接操作之前也可以使用固定耳，以纠正可能发生在罐的表面上的平面度的不足。
最后，它们还可以帮助使罐的外表面的形状达到与薄片的形状的完美一致。
本发明还涉及上述方法的使用，以封闭一个燃料箱的孔口，特别是用于机动车辆的燃料箱。
应当理解，术语“机动车辆加意指由内燃机驱动的车辆，例如卡车、轿车和摩托车。
所附的图是为了说明本发明的目的被给出，而不是用来限制本发明的范围。
附图表示一个罐11，其壁由一种多层结构形成，该多层结构包括一个被两个HDPE层包围的EVOH阻挡层，通过一个很薄的80微米的粘合剂的中间层，阻挡层被固定到HDPE层，该粘合剂由来自日本三井公司的商标为ADMERL2100的接枝马来酐的聚乙烯。罐11的壁的多层结构具有一个孔口，在孔口中，一个虹吸管2被扣接固定在罐11的壁4的承垫5上，一个通气的ROV阀3还是通过扣接固定方式被固定到虹吸管2上，通气的ROV阀3具有一个浮子6，并设有一个聚缩醛的裙部3。
一个多层结构的薄片1通过热成形模制而成，薄片1包括一个EVOH阻挡层9、一个HDPE层8和一个由HDPE制成的层10，制成层10的HDPE用0.2％重量百分比的炭黑填充，以便在具有10毫米宽度的薄片1的周边区域13、14周围获得一个变薄的形状，直到由炭黑填充的HDPE的层获得0.8毫米的厚度e为止。该薄片1通过加热板焊接被焊接到罐的外表面12，由炭黑填充的层10放置成与罐11的壁接触，然后，薄片1的变薄的周边区域13、14通过激光束焊接，激光束在邻接加热板焊接区域12的罐的外部上方扫描，所采用的激光是FAP式的钇铝石榴石二极管激光，激光具有809纳米的波长和35瓦的能量，用于脉冲模式中。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于封闭塑料罐的孔口的系统，它由在所述孔口的周边附近焊接到罐的壁上的塑料薄片形成，所述薄片由包括阻挡层的多层结构形成，焊接到罐上的该结构的外层具有与形成罐的外表面的塑料相容的合成物，其特征在于，在焊接区域，所述薄片的周边区域被变薄以便根据下面的关系适应其几何结构：
                       l/e≥5
其中l表示变薄区域的宽度，而e表示接触罐的壁的层的厚度，两者都以同样的长度单位表示。
2.如前述权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，l/e的比率至少是8。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述罐由多层结构构成。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述罐和薄片由相同的多层结构构成。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述薄片固定到至少一个位于所述罐的内部的附件上。
6.一种用多层结构的塑料薄片封闭塑料罐的孔口的方法，在所述孔口的周边附近焊接到罐的壁上的该薄片的外层具有合成物，该合成物与形成所述罐的外表面的塑料相容，其特征在于，所述薄片的周边区域在焊接之前被变薄，以便根据下面的关系适应其几何结构：
                       l/e≥5
其中l表示变薄的区域的宽度，而e表示其厚度，两者都以同样的长度单位表示。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述变薄的部分通过激光照射或红外照射焊接技术进行焊接。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将激光照射或红外照射不能穿透的合成物结合到与所述罐的外表面接触的变薄区域的塑料层中。
9.如权利要求6至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述薄片的周边区域用一种选自热成形和挤压模制的方法变窄。
10.一种如权利要求6至9中任一项所述的方法的用途，以封闭供机动车辆使用的燃料箱的孔口。
CNB028260724A 2001-10-24 2002-10-22 用于封闭罐的孔口的系统和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1282558C (zh)

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US20040256587A1 (en) 2004-12-23
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