CN1584972A - String music instrument with resonator with co-vibration sheet - Google Patents

Abstract

A music instrument consists of string, sound plate and resonator of resonant sheet type. It is featured as fabricating sound plate by metal material; forming resonator by sound column, resonant sheet, string sheet and steel plate spring, using one end of sound column against sound plate with another end against string sheet; connecting resonant sheet at middle and string sheet being tightened by steel plate spring.

Description

A kind of stringed musical instrument with resonance chip acoustic resonance device

Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of stringed musical instrument, particularly relates to a kind of acoustic resonance device of stringed musical instrument.

Technical background is subjected to the reason of legal restrictions owing to boa skin resource, in recent years the research that replaces the boa skin is many, according to my retrieval, related to the present invention, a nearest patent: " a kind of covering of music instrument and with the consolidation method (00116522.4) of musical instrument " should can be used as one of documents of the present invention.This patent just is with for the boa skin with metal skin simply, if contrast the bronze drum of China south Yao nationality, Zhuang, the steel drum in Africa, I think that this patent does not structurally have substantial variation.In addition, with my research, this patent certainly will run into volume deficiency, problem that tone color is not good enough.For this point is described, must relate to the ABC of some stringed musical instruments.

Stringed musical instrument comprises bowed instrument, hammered string instrument and plucked string instrument.They all are source of sound with the string.String is very desirable sounding body, when the fixing string in two ends vibrates, and originally whole string synchronous vibration, the sound that sends is called fundamental tone.After the whole string synchronous vibration, vibration wave transmits along tangential two ends, and in the end points reflection that is hampered, two row reflection waves can meet at the mid point of string.Because this two row reflection wave equal and opposite in direction, direction are opposite, so the mid point of string will transfixion, this is called standing wave phenomena on physics, and actionless point is called standing wave node.Standing wave node is called the overtone point in music.Owing to the mid point transfixion that two row reflection waves meet and make string at the mid point of string, the vibration of string at this moment just is divided into two sections to be carried out, the vibration frequency height one times, the sound that sends is called overtone.Can infer, the transmission of the vibration wave of string and reflection also can continue, and can produce more standing wave node and overtone.The vibration frequency of these overtones is doubled and redoubled, be called first overtone, second overtone, the 3rd overtone ... " general " has many meanings, the meaning of " overtone " is exactly an additional sound on the basis of fundamental tone, and these " additional sounds " can make the string sound rich and varied, magnificent interesting to listen to.

Because the string of stringed musical instrument is thinner, the energy of its vibration is very little, must amplify with acoustic resonance device.Acoustic resonance device is broadly divided into two kinds of forms: the box and covering type of sympathetic response, the former is as Zheng, violin, guitar etc., the latter such as trichord, urheen etc.The box acoustic resonance device of sympathetic response is actually a watertight aircase, and the natural vibration frequency of this watertight aircase and the natural frequency of string are close, and string vibration just the causing sympathetic response of watertight aircase is resonated in other words.Sound reflects to form echo back and forth in casing simultaneously, after string stops vibration, can also hear that casing is continuing pronunciation.This phenomenon is in the big musical instrument of resonant tank, as more obvious on violoncello, the contrabass.

This echo of the box acoustic resonance device of sympathetic response is echoed in other words conj.or perhaps, and the volume of musical instrument is increased, and makes the tone color of musical instrument become more rich and varied.This is because the human sense of hearing is merely able to two sounds of interval more than 1/20 second respectively, if echo arrived the sense of hearing in 1/20 second, will be superimposed with original pronunciation, and reach the effect that the increase volume is beautified tone color.If echo arrived the sense of hearing later at 1/20 second, will hear two sound, the echo in the mountain valley is exactly this phenomenon, is called reverberation.Reverberation should fight off in music hall, because it can make follow-up music ambiguous.The aerial velocity of propagation of sound is 340 meter per seconds, will propagate 17 meters, and so reverberation can not take place in the resonant tank of musical instrument, is widely used in 1/20 second.

In sum, we know to adopt the stringed musical instrument of the box acoustic resonance device of sympathetic response why splendid tone color and volume are arranged, and are owing to main contribution has been made in " overtone ", " resonance " and " echoing ".

The covering type sympathetic response then is to utilize the animal skins of tightening to realize.The animal skins of tightening is very responsive to vibration, and just beaing gently can be sent very big sound, can understand this phenomenon from the small drum in Xinjiang.A slight qin tube is coverd with the boa skin and also can be obtained very big sound equipment, and its whole secrets are just on that piece boa skin.Boa leatherware after tightening has extraordinary elasticity, and more more responsive than other animal skins to vibration, very little power just can it be vibrated, and very big amplitude is arranged.The boa skin is very thin, yet very tough and tensile, is very rare pronunciation material.This performance of boa skin is that the life habit of boa uniqueness brings up, boa realizes creeping by the twisting health, for hunting and escaping danger, it must twist health in fast and flexible ground, this just requires its skin must be very thin, simultaneously, long-term creeps, through tempering of jungle gravel, it is very tough and tensile that its skin becomes again, and in the natural goods known to us, I can not imagine to also have than its better vibration pronunciation material, no wonder it can unbroken more than one thousand years, and urheen is the precious legacy of Chinese culture thus.In development process of the present invention, I have had further understanding to ancients' intelligence and wisdom: covering system qin tube with the boa skin, is unusual (back also will illustrate this problem) of science really.Be subjected to the protection of law because boa has belonged to animals on the brink of extinction today, makes us must abandon using the boa skin, and this is the challenges of ancients to us, also is our historic mission.

In sum, can understand roughly that patent " a kind of covering of music instrument and with the consolidation method (00116522.4) of musical instrument " adopts metal skin to replace the boa skin simply, be difficult to obtain to surpass or the suitable acoustics of boa skin.Through such analysis, the key of problem is also clear, and Here it is: if do not adopt the covering type sympathetic response, how to produce the sympathetic response effect in slight qin tube.

The summary of the invention the technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides that a kind of rich material resources, cost are low, long service life, echo effect is arranged thereby have enough volumes and the stringed musical instrument of fine tone color.Simultaneously, when implementing the present invention existing stringed musical instrument being improved, do not change the general structure and the profile of this stringed musical instrument, doing like this is playing technique and song for the ease of inheriting this stringed musical instrument historical accumulation as far as possible.

With embodiment 1 feature of the present invention is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings below:

The present invention includes with the string is the pronunciation part and the acoustic resonance device of source of sound, it is characterized in that it is provided with soundboard, rather than the animal epithelium, and has adopted resonance chip acoustic resonance device.

Above-mentioned soundboard is a sheet metal.

Above-mentioned soundboard is tabular soundboard 101 or corrugated soundboard 201.

Above-mentioned resonance chip acoustic resonance device comprises resonance plate, sound column 102, string sheet 104, leaf spring 105.

Above-mentioned resonance plate is zigzag shape resonance plate 103 or polyline shaped resonance plate 203.

Above-mentioned resonance plate 103 or 203 is a slice or more than a slice.

Above-mentioned sound column 102 1 ends head on soundboard 101, and the other end is fixed on the string sheet 104, and the centre is connecting resonance plate 103 or 203.

Above-mentioned string sheet 104 is tightened by leaf spring 105.

Above-mentioned leaf spring 105 is fixed on the stringed musical instrument by support plate 106.

Like this, the basic structure and the operating principle of above-mentioned resonance chip acoustic resonance device can be understood like this: leaf spring 105 has been tightened string sheet 104, has in fact formed one and has drawn a bow, and string sheet 104 is equivalent to bowstring.When string drove soundboard 101 or 201 vibrations, soundboard 101 or 201 can vibrate on string sheet 104 by compressing sound column 102.Because 104 pairs of vibrations of string sheet are very responsive, very little power just can make it vibration, and this just makes soundboard 101 or 201 can drive sound column 102 vibrations very like a cork.The vibration of sound column 102 can drive resonance plate 103 or 203 again and vibrate together, and resonance plate 103 or 203 vibration feed back to soundboard 101 or 201 by sound column 102 again, produces the general effect of echo, has strengthened sympathetic response, has beautified tone color.

Description of drawings Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment 1.

Fig. 2 is the partial structurtes synoptic diagram of embodiment 2.

Fig. 3 is the front view of corrugated soundboard.

Fig. 4 is the side view of corrugated soundboard.

Fig. 5 is the front view of zigzag shape resonance plate.

Fig. 6 is the front view of polyline shaped resonance plate.

Fig. 7 is the front view of string sheet.

Fig. 8 is the front view of leaf spring.

In above-listed figure: the 101st, tabular soundboard, the 102nd, sound column, the 103rd, zigzag shape resonance plate, the 104th, string sheet, the 105th, leaf spring, the 106th, support plate, the 201st, corrugated soundboard, the 202nd, sound column, the 203rd, polyline shaped resonance plate, the 204th, string sheet, the 205th, screw, the 206th, supporting station

Embodiment will be recorded and narrated thinking and optimizing process in the invention process process below in detail for the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, though show tediously long, real is necessary.

The tone color of stringed musical instrument and volume largely depend on the material of soundboard.Many data say that all the timber of system qin must could obtain good tone color through drying for many years.Is timber " all through one, 200 year bone dry " (see " publishing house of All-China Federation of Literature and Art publishes in Dec, 2002 for first of music knowledge handbook, the Xue Liangbian) timber of making violin so difficult to dry? how take 200 years? make us being extremely puzzled.With the viewpoint of modern materials science, feel relieved just now.Be not only drying in fact, and more be to utilize time effect to eliminate the internal stress of timber.Timber is made up of vegetable cell, and cell is by molecular composition.Between cell and cell, adhesion is all arranged between molecule and the molecule, these power are disorderly and unsystematic, complicated.From macroscopic view, these power combined actions are cancelled each other and are averaged out, if but to be heated, to catch a cold, to dry out or be subjected to the influence of factors such as external force, this balance is just destroyed, and at this moment macroscopic view just can be seen the performance of this internal stress.This internal stress is very powerful, and we often see that timber deforms, ftractures in dry run, also is familiar with very much the phenomenon that explosion takes place in the process of burning timber, all is the macro manifestations of this internal stress.

We know by Newtonian mechanics, as long as strong effect, object just has corresponding displacement.The mechanics of materials is reasoned out thus, as long as strong effect just has corresponding distortion, the mechanics of materials is called " stress " and " strain " with this " power " and " distortion ".Stress and strain is complementary a pair of contradiction, has stress that strain must be arranged, otherwise, there is strain also stress must be arranged.So eliminate stress, also can set about from eliminating strain.Be deep into the molecule aspect of material, strain is exactly that the molecule of material has left original equilibrium position, if make material molecule get back to original equilibrium position, stress has also just been eliminated.

Soundboard vibration pronunciation is that the external force of string vibration makes the soundboard distortion, and the result that the elasticity of material makes it to recover.At this moment the molecule of soundboard is made double vibrations under the effect of the restoring force of external force and material, if there is not the interference of internal stress, this vibration is merely and smoothly, the sound that sends is just pure, if the interference of internal stress is arranged, this vibration has some setbacks with regard to becoming complicated, just has noise to produce.Have only the internal stress of farthest eliminating material, could obtain pure tone color.So, how could eliminate the internal stress of material?

The self-diffusion campaign of molecule can make molecule get back to original equilibrium position, but the diffusion motion of the molecule under the state of nature carries out very slowly, must just be achieved through the accumulation in many years.Heating can promote the diffusion motion of molecule, shortens the cycle of material eliminates stress widely.Modern far-infrared rays drying technology can be good with treating of wood in a couple of days.Vibration also can promote the diffusion motion of molecule, and musical instrument in use tone color can be become better and better, and is exactly this reason.The seven-stringed plucked instrument in some ways similar to the zither of going through hundreds of years even more than one thousand years has unusual beautiful tone color, wherein also not without this reason.

In sum, can draw a conclusion: the internal stress of soundboard material plays great effect to the tone color of musical instrument.This conclusion can instruct enforcement of the present invention.

The present invention is soundboard with the sheet metal, also has the problem of internal stress.Metallography is told us, and metal material is made up of structure cell, and structure cell is made up of metallic atom.Atom is neat and orderly in structure cell, is referred to as space lattice in the metallography.Adhesion between metallic atom is called metallic bond.In case space lattice distorts, the metallic bond that has can elongate, and the metallic bond that has can shorten, and has just produced internal stress.Simultaneously, on the crystal boundary between structure cell and the structure cell,, also there is internal stress because atomic arrangement is unordered.These two kinds of internal stresss all can produce noise.Eliminate internal stress and can realize that steel generally can select 500-650 ℃ annealing process to eliminate internal stress with Technology for Heating Processing.

For this problem is described, let us is had a look at the manufacturing of percussion instrument bronze gong.Bronze gong is placed on brass sheet that cold forging comes out on the anvil, the copper coin distortion of extending in the process of forging, and structure cell distortion at this moment even broken, space lattice also distorts, and forms great internal stress.Exactly because this internal stress is arranged, bronze gong just has its special acoustics.During performance, under the combined action of hitting power and internal stress, bronze gong can send shocking sound.If after bronze gong put into stove fire and be heated to certain temperature, just find when knocking again that its becomes " to have made mute ", again can not send out so intense sound.Bronze gong is to utilize the internal stress of material to obtain the acoustic of it, and this sound equipment belongs to noise in essence.

Soundboard of the present invention and bronze gong are on the contrary, are not to utilize internal stress, but will eliminate internal stress as far as possible, so that obtain pure musical sound.

I handle the steel disc soundboard with different Technology for Heating Processing, cause internal stresss different on the soundboard, can make soundboard obtain different tone colors, have proved that also internal stress plays great effect to the tone color of soundboard.

The soundboard that the present invention adopts is through stress relief annealing thermal treatment, and its specific practice is that the soundboard material is heated to 600 ℃, places the can that fills gesso to slowly cool to room temperature then.

The vibration pronunciation of soundboard will obtain big volume, and enough pronunciation areas must be arranged, and simultaneously enough amplitudes must be arranged.If the present invention is implemented on the urheen, the area of soundboard is about 60cm so ², be 1/6 of violin only, this means has bigger requirement to amplitude.We can study the vibration pronunciation of soundboard among the present invention.Suppose to have on soundboard a particle m, m has left the distance of equilibrium position x when vibration, and at this moment the restoring force f of material can make it do return motion.

According to elasticity theorem: f=-kx (k is an elasticity coefficient)

According to newton's theorem:

$f=m\frac{d^{2}x}{d^{2}t}$

So have:

$-\mathrm{kx}=m\frac{d^{2}x}{d^{2}t}$

Or:

$\frac{d^{2}x}{d^{2}t}+\frac{k}{m}x=0$

This formula is the amplitude equation of m.

From the amplitude of m and time curve as can be seen

If only get 1/4 cycle studies from the vibration mid point to peak swing, can think approx that m is making even deceleration rectilinear motion, at this moment:

$\frac{d^{2}x}{d^{2}t}=\frac{x}{t^2}$

So the amplitude equation of m can be separated:

$x=\frac{k}{m}{t}^2$

When getting t=T/4, x has maximal value.T=1/v (v is a vibration frequency) is so t again ²=1/16v ², finally draw the peak swing formula:

X in the formula _MaximumBe peak swing, k is the elasticity coefficient of material, and m is the vibrating mass quality, and v is a vibration frequency.This formula can be used as and instructs foundation of the invention process.From this formula as can be seen: peak swing is directly proportional with the elasticity coefficient of material, is inversely proportional to the vibrating mass quality, with square being inversely proportional to of vibration frequency.If non-quantitative is only said qualitatively: the good more volume of the elasticity of material is big more; Vibrating mass schwa amount more is big more; Give great volume when sending out bass, volume is little when sending out high pitch.

Now, according to the peak swing formula, just can explain that the boa skin covers the qin tube of making so big volume has how been arranged: because the boa skin is thin, its quality is just little; Because the boa skin is tough and tensile, and fabulous elasticity is arranged after tightening, and can obtain great amplitude during vibration.

So under the guidance of peak swing formula, we are with the first-selection of spring steel as the soundboard material,, and be 60Si according to the selected type of steels of national standard " spring steel (GB/T1222-1984) " because it has best elasticity in metal ₂Mn, select the dimensions of steel again according to metallurgical industry ministerial standard " spring steel, tool steel cold-rolled strip (YB/T5058-93) ", the minimum thickness that this standard is listed is 0.10mm, we are just from 0.10mm, select 0.10mm, 0.20mm, three kinds of thickness of 0.30mm successively, the steel band of general precision grade is tested.

Because conditions such as rolled steel dosage, test funds are limit, we can not go to order goods to steel mill, have to seek substitute, finally find a kind of waste and old band saw blade in a tame sawmill, can be confirmed to be spring steel, and the trade mark of steel is bad to be determined, and thickness is 1mm.We just test with it in decision, and as for thickness, then the method with grinding reaches.Know that obviously rolled steel is different with the steel performance that is ground to size, particularly its group of fibers is woven with very big difference, but have to test earlier at present, and then assesses.Because adopt such test method cost not high, we have just enlarged trial stretch, done the test of 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, six kinds of thickness of 0.6mm.Test findings is as the peak swing formula is pointed out, and the soundboard of 0.1mm thickness has maximum volume, but at this moment the rigidity of steel disc has seemed not enough, and tone color has been produced negative effect.So can assert, be ground to the soundboard of size, ideal with the thickness about 0.2mm.Consider that cold-rolled strip has higher intensity and stiffness, can inference, the most rational thickness of cold-rolled strip soundboard should be below 0.2mm.

Soundboard can be made tabular soundboard 101, also can make corrugated soundboard 201, because corrugated soundboard 201 has bigger pronunciation area, should better effects if, and experimental results show that but we are of no use.

Zigzag shape resonance plate 103 is in order to realize the specially designed part of effect that echoes, it is easy to vibration, its vibration natural frequency can be regulated by the width and the thickness of helix, and its natural frequency and vibrations of strings frequency are close, so that the response vibrations of strings forms sympathetic response.If adopt the multi-disc resonance plate, the width and the thickness of the helix of each sheet are had nothing in common with each other, so that wideer response frequency is arranged.Zigzag shape resonance plate 103 can be processed into by sheet metal, also can be by the tinsel coiling.For shape and the function that zigzag shape resonance plate 103 is described perceptually, you can imagine that it is that dish spring that pronounces in the sort of old-fashioned striking clock, and during every strike, spring is just pounded out loud and clear and melodious sound.

Sound column 102 is maincenters of resonance chip acoustic resonance device, and its end heads on soundboard 101, and the other end is fixed on the string sheet 104, and the centre is connecting zigzag shape resonance plate 103, makes their vibration be able to mutual transmission.

The effect of string sheet 104 mainly is that sound column 102 can be vibrated very like a cork, and accepts a part of pressure of string to soundboard 101.Through measuring, two strings more than 3 kilograms, can make soundboard 101 produce bigger distortion to the pressure of soundboard 101, are unfavorable for the vibration pronunciation.String sheet 104 can be shared the string pressure of soundboard 101, makes the vibration of soundboard 101 freer.

The effect of leaf spring 105 is to tighten string sheet 104.It is implemented like this: at the two ends of string sheet 104 hole is arranged respectively, the termination that a pointed shape is respectively arranged at the two ends of leaf spring 105, apply external force earlier and make leaf spring 105 bendings, the borehole jack at string sheet 104 two ends is advanced on the termination of leaf spring 105 two ends pointed shape, release external force, string sheet 104 just has been tauted.

In embodiment 2, do not adopt leaf spring, but string sheet 204 usefulness screws 205 directly are tightened on the supporting station 206.

The present invention compares the advantage that has with urheen:

1. the material of the present invention's employing is big industrial production, aboundresources, and cost is low, meets Green design thought

2. tonequality of the present invention is good than urheen

Although the boa skin is good vibratory sound material, also produces easily noise. On the boa skin scale is arranged, the scale size is not One, groove is arranged again between scale and the scale, this has just caused became uneven, and the boa skin stretches tight and also is not easy to accomplish on the qin tube Tensile force is very even, and these situations all can produce internal stress and cause noise. There is not enough rigidity owing to the boa skin simultaneously, Above being pressed in, bridge just caves in. In drawing the process of playing, string changes the pressure of bridge: pulling the bow strengthens pressure; Pulling the bow reduces pressure, stops pressure is strengthened; Then pressure is little for empty string, and the high position pressure of stopping is big; The low position pressure of stopping Little. Because when playing, each bow can only draw a string, the pressure comparison of two strings also is among the variation, and this just makes bridge The time and cave in deeply here by the thicker inner string on the huqin, the time and outer string caves in deeply over there, can not balanced vibrate. Urheen pronunciation that Here it is is not Holding manageable reason, also is the reason (" wolf sound " is the distinctive a kind of noise of urheen) two that urheen sends what is called " wolf sound " Noise is recklessly puzzled one's brains the player, and the manufacturer of urheen is puzzled one's brains. Someone test out below bridge string with Sponge of plug can absorb noise between the boa skin, and this originally is interim measures, what is interesting is, a present fritter sponge unexpectedly The indispensable accessory that has so become urheen to sell fully reflects the helpless of urheen manufacturer.

The soundboard that the present invention adopts has certain rigidity, and the support of sound column is arranged again, can not cave in down material above bridge is pressed in Pass through again stress relief annealing, the noise that does not produce because of internal stress more can not send " wolf sound ".

3. the present invention has obvious echo effect

Draw and play urheen, bow one stops, and sound has not just had, and this is because the finger of stopping or bow hair have been prevented shaking of string After moving, drive boa skin vibratory sound with regard to the power that does not have other. The present invention is then different, after the vibration of string stops, and resonance plate Also in vibration, can drive soundboard and continue vibratory sound, produce echo effect.

4. the present invention can improve learner's interest

Because urheen tonequality is not good enough, be not easy again the control pronunciation, often interest is dull in the face of the sound of " killing chicken " for the beginner. Tonequality of the present invention is better, and echo effect is arranged, and than being easier to control, so just can improve learner's interest again, is conducive to Popularizing and development of national musical instruments.

5. the present invention is not subjected to the impact of weather, and is not fragile, can produce the treasure for permanent collection

The boa skin is subjected to weather effect easily, wet weather, and the deliquescing of boa skin, tensile force diminishes, just can not normal articulation; The weather mistake In drying, the hardening of boa skin, it is big that tensile force becomes, and can make again boa skin cracking. The boa skin keeping of urheen is bad also can be damaged by worms. The boa skin belongs to protein material after all, even do not have an accident damage, service life is also limited.

If the metal parts that the present invention adopts prevents corrosion with gold-plated, silver-plated method, the collection of elaboration is become can Energy.

6. the present invention has opened the door of large-scale industrial production, brings low cost

The difficult quality control of boa skin is opened the boa skin and is had nothing in common with each other, and same boa skin is also different everywhere, is difficult to break away from the production of handicraft workshop formula.The present invention adopts the industrial materials manufacturing, and quality is controlled, just can produce with the mode of big industry, and the benefit that big commercial production is brought is exactly high-level efficiency, low cost.

Claims (10)

1. a stringed musical instrument comprises with the string being the pronunciation part and the acoustic resonance device of source of sound, it is characterized in that it is provided with soundboard, and has adopted resonance chip acoustic resonance device.

2. string music song according to claim 1 is characterized in that: above-mentioned soundboard is a sheet metal.

3. stringed musical instrument according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: above-mentioned soundboard is the strong soundboard of tabular soundboard or ripple.

4. string music song according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that; Above-mentioned resonance chip acoustic resonance device comprises resonance plate, sound column, string sheet, leaf spring.

5. string music song according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: above-mentioned resonance chip acoustic resonance device comprises resonance plate, sound column, string sheet.

6. according to claim 4 or 5 described stringed musical instruments, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned sound column one end heads on soundboard, and the other end is fixed on the string sheet, and the centre is connecting resonance plate.

7. string music song according to claim 4 is characterized in that: above-mentioned string sheet is tightened by leaf spring.

8. string music song according to claim 5 is characterized in that: above-mentioned string sheet is tightened on the supporting station with screw.

9. according to claim 4 or 5 described string music songs, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned resonance plate is zigzag shape resonance plate or polyline shaped resonance plate.

10. according to claim 4 or 5 described stringed musical instruments, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned resonance plate is a slice or more than a slice.

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