CN1592066A - Nondestructive clamp circuit - Google Patents
Nondestructive clamp circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1592066A CN1592066A CN 03155557 CN03155557A CN1592066A CN 1592066 A CN1592066 A CN 1592066A CN 03155557 CN03155557 CN 03155557 CN 03155557 A CN03155557 A CN 03155557A CN 1592066 A CN1592066 A CN 1592066A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrically connected
- diode
- circuit
- transformer
- clamping
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
In a power converter, the parasitic parameter makes the backswing voltage at both ends of a power element to generate peak when a power element is switched, so elements with high rated parameters should be selected. This invention provides a simple subsidiary circuit to hoop-control the backswing voltage peak at both ends of the power element and fully utilize the hoop energy to greatly increase the efficiency of power converters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of Lossless Clamp Circuit, refers to that especially a kind of reverse voltage spike to the power component two ends carries out the Lossless Clamp Circuit of clamp control.
Background technology
See also Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is that the reverse current of diode recovers schematic diagram.Diode because the cause of store charge does not possess reverse blocking capability, thereby produces a reverse current I at shutdown moment
fOwing to have inductance in the loop of diode, when diode at t
1Constantly possess reverse blocking capability, the electric current absolute value reduces rapidly, produces very high voltage peak.Wherein, I
D1Be diode current flow current value, V
D1Be diode both end voltage value.
Fig. 2 is a typical full-wave rectifying circuit schematic diagram.Suppose that its commutating voltage is a positive and negative square-wave voltage, its course of work can be divided into following several stages: commutation phase, afterflow stage, recovery stage.
Commutation phase: as shown in Figure 3, voltage V1 is being for just, diode D1 conducting, and its size of current is IL1, diode D2 ends.Inductance L s1 and Ls2 are transformer leakage inductance and lead-in inductance.
The afterflow stage: as shown in Figure 4, voltage V1 is zero, diode D1, and D2 is conducting, and its electric current sum is IL1.
The recovery stage: as shown in Figure 5, voltage V1 becomes negative by zero, and diode D1 enters the reverse recovery stage, and its size of current is If, the D2 conducting, and its electric current is IL1 and If sum.When diode D1 returns to t1 constantly, diode D1 possesses reverse blocking capability, shows as high impedance, and leakage inductance Ls1, the current-jump among the Ls2 produce very high due to voltage spikes at diode D1 two ends.Because the symmetry of circuit, diode D2 has the problem of reverse recovery equally.
If unconstrained to this spike, its value is the specified oppositely withstand voltage several times of diode.Therefore must select high-voltage diode for use, and the forward voltage drop of high-voltage diode generally is higher than low pressure diode, so power loss will greatly increase.
See also Fig. 6, be the clamp circuit schematic diagram of first existing solution diode reverse recovery problem.The operation principle of this circuit is: when diode DR1 or DR2 enter reverse recovery t1 constantly, be rendered as high impedance, the energy in the leakage inductance is stored among capacitor C S1 or the CS2 by diode DS1 or DS2.Energy in two electric capacity is by switch S A, and SB flows into load.Its advantage is that the clamp effect is better, and is lossless.Its shortcoming is complicated for control.
See also Fig. 7, Fig. 7 is the clamp circuit schematic diagram of second existing solution diode reverse recovery problem.The operation principle of Fig. 7 is as follows: the t1 that enters reverse recovery as two diode D1 or D2 constantly, be rendered as high impedance, energy in the leakage inductance is stored among capacitor C S1 or the CS2 by diode DS1 or DS2, and the energy in two electric capacity flows into the primary side Np of high-tension transformer T by switch S x afterwards.Its advantage is that the former limit of transformer clamp effect is better, lossless.There is the safety problem in its shortcoming for high-tension transformer T2, and efficient is lower.
Seeing also Fig. 8, is the clamp circuit schematic diagram of the 3rd existing solution diode reverse recovery problem.The operation principle of Fig. 8 is as follows: the t1 that enters reverse recovery as diode VD1 or VD2 is rendered as high impedance constantly, and the energy in the leakage inductance flows into primary side by a forward converter.Its advantage is simple.Its shortcoming is that the clamp effect is bad, and there is the safety problem in high-tension transformer, and efficient is lower.
Summary of the invention
The invention reside in provides a kind of Lossless Clamp Circuit, is that the reverse voltage spike to the power component two ends carries out clamp control, and the clamp energy is made full use of, and improves the efficient of converter.
First purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Lossless Clamp Circuit, be to be applied among the power inverter, reverse voltage to the power component two ends of this power inverter carries out clamp control, this power inverter comprises a transformer, the secondary side output of this transformer is electrically connected a full-wave rectifying circuit, this full-wave rectifying circuit comprises one first rectifier diode, one second rectifier diode, one output inductor and an output filter capacitor, this Lossless Clamp Circuit comprises: two clamping diodes, the positive terminal of this clamping diode is interconnected to form anode tap altogether, and negative pole end is connected with the secondary side two ends of this transformer respectively; One first clamping capacitance, the one end is electrically connected on the negative pole end of this first rectifier diode, and the other end is electrically connected on this common anode tap; One second clamping capacitance, one end are electrically connected on a node of this output inductor and this output filter capacitor, and the other end is electrically connected on this common anode tap; And a converter circuit, its input is electrically connected this second clamping capacitance, and its output provides a power supply.
According to above-mentioned conception, wherein this power supply is fed back to one of the primary side of this transformer and secondary side with energy.
According to above-mentioned conception, wherein this power supply is as an accessory power supply.
According to above-mentioned conception, wherein this converter circuit is a booster circuit.
According to above-mentioned conception, wherein this booster circuit comprises: an inductance, and the one end is electrically connected this node; One switch element, its first end is electrically connected the other end of this inductance, and second end is electrically connected anode tap altogether; One diode, its positive terminal is electrically connected the other end of this inductance, and its negative terminal is electrically connected the negative pole end of this first rectifier diode.
According to above-mentioned conception, wherein this inductance is an energy feedback inductance, and this diode is that an energy feedback diode and this switch element are an energy feedback switch element.
Second purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Lossless Clamp Circuit.Be applied among the power inverter, reverse voltage to the power component two ends of this power inverter carries out clamp control, this power inverter comprises a transformer, the secondary side output of this transformer is electrically connected a full-wave rectifying circuit, this full-wave rectifying circuit comprises one first rectifier diode, one second rectifier diode, one output inductor and an output filter capacitor, this Lossless Clamp Circuit comprises: two clamping diodes, the positive terminal of this clamping diode is interconnected to form anode tap altogether, and negative pole end is connected with the secondary side two ends of this transformer respectively; One clamping capacitance, the one end is electrically connected on the negative pole end of this first rectifier diode, and the other end is electrically connected on this common anode tap; And a converter circuit, its input is electrically connected this clamping capacitance, and its output provides a power supply.
According to above-mentioned conception, wherein this power supply is fed back to one of the primary side of this transformer and secondary side with energy.
According to above-mentioned conception, wherein this power supply is as an accessory power supply.
The 3rd purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Lossless Clamp Circuit, be applied in the full bridge rectifier of a power inverter, reverse voltage to this full bridge rectifier carries out clamp control, this power inverter comprises a transformer, the secondary side output of this transformer is electrically connected this full bridge rectifier, this Lossless Clamp Circuit comprises: a clamping capacitance is electrically connected the output of this full bridge rectifier; And a converter circuit, its input is electrically connected this clamping capacitance, and its output provides a power supply.
According to above-mentioned conception, wherein this power supply is fed back to one of the primary side of this transformer and secondary side with energy.
According to above-mentioned conception, wherein this power supply is as an accessory power supply.
The 4th purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Lossless Clamp Circuit, be applied among times current circuit of a power inverter, reverse voltage to the power component two ends of this times current circuit carries out clamp control, this power inverter comprises a transformer, the secondary side output of this transformer is electrically connected a full-wave rectifying circuit, this times current circuit comprises one first times of stream diode, one second times of stream diode, this Lossless Clamp Circuit comprises: two clamping diodes, the positive terminal of this clamping diode is interconnected to form anode tap altogether, and negative pole end is connected with the secondary side two ends of this transformer respectively; One clamping capacitance, one end are electrically connected on a node of this first times stream diode and this second times stream diode, and the other end is electrically connected on this common anode tap; And a converter circuit, its input is electrically connected this clamping capacitance, and its output provides a power supply.
According to above-mentioned conception, wherein this power supply is fed back to one of the primary side of this transformer and secondary side with energy.
According to above-mentioned conception, wherein this power supply is as an accessory power supply.
The 5th purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Lossless Clamp Circuit, be applied among times current circuit of a power inverter, reverse voltage to the power component two ends of this times current circuit carries out clamp control, this power inverter comprises a transformer, the secondary side output of this transformer is electrically connected a full-wave rectifying circuit, this times current circuit comprises one first times of stream diode, one second times of stream diode, this Lossless Clamp Circuit comprises: two clamping diodes, the negative pole end of this clamping diode is interconnected to form cathode terminal altogether, and positive terminal is connected with the secondary side two ends of this transformer respectively; One clamping capacitance, one end are electrically connected on a node of this first times stream diode and this second times stream diode, and the other end is electrically connected on this common cathode end; And a converter circuit, its input is electrically connected this clamping capacitance, and its output provides a power supply.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the reverse current of diode recovers schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is a typical full-wave rectifying circuit schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is a typical full-wave rectifying circuit commutation phase circuit diagram
Fig. 4 is a typical full-wave rectifying circuit afterflow stage circuit diagram
Fig. 5 is that a typical full-wave rectifying circuit recovers the stage circuit diagram
Fig. 6 is the clamp circuit schematic diagram of first existing solution diode reverse recovery problem
Fig. 7 is the clamp circuit schematic diagram of second existing solution diode reverse recovery problem
Fig. 8 is the clamp circuit schematic diagram of the 3rd existing solution diode reverse recovery problem
Fig. 9 is (BOOST) converter carries out clamp control to the reverse voltage of diode the circuit diagram that boosts that utilizes of this case first preferred embodiment
Figure 10,11 (BOOST) converters that boost for this case first preferred embodiment recover the circuit diagram in stage when the reverse voltage of diode is carried out clamp control
Figure 12 carries out the circuit diagram of clamp control for the converter that utilizes of this case second preferred embodiment to the reverse voltage of diode
Figure 13 carries out the circuit diagram of clamp control for the converter that utilizes of this case the 3rd preferred embodiment to the reverse voltage of diode
Figure 14 carries out the circuit diagram of clamp control for the converter that utilizes of this case the 4th preferred embodiment to the reverse voltage of full bridge rectifier
Figure 15,16 converters that utilize for this case the 5th preferred embodiment carry out the circuit diagram of clamp control to the reverse voltage of current-doubling rectifier
Embodiment
For the problem that is faced above solving, the present invention utilizes (BOOST) converter (circuit that L2 as shown in Figure 9, Dr3, Q1, C2, Cout form) that boosts that the reverse voltage of diode is carried out clamp control.Principle Analysis is as follows:
The course of work of Fig. 9 is divided into following several stages equally: commutation phase, afterflow stage, recovery stage.Its commutation phase is similar to the course of work that above Fig. 2 analyzes with the afterflow stage, and the recovery stage is then different.
As shown in figure 10, when oppositely recovering beginning, the electric current that flows through among the diode D2 is the electric current sum among inductance L 1 and the Ls1.When reverse recovery entered into t1, diode D1 possessed blocking ability, and the electric current among inductance L s1 and the Ls2 can not suddenly change, diode Dr1 conducting, its path as shown in figure 11: Dr1-Ls1-Ls2-D2-C1-Dr1.The store energy among inductance L s1 and the Ls2 in capacitor C 1, thereby avoided on diode D1 producing the reverse voltage spike.
Energy in the capacitor C 1 flows back to output capacitance Cout by additional booster circuit (as the circuit of the L2 among Fig. 9, Dr3, Q1, C2, Cout composition), and then flows to load.
The invention of this case also can be flowed back to the secondary side of transformer with the energy in the electric capacity via other converter except that using booster converter, or primary side, or by fan, accessory power supply utilization.Thereby equivalent structure of the present invention can be as shown in figure 12.
In addition, also capacitor C 2 can be removed, the energy in the capacitor C 1 be flowed back to the primary side of transformer via converter, or by utilizations such as fan, accessory power supplys.Thereby equivalent structure of the present invention can be as shown in figure 13.
Moreover, in full bridge rectifier, there is reverse-recovery problems equally, can use principle of the present invention.The present invention be applied in the full bridge rectifier equivalent structure as shown in figure 14.
Again, in current-doubling rectifier, equally also there is reverse-recovery problems, also can uses principle of the present invention.The present invention is applied to equivalent structure such as the Figure 15 in the current-doubling rectifier, shown in 16.
Technology of the present invention also can be applicable in the circuit of synchronous rectification, and there is reverse-recovery problems equally in power MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect tube) switch element, also can use principle of the present invention.Its Application Example is that D2 becomes the power mosfet switch element with the diode D1 among Figure 12,13,14,15,16.
In sum, the present invention can provide a kind of Lossless Clamp Circuit, and the reverse voltage spike at power component two ends is carried out clamp control, and the clamp energy is made full use of, and improves the efficient of power inverter greatly.The various equivalences that all those skilled in the art are done according to the present invention change, and all should belong within the claim protection range of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Lossless Clamp Circuit, it is characterized in that, be applied among the power inverter, reverse voltage to the power component two ends of this power inverter carries out clamp control, this power inverter comprises a transformer, and the secondary side output of this transformer is electrically connected a full-wave rectifying circuit, and this full-wave rectifying circuit comprises one first rectifier diode, one second rectifier diode, one output inductor and an output filter capacitor, this Lossless Clamp Circuit comprises:
Two clamping diodes, the positive terminal of this clamping diode are interconnected to form anode tap altogether, and negative pole end is connected with the secondary side two ends of this transformer respectively;
One first clamping capacitance, the one end is electrically connected on the negative pole end of this first rectifier diode, and the other end is electrically connected on this common anode tap;
One second clamping capacitance, one end are electrically connected on a node of this output inductor and this output filter capacitor, and the other end is electrically connected on this common anode tap; And
One converter circuit, its input are electrically connected this second clamping capacitance, and its output provides a power supply.
2. Lossless Clamp Circuit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein this power supply is fed back to one of the primary side of this transformer and secondary side with energy.
3. Lossless Clamp Circuit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein this power supply is as an accessory power supply.
4. Lossless Clamp Circuit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein this converter circuit is a booster circuit.
5. Lossless Clamp Circuit as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, wherein this booster circuit comprises:
One inductance, the one end is electrically connected this node;
One switch element, its first end is electrically connected the other end of this inductance, and second end is electrically connected anode tap altogether; And
One diode, its positive terminal is electrically connected the other end of this inductance, and its negative terminal is electrically connected the negative pole end of this first rectifier diode.
6. Lossless Clamp Circuit as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, wherein this inductance is an energy feedback inductance, and this diode is that an energy feedback diode and this switch element are an energy feedback switch element.
7. Lossless Clamp Circuit, it is characterized in that, be applied among the power inverter, reverse voltage to the power component two ends of this power inverter carries out clamp control, this power inverter comprises a transformer, and the secondary side output of this transformer is electrically connected a full-wave rectifying circuit, and this full-wave rectifying circuit comprises one first rectifier diode, one second rectifier diode, one output inductor and an output filter capacitor, this Lossless Clamp Circuit comprises:
Two clamping diodes, the positive terminal of this clamping diode are interconnected to form anode tap altogether, and negative pole end is connected with the secondary side two ends of this transformer respectively;
One clamping capacitance, the one end is electrically connected on the negative pole end of this first rectifier diode, and the other end is electrically connected on this common anode tap; And
One converter circuit, its input is electrically connected this clamping capacitance, and its output provides a power supply.
8. Lossless Clamp Circuit, it is characterized in that, be applied in the full bridge rectifier of a power inverter, reverse voltage to this full bridge rectifier carries out clamp control, this power inverter comprises a transformer, the secondary side output of this transformer is electrically connected this full bridge rectifier, and this Lossless Clamp Circuit comprises:
One clamping capacitance is electrically connected the output of this full bridge rectifier; And
One converter circuit, its input is electrically connected this clamping capacitance, and its output provides a power supply.
9. Lossless Clamp Circuit, it is characterized in that, be applied among times current circuit of a power inverter, reverse voltage to the power component two ends of this times current circuit carries out clamp control, this power inverter comprises a transformer, the secondary side output of this transformer is electrically connected a full-wave rectifying circuit, and this times current circuit comprises one first times of stream diode, one second times of stream diode, and this Lossless Clamp Circuit comprises:
Two clamping diodes, the positive terminal of this clamping diode are interconnected to form anode tap altogether, and negative pole end is connected with the secondary side two ends of this transformer respectively;
One clamping capacitance, one end are electrically connected on a node of this first times stream diode and this second times stream diode, and the other end is electrically connected on this common anode tap; And
One converter circuit, its input is electrically connected this clamping capacitance, and its output provides a power supply.
10. Lossless Clamp Circuit, it is characterized in that, be applied among times current circuit of a power inverter, reverse voltage to the power component two ends of this times current circuit carries out clamp control, this power inverter comprises a transformer, the secondary side output of this transformer is electrically connected a full-wave rectifying circuit, and this times current circuit comprises one first times of stream diode, one second times of stream diode, and this Lossless Clamp Circuit comprises:
Two clamping diodes, the negative pole end of this clamping diode are interconnected to form cathode terminal altogether, and positive terminal is connected with the secondary side two ends of this transformer respectively;
One clamping capacitance, one end are electrically connected on a node of this first times stream diode and this second times stream diode, and the other end is electrically connected on this common cathode end; And
One converter circuit, its input is electrically connected this clamping capacitance, and its output provides a power supply.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031555578A CN100446396C (en) | 2003-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | Nondestructive clamp circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031555578A CN100446396C (en) | 2003-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | Nondestructive clamp circuit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1592066A true CN1592066A (en) | 2005-03-09 |
| CN100446396C CN100446396C (en) | 2008-12-24 |
Family
ID=34598162
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031555578A Expired - Fee Related CN100446396C (en) | 2003-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | Nondestructive clamp circuit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100446396C (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008047186A2 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2008-04-24 | Astec Custom Power (Hk) Ltd. | A zero voltage zero current switching converter |
| CN101072010B (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2012-06-20 | 栢怡国际股份有限公司 | Micro-regulation circuit of transformer winding voltage |
| CN104779807A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-15 | 陕西科技大学 | LLC resonance transducer applied to distributed power source |
| CN108925012A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-11-30 | 四川大学 | Single switch multichannel flows output translator circuit again |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5351179A (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1994-09-27 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Lossless active snubber for half-bridge output rectifiers |
| JPH0866029A (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 1996-03-08 | Fanuc Ltd | Push-pull open loop dc/dc converter |
| US5907481A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 1999-05-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Double ended isolated D.C.--D.C. converter |
| US5923547A (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-07-13 | Lucent Technologies | Snubber circuit for a power converter and method of operation thereof |
-
2003
- 2003-08-28 CN CNB031555578A patent/CN100446396C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101072010B (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2012-06-20 | 栢怡国际股份有限公司 | Micro-regulation circuit of transformer winding voltage |
| WO2008047186A2 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2008-04-24 | Astec Custom Power (Hk) Ltd. | A zero voltage zero current switching converter |
| WO2008047186A3 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2008-07-10 | Astec Custom Power Hk Ltd | A zero voltage zero current switching converter |
| CN104779807A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-15 | 陕西科技大学 | LLC resonance transducer applied to distributed power source |
| CN104779807B (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2017-03-29 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of LLC resonant converter applied in distributed power source |
| CN108925012A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-11-30 | 四川大学 | Single switch multichannel flows output translator circuit again |
| CN108925012B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-05-15 | 四川大学 | Single-switch multi-path current-multiplying output converter circuit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100446396C (en) | 2008-12-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1055804C (en) | Topological circuit for soft switch | |
| CN108599564A (en) | A kind of capacitance voltage discontinuous mode capacitance series formula crisscross parallel Bcuk pfc converters | |
| CN1551472A (en) | Ac/dc flyback converter | |
| CN108990212B (en) | Interleaved parallel electrolytic-capacitor-free L ED driving power supply based on BUCK converter and switching method | |
| CN1866704A (en) | Dual-tube dual-forward-excitation boosting type single-stage power factor correction circuit | |
| CN103618449A (en) | Three-winding coupling inductance double tube boost converter with charge pump | |
| CN1630173A (en) | Combined type full-bridge three-level DC converter and full-bridge three-level DC converter | |
| CN1238954C (en) | Resonant reset dual-switch forward DC-to-DC converter | |
| CN101030731A (en) | DC zero-voltage switched full-bridged converter of diode mutual inductor clamp | |
| CN215934730U (en) | DC-DC converter with high step-up ratio | |
| CN116191858A (en) | Cuk type power factor correction circuit based on switching inductance | |
| CN1578040A (en) | Power supply circuit and electronic device | |
| CN1956304A (en) | Inhibition method for diode reverse recovery current and its circuit | |
| US20230299690A1 (en) | Neutral point clamped inverter and photovoltaic power supply system | |
| CN1592066A (en) | Nondestructive clamp circuit | |
| CN111525821A (en) | Novel PFC rectifier circuit | |
| CN108599560B (en) | Multi-bootstrap cascade DC-DC converter with two-capacitor clamping for photovoltaic system | |
| CN1379537A (en) | Low-loss step-up method and device | |
| CN113131750B (en) | Secondary-side clamping type phase-shifted full-bridge converter | |
| CN200983560Y (en) | A combination switch and power supply device | |
| CN1144344C (en) | Step-up transformer | |
| CN108429451B (en) | Cascaded multi-bootstrap DC-DC converter for photovoltaic system | |
| CN1352483A (en) | Quasi-single-stage power converter with power factor correction | |
| CN109149953B (en) | Wide-load-range soft-switching current-doubling rectification type push-pull direct-current converter | |
| CN108448892B (en) | Quadratic form is many times presses unit DC-DC converter for photovoltaic system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20081224 Termination date: 20170828 |