CN1606857A - 通过汇集高数据率传输的多路无线通信信道来传送分组数据的方法和系统 - Google Patents

通过汇集高数据率传输的多路无线通信信道来传送分组数据的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN1606857A
CN1606857A CNA028257405A CN02825740A CN1606857A CN 1606857 A CN1606857 A CN 1606857A CN A028257405 A CNA028257405 A CN A028257405A CN 02825740 A CN02825740 A CN 02825740A CN 1606857 A CN1606857 A CN 1606857A
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packet
communication channel
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applicable
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CN100466647C (zh
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A·格尔米赫
D·马拉笛
M·K·斯帕茨
S·维雷帕里
N·加因
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Abstract

一种移动无线终端(MWT)(206)以预定的序列次序来接收地面网络(234)所指定的IP包(404)。MWT(206)可以将各个IP包分成为许多较小的包分帧(406)，将识别信息附加于各个包分帧(408)，并且通过并发工作的卫星信道(240a－240n)以相互并行的方式来传输包分帧(416)。接收基站(180)接收由MWT(206)所传输的包分帧(904)。接收基站(180)根据附加在包分帧上的识别信息通过网络连接将所接收到的包分帧发送至地面控制器(232)。地面控制器(232)根据附加在包分帧上的识别信息将包分帧(908)组合成重新构成的IP包。地面控制器(232)也根据识别信息以预定的序列次序来排序重新构成的IP包(1006)。地面控制器(232)将重新构成的IP包(1008)以校正后的序列次序发送至目的地面网络(234)。相同序列的事件会以相反方向来产生，即，从地面控制器到MWT(206)。

Description

通过汇集高数据率传输的多路无线通信信道来传送分组数据的方法和系统
                   相关申请
本申请享有2001年10月25日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号No.60/335,680、题为“适用于高数据率传输的综合多路无线通信信道的方法和系统”的优先权，并通过完全引用该申请包含与此。
                   发明背景
技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信系统，尤其涉及可在数据网络环境中工作的这类系统。
背景技术
随着移动通信系统的使用变得越来越普及，也提出了更多更完善服务的需求。为了能满足移动通信系统的容量需要，已经开发了对有限通信资源的多路寻址技术。码分多址(CDMA)调制技术的使用是便于有大量系统用户的通信的几种技术中的一种技术。在本领域中，某些其它多址通信系统技术也都是众所周知的，例如，时分多址(TDMA)和频分多址(FDMA)。
在多址通信系统中，使用CDMA技术在本领域中是很熟悉的，在1990年2月13日发布的美国专利No.4,901,307，题为“使用卫星或地面发送器的扩频多址通信系统”中披露了这一技术，并且该专利已转让于本发明的受让人。
众所周知，卫星通信系统有利于通过一个卫星通信信道或者链路为在地理分开的用户终端之间提供无线连接。在1998年9月22日发布的美国专利No.5,812,538，题为“具有多路扩频网关天线的多路卫星发送器的容量承载”中披露了一例基于CDMA的典型卫星通信系统，并且该专利已转让于本发明的代理人。用户终端可以使用最高的数据速率与另一个用户终端交换数据，最高数据速率受到在卫星通信链路的数据传输带宽的限制。这就存在着提高数据传输带宽从而用户终端可以最高数据速率通过无线通信链路来交换数据的迫切需要。
最普通的用途是计算机用户和计算机服务器通过诸如互联网连接的数据网络连接相互之间进行通信。这就需要建立这类使用无线链路的连接，例如，卫星通信链路，从而使得在移动用户和服务器之间建立网络连接。出于上述原因，当使用这类无线网络连接时，也需要最高的数据传输带宽。
上述提及的用户和服务器可以通过在用户和服务器之间的网络连接，使用从诸如TCP/IP的IP协议组中选出的协议，相互交换数据包。这类数据包可称之为IP数据包(或者IP包)。网络连接会产生在用户和服务器之间的IP包流的某些重新排列，因为通过不同的网络路由在用户和服务器之间会发送不同的IP包。出于上述原因，就需要在网络连接中包含着无线链路。
某些无线链路，包括上述卫星通信链路，都采用了重要的误差校正协议，以确保可靠的无线数据传输。随着IP包流经过网络连接，误差校正协议会产生其它IP包的重新排列。其结果是，用户以预定序列次序传输的IP包会以一个不同排列的序列到达服务器。这类累积性的IP包重新排列可以调用各种TCP/IP误差校正机制，例如，IP包的重新传输，这样就会不利地降低网络连接的数据传输带宽。因此，就需要在用户和服务器之间通过包括诸如卫星通信链路的可靠无线链路的网络连接来发送IP包，从而避免累积性的IP包重新排列，以及在用户和服务器之间保持高数据率的传输。
                          发明概述
本发明是一种适用于在无线通信系统中传输IP包的方法，该方法通过将多路无线通信信道，例如，卫星通信信道，综合到一个公共的通信链路中，来提高在信道之间的有效数据传输带宽，因此，用户终端可以最高数据速率通过常用的通信链路来交换数据。
本发明可以用于在最终用户终端(例如，一个用户和一个服务器)之间通过一个无线链路，例如，卫星通信链路，来建立网络连接，从而使得在移动用户和服务器之间建立网络连接。当使用这类无线网络连接时，本发明可具有最高的数据传输带宽，以获得高的数据速率传输。
本发明可以在最终用户终端(例如，用户和服务器)之间通过一个包括诸如卫星通信链路的可靠无线通信链路来发送IP包，采用这种方式可以避免累积性的IP包重新排列，从而在最终用户终端之间保持着高的数据速率传输。
本发明能够将多路、可靠的无线通信链路综合在工作在一个网络环境(例如，互联网)中常用的通信信道中，采用这样的方式就使得对诸如TCP/IP的标准网络协议能够透明。
本发明的一例典型的系统将集合承载从本发明的移动部分流至本发明的地面部分的IP包的通信信道。移动部分包括一个移动无线终端(MWT)。MWT接收来自移动部分的网络的，面向地面网络的IP包。MWT以预定的序列次序从移动网络中接收IP包。MWT将各个IP包分成许多较小的包分帧，将标识符附加在各个包分帧上，并通过同时工作的卫星信道相互之间并行传输包分帧。
地面部分包括一个接收站，例如，一个网关站，以及一个地面控制器，它通过一个或多个数据网络与网关基站相连接。接收基站以无线的方式来接收由MWT所传输的包分帧。接收基站根据附加在包分帧上的标识符，将所接收到的包分帧通过一个网络连接发送至一个地面控制器。包分帧通常都不是按次序到达接收基站和地面控制器的。
地面控制器根据附加在包分帧上的标识符将包分帧组合成重新构成的IP包。地面控制器也可以根据标识符以预定的序列次序来排序重新构成的IP包。地面控制器以校正后的序列次序将重新构成的IP包发送至所目标地面网络。
一例典型的系统综合了通信信道，将来自地面部分的IP包分帧流发送至移动部分，或者相反方向。因此，移动部分，例如，MWT，根据本发明就能够实施综合信道的传输和接收两项方法。同样，地面部分，例如，根据本发明的接收基站和地面控制器一起可以实施综合信道的接收和传输两项方法。
本发明的一个实施例是一种传输方法，该方法使用了多路CDMA通信信道的综合。该传输方法包括接收至少一个IP数据包，将IP数据包分成为多个小于IP数据包的包分帧，各个包分帧都附加一个分帧标识符(ID)和一个包序列ID，各个包分帧都附加一个IP头文件，其中，该IP头文件包括一个源IP地址和一个目的IP地址，该源IP地址是与传输该包的信道有关的IP地址，而目的IP地址是地面控制器的IP地址；并且通过多个同时工作CDMA通信信道来无线传输多个包分帧。该传输方法还包括以预定的序列次序来接收多个IP数据包，并且通过适用于各个IP数据包的传输步骤来执行分帧，使得各个所传输的包分帧包括一个对应于以预定序列次序接收到的IP数据包中的一个数据包的序列ID。
本发明的实施例的另一方面，无线传输包括通过并发工作通信信道中所对应的一个信道同时传输多个包分帧中的至少两个包分帧。附加IP头文件的步骤包括除了IP头文件之外向各个包分帧附加一个传输协议头文件，该传输协议头文件分别对应于传输各个包分帧的相应的一个通信信道。
在无线传输之前设置各个并发工作CDMA通信信道，并预先确定各个包分帧，以便于通过多个并发工作CDMA通信信道中所选择的一个信道来传输。这类预先确定包括以预先确定的信道选择次序来选择一个所述的通信信道，以及预先确定包分帧通过以预先确定信道选择的次序所选择的通信信道中的一个相应信道传输。或者，预先确定包括监测数据误差率，该误差率与各个通信信道有关，可根据所监测的数据误差率来选择一组较佳通信信道，以及预先确定适用于通过组较佳通信信道传输的多个包分帧。
在另一实施例中，提供了一种接收方法，它适用于综合多路CDMA通信信道。该接收方法包括通过多个并发工作的CDMA通信信道来无线接收多个IP包分帧，各个IP包分帧包括一个包分帧ID，一个将IP数据包与IP数据包分帧联系起来的包序列ID，和一个包括一个IP地址的IP头文件。该接收方法还包括将各个接收到的IP包分帧发送至在IP头文件中所包括的IP地址，并且根据分帧的ID和包序列的ID将发送的IP包分帧组合成一个结合的IP数据包。多个所接收到的IP包分帧可以与多个不同的IP数据包相结合。当处于这种情况下，该接收方法还包括重复发送和组合的步骤，以便于各个不同的IP数据包可以产生多个重新构成的IP数据包，并且根据包序列ID来排序多个重新构成的IP数据包。
本发明的实施例的另一方面，无线接收包括通过并发工作通信信道中所对应的一个通信信道同时接收多个包分帧中的至少两个包分帧。
在另外一个方面，该排序涉及在根据由包序列ID所标识的预定序列次序来重新构成乱序的IP数据包时多个重新构成的IP数据包重新排序。当所接收到的多个IP数据包分帧与多个不同IP数据包相结合时，该方法还包括重复发送和组合的步骤，以便于各个不同的IP数据包可以根据序列ID以包序列次序产生多个重新构成的IP数据包。
本发明的另一方面是一种组合传输和接收方法的综合多路CDMA通信信道的整体方法。该整体方法包括接收至少一个IP数据包，将IP数据包分成多个小于IP数据包的包分帧，各个包分帧附加一个分帧ID和一个包序列ID，各个包分帧附加一个IP头文件，其中，IP头文件包括一个源IP地址和一个目的IP地址，源IP地址是结合传输包的信道的IP地址，而目的IP地址是地面控制器的IP地址，并且通过多个并发工作的CDMA通信信道来无线传输多个包分帧。该整体方法还包括无线接收多个IP包分帧，向IP头文件中所包括的IP地址发送所接收到的每个IP包分帧，并且根据分帧ID和包序列ID将发送的IP包分帧重新组合成至少一个IP数据包。
本发明的另一方面是一种适用于综合多路CDMA通信信道的传输系统。该传输系统包括一个或多个适用于接收至少一个IP数据包的控制器，其中，至少一个控制器具有一个分帧器，该分帧器可以将IP数据包分成多个小于IP数据包的包分帧，并且向各个包分帧附加一个分帧ID和一个包序列ID。分帧器也包括一个IP模块，它将一个包括一个IP地址的IP头文件附加在各个包分帧。该传输系统还包括多个无线调制解调器或者收发器元件或模块，适用于通过多个并发工作的CDMA通信信道中对应的一个信道来无线传输多个包分帧。
该传输系统的另一方面，一个或多个控制器适用于以预定的序列次序来接收多个IP数据包，分帧器适用于将各个IP数据包分成多个较小的IP包分帧，并且向各个分帧附加对应于预定序列次序的一个分帧ID和一个包序列ID。IP模块适用于将包括一个IP地址的IP头文件附加给各个包分帧。
控制器适用于使得至少两个无线调制解调器可通过并发工作的通信信道中所对应的一个信道同时传输多个包分帧中的至少两个包分帧，并且IP模块适用于将一个传输协议头文件附加在各个包分帧，除了IP头文件之外，传输协议头文件对应于每一个无线调制解调器以及传输包分帧的通信信道。一个或多个控制器和无线调制解调器可以驻留在一个移动无线终端中。或者，一个或多个控制器可以分别设置在连接着一个或多个基于地面包数据网络的一个网关基站和一个地面控制器中，并且无线调制解调器可以驻留在网关基站中。
此外，至少一个控制器包括一个调度器，该调度器可以预先确定包分帧，以便于通过多个并发工作CDMA通信信道中所选择的一个通信信道来传输。调度器包括适用于以预定信道选择次序来选择各个通信信道的部件，以及适用于预先确定各个包分帧以便于通过预定信道选择次序所选择的各个通信信道来传输的部件。另外，至少一个控制器可以包括适用于监测与各个通信信道相关的数据误差率的部件。在这种情况下，调度器包括适用于根据所监测到的数据误差率从多个通信信道中选择一组较佳通信信道的部件，以及适用于预先确定通过该组较佳通信信道传输的多个包分帧的部件。
本发明实施例的另外一个方面是一个适用于综合多路CDMA通信信道的接收系统。该接收系统包括多个无线调制解调器，适用于通过多个并发工作的CDMA通信信道来无线接收多个IP包分帧，各个通信信道对应于相应的一个无线调制解调器，各个包分帧包括一个分帧ID，一个将IP数据包和IP包分帧相联系的包序列ID，以及一个包括一个IP地址的IP头文件。该接收系统也包括一个或多个控制器，其中一个或多个控制器中至少一个控制器具有适用于将各个所接收到的包分帧发送至在IP头文件中所包括的IP地址的部件，以及一个分帧整理器，它可以根据分帧ID和包序列ID将所发送的IP包分帧重新组合成一个结合的IP数据包。
无线调制解调器可以适用于通过并发工作的通信信道中所对应的一个信道同时接收多个包分帧中的至少两个包分帧。一个或多个控制器和无线调制解调器可以驻留在一个移动无线终端中，并且建立同时工作CDMA通信信道中的各个信道。
本发明的另一方面，多个包分帧可与多个不同的IP数据包相结合，并且发送部件适用于将各个包分帧通过传输信道发送至信道的IP地址，同时分帧整理器适用于将发送的包分帧重新组合成一个结合的IP数据包，以产生多个重新构成的IP数据包，并且至少一个控制器包括一个成序器，它根据包序列ID将重新构成的IP数据包进行排序。
在另一个实施例中，控制器可以分别设置在一个网关基站和一个地面控制器中，两者都连接着一个或多个基于地面的包数据网络，地面控制器具有一个对应于在IP包分帧头文件中所包括的IP地址的IP地址，并且其中无线调制解调器驻留在网关基站中。
本发明的还有一个方面是一个适用于综合多路CDMA通信信道的整体传输-接收系统。该整体系统包括以上所讨论的接收和传输系统中的元件。
术语：
IP    互联网协议
PPP   点对点协议
RLP   无线电链路协议
TCP   处理控制协议
UDP   用户数据报协议
                       附图的简要描述
从以下结合附图的详细阐述的描述中，本发明的性能、目标和优点将变得更加清晰，在附图中，类似的参考字符将在全部附图中标识相同或类似的元件，在附图中：
图1A图示了一例典型的常用卫星通信系统；
图1B是图1A所示系统的卫星的方框图；
图2是一例适用于综合多路码分多址卫星通信信道来获得媒介和高数据率传输的典型系统的方框图；
图3图示了在图2所示系统的一个移动部分和一个地面部分之间的接收/传输的互易特性；
图4是一例综合在图2所示系统中所执行的多路通信信道的传输方法的流程图；
图5是另一例扩展图4所示方法的传输方法步骤的流程图；
图6是一例传输预先确定方法的流程图；
图7是另一例传输预先确定方法的流程图；
图8图示了图4所示的传输方法部分以及由该方法所产生的包分帧的典型序列，适用于本发明所描述的各个实施例；
图9是一例综合在图2所示系统中所执行的多路通信信道的接收方法的流程图；
图10是另一例扩展图9所示方法的接收方法步骤的流程图；
图10A是一例在图2所示系统中能够实施系统方法的流程图；
图11图示了另一例典型的接收方法，它与图8所示的传输方法步骤相组合，并且还分别与传输和接收方法所产生的所示包分帧的传输和接收序列相组合；
图12是一例在图2所示系统的各种元件之间的分层协议连接的方框图；
图13图示了一例在图2所示系统中连接着一个MWT和一个地面控制器的UDP/IP数据隧穿；
图14是一例在图2所示系统中的MWT控制器的功能方框图；和，
图15是一例适用于实现实施例方法的计算机系统的方框图。
                       发明实施例的详细描述
I.典型的卫星系统
图1A图示了一例适用于本发明实施例的典型的卫星通信系统100。在详细说明实施例之前，首先对通信系统100进行描述，以便于更全面地了解本发明。在概念上，可以将通信系统100再分成多个部分101、102、103和104。本文将部分101称之为空间部分，部分102称之为用户部分，部分103称之为地面(陆地)部分，以及部分104称之为电话系统或数据网络的基础设施设施部分。典型的卫星通信系统100包括总数为48颗卫星120，例如，1414公里的低地球轨道(LEO)卫星。卫星120分布在轨道上，以便于提供接近于全地球的覆盖，较佳的是，从在大约70度南纬和大约70度北纬之间的一个指定用户的位置上来看，任何时间都有至少两颗卫星在视野中。严格说来，用户能够在一个网关(GW)180所覆盖区域内的地球表面的任何位置，通过一个或多个网关180和一个或多个卫星120，也可能使用电话系统和数据网络基础设施部分104的部分，(通过公用交换电话网络(PSTN))与地球表面的另一位置相互通信。
在这点上，值得注意的是，上述和随后对系统100的讨论只表示一例可以使用本发明的教旨的通信系统的实例。也就是说，该通信系统的具体细节并不能阅读成或者解释成是对本发明实现的限制。也可以使用其它类型的卫星和同步卫星，例如，MEO或GEO，或者也可以在需要数据传输的场合下使用其它移动源或接收器(例如，在飞机上和在火车上)。
现在，继续讨论系统100，在卫星120之间的软传输(切换)处理过程，并且也是在各个卫星传输的16个波束中的各个波束之间的软传输，使用了扩频(SS)，码分多址(CDMA)技术来提供不中断的通信。目前，目前较佳的SS-CDMA技术类似于TIA/EIA暂定标准，“适用于双模式宽带扩频蜂窝式系统的移动台-基站兼容标准”(TIA/EIA/IS-95，1993年7月)，当然也可以使用其它扩频和CDMA技术及协议，或者某种时分多址(TDMA)系统。除了在电讯产业协会/电子工业协会(TIA/EIA)标准IS-95中所讨论的CDMA蜂窝式系统以外，在TIA/EIA标准IS-98中讨论了组合的AMPS & CDMA系统。在国际移动电讯系统2000/通用移动电讯系统或IMT-2000/UM标准中讨论了另一种通信系统，所覆盖的内容通常称之为宽带CDMA(WCDMA)，cdma2000(例如，cdma2000 1x-rxttcdma2000 1x，3x，或者MC标准)或者TD-SCDMA。基于卫星的通信系统也采用了上述或者类似的公知标准。
低地球轨道的使用允许低功率固定的、便携的或者移动无线用户终端130可以通过卫星120进行通信，举例来说，其功能之一是“弯曲导管”发送器，它用于接收来自用户终端130或来自网关180的通信业务信号(例如，语音和/或数据)，根据需要将所接收到的通信业务信号转换成另一频率带宽的信号，并随后重新传输该转换了的信号。
用户部分102可以包括多种用户终端130，它可以适用于与卫星120的通信。用户终端130各自具有或包括，例如，多个不同类型的固定和移动用户终端，可以是但并不限制于，蜂窝式电话、无线手持设备、数据发送器、或者寻呼机或位置确定接收器，或者移动无线电电话。此外，各种用户终端130可以根据需要是手持的，车载式便携的(包括，例如，轿车、卡车、轮船、火车和飞机)，或者固定的。例如，图1所图示的用户终端140是手持式设备，用户终端150是车载式设备，并且用户终端160是寻呼机/消息类设备和固定的无线电电话。无线通信设备有时也称之为用户终端、移动台、移动单元、用户单元、移动无线电或者无线电电话、无线单元、或者在某些通信系统中可以根据喜好简称之为“用户”、“客户”、“终端”和“移动”。用户终端130较佳的是具有全向天线130A，以便于通过一个或多个卫星120进行双向通信。各个天线130A都可以是一个包括单独传输和接收天线的天线组件。
再参考图1B，用户终端130可以具有以全工模式操作的能力，以及例如，能够分别通过返回和前向的卫星发送器120A和120B的L波段RF链路(上行或返回链路170B)和S波段RF链路(下行或前向链路170A)实现通信。返回L波段RF链路170B可以在1.61GHz至1.625GHz的频率范围内工作，其带宽为16.5MHz，并且可以根据较佳扩频技术采用打包数字语音信号和/或数据信号进行调制。前向S波段RF链路170A可以在2.485GHz至2.5GHz的频率范围内工作，带宽为16.5MHz。
前向RF链路170A也可以根据扩频技术在网关180采用打包数字语音信号和/或数据信号进行调制。前向链路的16.5MHz带宽分成为具有13子束的16束，有效地形成208FDM信道，各个信道还可以兼容大约128码信道，各个用户都可以指定每一个前向链路码信道，添加导航信号，以及其它等等。返回链路具有各种不同的带宽，并且一个指定的用户终端130可以或者可以不指定一个不同于前向链路信道的信道。
地面部分103包括至少一个但一般都是多个网关180，这些网关可以使用诸如在大约3GHz频率范围内和最好是C波段工作的全双工复用器C波段RF链路190(前向链路190A(往卫星)，返回链路190B(来自卫星))与卫星120通信。C波段RF链路双向传送通信馈入链路，并且将卫星命令传送到卫星和传送来自卫星的遥感勘测信息。前向馈入链路190A可以在5GHz至5.25GHz的带宽中工作，而返回馈入链路190及可以在6.875GHz至7.075GHz的带宽中工作。举例来说，通过一个指定的卫星120可以产生几千个全双工通信。根据系统100的性能，两个或多个卫星120可以各自传送在一个指定的用户终端130和一个网关180之间的相同通信。
应该指出的是，本文所讨论的所有频率、带宽以及其它等等只是一个特殊系统的表示。可以在不改变所讨论的原理的条件下使用其它频率和频率带宽。作为一个实例，在网关和卫星之间的馈入链路可以使用不是C波段(高于大约3GHz至大约7GHz)的波段频率，例如，Ku波段(大约100GHz至大约15GHz)或者Ka波段(大约15GHz)。
网关180的功能是将卫星120的通信载荷或收发器120A和120B(图1B)与电话系统和数据网络基础设施部分104相耦合。部分104包括电话网络192和数据网络194，该数据网络也可以与电话网络相互连接，或者只连接着网关和基站。电话网络192可以包括私有电话系统和公用电话系统，例如，PSTN，电话网络192与计算机终端195和电话196相耦合。数据网络194包括局域和广域包切换数据网络，例如，互联网或企业内部互联网。数据网络194与计算机终端197相耦合。
正如图1A所示，作为地面部分103的一部分是一个卫星操作控制中心(SOCC)136和一个地面操作控制中(GOCC)138。通信路径可以包括一个地面数据网络(GDN)139，它提供了地面部分103的网关180、SOCC36和GOCC38之间的互连。通信系统100的这一部分提供了整体的系统控制功能。
II.系统概述
图2是一例适用于综合多路码分多址(CDMA)卫星通信信道以获得媒体和高数据率传输的系统200的方框图。系统200包括一个移动部分202，一个或多个卫星120，以及一个地面部分204。在典型配置中，移动部分202可安装在移动平台上，例如，航空器。然而，其它形式的运输工具，例如，火车、轮船、汽车或者轻轨，都可以在使用本发明的实施例中会发现优点。
移动部分202包括一个MWT206，它可以通过诸如以太网链路、基于蓝牙的无线链路的通信链路210，或者使用基于802.11(IEEE)标准协议的无线传输系统与一个数据网络208相耦合。一个或多个计算机终端212a-212n与数据网络208相耦合。该系统也试图使用具有无线或有线调制解调器的手持或膝上计算机、PDA、传真机和其它数据传输设备，包括但并不限制于，游戏设备、寻呼设备以及其它需要相用户传输数据的设备。数据网络208可以是局域网(LAN)、或者任何其它公知的网络。数据网络208可以包括数据路由器并且可以连接着其它网路。
MWT206包括天线109A，用于向地面部分204传输信号或者接收来自地面部分204的信号。MWT206包括一个与通信链路210相耦合的控制器(即，一个或多个控制器或信号处理器)214。控制器214提供了要通过连接在控制器214和卫星调制解调器216之间的多个相对应的数据链路218a-218n向多个卫星调制解调器216a-216n传输的数据。数据连接218可以是串连的数据连接。卫星调制解调器216通过多个RF连接222a-222n向功率合成和分离组件220提供RF信号，或者接收来自功率合成和分离组件220的RF信号。功率合成和分离组件220包括一个传输功率放大器，它用于放大由卫星调制解调器216所接收到的RF信号。在一个传输方向上，组件220组合和功率放大从卫星调制解调器216所接收到的RF信号，并且向天线130A提供一个组合的RF传输信号。在一个接收方向上，组件220将从天线130A所接收到的RF信号提供给各个卫星调制解调器216。
地面部分204包括网关基站180(也称之为网关180)，用于通过卫星120向移动部分202传输信号和接收来自移动部分202的信号。网关数据路由器230将网关基站180连接着一个或多个私有和/或公用包数据网络，包括，互联网。地面部分204也包括一个地面控制器232，它通过网关路由器230连接着上述网络、地面控制器232可以服务多个网关180。地面控制器232通过一个第二数据路由器236与一个或多个诸如互联网的包数据网络234相耦合。多个计算机终端236a-236n或者其它设备可以与包数据网路234耦合。其它能够与一个远程网络相连接的设备可以包括用于打印照片的远程打印机、传真设备、存储设备、允许用户视觉观察的安全系统或监控系统，以及其它一般使用较高数据率传输的设备。
网关基站180包括多个对应于MWT206的卫星调制解调器216的卫星调制解调器226a-226n。网关基站180也可以包括一个网关控制器(即，一个或多个控制器)228，用于控制卫星调制解调器226和在网关基站180中的各种功能。移动部分202通过在MWT206和网关基站180之间建立的多个CDMA卫星通信链路240a-240n与地面部分204通信。卫星通信链路240a-240n可以相互并发工作。各个卫星通信链路240都支持以卫星上行和下行方向在MWT206和网关180之间传输数据的卫星业务信道。在MWT206中的各个卫星调制解调器216通过所对应的一个卫星通信链路240与网关基站180中所对应的卫星调制解调器226相通信。例如，在MWT216中的卫星调制解调器216a通过卫星通信链路240a与网关180中的卫星调制解调器226a交换数据。多个卫星通信信道240形成了在MWT206和网关基站180之间的空中接口250部分。
现在介绍系统200的简要工作概述，随后详细讨论本发明的实施例的各个方面。MWT206从网络208接收面向地面网络234的IP包。IP包可以预定序列或顺序序列来接收。MWT将各个IP包分成许多更小的IP包分帧，将识别信息附加在各个包分帧上，并通过并发工作的卫星信道240以相互并行的方式来传输包分帧。这类并行传输有利于减小通过空中接口250来传输各个IP包(尽管是多个包分帧)所需的时间。于是，相对于不能采用上述讨论方式工作的常规系统来说，本发明有利于提高数据传输/接收带宽。
网关基站180接收所传输的包分帧，并且将所接收到的包分帧发送至地面控制器232。相对于所传输的数据流来说，由于卫星链路误差校正协议的操作，包分帧到达网关基站180和地面控制器232时常都是基本乱序的。当由于失去信号而出现包分帧掉失时或者当所接收到的包分帧确定存在着误差时，这类误差校正协议会使得包分帧重新传输(从MWT206至网关180)。
地面控制器232根据附加在分帧上的识别信息将包分帧重新构成IP包。地面控制器232也可根据识别信息以预定的序列次序来排序重新构成的IP包。地面控制器232以校正的序列次序将重新构成的IP包发送至地面网络234。地面网络234可以标准TCP/IP协议工作，例如，它可以不包容上述的包分帧的“乱序”传输或者重新排序(由于重新传输，等等)。然而，本发明有利地将地面网络234和这类重新排序相隔离，因为该排序是由地面控制器234来执行的。
在本发明的一个典型结构中，各个卫星通信信道都具有大约9.6Kbps(每秒千比特)的数据传输带宽。在典型的结构中，最多24个卫星调制解调器或发送器调制解调器216，从而24个卫星信道240都是并发工作的，从而可获得大约230Kbps(24×9.6Kbps＝230.4Kbps)的综合传输带宽。也可以综合或多或少的通信信道，以获得相对不同的数据传输带宽。
上述所讨论的处理过程也可以发生于相反或互易方向上，即，以地面网络234为源而以移动网络208为目的的IP包。然而，对应基于CDMA的通信系统来说，前向链路使用频分复用(FDM)信道的码信道或者子波束来区分用户，而在返回链路上，可以使用子波束的用户指定码和M-ARY调制方案来区分用户。图3图示了这类在移动部分202和地面部分204之间的接收/传输的互易性。为了能综合以方向310从移动部分202至地面部分204传输数据的通信信道，MWT206执行本发明的传输方法，而网关180和地面控制器232一起执行本发明的接收方法，它一般构成了与MWT206所执行的传输方法是互易的。为了能综合以方向312(与方向310相反)从地面部分204至移动部分202传输数据流的通信信道，网关180和地面控制器232一起执行本发明实施例的传输方法，而MWT206执行本发明实施例的接收方法，该方法与地面部分204所执行的传输方法是互易的。
由MWT206所执行的接收方法，以及由网关180和地面控制器232一起所执行的接收方法，基本上相同于由MWT206所执行的传输方法，以及由网关180和地面控制器232一起所执行的传输方法。为了简便和简化，以下主要以移动部分202(例如，以MWT206)的内容来讨论由本发明实施例所使用的传输方法，然而，应该理解的是，这类方法也可以采用地面部分204(例如，由网关180和地面控制器232)来实现。相类似，以下主要以地面部分204的内容来讨论由本发明实施例所使用的接收方法，然而，应该理解的是，这类方法也可以采用移动部分202来实现。
应该理解的是，上述以及随后的讨论并不表示以任何方式对本发明的限制。例如，本发明可以用于综合多路、基于地面、无线通信信道，例如，CDMA蜂窝式或个人通信服务(PCS)通信信道，以获得高数据率的传输。在本发明的一个典型基于地面的应用中，一个MWT可以驻留在一个基于陆地交通工具中，例如，汽车，并且可以包括多个并发工作的CDMA蜂窝式/PCS调制解调器或者发送器调制解调器或元件，以取代卫星调制解调器。MWT可以通过多个并发工作CDMA蜂窝式/PCS通信信道，与包括多个并发工作的CDMA蜂窝式/PCS调制解调器(取代卫星网关)的蜂窝式/PCS基站交换数据。
III.传输方法
图4是一例在移动和地面部分202和204中执行的综合通信信道的传输方法400的流程图。为了简便，传输方法400的讨论可以采用移动部分202的内容，即，以方向310。
在方法400的起始步骤402，MWT206与网关基站180一起建立多个并发工作的CDMA卫星通信信道，例如，通信链路240。
在接着的步骤404，MWT206接收至少一个来自诸如计算机212的数据网络208的IP数据包。IP数据包的目的可以是一个连接着地面部分204的地面网络234的计算机终端236，因此，它包括了一个对应于该目的的IP地址。
在后续步骤406，控制器214将IP数据包分成多个且各自小于IP包的IP包分帧。在本发明的一个结构中，控制器214将IP包分成其编号等于通信链路240a-240n的IP包分帧。然而，例如，也可以根据IP包的大小来使用分帧的不同编号。
在后续步骤408，控制器214将一个分帧头文件附加在各个包分帧上。分帧头文件包括一个分帧ID和一个IP包序列ID。分帧ID可用于识别在IP包中的各个分帧以及与属于该IP包的其它包分帧的相互关系。IP序列ID指定从网络208中接收IP包(属于该IP包的IP包分帧)的序列次序。
在后续步骤410，控制器214预先确定各个包分帧，用于通过从多个并发工作的CDMA卫星通信信道240中选择的一个信道进行传输。在如此做的过程中，控制器214对各个卫星调制解调器216指定各个包分帧，使得各个包分帧可以采用调制解调器通过所对应的卫星链路240传输到所指定的调制解调器。
在后续步骤412，控制器214将一个IP头文件附加在各个包分帧上，该IP头文件包括一个源IP地址，该源地址是与信道相关联的IP地址或者是与传输分帧的卫星调制解调器216有关的IP地址；以及一个目的IP地址，该目的IP地址是对应于一个地面控制器232IP地址的IP地址。在步骤412，除了IP头文件之外，还在各个包分帧上附加一个传输协议头文件，例如，一个UDP头文件。
在后续步骤414，控制器214根据一个链路层协议，例如，PPP，来处理包分帧。控制器214在各个包分帧上附加了一个链路层协议头文件(例如，一个PPP头文件)。
控制器214选择性压缩附加在包分帧上的各个头文件。正如以上所提及的，以便于减小包分帧的大小，从而保持数据传输的带宽。
在后续步骤416，MWT206使用卫星调制解调器216通过多个并发工作的通信信道240来传输多个包分帧。多个包分帧较佳地是采用相互并行，即，同时的方式，通过卫星信道240来传输，以减小向网关基站180传输IP包(作为包分帧的集)所需的时间量。可以在传输步骤416之前的任何时间，执行步骤402。
方法400也在地面部分204，即，以方向312，来执行。在该上下文中，地面控制器232接收来自面向移动部分202的一个计算机212的数据网络234的IP包。例如，路由器236可以将IP包发送至地面控制器232。地面控制器232将IP包分成多个分帧，将上述头文件附加在包上，并且将该包发送至网关基站180。所附加的IP头文件包括一个对应于卫星调制解调器216的IP地址。网关基站180可预先确定和传输从地面控制器232所接收到的包分帧。
图5是另一例移动和地面部分202和204所执行的附加传输方法步骤500的流程图。另外，在移动部分202的内容中讨论了传输方法。在第一附加传输步骤502，MWT206以预定的序列次序从网络208接收多个IP包。
在后续附加传输步骤504，正如以上所讨论的，MWT206对各个IP包执行步骤404至步骤416，使得各个所传输的包分帧包括一个对应于属于IP包的依次排列的包序列ID。
图6是一例扩展方法400的传输预先确定步骤410的实例方法600的流程图。在第一预先确定步骤602，控制器214根据预先确定的信道选择次序来选择各个通信信道240。
在后续预先确定步骤604，控制器214预先确定(即，指定)各个包分帧，以便于通过以预定信道选择次序来选择一个通信信道进行传输。例如，将一个第一分帧指定给卫星调制解调器216a，用于通过对应的卫星链路240a进行传输，将一个第二分帧指定给卫星调制解调器216b，用于通过对应的卫星链路240b进行传输，以及其它等等，采用一种“环行请愿书”方式。
图7是另一例对应于预先确定步骤410的传输预先确定方法700的流程图。在第一预先确定步骤702，控制器214监测着与各个通信信道240相关的数据误差速率。
在后续预先确定步骤704，控制器214基于所监测到的数据误差速率从多个通信信道240中选择一组较佳的通信信道。该组较佳的通信信道可以包括具有最低数据误差率的卫星信道。
在后续步骤706，控制器214预先确定适用于通过较佳组的通信信道传输的多个包分帧(从步骤406)。
图8说明以方法400所产生的包分帧序列的例子及部分传输方法400，这有利于讨论本发明的实施例。方法的步骤406、408、410和412，在图8中从左往右说明了选择性头文件压缩步骤804和传输方法400的步骤414。
在移动部分202中，所有上述列出的传输方法步骤都可以在MWT 206中实施，正如图8以双向箭头806所指示的。另一方面，在地面部分204中，步骤406、408、410和412都可以在地面控制器232中实施，正如双向箭头808所指示，而选择性头文件压缩步骤804和方法400的步骤414可以采用网关180来实施，正如双向箭头810所指示的。传输方法步骤可以本发明的结构进行不同的分布。
参考图8，一例来自网络的IP包814到达分包步骤406。IP包814包括一个IP头文件816、一个TCP头文件818，以及载荷数据820。
在步骤406，IP包814在822处分成为(即，分包)包分帧P1和包分帧P2。当传输方法的步骤是依次执行时，分帧P1的描述是在图8的虚线823以上从左往右，而分帧P2的描述是在虚线822以下。
在步骤408，将分帧头文件(FH)8241和8242附加在各个分帧P1和P2上，以产生各个包分帧8251和8252。分帧头文件8241和8242各自包括一个不同的分帧ID，和一个共同的包序列ID，因为这两个分帧P1和P2都属于一个共同的IP包814。
步骤412将IP头文件8261、8262和传输协议(例如，UPD)头文件8281、8282附加至各个包分帧P1、P2，以产生各个包8291、8292。
在步骤414，链路层(例如，PPP)协议头文件8401、8402附加在各个包分帧P1、P2，以产生各个包分帧8421、8422。另一种选择是，可以使用头文件压缩步骤804，在该步骤中，控制器214可选择性压缩附加在步骤412所产生包分帧上的各个头文件，正如以上所提及的，以减小包分帧的大小，并因此而保持数据传输的带宽。步骤804产生了具有压缩头文件的数据包8321、8322。
接着，可根据无线电链路协议(RLP)来处理包分帧P1和P2，其中无线电链路协议(RLP)可以作为无线电传输器和发送器所使用的一种公知空中接口的部分，以建立适用于通过空中接口250传输的数据帧846a-846n。
IV.接收方法
图9是一例综合在移动和地面部分202和204中所实施的多个通信信道的接收方法900的流程。该接收方法可以采用地面部分204内容来讨论，即，以方向310来讨论，但是该方法也可以适用于移动部分202。
在起始步骤902，网关基站180建立多个并发工作的CDMA卫星通信信道240。
在后续步骤904，网关基站180可通过并发工作的CDMA卫星通信信道240无线接收由MWT206传输的多个IP包分帧。各个IP包分帧可包括一个包分帧ID、一个与一个IP包中的IP包分帧相关的包序列ID，以及一个包括了地面控制器232的IP地址的IP头文件。
在后续步骤906，网关基站180将IP包分帧发送至网关路由器230。网关路由器230将各个IP包分帧发送至在各个包分帧的IP头文件中所包括的IP地址。也就是说，路由器230将各个IP包分帧发送至地面控制器232。
在后续步骤908，地面控制器232根据分帧ID和包序列ID来将所发送的IP包分帧重新组合成相对应的IP包。
在通信信道的设置过程中，与卫星调制解调器、模块或发送器相关的各个UDP/IP隧穿指定了一个唯一的IP地址。地面控制器把与该隧穿相关的IP地址用作分帧的目的IP地址，通过该隧穿可以将分帧传输。这样，地面控制器所传输的MWT为目的的包可作为通过多个隧穿的分帧，且各自具有一个单独的IP地址，发送至MWT，使得MWT控制器可组合上述发送的包分帧。
图10是另一种接收方法步骤1000的流程图。在起始的附加步骤1002，网关基站180接收属于多个不同IP包的包分帧(例如，多个来自移动部分202的数据网络208的IP包)。多个不同IP包都与一个预定的IP包序列次序有关，例如，MWT206从数据网络208接收IP包的次序。
在后续步骤1004，方法900的步骤906和908对各个不同的IP包进行重复，以在地面控制器232中产生多个重新构成的IP包。
在后续步骤1006，地面控制器232根据包序列ID将多个重新构成的IP包排列成预定的IP包序列次序。这包括当重新构成的包不在移动部分202所建立的预定序列次序的乱序次序时重新排序该重新构成的包，正如序列ID所指示的那样。
由网关180基于包分帧的IP地址来发送包分帧是有利的，因为可以在互联网(或其它数据网络)的任何地方发生分帧的组合和排序。于是，由网关180在第一地理位置所接收到的包分帧可以在远离第一位置的便利第二地理位置进行组合和排序。
在后续步骤1008，地面控制器232将重新构成的、排序(即，依次)的IP包发送至路由器236。路由器236将这些IP包发送至它们的目的IP地址(例如，计算机终端236a-236n)。
图10A是一例根据本发明实施例以方向310或312实施的典型方法1020的流程图。该方法1020包括第一传输步骤1022，该步骤表示了传输方法步骤的集合，正如以上所讨论的。后续接收步骤1024表示接收方法步骤的集合，也正如以上所讨论的。
图11图示了根据本发明另一实施例的接收方法1102，该方法与图8所说明的传输方法步骤相组合。另一接收方法1102类似于接收方法900和1000，正如以上所讨论的。同样，在图11中的说明也图示了接收方法1102所产生的接收包分帧的序列，并且也图示了传输方法所产生的传输包分帧(也如图8所示)的序列。
以传输方向1104，典型的包分帧814是采用以上所讨论的传输方法400进行分帧和处理的。所产生的包分帧，例如，包分帧8421，可以通过空中接口250以卫星帧846a-846n的方式进行传输。
以接收方向1106，在MWT206或网关基站180接收包分帧，这取决于网关基站180或MWT206是否传输分帧。典型的所接收到的包分帧11081，对应于传输的包分帧8301，是首先在链路层协议(例如，PPP)处理步骤1112进行处理。在步骤1112，从所接收到的包11081中去除链路层头文件8401，以产生下一个包分帧11141。
包分帧11221，是下一个在传输层协议(例如，UDP/IP)处理步骤1126中进行处理的。在步骤1126，从包分帧11221中去除IP和传输层头文件8261和8281，以产生包分帧11301。假如头文件的压缩是采用传输方向1104，则在头文件解压步骤1120处理包分帧1114，从而产生一个包括解压头文件的包分帧11221。
后续步骤1134排序/在复用多个包分帧，以产生根据各个序列ID排序的包分帧。
在后续步骤1140，从包11301中去除分帧头文件8241，以产生IP包分帧P1。
在后续步骤1144，IP包分帧组合成一个重新构成的、排序的IP包1150，该包对应于初始的IP包814。因此，接收方法1102根据序列ID来排序IP包分帧，并随后从已经排序后的包分帧中重新构成IP包，而接收方法1000首先重新构成IP包，并随后排序该重新构成的IP包。
V.协议连接性
图12是一例以上所讨论的在系统200的各种元件之间的典型层协议连接1202的方框图。最低/物理层连接性的线程1204包括一个在终端212a和MWT206之间的以太网连接1206。物理层1204也包括一个在MWT206和网关180之间的无线电链路协议/空中接口连接1208(对应于空中接口250)。物理层1204也包括一个在网关180和网关路由器230之间的以太网连接1210。
以上物理层1204，一个链路层连接性线程1220包括在MWT206和网关180之间的多个，n个链路层数据对话。链路层数据对话可以根据典型的链路层协议来实施，例如，PPP。在链路协议1220之上，一个传输/网络层连接性线程1222包括多个，n个传输层(例如，UDP/IP)数据隧穿，将MWT206连接着地面控制器232。在层1222之上，一个IP网络层连接性线程1230提供了在终端212a和路由器236之间的IP连接性。
图13图示了一例将MWT206与地面控制器232相连接的典型UDP/IP数据隧穿1222。各个隧穿1222包括或者具有它自己相关的PPP对话。同样，各个PPP对话具有它自己的UDP对话，PPP与UDP的关系是1∶1。然而，PPP或者UDP处理可以具有多个对话运行，这可以称之为在MWT206中的UDP1304的多个事例并对应于在地面控制器232中的UDP1306的多个事例(即，对等事例)。UDP对话可通过在MWT206中的PPP1310的多个事例驻留，并对应于在网关180中的PPP1318中的多个事例(即，对等事例)。在一个PPP(1310/1318)上的多个事例可通过卫星通信信道240中的一个信道来操作。一个典型性的PPP处理可以在MWT中运行，且可以具有例如24路对话。
MWT控制器214形成了一个适用于UDP隧穿1222的端点，可以用于向地面部分204发送IP包和接收来自地面部分204的IP包。UDP隧穿1222提供了一种便利机制，它可适用于通过卫星调制解调器216多路复用IP包分帧，以及地面控制器232排序IP包。地面控制器232还提供了另一种适用于UDP隧穿1222的端点。本发明也为每个卫星调制解调器(例如，调制解调器216a)提供了一种单一的PPP连接/对话(例如，1310a/1306a)。通过在MWT206和网关180之间建立多个PPP对话，并且通过在所有PPP对话之间的空中接口250来分布将要传输的数据，这就可以获得以比其它可能的空中接口更高速率的有效数据传输。
MWT206建立了适用于各个卫星调制解调器216的一个通信信道240，并且支持适用于各个卫星调制解调器的一个PPP对话。为了使得MWT206能够使用适用于所有卫星通信信道240的有效带宽，MWT206可以根据需要在几个或有时在所有的有效PPP对话中分布IP包。在地面部分204，PPP对话在网关180中中断。各个PPP对话具有一个相对应的IP地址。
在地面部分204，网关控制器228将一个从互联网(例如，从数据网路234)接收到的IP包分帧指定给一个合适的卫星调制解调器226。为了能达到这一目的，网关控制器228可以将所接收到的IP包分帧指定给与包分帧IP头文件中所对应的IP地址有关的PPP对话(以及与PPP对话有关的卫星调制解调器)。由于连接着MWT206(例如，一台计算机216)的终端设备的IP地址不同于指定给各个不同PPP对话的IP地址，所以本实施例使用了隧穿机制隧穿面向终端设备的IP包。所获得的隧穿可适用于多个UDP/IP隧穿1222，各个UDP/IP隧穿都具有一个IP地址，且与一个对应的PPP对话有关。
隧穿能够通过IP包分帧和IP包分帧组件来减小包的延迟，并且将IP包依次传输至目标IP地址，例如，互联网。传输至或来自终端设备(例如，计算机212和236)的IP包可以在MWT206和地面控制器232之间隧穿。这样做有利于在IP包发送至最终的目的之前对通过多个卫星通信信道所接收到的IP包重新排序。这种IP包的依次传递有利于避免一些不希望出现的现象，例如，众所周知的Van Jacobson快中继现象，这样会产生较低的数据吞吐量。
传输延迟是在试图获得最大的IP包传输吞吐量时所需要考虑的另一个重要因素。在一个具有低数据传输吞吐量的通信链路中，与大IP包有关的传输延迟趋于支配每个包的总的传输时延。虽然多个IP包可以同时通过多个通信信道来发送，但是如果一个被称为“TCP窗口”的特征没有很快产生，就会没有充足数量的IP包来保持所有的有效通信信道处于忙的状态。在通信信道之间大量发送的往返IP包传输延迟会使得TCP窗口变得更慢，从而降低吞吐量。因此，就希望能减小这类IP包传输延迟，从而使得TCP窗口能变得更快，本文通过使用多个通信链路，各个链路具有它自己的PPP对话的事例，将各个IP包分成多个、较小的IP包分帧，并且同时通过所有的有效通信链路来传输该包分帧，从而减小IP包的传输延迟，就可以获得这类效果。采用这种方法，本发明使得TCP窗口变得更快。
正如以上所讨论的，包分帧可以通过使用UDP/IP头文件的PPP链路来隧穿。例如，如果一个来自终端设备(例如，计算机212/236)的单个IP包被分成为5个分帧，并且使用UDP/IP隧穿的5个同时PPP对话来发送，它只占用它发送整个IP包所需的时间的五分之一。在对来自UDP/IP隧穿的包进行解隧穿之后，可以在PPP链路的另一端将这些包分帧重新组合成一个原始的IP包。隧穿机制提供了端点(MWT206和地面控制器232)，在这些端点上，可以将包分成适用于通过空中传输，并且可以在将它们发送至一个最终目的之前重新组合。
在上述典型性的实施例中，连接着MWT206的终端设备使用IP作为网络层协议。IP层之上的协议层可以是IP协议组的可用的几个协议中的一个协议，这是应该理解到的。
VI.控制器
图14是一例表示在MWT206中的控制器214以及在地面部分204中的控制器228和232的典型性控制器(这也可以是多个控制器、处理器或处理单元)1400的功能方框图。该控制器1400包括下列执行本发明方法的控制模块：
一个分帧器/解分帧器1404，在传输方向，它将IP包分帧成若干个包分帧，而在接收方向，它将这类包分帧进行解分帧以重新构成IP包；
一个预先确定器/多个复用器1404，它对IP包分帧的传输进行调度；
一个传输协议/IP模块1406，它用于实施传输协议。在传输方向，模块1406将传输层和IP层头文件附加在包分帧上，而在接收方向，则从包分帧中去除传输层和IP层头文件；
一个链路层协议模块1410，它用于在卫星信道240上实施链路层协议。在传输方向，模块1410将链路层协议头文件附加在包分帧上，而在接收方向，则从包分帧中去除链路层协议头文件，并有可能与一个可选择的压缩器/解压缩器1408在传输方向压缩在IP包分帧中的各种头文件，以及在接收方向解压缩这类头文件；
一个无线电链路模块1412，它可以根据卫星链路协议(即，无线电链路协议)通过卫星信道240来传输和接收数据；
一个排序器/解复用器1414，它可以根据附加在各个包分帧上的包序列ID来排序重新构成的IP包(以及包分帧)；
一个链路管理器1416，它用于建立和清除卫星通信链路。链路管理器1416也可以用于监测卫星链路数据误差率；以及，
一个延迟管理器1418，它用于监测在传输和重新传输包分帧之间的延迟时间。
所有上述的控制器模块1402-1418都可以驻留在移动部分202的MWT206。另一方面，控制器模块1402-1418也可以分布在各地面部分控制器228和232中。例如，控制器模块1404、1408、1410和1412都可以驻留在网关控制器228中，而控制器模块1402、1404、1406、1414、1416和1418都可以驻留在地面控制器232中。也可能采用其它控制器模块的分布。
VII.计算机系统
本发明方法可以使用在基于计算机系统环境中工作的控制器(例如，MWT控制器214、网关控制器228、以及在地面控制器232中的控制器)来实施。每一个这类控制器都可以表示一个或多个控制器。虽然也可以使用通信专门硬件来实施本发明，但是出于完整的要求，提供了以下有关通用计算机系统的描述。较佳的是，将控制器214、228和232所执行的软件与硬件相结合来实施本发明。因而，本发明各方面也可以采用一个计算机系统或者其它包括但并不限制于专用处理器、微处理器等等的处理系统来实施。
一例典型性的这类计算机系统1500如图15所示。在本发明中，以上所讨论的方法或处理，例如，方法400-1020包括了在计算机系统1500中所执行的方法和步骤(一个单独的计算机系统1500与各个控制器214、228和232有关)。计算机系统1500可包括一个或多个处理器。该处理器1504连接着一个通信的基础设施设施1506，例如，一个总线，它包括了一个地址总线和一个数据总线，和/或一个数据网络。在该典型性的计算机系统中讨论了各种软件实施方法。相关领域中的熟练技术人士，在阅读了本讨论之后，对如何使用其它计算机系统和/或计算机体系结构来实施本发明将变得显而易见。
计算机系统1500也包括了一个主存储器1508，较佳的是，采用随机存取存储器(RAM)，也可以包括一个第二存储器1510。该第二存储器1510可以包括，例如，一个硬盘驱动器1512和/或一个可移动存储驱动器1514，可表示为软盘驱动器，磁带驱动器，光盘驱动器，等等。可移动存储驱动器1514可采用众所周知的方式来读取和/或写入可移动存储单元1518。可移动存储单元1518，可表示为软盘、磁带、光盘等等，适用于由移动存储驱动器1514的读取和写入。应该意识到的是，可移动存储单元1518包括一个计算机可使用的存储介质，该介质具有存储于其中的计算机软件和/或数据。
在另一实施例中，第二存储器1510可以包括允许计算机程序或其它指令装载至计算机系统1500的其它类似部件。这类部件可以包括，例如，一个可移动存储单元1522和一个接口1520。这类部件的实例可以包括一个程序盒式磁带和盒式接口(例如，在视频游戏设备中常见的)，一个可移动存储芯片(例如，EPROM或PROM)和相关的插座，以及其它可移动存储单元1522和接口1520，该接口允许软件和数据从可移动存储单元1522传输至计算机系统1500。
计算机系统1500也可以包括一个通信接口1524。通信接口1524允许软件和数据在计算机系统1500和外部设备之间进行传输。通信接口1524的实例可以包括一个调制解调器、一个网络接口(例如，以太网卡)、一个通信端口、一个PCMCIA插槽和卡、专用USB端口，等等。其它实例可以包括但并不限制于无线以太网连接，该连接可以是由电路制造商根据称之为802.11、802.11b或者802.11a的电气电子工程师协会(IEEE)标准，以及众所周知的称之为“蓝牙”的无线电通信的较新接口标准来提供的。这些类型的设备为网络提供了端口或连接(节点)，适用于使用与网络物理连接的设备来无线传输信号，就像集线器或基站作为无线设备工作那样。这类装置或设备在本领域中都是众所周知的。提供通信接口1524来传输的软件和数据可以采用电信号、电磁信号、光信号或者其它能够被通信接口1524所接收的信号的信号方式1528。这些信号1528可以使用通信路径1526提供给通信接口1524。通信路径1526传递信号1528并且可以使用有线或线缆、光纤、电话线、蜂窝式电话链路、RF链路和其它通信信道的方式来实现。
在本文件中，术语“计算机程序介质”和“计算机使用介质”通常称之为可移动存储驱动器1514、安装在硬盘驱动器1512中的硬盘，以及信号1528。这些计算机程序产品都是适用于向计算机系统1500提供软件的部件。
计算机程序(也称之为计算机控制逻辑)可存储于主存储器1508和/或第二存储器1510。也可以通过通信接口1524来接收计算机程序。在执行时，这些计算机程序使得计算机系统1500可以实施上述所讨论的本发明。特别是，在执行时，计算机程序使得处理器1504能够实施本发明的处理。因此，这类计算机程序表示了计算机系统1500的控制器。举例来说，在本发明实施例中，由控制器214、228和232所执行的处理都可以由计算机控制逻辑来执行。在使用软件来实施本发明时，软件可以使用移动存储驱动器1514、硬盘驱动器1512或通信接口1524存储于计算机程序产品和装载在计算机系统1500中。
VIII.结论
尽管以上已讨论本发明各种实施例，应该理解的是，各种实施例仅仅只是示例，并不是限制。因而，本发明的宽度和范围并不受到以上所讨论的任何典型实施例和结构的限制，而是由以下权利要求以及它的对等物所定义的。
以上已经利用说明特殊功能的性能和相互关系的功能结构方框图讨论了本发明。这些功能结构方框图的边界是任意定义的，只是为了便于讨论。也可以定义另一种边界，只要所定义的功能和相互关系都能够适当地实施即可。任何这类其它边界都在所请求的发明范围和精神之内。本领域中的熟练技术人士应该意识到，这些功能结构方框图可以采用分离元件、专用集成电路、门阵列、处理器、执行合适的软件的处理器等及其许多组合来实现。于是，本发明的宽度和范围并不应该限制于上述所讨论的示例实施例，而只根据后附的权利要求及其对等物定义。

Claims (37)

1.一种综合多个码分多址(CDMA)通信信道的方法，该方法包括：
(a)接收至少一个互联网协议(IP)数据包；
(b)将所述IP数据包分成为多个小于IP数据包的包分帧；
(c)将一个分帧识别符(ID)和一个包序列ID附加在各个包分帧上；
(d)将一个IP头文件附加在各个包分帧上，该IP头文件包括一个IP地址；以及，
(e)通过多个并发工作的CDMA通信信道无线传输多个包分帧。
2.如权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，步骤(a)包括以一个预先确定的序列次序来接收多个IP数据包，所述方法还包括：
(f)对各个IP数据包执行步骤(b)至(e)，使得各个所传输的包分帧都包括一个对应于以预定序列次序所接收到的IP数据包中的一个IP数据包的序列ID。
3.如权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，步骤(e)包括：通过并发工作的通信信道中所对应的一个信道来同时传输多个包分帧中的至少两个包分帧。
4.如权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，步骤(d)包括：除了附加IP头文件之外，还向各个包分帧附加一个传输协议头文件，所述传输协议头文件对应于各个通信信道，在步骤(e)中可以通过该通信信道来传输所述包分帧。
5.如权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，各个CDMA通信信道包括了一个卫星通信链路，以及步骤(e)包括通过多个卫星通信链路来传输多个包分帧。
6.如权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，还包括：
在步骤(e)之前，建立各个并发工作的CDMA通信信道。
7.如权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，还包括：
在步骤(e)之前，预先确定适用于通过多个并发工作CDMA通信信道中所选择的信道进行传输的各个所述包分帧。
8.如权利要求7所述方法，其特征在于，所述预先确定步骤包括：以预定的信道选择次序选择各个所述的通信信道；以及，
预先确定适用于通过以预定信道选择次序所选择的一个通信信道传输的各个所述包分帧。
9.如权利要求7所述方法，其特征在于，所述预先确定步骤包括：
监测一个与各个通信信道有关的数据误差率；
根据所监测的数据误差率从多个通信信道中选择一组较佳的通信信道；以及，
预先确定适用于通过一组较佳通信信道传输的多个包分帧。
10.一种综合多个综合码分多址(CDMA)通信信道的方法，该方法包括：
(a)通过多个并发工作的CDMA通信信道来无线接收多个互联网协议(IP)包分帧，各个IP包分帧包括了一个包分帧的标识符(ID)、一个与该IP数据包的IP包分帧有关的包序列ID，以及一个包括了一个IP地址的IP头文件；
(b)将所接收到的每个IP包分帧发送至在IP头文件中所包括的IP地址；以及，
(c)根据分帧ID和包序列ID将所发送的IP包分帧组合成一个相关的IP数据包。
11.如权利要求10所述方法，其特征在于，在步骤(a)中所接收到的多个IP包分帧都与多个不同的IP数据包有关，该方法还包括：
(d)对各个不同的IP数据包重复步骤(b)和(c)，以产生多个重新构成的IP数据包；以及，
(e)根据包序列ID对多个重新构成的IP数据包进行排序。
12.如权利要求11所述方法，其特征在于，步骤(e)包括在从步骤(d)重新构成IP数据包相对于由包序列ID所指示的预定序列次序是乱序时能重新排序多个重新构成的IP数据包。
13.如权利要求10所述方法，其特征在于，在步骤(a)中所接收到的多个IP包分帧都与多个不同的IP数据包有关，该方法还包括：
对各个不同的IP数据包重复步骤(b)和(c)，以根据序列ID来产生多个以包序列排序的重新构成的IP数据包，其中步骤(c)包括，在组合步骤之前，根据包序列ID来排序多个包分帧，从而组合步骤可以包序列的次序来产生重新构成的IP数据包。
14.如权利要求10所述方法，其特征在于，步骤(a)包括：
通过并发工作的通信信道中的对应一个通信信道来同时接收多个包分帧中的至少两个包分帧。
15.如权利要求10所述方法，其特征在于，还包括：
在步骤(a)之前，建立各个并发工作的CDMA通信信道。
16.如权利要求10所述方法，其特征在于，各个CDMA通信信道包括了一个卫星通信链路。
17.一种综合多个码分多址(CDMA)通信信道的方法，该方法包括：
(a)接收至少一个互联网协议(IP)数据包
(b)将所述IP数据包分成为多个小于IP数据包的包分帧；
(c)将一个分帧识别符(ID)和一个包序列ID附加在各个包分帧上；
(d)将一个IP头文件附加在各个包分帧上，该IP头文件包括一个IP地址；
(e)通过多个并发工作的CDMA通信信道无线传输多个包分帧；
(f)无线接收多个IP包分帧；
(g)将各个接收到的IP包分帧发送至在IP头文件中所包括的IP地址；以及，
(h)根据分帧ID和包序列ID将传送的IP包分帧重新组合成至少一个IP数据包。
18.如权利要求17所述方法，其特征在于，步骤(a)包括以一个预先确定的序列次序来接收多个IP数据包，以及对多个IP数据包中的各个IP数据包重复执行步骤(b)至(h)，以产生多个重新构成的IP数据包，该方法还包括：
(i)根据包序列ID以预定的序列次序来排序多个重新构成的IP数据包。
19.一种适用于综合多个码分多址(CDMA)通信信道的传输系统，该系统包括：
一个或多个控制器，它适用于接收至少一个互联网协议(IP)数据包，至少一个或多个控制器具有：
一个分帧器，它将所述IP数据包分成为多个小于所述IP数据包的包分帧，并且将一个分帧识别符(ID)和一个包序列ID附加在各个包分帧上，以及，
一个IP模块，它将一个包括一个IP地址的IP头文件附加在各个包分帧上；和，
多个无线调制解调器，适用于通过多个并发工作的CDMA通信信道中所对应的一个信道无线传输多个包分帧。
20.如权利要求19所述系统，其特征在于，
所述一个或多个控制器适用于以预定序列次序来接收多个IP数据包；
所述分帧器适用于将多个IP数据包中的各个IP数据包分成为多个较小的IP包分帧，并且向各个包分帧附加一个分帧ID和一个对应于预定序列次序的包序列ID；以及，
所述IP模块适用于向各个包分帧附加一个包括了一个IP地址的IP头文件；
其中，所述多个无线调制解调器适用于通过对应的并发工作的CDMA信道来传输属于多个IP数据包的包分帧。
21.如权利要求19所述系统，其特征在于，所述一个或多个控制器适用于能够将至少两个无线调制解调器通过并发工作的通信信道中所对应的一个信道同时传输多个包分帧中的至少两个包分帧。
22.如权利要求19所述系统，其特征在于，所述IP模块适用于除了所述IP头文件之外还向各个包分帧附加一个传输协议头文件，所述传输协议头文件对应于无线调制解调器中的每一个调制解调器以及传输所述包分帧的通信信道。
23.如权利要求19所述系统，其特征在于，所述各个无线调制解调器是一个卫星调制解调器，它适用于传输CDMA卫星通信信号。
24.如权利要求19所述系统，其特征在于，所述一个或多个控制器适用于建立并发工作的CDMA通信信道中的各个通信信道。
25.如权利要求19所述系统，其特征在于，一个或多个控制器中至少一个控制器包括一个预先确定器，它可以预先确定通过多个并发工作的CDMA通信信道中所选择的一个信道来传输的各个所述的包分帧。
26.如权利要求25所述系统，其特征在于，所述预先确定器包括：
适用于以预定的信道选择次序来选择各个所述通信信道的部件；以及，
适用于预先确定通过以预定信道选择次序选择的对应通信信道传输的各个所述包分帧的部件。
27.如权利要求25所述系统，其特征在于，
至少一个控制器包括：
适用于监测一个与各个通信信道有关的数据误差率的部件；以及，
所述预先确定器包括：
适用于根据所监测的数据误差率从多个通信信道中选择一组较佳的通信信道的部件；以及，
适用于预先确定通过一组较佳通信信道来传输多个包分帧的部件。
28.如权利要求19所述系统，其特征在于，所述一个或多个控制器和所述无线调制解调器都驻留在一个移动无线终端。
29.如权利要求19所述系统，其特征在于，所述一个或多个控制器可分布在一个网关基站和一个地面控制器之间，网关基站和地面控制器都连接着一个或多个基于地面的包数据网络，并且所述无线调制解调器驻留在所述网关基站。
30.一种适用于综合多个码分多址(CDMA)通信信道的接收系统，该接收系统包括：
多个无线调制解调器，适用于通过多个并发工作的CDMA通信信道来无线接收多个互联网协议(IP)包分帧，各个通信信道对应于相应无线调制解调器，各个包分帧包括一个分帧识别符(ID)，一个与IP数据包的IP包分帧有关的包序列ID，并且一个IP头文件包括一个IP地址；以及，
一个或多个控制器，一个或多个控制器中至少一个控制器具有：
适用于向IP头文件中所包括的IP地址发送各个所接收的包分帧的部件；以及，
一个解分帧器，它适用于根据分帧ID和包序列ID将所发送的IP包分帧重新组合成相关的IP数据包。
31.如权利要求30所述系统，其特征在于，所述多个包分帧都与多个不同的IP数据包有关，并且其中：
所述发送部件，适用于将属于多个不同IP数据包中的各个IP数据包的各个包分帧通过传输的信道发送至所述信道的IP地址；
所述解分帧器，适用于将所发送的包分帧重新组合成相关的IP数据包，从而产生多个重新构成的IP数据包；以及，
一个或多个控制器中至少一个控制器包括一个排序器，它适用于根据所述包序列ID将多个重新构成IP数据包进行排序。
32.如权利要求30所述系统，其特征在于，所述多个无线调制解调器都适用于通过并发工作的通信信道中所对应的一个信道来同时接收多个包分帧中的至少两个包分帧。
33.如权利要求30所述系统，其特征在于，所述一个或多个控制器建立各个并发工作的CDMA通信信道。
34.如权利要求30所述系统，其特征在于，所述各个无线调制解调器是一个卫星调制解调器，它适用于通过所对应的CDMA通信信道来接收CDMA卫星信号。
35.如权利要求30所述系统，其特征在于，所述一个或多个控制器和所述无线调制解调器驻留在一个移动无线终端。
36.如权利要求30所述系统，其特征在于，所述一个或多个控制器可分布在一个网关基站和一个地面控制器之间，网关基站和地面控制器都连接着一个或多个基于地面包数据网络，所述地面控制器具有一个对应于在IP包分帧头文件中所包括的IP地址的IP地址，并且其中，所述无线调制解调器驻留于所述网关基站。
37.一种适用于综合多个码分多址(CDMA)通信信道的系统，该系统包括：
一个移动无线终端(MWT)，它包括：
一个或多个(MWT)控制器，适用于接收至少一个互联网协议(IP)数据包，一个或多个控制器中至少一个控制器具有：
一个分帧器，它将所述IP数据包分成为多个小于所述IP数据包的包分帧，以及将一个分帧识别符(ID)和一个包序列ID附加至各个包分帧；以及，
一个IP模块，它将一个IP头文件附加在各个包分帧上，该IP头文件包括一个IP地址；和，
第一多个无线调制解调器，适用于通过多个并发工作的CDMA卫星通信信道中所对应的一个信道来无线传输所述多个包分帧；
一个接收基站，它包括第二多个无线调制解调器，适用于通过所述卫星通信信道来接收包分帧，所述接收基站包括根据包分帧的IP地址通过一个网络来发送各个包分帧的部件；以及，
一个地面控制器，它具有一个对应于包分帧IP地址的IP地址，所述地面控制器适用于从所述网络来接收所述包分帧，所述地面控制器包括一个解分帧器，以便于根据分帧ID和包序列ID将所述包分帧组合成一个重新构成的IP数据包。
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