CN1604755A - Electrode for biomedical measurements - Google Patents
Electrode for biomedical measurements Download PDFInfo
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- CN1604755A CN1604755A CNA028251237A CN02825123A CN1604755A CN 1604755 A CN1604755 A CN 1604755A CN A028251237 A CNA028251237 A CN A028251237A CN 02825123 A CN02825123 A CN 02825123A CN 1604755 A CN1604755 A CN 1604755A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002593 electrical impedance tomography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 208000007123 Pulmonary Atelectasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 201000003144 pneumothorax Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
- A61B5/0536—Impedance imaging, e.g. by tomography
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to an electrode for biomedical measurements, in particular for measurements for electrical impedance tomography. The aim of the invention is the production of an electrode for biomedical measurements, particularly for measurements for electrical impedance tomography, which permits measurements with as little interference as possible. The above is achieved, whereby said electrode comprises a contact plate, a line driver with a high-impedance signal input and a low-impedance line output and a current source, with a current output and a reference point, whereby the contact plate is connected to the high-impedance signal input of the line driver and to the current output of the current source and the line driver and the current source are arranged in the vicinity of the contact plate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrode that is used for biomedical measurement, in particular for the measurement of electrical impedance tomography.
Background technology
At the electrical impedance tomography that is used for holding the pressure ratio area measure, a plurality of electrodes put on an alternating current on the adjacent separately electrode around the chest setting, for example, this electric current at 1kHz in the scope of 1MHz, its amplitude at 1 μ A in the 10mA scope.Utilization has applied other each electrode of alternating current, comes to carry out impedance measurement with respect to the reference potential of a regulation.In case all electrodes all take turns as behind the conductive electrode, just finished a cycle that is used for data acquisition.Disturb in order to get rid of statistics, average a plurality of data collection cycles are to obtain a corresponding image usually.Near chest maximum resistance variation is by the air-breathing and generation of exhaling.Can observe in this process, be a kind of measuring that the lung volume changes that be used to measure by the impedance variation of electrode measurement.Calculate two dimension or or even the three-dimensional image that to draw an impedance variation according to the computer assisted of signal on the electrode.
Because can not monitor lung exactly in some part pulmonary atelectasis or the pulmonary collapse whether, the artificial respiration's first aid that has formed the ill lung of edema becomes a problem deserving of attention.Have been found that if in lung, manually keep a specific pressure this pressure just in time allows all alveolars to keep opening, and can reduce mortality rate basically in the case.
For this purpose, WO00/33733 has put down in writing the impedance variation that measures by electrical impedance tomography and how to breathe the function of pressing as reflection and determine that the alveolar of lung opens and alveolar is not opened.Yet, in this life-and-death application, must get rid of relatively large measurement error as far as possible.
Main measurement error is based on to the variation impedance of the feeder line of electrode and the transfer resistance between patient skin and the electrode in electrical impedance tomography.Because these disturb impedance to be series in the impedance to be measured, these disturb impedance directly to enter this measurement as error.
US5,544,662 have put down in writing the multiple measure that reduces above-mentioned measurement error according to the circuit of an accountant.Yet each electrode continues to connect by feeder line, and this feeder line leads to an accountant that is provided with near the patient from this electrode, and therefore the measurement error that is caused by the impedance variation of feeder line continues to take place.
The biomedical engineering handbook of J.D.Bronzino (The Biomedical EngineeringHandbook), nineteen ninety-five CRC printing, 745 to 757 pages of all kinds of having put down in writing so-called biopotential-electrode, this biopotential-electrode design is a passive electrode, to obtain electromotive force on health.Mentioned other content in addition, the buffer amplifier that promptly is configured to operational amplifier can be integrated on the electrode.Yet do not mention be integrated in this electrode the further circuit of electronic equipment.This mainly is that this electrode must be used as disposable because for health, therefore, can not use the expensive circuit of this electrode owing to the expense reason.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrode that is used for biomedical measurement, especially for the measurement with electrical impedance tomography, the product of this electrical impedance tomography permission use economy interference-free is as far as possible measured.
Utilize described electrode of claim 1 and the described electrode band of claim 12 can realize this purpose.
According to electrode of the present invention, comprise a contact pole plate; One line driver has a high impedance signal input and a Low ESR circuit outfan; An and power supply, have a current output terminal and a reference point, wherein this contact pole plate is electrically connected to the high impedance signal input of this line driver and the current output terminal of this power supply, and this line driver and this power supply be arranged on this contact pole plate near.
The combination that important feature of the present invention is a line driver and a power supply as contact at this on pole plate or near integrated electronic equipment, on accuracy, compare known electrode and allow a substantial raising and maintenance low production cost.Production as the Integrated electrode of disposable unit can have feasible expense thus.
Electrode according to the present invention is suitable for all biomedical measurements, in these biomedical measurements, as embodiment, for example in electrical impedance tomography, applies electric current and measures electromotive force by this contact pole plate via this contact pole plate.The present invention is characterized as the basis with this in the case, promptly this contact pole plate is powered and from the measured value collection of this contact pole plate all must this contact pole plate near generation.It realizes by a high internal resistance of power supply and the high input resistance of this line driver, therefore in order to supply extrinsic current and to transmit measuring-signal and can ignore on the line interference.This power supply and this line driver are limited by the size of this contact pole plate the nearness of this contact pole plate.At least when surpassing 10 times of this contact anode volume size, the nearness in the meaning of the present invention just no longer exists.
According to a preferred embodiment, preferably the electrical connection between contact pole plate, power supply and line driver designs in such a way, promptly produces an alap stray capacitance between this contact pole plate and reference point.If this line driver and power supply are located on this contact pole plate as integrated circuit, then because feeder line length between this contact pole plate and line driver and power supply can be retained to a minima, and advantageous particularly thus.Further step is this that has this line driver and a power supply to be contacted pole plate be integrated in the screening can.
According to another preferred embodiment, a circuit is set, be used for Active Compensation this stray capacitance between this contact pole plate and reference point.Under this mode, can allow between this contact pole plate and power supply and the line driver line length one delimit within, it can the method by compensating circuit eliminate the stray capacitance that produces.
According to another preferred embodiment, this power supply is set is one and have the bipolar power supply of high internal resistance, its output current and input voltage are almost proportional.This bipolar power supply has the advantage of an extra high internal resistance, therefore is particularly suitable for the application.
According to another preferred embodiment, this power supply is set to provide the scope of a frequency at 1kHz to 1MHz, the alternating current of amplitude in the scope of 1 μ A to 10mA.Electric current with these characteristics is mainly used in the electrical impedance tomography.Yet the present invention obviously is not subject to these characteristics.Also can expect using the various power supplys with different qualities, they replenish each other in its range of signal or are overlapping.Can expect that also this alternating current should be frequency modulation and/or amplitude modulation.
According to another preferred embodiment, this line driver is set to comprise an impedance inverter circuit.Impedance inverter circuit is known in a different manner, and it is transformed into a low line resistance with a high input resistance.
According to another preferred embodiment, a voltage-measuring equipment is set to be connected between this Low ESR circuit outfan and this reference point.Can in this way measure by electrical impedance tomography, for example, the voltage (resulting voltage) that applies an electric current and obtain at this electrode to produce via this electrode.Particularly advantageous at this is that if between this contact pole plate and reference point a switch is set, this contact pole plate can at random switch to the electromotive force of this reference point by this switch.Therefore one specific electrodes or a plurality of electrode can be removed from this measurement.Relatively the calibration of this voltage measurement of this reference point can be carried out simultaneously.
Electrode band according to the present invention is used for measuring by electrical impedance tomography, and this electrode band comprises a plurality of electrode of the present invention.In the case, these electrodes are preferred is provided with much at one interval each other.This measured value can be detected and be transmitted especially reliably by a numerical data collecting unit.For this purpose, an analog-digital converter is set at least, it reads in the voltage that respectively contacts between pole plate and the reference point from one or more electrode, and is sent to a central processing unit via a data circuit.
Obviously, above-mentioned record and/or the embodiment in the dependent claims that lists only are used in the combination that discloses respectively but also can be used for other combination or use separately.
The present invention will also come to describe in more detail by different embodiment hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows a chest sectional view that has an electrode configuration that penetrates according to prior art;
Fig. 2 shows according to electrode sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 3 a and 3b show the sketch map of this reciprocity technique;
Fig. 4 shows the circuit diagram of bipolar power supply;
Fig. 5 shows the circuit diagram of line driver;
Fig. 6 shows the sectional view that passes electrode of the present invention according to the sketch map of Fig. 2;
Fig. 7 shows the sectional view of one electrode band according to the present invention;
Fig. 8 shows the sectional view that passes according to a data acquisition unit of the electrode band of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 shows the exploded view of data presented collecting unit among Fig. 8;
Figure 10 shows and is used for Low ESR, symmetric signal transmission and the circuit of handling;
Figure 11 shows the circuit of the high impedance internal resistance of the alternating current power supply impedance that is used to compensate an alternating current power supply; And
Figure 12 shows the circuit that is used for the stray capacitance compensation at the electrode contact of electrode.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the chest sectional view that penetrates belt electrode configuration according to prior art (US5,626,146).16 electrodes are almost arranged around chest equally spacedly.Between electrode 1 and 2, apply electric current.These curves are about as the electrode 1 of dipole and 2 isopotential line then.In order to determine the terminal resistance on these lines, the voltage potential of measuring at electrode 3 to 16 places can be followed the trail of along these lines.In case finished the measurement separately of all possible dipole, measuring the resistance value of determining so can correspondingly be superposeed by each.Just select this method for tracing as an example at this, according to the principle of electrical impedance tomography, it obviously just reproduces multiple possibility method side by side a kind of method mutually with image.
Fig. 2 shows according to electrode sketch map of the present invention.According to its basic structure, this electrode comprises contact pole plate 201, a power supply 202 and a line driver 203.This contact pole plate 201 is connected to the current output terminal of this power supply 202 on the one hand, is connected to the high impedance input of this line driver 203 on the other hand.This power supply 202 is connected to a reference potential, this source current I by its other electrode
SIGWith the input voltage U that supplies with by voltage source 206
SIGAlmost proportional.This contact pole plate 201 is laid on patient's the skin, measures the impedance Z between this electrode and the reference potential
BIOThe purpose of entire circuit is to make by stray capacitance C
SInterference load impedance that causes and the shunt resistance between this contact pole plate 201 and reference potential are few as much as possible.And being provided with one between this contact pole plate and reference potential can be by the gate-controlled switch 204 of control line 208 control, and can be connected to this reference potential by these gate-controlled switch 204 these contact pole plates 201.Can from measure, get rid of discrete electrode thus, otherwise then will carry out the calibration of impedance measurement.Voltage between this electrode and reference potential is that the outfan at this line driver 203 is recorded.Selectively carry out this measurement by a circuit 207, Fig. 2 shows circuit 207 corresponding replacement circuit figure.Usually the dotted portion 205 of this circuit is placed on this contact pole plate 201, and this voltage source 206 or circuit 207 can contact pole plate 201 settings and can not cause remarkable interference or measurement error further from this.
Fig. 3 a and 3b show the sketch map of a reciprocity technique (reciprocal technique).In Fig. 3 a, apply electric current via electrode C and D, and measure the voltage that produces in electrode A and B place.On the contrary, in Fig. 3 b, apply a corresponding electric current, and measure the voltage that produces at electrode C and D place via electrode A and B.Can see that the voltage of measuring respectively from Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b must be identical.For example, this so-called reciprocity technique can be used to verify the contact of electrode to the patient skin in a simple manner.The electrode that needs separately in this process can be selected from the electrode that Fig. 1 shows by the switch 204 of control figure 2.
Fig. 4 shows the circuit diagram of a bipolar power supply, and for example, it can be used as the power supply 202 among Fig. 2.Work as U
e=0 o'clock, two electric current I
1And I
2Identical and the output current of size is zero.If apply a positive input voltage, I
2Increase and I
1Reducing the result is to flow out a negative output current.If apply negative input voltage, then this circuit will be with opposite mode effect.
Fig. 5 shows the circuit diagram of a line driver, and for example it can be used as the line driver 203 among Fig. 2.Operational amplifier 501 is correspondingly connected with electric wire as a buffer amplifier, therefore produces a voltage ratio 1 between output and input voltage.Such buffer amplifier has a high input resistance and a low output resistance, and the side-play amount between input and output voltage only is several millivolts (mV).
Fig. 6 shows the sectional view that passes electrode of the present invention according to the sketch map of Fig. 2.Can be observed, the part of Xian Shiing is corresponding to the circuit part 205 that is shown by dotted line among Fig. 2 here.The contact pole plate 601 by shell 602 around, this shell 602 can have a screen effect and can be set for reference potential.In this case, between this contact pole plate 601 and shell 602, insert an insulator 603.One integrated circuit is positioned on this contact pole plate, and this integrated circuit is represented by unit 605,606, and is located in this integrated circuit according to the circuit part 205 of Fig. 2.This entire circuit part arbitrarily is contained in the integrated circuit.Can expect that also for this contact pole plate 601, it also can be accommodated in below this integrated circuit.Guiding feed and discharge line in cable 607.
Fig. 7 shows the sectional view according to electrode band of the present invention.This electrode band 702 is placed around patient's chest 701.Side is provided with a large amount of electrode 704 within it, and under each situation, four electrodes are connected to a data acquisition unit 703.This data acquisition unit 703 is connected to each other by connection line 705, and this feed and discharge line guide in cable 706.
Fig. 8 shows the sectional view according to a data acquisition unit of the electrode band of Fig. 7.Four electrodes 801,802,803 and 804 are fixed in the low limit of strip material (belt material) 805 and are electrically connected to calculating electronic equipment 806.In the example of this calculating electronic equipment, the mode that can exist several data to gather:
Parallel method: each passage (channel) by its oneself analog-digital converter (ADC) by synchronous digitalization.Each transformation result transmits arbitrarily via a data bus structure that is used for further signal processing in local digital memorizer separately.
Analog multiplexer: in the time division multiplexing method, according to a definite scheme, all measurement passages are connected to the ADC of a single power (single powerful) and pass through its digitized by multiplexer respectively.After transmitting via a data-interface, an external digital memorizer is received in all successive data in the numerical tabular.
Integrated data acquisition: a monolithic integrated data acquisition system, comprise that one is integrated in amplifier, the downstream analog-digital converter that input channel multiplexer, on the microchip has optional amplification coefficient, one is used to receive the local storage and a self-excitation time schedule controller of the measured value that is digitized in a large number, this monolithic integrated data acquisition system is connected to the data/address bus of a communication interface or a main frame, independently also detects a plurality of input channels according to priority and this measured value that is digitized of storage in this local storage.When this memorizer of filling acquires a certain degree, can cause that this main frame adopts acquired data fast.Therefore in this local storage, also be useful on the other data space of digital to analog converter.Therefore alleviated the computer system that close patient is provided with effectively by such part self-excitation operating data acquisition system.
Fig. 9 shows the exploded view of this data acquisition unit that shows among Fig. 8.Contact pole plate 901,902,903 and 904 is fixed in strip material 905 and is placed on patient's the skin 906.Have respective through hole metallization (through-platings) and be positioned at the another side of this strip material to the data acquisition unit 906 of this contact pole plate 901,902,903 and 904.Circuit 907 to 912 is the contacts wire (signal input part 907, supply voltage input 908, control line 909, data output end 910, supply voltage outfan 911 and control line 912) to each adjacent data collecting unit.
The key variables that use in electrical impedance tomography are big as far as possible signal to noise ratios.For this purpose, the suggestion symmetric signal that carries out of Low ESR is as far as possible transmitted.Thereby this means and expanded at the corresponding symmetrical buffer of this electrode output and symmetric line receiver unit and terminating resistor on transmission plane.
Advise in the present embodiment the effective internal resistance of residue of parasitic capacitance and power supply is compensated or the part compensation according to Figure 11 and Figure 12.This compensation or part compensation can be initiatively and/or resistance and/or electric capacity.
1. symmetric signal transmission of Low ESR and processing:
Can improve the signal to noise ratio of this electrode, it passes through:
A) a symmetrical signal transmission has
B) low impedance termination impedance (R
TiWith T
Ti＜=300typ.Ohm) and
C) improved decoupling power supply and multiplexer structure.
Figure 10 shows a corresponding circuit:
The line receiver unit (differential amplifier) that is suitable for the symmetric signal transmission technology from upstream, the control input end interpolation one of this alternating current power supply 202.By low impedance termination impedance (R
T3, R
T4) realize symmetric line terminal.
Correspondingly the outfan at buffer 203 has added a symmetrical line driver.By in corresponding long circuit top and end as the low impedance termination resistance (R that is associated of two terminal units
T1, R
T2) and (R
T5, R
T6), create a generally speaking very useful and favourable Low ESR circuit system, make and in each line receiver unit, reduced the interference effect that is added in this symmetric line system widely.
In addition, the input capacitance by loading this line system and input or output that time constant that impedance forms switching transient has useful effect and be very favorable for example.And, also stoped the danger of the capacitance interference of the remarkable amplitude of coupling on low-down impedance lead basically.
In a word, increasing the fill-in that circuit fee is used though produced, is very useful simultaneously in many aspects, and it has produced more favourable S/N value basically.
2. the compensation of the high impedance internal resistance of the alternating current power supply impedance of alternating current power supply.
Can also be applied among Figure 11 the compensation method shown in summarizing, with the practical power resistance (R of the high impedance that can partly compensate alternating current power supply at least
ICS), the alternating current power supply impedance of a next balanced complexity describes with regard to its function below:
At this, has wire element R
1, R
2And R
COMPAdditional operational amplifier be to be used for the positive supply resistance R
ICSCompensating circuit.
Its in-phase input end is connected to this operational amplifier of node 201, ignores R considering
COMPSituation under can be interpreted as a homophase basic circuit at first, pass through resistance R
1And R
2According to U_OUT/U_IN=1+R
2/ R
1Determine of the voltage amplification of this lead-in wire from input to outfan.So R
2/ R
1Ratio determined level at its outfan output voltage U _ OUT.If this ratio R
2/ R
1=1, then the voltage amplification of Chan Shenging is U_OUT/U_IN=+2.
Can observe, if around this source resistance R
ICSVoltage and current is arranged,, pass through R then according to I=U/R
ICSProduce a positive shunting.According to the shunting law, by biology-impedance Z in parallel
BIOCan at random produce more actual current equilibrium.Here suppose Z earlier
BIOIt is a net resistance.
Can observe, if this resistance R
COMPBe connected to node 201 from the outfan of this operational amplifier, then produce another current path that is used for each differential voltage between the output voltage (end) of this node 201 and this operational amplifier, this differential voltage is by this resistance ratio R
2/ R
1Determine.
Therefore suppose that the voltage amplification of OPAMPs (operational amplifier) is U_OUT/U_IN=+2, then this output voltage will just in time be the twice of node 201 place's magnitudes of voltage.If select R
COMPResistance and R
ICSIdentical, R then flows through
COMPBut the actual shunting to node 201 is just in time compensated owing to the identical contrary sign of numerical value with the actual shunting that flows away through RICS: around R
COMPThe OPAMP circuit to allow it to be shown as be minus, R thus
ICS-R
COMP=0 is suitable for, or is expressed as the Rp reciprocal of the specific conductance that produces parallel circuit
1/(1/R
ICS-1/R
COMP)＝Rp。
Because this identity R
ICS=R
COMP, produce the limit that a 0-expresses this resistance at this fractional denominator.
By selecting R
COMPPerhaps resistance ratio R
2/ R
1Select voltage amplification, can have an overcompensation or a undercompensation.First kind of situation causes the unstable and useless vibration of this circuit.
Yet undercompensation is very advantageously, and it can be regulated in the source impedance of power supply gradually, and ground is artificial to be increased, and preferably has the precision of carrying out qualitative basically (qualitatively) increase of relevant voltage measurement via a buffer 203.
In addition, this method also allows to compensate the actual resistance of more parallel connection, so it is available at large.
3. in the compensation of the electrode contact place of this electrode stray capacitance
Figure 12 shows the method for expanded capacitor compensation.All electric capacity in parallel can be combined into an electric capacity thus successively, and it can be replaced compensation: C most ofly then
COMP=(C
ICS+ C
S).
The circuit that the circuit of Figure 12 is different from Figure 11 is, replaces the practical power resistance R
ICS, use an electric capacity (C to be compensated now
ICS+ C
S) reactance be X
ICS= * PI*f* (C
ICS+ C
S) electric capacity, replace this resistive element R
COMP, use a reactance X now
COMP= * PI*f*C
COMP
In the case, variable f is the operating frequency under each situation of this circuit.
The dual mode that is used for resistance and capacitive part compensation shown in the utilization, even the parasitic effects of active probe also is further reduced basically, and the available frequency range of 10kHz that should initial imagination or 25kHz operating frequency is extended even exceed 100kHz.
Claims (14)
1, the electrode that is used for biomedical measurement has a contact pole plate; One line driver has a high impedance signal input and a Low ESR circuit outfan; An and power supply, have a current output terminal and a reference point, wherein this contact pole plate is electrically connected to the high impedance signal input of this line driver and the current output terminal of this power supply, wherein this line driver and this power supply be arranged on this contact pole plate near.
2, according to the electrode of claim 1, it is characterized in that the electrical connection between this contact pole plate, this power supply and this line driver designs like this, promptly between this contact pole plate and reference point, produce an alap stray capacitance.
3,, it is characterized in that this line driver is arranged at this with this power supply as integrated circuit and contacts on the pole plate according to the electrode of claim 1 or 2.
4, according to each electrode in the claim 1 to 3, it is integrated in a screening can that this that it is characterized in that having this line driver and this power supply contacts pole plate.
5, according to each electrode in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that also being provided with a circuit, be used for the stray capacitance of Active Compensation between this contact pole plate and reference point.
6, according to each electrode in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that this power supply is one to have the bipolar power supply of high internal resistance, its output current and input voltage are almost proportional.
7, according to each electrode in the claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that this power supply provides frequency in 1kHz to 1MHz scope, the alternating current of amplitude in 1 μ A to 10mA scope.
8,, it is characterized in that this alternating current is frequency modulation and/or amplitude modulation according to the electrode of claim 7.
9, according to each electrode in the claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that this line driver comprises an impedance inverter circuit.
10,, it is characterized in that being connected with a voltage-measuring equipment between this Low ESR circuit outfan and this reference point according to the electrode of claim 9.
11, according to each electrode in the claim 1 to 10, it is characterized in that being provided with a switch between this contact pole plate and reference point, this contact pole plate can at random switch to the electromotive force of this reference point by this switch.
12, be used for the electrode band measured by electrical impedance tomography, have a plurality of according to each described electrode in the claim 1 to 11.
13,, it is characterized in that described electrode is provided with much at one interval each other according to each electrode band in the claim 1 to 12.
14, according to each electrode band in the claim 1 to 13, it is characterized in that being provided with data acquisition unit with at least one analog-digital converter, it reads in the voltage that respectively contacts between pole plate and this reference point by this analog-digital converter from one or more electrode, and is sent to a central processing unit by a data circuit.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10156833A DE10156833A1 (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2001-11-20 | Electrode for biomedical measurements has contact plate connected to line driver high impedance input and current source current output, line driver, current source close to contact plate |
| DE10156833.9 | 2001-11-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1604755A true CN1604755A (en) | 2005-04-06 |
| CN100355393C CN100355393C (en) | 2007-12-19 |
Family
ID=7706285
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB028251237A Expired - Fee Related CN100355393C (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2002-11-20 | Electrode for biomedical measurements |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7136690B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1455647B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4503289B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100355393C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE418912T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002361958B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0214331B8 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2467900C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10156833A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003043493A2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102670198A (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2012-09-19 | 德尔格医疗有限责任公司 | Method for electroimpedance tomography |
| CN108937868A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-07 | 许昌学院 | A kind of outer protective device of biological signal collecting |
Families Citing this family (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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2002
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- 2002-11-20 DE DE50213180T patent/DE50213180D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-20 WO PCT/EP2002/013026 patent/WO2003043493A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2002-11-20 JP JP2003545179A patent/JP4503289B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102670198A (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2012-09-19 | 德尔格医疗有限责任公司 | Method for electroimpedance tomography |
| CN108937868A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-07 | 许昌学院 | A kind of outer protective device of biological signal collecting |
| CN108937868B (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2021-07-13 | 南京棠邑科创服务有限公司 | External protection device for biological signal acquisition |
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| US7136690B2 (en) | 2006-11-14 |
| AU2002361958A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
| BRPI0214331B8 (en) | 2021-06-22 |
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| US20050020935A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| CA2467900C (en) | 2012-05-01 |
| CA2467900A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 |
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