Method for collecting solar energy and heater thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar energy utilization technique, especially relate to a kind of method for collecting solar energy and heater thereof.
Background technology
Solar energy is widely used in industry and people's lives as economical, the free of contamination energy.But, therefore collect the capital equipment of solar energy because the energy-flux density of solar energy is extremely low---heat collecting element just becomes one of key technology of solar energy utilization.Through improvement for many years, at present typical heat collecting element is to adopt vacuum tube or evacuated panel to absorb solar energy, and the liquid in vacuum tube/plate absorbs direct projection and the scattering in the solar radiation, and accumulation store up to elevated temperature heat can after circulate.But vacuum tube/plate heat absorption is a transmitted in both directions, so the temperature difference of liquid high temperature after vacuum tube/plate heat absorption and extraneous natural environment is bigger, must be incubated high temperature heat by vacuum layer, to reduce scattering and disappearing of heat.So there are following problem in thermal-arrest mode and thermal-arrest structure at present: 1, heat collecting element manufacturing, use cost height.For reaching the high efficiency thermal effect of adopting, reduce the thermal radiation loss problem as far as possible, after the liquid of pipe absorbs heat in the heat collecting element, also to reduce the loss of heat energy by vacuum layer between the inner and outer pipe.Though the all-glass vacuum tube thermal efficiency is the highest, exist problem frangible and can not pressure-bearing; Though the metal heat pipe has solved the pressure-bearing problem, also increase the metal fever pipe simultaneously and made the difficult solution of sealing of complexity, the especially port of technology, cause the vacuum of vacuum layer to be difficult for guaranteeing that thermal radiation loss is bigger that the thermal efficiency reduces relatively; Though the board-like heat collector of vacuum also can solve the pressure-bearing problem preferably, the processing technology of glass vacuum plate is complicated more, and vacuum is also lower than metal heat pipe, and thermal radiation loss is big, and heat-insulating property is relatively poor, and its collecting efficiency is minimum.The thermal-arrest unit all take measures aspect insulation, but these measures can further increase the manufacturing cost of heat collecting element again for reducing thermal radiation loss at present.Moreover, liquid owing to flow through in the heat collecting element is to circulate in the pipeline of sealing, and the liquid heat absorption will produce certain pressure after expanding in pipe, so heat collecting element requires very high to the accuracy of manufacture of liquid pipe, this not only can increase the manufacturing cost of heat collecting element, and, reduced the functional reliability of thermal-arrest unit and whole heating system owing to manage pressure-bearing in the heat collecting element in service.2, adopting hot side amasss little.Structure based on the vacuum heat-collecting unit of traditional structure, the thermal-arrest unit must be placed on the specific tool rack and be fixed on the roofing, not only can't implement large tracts of land and adopt heat, utilize solar energy, and adopt special stand to give and install, construct and bring difficulty, also bring inconvenience to line service.3, the system works reliability is not high.No matter be solar energy vacuum tube or solar energy evacuated plate, all adopt vacuum glass to make, therefore in the temperature difference in big or transportation and the installation process, glass all very easily is damaged, and the heat-insulation layer of destruction heat collecting element, cause the decline of adopting the thermal efficiency, so the functional reliability of solar energy heat-collecting system is not high.4, can not realize the round-the-clock heat of adopting.Because the solar irradiation time is limited, all be that discontinuity is adopted heat so gather solar energy, be subjected to weather effect very big, especially overcast and rainy, just can not adopt heat, therefore just need the auxiliary heating of electricity consumption, but adopt the economy of the auxiliary heating of electricity relatively poor.
Though present disclosed heat-pump-type solar heat collector, its thermal-arrest plate heats working medium as evaporimeter, changes the water in the heating thermal storage water tank by the working medium recurrent state.But because working medium is directly to absorb heat energy by the thermal-arrest unit, not only the thermal-arrest unit can't large tracts of land be laid, and architecture-integral is difficult to solve, and because of every day variation of ambient temperature bigger, economic performance is not high, can not large tracts of land promote the use of.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new method of gathering solar energy, normal pressure streams liquid in the fluid passage and solar energy or/and air heat energy when carrying out heat exchange in the roofing tile, make the liquid heat absorption back that is adsorbed on the fluid passage adsorption layer also gather heat energy simultaneously from the adsorption layer desorption, can not only realize that low temperature adopts the hot merit energy, and can be by the suction-operated of liquid, form one-way transmission heat energy, reduce the cost of gathering solar energy significantly.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of solar heat collector, with roofing tile as the thermal-arrest unit, can not only large tracts of land be laid on the oblique roofing and adopt heat, be integral with building, and the roofing tile normal pressure stream in the fluid passage liquid with the solar heat exchange in, suction-operated by liquid, realize one-way transmission heat energy, reduce the manufacturing cost and use cost of thermal-arrest unit significantly, easy construction, operating cost are low, simple in structure, security of system is reliable, heating performance good.
The present invention's technical scheme for achieving the above object is, a kind of method for collecting solar energy, the roofing tile of adjacent vertical and horizontal lapped layup on pitched roof has built-in normal pressure and streams fluid passage, the fluid passage of each roofing tile is vertically open from top to bottom many groups of fluid passages in parallel that communicate with atmosphere, in the roofing tile fluid passage from top to bottom flowing liquid by watt bulk absorption solar thermal energy or/and air heat energy the time, the liquid heat absorption back desorption that is adsorbed in the fluid passage adsorption layer forms unidirectional heat transmission, and liquid heat absorption back is as low-temperature heat source.
Solar heat collector of the present invention, comprise by pipeline evaporimeter, compressor, condenser and expansion valve are connected and composed closed heat pump cycle and heat storage water tank, condenser is arranged in the heat storage water tank, also have roofing tile and its heating agent heat storage box that is connected of the heat of adopting, be provided with evaporimeter in the heating agent heat storage box; The roofing tile of a plurality of vertical and horizontal lapped layups on pitched roof has built-in normal pressure and streams fluid passage, fluid passage is vertically open from top to bottom many groups of fluid passages in parallel that communicate with atmosphere, the top of roofing tile fluid passage has liquid-adsorption layer, liquid flows through that fluid passage absorbs solar energy or/and during air heat energy, the liquid desorption after heat absorption that is adsorbed on the fluid passage adsorption layer forms unidirectional heat transmission, liquid after pipeline will absorb heat is delivered to the thermal source of heating agent heat storage box as evaporimeter, and the heating agent heat storage box communicates with the upper end inlet of roofing tile by circulating pump.
Wherein, described roofing tile is made of following watt of body and on watt body that is fastened and connected at following watt of body top, Shang watt body has the watertight composition of outer surface and the adsorption layer of inner surface, following watt of body both sides have arch edge fit and the locking edge that covers arch edge fit top, following watt of body has sap cavity, on the sap cavity, on lower end side has, be provided with hydrops plate horizontal more than two in following strut rail limit and the sap cavity, gap between hydrops plate top and the last watt body is a fluid passage, following watt of body is positioned at down, and the inboard on strut rail limit has the liquid outlet that runs through watt body, the inboard on strut rail limit joins on the base of the liquid outlet lower lobes of following watt of body and the following watt of body, form the vertical fluid passage communicate with atmosphere, and following watt of body bottom can be incumbent on watt body.
After the present invention adopts technique scheme:
1, manufacturing, use cost are low.Because the present invention uses the roofing tile of gathering solar energy as the thermal-arrest unit, in roofing tile, be provided with normal pressure and stream fluid passage, make liquid pass through watt bulk absorption solar thermal energy or/and in the air heat energy, the liquid that is adsorbed on the fluid passage adsorption layer forms unidirectional heat transmission at the heat absorption desorption, therefore make roofing tile be the carrier that absorbs thermal source, again for absorbing the thermal insulator of heat energy liquid, need not special insulation construction, and the heat energy of being gathered is low-temperature heat source, therefore can reduce the manufacturing cost that solar energy is adopted hot cell significantly.In addition because the liquid passway between each roofing tile need not the line seal connection, therefore also lowered the difficulty of manufacturing cost and construction significantly, can not only realize that auxilliary being located at of large tracts of land gather solar energy on the roofing or/and the target of air heat energy, and auxilliaryly establish, keep in repair and to change roofing tile very convenient.
2, construction flexibly.Roofing tile of the present invention can be assisted arbitrarily according to the area of required collection and be established, and identical with general roofing tile during auxilliary establishing, and is not subjected to the restriction of roofing area size, and auxilliaryly establishes flexiblely, therefore easily realization maximum area collection, utilizes solar energy.
3, flat appearance can completely be integral with building.The present invention will adopt hot cell and traditional roofing tile unites two into one, roofing tile waterproof, heat insulation function have not only intactly been kept, the function that also has the heat of adopting, thoroughly solved the problem of solar energy heat-collecting system and architecture-integral, make color, the style of roofing tile unrestricted, enriched the function of roofing tile.
4, hang down thermal recovery thermal efficiency height, improved the operational reliability of system.Be provided with the hydrops plate in auxilliary its sap cavity of roofing tile that is located on the roofing in inclined-plane of the present invention, play the stream effect of scratching when making liquid or working medium flow into sap cavity during by each hydrops plate, can not only increase liquid or the working medium stroke in roofing tile, fully absorb heat energy, and the liquid heat absorption back desorption that is adsorbed on the fluid passage adsorption layer is dirty, form the one-way transmission of heat, the roofing tile that liquid flows into the bottom more further absorbs heat until the roofing tile to foot, deliver in the heating agent heat storage box by pipeline at last, as low-temperature heat source, realize most economical heat supply.The present invention is owing to only rely on the adjacent auxilliary overlap joint of establishing between each roofing tile, need not pipeline between vertical fluid passage between the roofing tile connects, form the vertical fluid passage that communicates with atmosphere, therefore can in fluid passage, not produce pressure behind the heated expansion of liquids yet, improve the operational reliability of heater greatly.
5, integrated heat efficiency height.Roofing tile of the present invention can utilize environment thermal energy to be replenished when solar energy is not enough, has therefore improved stability and integrated heat efficiency that solar energy utilizes.
6, good economy performance.The present invention can gather the solar energy collecting low-temperature heat source as the heat pump initial heat source by large tracts of land, and heat pump draw heat from low temperature environment, and with after its energy position raising, improve heating performance to the heat storage water tank heat release, because the heat that roofing tile is gathered stores the thermal source as heat pump, therefore can realize cheap, economic method heat supply.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation after auxilliary the establishing of the many groups of roofing tile of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of following watt of body of roofing tile of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of following watt of body bottom of roofing tile of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of Shang watt body of roofing tile of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the structure schematic diagram of Shang watt body bottom of roofing tile of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Method for collecting solar energy of the present invention, be on the roof, inclined-plane with a plurality of roofing tile 8 adjacent vertical and horizontal lapped layups, roofing tile 8 has built-in normal pressure and streams fluid passage, the fluid passage of each roofing tile 8 is vertically open from top to bottom many groups of fluid passages in parallel that communicate with atmosphere, in the fluid passage of roofing tile 8 from top to bottom flowing liquid by watt bulk absorption solar thermal energy or/and air heat energy the time, be adsorbed on the liquid heat absorption back desorption in the fluid passage adsorption layer, form unidirectional heat transmission, liquid heat absorption back is as low-temperature heat source.
See solar heat collector of the present invention shown in Figure 1, comprise roofing tile 8, be arranged on evaporimeter 2, the compressor 4 in the heating agent heat storage box 1 and be arranged on condenser 5 and expansion valve 7 in the heat storage box 6, pipeline connects and composes closed heat pump cycle mechanism with evaporimeter 2, compressor 4, condenser 5 and expansion valve 7, roofing tile 8 is connected in series with heating agent heat storage box 1, heating agent heat storage box 1 is delivered to liquid by circulating pump 3 upper end of roofing tile 8, the bottom of roofing tile 8 flow in the heating agent heat storage box 1 by pipeline, is provided with evaporimeter 2 in the heating agent heat storage box 1.The roofing tile 8 of a plurality of vertical and horizontal lapped layups on pitched roof has built-in normal pressure and streams fluid passage, fluid passage is vertically open from top to bottom many groups of fluid passages in parallel that communicate with atmosphere, the top of roofing tile 8 fluid passages has adsorption layer, liquid by the hydrops plate when the liquid fluid passage, its liquid level promptly separates with contact back, fluid passage top, absorb solar energy on the one hand or/and air heat energy when making liquid flow through fluid passage, the liquid desorption after heat absorption that is adsorbed on the fluid passage adsorption layer on the other hand forms unidirectional heat transmission, and the liquid after pipeline will absorb heat is delivered to the thermal source of heating agent heat storage box 1 as evaporimeter 2.The present invention is after evaporimeter 2 absorbs low-temperature heat source, making its interior working medium obtain energy is evaporated, the steam working medium that flows out is sucked and is compressed into the steam working medium of HTHP by compressor 4, enter in the condenser 5 that is arranged in the heat storage box 6, water in the condenser 5 heat releases heating heat storage box 6, condensed working medium is got back in the evaporimeter 2 heat absorption, vaporization cycle again by expansion valve 7, evaporimeter 2 constantly absorbs the heat of heating agent heat storage box 1, by condenser 5 continuous heat releases, the water in the heat storage box 6 is heated.
See shown in Fig. 2-6 that the roofing tile 8 of collection solar energy of the present invention is made of following watt of body 81 and last watt body 82, Shang watt body 82 has the watertight composition of outer surface and the adsorption layer of inner surface, and Shang watt body 82 is fastened and connected at following watt of body 81 tops.The top of following watt of body 81 has seam 81-6 and is higher than the bearing-surface 81-8 of seam 81-6, the neighboring of Shang watt body 82 is connected to seam 81-6 and is bearing in bearing-surface 81-8 up and down watt body 81 and connects, following watt of body 81 both sides have arch edge fit 81-5 and the locking edge 81-10 that covers arch edge fit 81-5 top, the front and rear portions of locking edge 81-10 also has the locating slot of indent, makes adjacent roofing tile 8 transverse laps together.See shown in Figure 2, following watt of body 81 has sap cavity 81-11, on the sap cavity 81-11, lower end side has last strut rail limit 81-1 and following strut rail limit 81-8, be provided with hydrops plate 81-3 formation horizontal more than two in the sap cavity 81-11 and stream the formula fluid passage, see shown in Figure 3, one side at hydrops plate 81-3 top is provided with recessed fluid passage 81-4, and the laying that interlaces of the fluid passage 81-4 on the adjacent hydrops plate 81-3, form two-way streaming when making liquid by fluid passage 81-4, make the liquid in being adsorbed on watt body 82 adsorption layers, after 82 heat absorptions of last watt of body, the adsorption layer of natural desorption on watt body 82, play the effect of one-way transmission heat energy, hydrops plate 81-3 can also increase the heat absorption stroke of liquid simultaneously.Following watt of body 81 is positioned at down, and the inboard of horizontal rib 81-8 has the liquid outlet 81-7 that runs through watt body, the inboard of strut rail limit 81-1 joins on the base 81-13 of the liquid outlet 81-7 lower lobes of following watt of body 81 and the previous following watt of body 81, thereby make, following two roofing tiles form the open fluid passage that communicates with atmosphere of vertical perforation, for ease of roofing tile 8 is installed, the stopper slot 81-12 that the base 81-13 of the liquid outlet 81-7 lower lobes of following watt of body 81 matches with last watt body 82 anterior convex tendon 82-1 in addition, following watt of body 81 bottom cover on previous Shang watt body 82 and the following watt of body 81, make the good cooperation of formation between each watt, and when rainy, rainwater can be discharged ponding by the upper surface of last watt body 82.
See shown in Figure 3, following watt of body 81 of the present invention also has the bearing 81-2 that is connected with last watt body 82 near 81-1 inboard, last strut rail limit, and bearing 81-2 is provided with the liquid mouth, the projection 82-3 of Shang watt body 82 is connected in the liquid mouth of bearing 81-2, and Shang watt body 82 is contained on the following watt of body 81 easily by the projection 82-3 and the periphery of front portion.
Adopt the thermal efficiency for further improving, see shown in Figure 5, the bottom of Shang watt body 82 also has the fin 82-4 that is inserted in the following watt of body 81 sap cavity 81-11, the heat that last watt body 82 is absorbed is delivered in the liquid by fin liquid is carried out heat exchange, preferably go up watt body 82 adjacent fin 82-4 laying that interlaces, further increase the heat absorption distance of liquid in roofing tile.
For making roofing tile keep the shape of traditional tile, following watt of body 81 middle parts have last convex globoidal 81-9, and its both sides have sap cavity 81-11, and Shang watt body 82 also has associated cambered surface 82-2.
The present invention reduces the manufacturing and the operating cost of thermal-arrest unit significantly owing to adopt the roofing tile of novel structure, realizes that large tracts of land adopts the purpose of solar energy.