CN1578645A - 骨头固定装置 - Google Patents

骨头固定装置 Download PDF

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CN1578645A
CN1578645A CNA028214366A CN02821436A CN1578645A CN 1578645 A CN1578645 A CN 1578645A CN A028214366 A CNA028214366 A CN A028214366A CN 02821436 A CN02821436 A CN 02821436A CN 1578645 A CN1578645 A CN 1578645A
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田昌勋
H·S·安
具滋教
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U & I Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A61B17/7037Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other wherein pivoting is blocked when the rod is clamped
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7032Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass

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Abstract

本发明公开一种骨头固定装置。该装置包括:一个带有一头部的骨螺钉;一个设置在骨螺钉的头部上部的帽件;一个具有一个孔和一个U形槽的容纳元件,其中,帽件和骨螺钉的头部分别容纳和保持在所述孔中,一支承杆穿过所述U形槽而延伸;和一螺纹连接在容纳元件中以向下偏压支承杆的压缩元件。多个阶形部形成在所述容纳元件的下端和内表面上以便与头部的下部外表面线接触,以增大骨螺钉头部的支承力。

Description

骨头固定装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在骨头例如脊骨等被矫正到正常状态后用于固定和稳定该骨头的骨头固定装置。
背景技术
在本技术领域中,已公开了多种骨头固定装置,例如韩国待审专利公开No.2000-48562和美国专利No.6280442中所说明的这种装置。
如图1所示,韩国待审专利公开No.2000-48562所说明的骨头固定装置包括骨螺钉10、收缩夹套14、容纳元件18和定位螺纹件20。骨螺钉10具有球形头部12。收缩夹套14用于支承骨螺钉10的头部12。容纳元件18具有中心孔,该中心孔限定形成一个容纳收缩夹套14的锥形凹部16和一个与凹部16连通的U形槽,其中,支承杆R穿过该U形槽。定位螺纹件20与容纳元件18螺纹连接以向下偏压支承杆R。
骨螺钉10的头部12带有工具可在其中接合的工具接合槽22。该工具接合槽22位于头部12的平坦的上端表面24上,其中,上端表面24通过截平头部12而形成。容纳元件18的形成U形槽的部分设有内螺纹26,以使得定位螺纹件20可以与内螺纹26螺纹连接。收缩夹套14的下表面具有成形凹陷部28,头部12可部分地容纳于其中。在该成形凹陷部28中,收缩夹套14的下部具有多个槽,以便将所需的压力作用于骨螺钉10的头部12。
如果拧紧定位螺纹件20,支承杆R就对收缩夹套14进行挤压,且收缩夹套14被压在容纳元件18的锥形凹部16内,从而将骨螺钉10固定保持在一竖直或倾斜位置上。
同时,如图2所示,在专利US6280442中所说明的骨头固定装置中,在骨螺钉30的头部32上设有一系列的凸棱34,挡圈38安装在容纳元件36的下端附近,以便可由该挡圈38夹持住头部32。帽件40设置在头部32的上部上。在帽件40的上方,支承杆R穿过形成于容纳元件36中的U形槽而插入,并通过压缩元件42向下偏压。
在容纳元件36中,帽件40插入其中的下部的内径大于压缩元件42在其中螺纹连接的上部的内径。因此,即使在旋松压缩元件42和拆去支承杆R的情况下,也可防止帽件40向上脱离。在装配该骨头固定装置时,在帽件40和骨螺钉30的头部32先后穿过容纳元件36的下端而插入之后,将挡圈38围绕骨螺钉30进行布置并沿骨螺钉30向上移动,然后安装在形成于容纳元件36下端附近的内环槽中。
容纳元件36的内螺纹可制成使帽件40也与该内螺纹螺纹连接,以避免该帽件脱离容纳元件36。
但是,在韩国待审专利公开No.2000-48562所说明的前一种骨头固定装置中,支承在锥形凹部16中的头部12会由于支承力不够而受到外部因素的影响而发生移动。因此,头部12并不能可靠地保持在其初始支承状态。
在专利US6280442所说明的后一种骨头固定装置中,虽然在一定程度上解决了韩国待审专利公开No.2000-48562中所存在的问题,但仍存在难于将挡圈38安装就位且骨螺钉的支承力仍不足这样的缺点。
当通过与容纳元件螺纹连接的帽件支承骨螺钉的头部时,不易于将帽件旋拧到容纳元件的下端附近。另外,由于压缩元件的偏压力不能传递到头部,因此,使可装配性下降且骨螺钉的支承力降低。
发明内容
本发明提供一种骨头固定装置,其提高骨螺钉的支承力,从而避免骨头发生移动,同时易于进行装配。
根据本发明的一个实施例,提供一种骨头固定装置,其包括:一个带有一头部的骨螺钉;一个设置在骨螺钉的头部上部的帽件;一个具有一个孔和一个U形槽的容纳元件,其中帽件和骨螺钉的头部分别容纳和保持在所述孔中,一支承杆穿过所述U形槽而延伸;和一螺纹连接在容纳元件中以向下偏压支承杆的压缩元件;其中,多个阶形部形成在容纳元件的下端和内表面上,以便与头部的下部外表面线接触,以增大骨螺钉头部的支承力。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,在帽件的下表面上设有一具有一定深度的凹部,且在该凹部的下端,帽件与头部的上部外表面线接触。
根据本发明的又一个实施例,孔中设有多个阶形部、一个位于阶形部上方用于容纳帽件的容纳腔和帽件在其上螺旋移动且压缩元件与其螺纹连接的内螺纹,容纳腔的内径大于内螺纹的内径。
根据本发明的再一个实施例,内螺纹上部的螺纹高度大于内螺纹下部的螺纹高度,因此,帽件可在内螺纹的上部和下部上螺旋移动,而压缩元件只可在内螺纹的上部上螺旋移动而不能在内螺纹的下部上螺旋移动。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,内螺纹包括梯形螺纹,从而可防止容纳元件发生变形,且内螺纹在力传递、锁定效率和防止旋松方面具有最优的性能。
根据本发明的另外一个实施例,梯形螺纹形成为其上表面的斜度大于其下表面的斜度,因此,可容易地装配帽件和压缩元件,并同时防止帽件被意外地旋松。
根据本发明的再一个实施例,梯形螺纹的上表面和下表面的斜度分别是10°和1°。
附图说明
本发明的上述目的和其它的特点及优点可通过下面结合附图对本发明所进行的详细描述而清楚地得出,其中:
图1是一种普通骨头固定装置的横截面图;
图2是另一种普通骨头固定装置的横截面图;
图3是本发明一实施例的骨头固定装置的横截面图;
图4是本发明骨头固定装置的分解透视图;
图5是图3中的容纳元件的横截面图;
图6是图3中的帽件的横截面图;
图7是本发明骨头固定装置的使用状态的透视图;
图8是反映本发明骨头固定装置和普通骨头固定装置的测试结果的曲线图;和
图9是用于说明每种骨头固定装置的测试状态的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将对其一示例在附图中示出的本发明的一优选实施例进行较详细的描述。其中,相同的参考标号在所有附图和说明书中表示相同或类似的部件。
如图3和4所示,根据本发明一实施例的骨头固定装置包括一骨螺钉50,该骨螺钉50具有外螺纹52和一头部54。骨螺钉50的头部54的上部由帽件56支承。该骨头固定装置还包括一容纳元件58,头部54、帽件56和支承杆R容纳并固定保持在该容纳元件中。用于固定支承杆R的压缩元件60螺纹连接在容纳元件58的上部。
骨螺钉50的外螺纹52拧入到骨头中。外螺纹52的下端是尖的以易于拧入到骨头中。尽管外螺纹52的齿根直径朝下端逐渐减小,但外螺纹52的齿顶直径保持不变。如果骨螺钉的外螺纹在骨螺钉的整个长度范围内具有相同的外径和相同的螺纹高度,由于外力反复作用等因素的影响使固定力逐渐减小,从而产生骨螺钉容易摇动的问题。为了解决上述问题,虽然在现有技术中公开有外径朝骨螺钉的下端逐渐减小的结构,但这种结构仍然存在着骨螺钉由于强度降低而容易被折断的缺陷。针对该问题和缺陷,在本发明中,外螺纹的齿根直径朝骨螺钉的下端逐渐减小,且外螺纹具有相同的齿顶直径。因此,不仅可使外螺纹相对于骨头可靠地固定,而且还可避免骨螺钉的强度降低。
骨螺钉50的头部54具有截头球形结构。头部54的平坦的上端表面设有一具有一定深度的六边形槽62,以便于类似扳手等的工具可插入到该六边形槽62中将骨螺钉50拧入到骨头中。应当注意的是,该头部可具有各种截面形状的槽。
如图6所示,帽件56呈盘形,并且其外周向表面设有螺纹64。孔66穿过帽件56的中心部分以与六边形槽62连通。在帽件56的下表面设有一具有一定深度的凹部68。该凹部68具有圆形表面,该圆形表面的曲率半径小于头部54的曲率半径。在凹部68的下端P3,帽件56与头部54的上部的外表面线接触。应当注意的是,凹部68可具有截锥形轮廓。螺纹64包括与限定一孔的容纳元件58的内表面上的内螺纹相一致的梯形螺纹。
如图5所示,容纳元件58具有沿轴向延伸的孔70,帽件56和骨螺钉50的头部54分别容纳并固定保持在该孔70中。容纳元件58还具有U形槽72,支承杆R穿过该U形槽。
在容纳元件58的下端和内表面设有两个阶形部74,以增大头部54的支承力。阶形部74的边缘P1和P2与头部54的下部外表面线接触。容易理解,可形成三个或四个阶形部74来代替这两个阶形部74。上阶形部74的上边缘P2的内径大于下阶形部74的下边缘的内径,其中,阶形部74的边缘P1和P2可以与球形头部54的下部外表面线接触。
孔70中设有阶形部74、位于阶形部74上方用于容纳帽件56的容纳腔76,以及内螺纹78,其中,帽件56在内螺纹78上螺旋移动,且压缩元件60与内螺纹78螺纹连接。
容纳腔76的内径大于内螺纹78的内径。因此,可防止在内螺纹78上运动后插入到容纳腔76中的帽件56从容纳元件58中意外地向上脱离。
内螺纹78的上部的螺纹高度H1大于内螺纹78的下部的螺纹高度H2,因此,帽件56可在内螺纹78的上部和下部上螺旋移动,但压缩元件60只能在内螺纹78的上部上螺旋移动而不能在内螺纹78的下部上螺旋移动。内螺纹78的上部和下部具有相同的螺距。因此,压缩元件60仅被拧入到向下偏压支承杆R的深度。对此,由于即使在支承杆R不穿过U形槽72而插入时,压缩元件60也可定位在适当的位置上,因此,在较短的时间内就可容易地装配骨头固定装置。
内螺纹78包括梯形螺纹,因此,可防止容纳元件58发生变形,且内螺纹78在力传递、锁定效率和旋松可能性方面都具有最优性能。对此,在三角螺纹的情况下,在拧入压缩元件60时,虽然可获得很好的锁定力,但轴向力传递效率降低。而且,由于在锁定压缩元件60之后容纳元件58在径向变宽,因此,其缺点是必须将一个单独的帽件连接到该容纳元件58上。另外,方螺纹的缺点是,虽然可获得很好的轴向力传递效率,但增大了旋松的可能性。在本发明中,由于采用梯形螺纹,因此可在力传递以及锁定效率方面获得最优的结果,且不必将一个单独的帽件连接到该容纳元件上。
优选地,梯形螺纹上表面的斜度F1大于其下表面的斜度F2。因此,可容易地装配帽件56和压缩元件60,同时可避免帽件56被意外地旋松。具体地说,梯形螺纹的上表面和下表面的斜度F1和F2分别为10°和1 °。由于上表面斜度大于下表面斜度,因此,可容易地向下拧入帽件56和压缩元件60。而且,即使在向上施加力时,也可将变形减小到最小。另外,由于内螺纹78和压缩元件60之间的接合最大化,因此,提高了精度且可避免压缩元件60被意外地旋松。
压缩元件60呈圆筒形,在其外周向表面上设有螺纹80。螺纹80与容纳元件58的内螺纹78螺纹连接。在压缩元件60的中心部分设有相互连通的六边形槽82和孔84。
下面将对具有上述结构的本发明的骨头固定装置的装配过程进行描述。
首先,在骨螺钉50位于容纳元件58上方的状态下,将骨螺钉50向下插入到容纳元件58的孔70中,并使头部54坐靠在多个阶形部74上。然后,使帽件56通过内螺纹78向下运动并定位在容纳腔76中。此时,为避免位于容纳腔76中的帽件56从容纳元件58中意外地向上脱离,可以进行冲压以便在帽件56的上表面上留下凹痕。
其次,在将扳手穿过帽件56的孔66插入到头部54的六边形槽62中之后,将骨螺钉50拧入到骨头中。随后,将支承杆R穿过U形槽72而插入并定位于帽件56的上方,且将压缩元件60拧入到容纳元件58中,从而固定骨螺钉50。
压缩元件60的锁定力通过支承杆R和帽件56传递到头部54。此时,由于容纳元件58的阶形部74的边缘P1和P2与头部54的下部外表面线接触,而且,在凹部68的下端P3处,帽件56与头部54的上部外表面线接触。因此,骨螺钉50就被可靠地固定而不能移动。
如图7所示,可将骨螺钉50固定成以26°以内的角度范围相对中心轴线倾斜的状态。
图8是通过测试本发明骨头固定装置和普通骨头固定装置的骨螺钉支承力而获得的曲线图。在每次测试中,以14Nm的锁定扭矩将压缩元件拧入到容纳元件中,并在头部承受静载荷而产生屈服时,测量其位移量。
采用型号为MTS793的万能抗压试验机作为测试设备,并根据ASTMF1717来进行每次测试。
图9是用于说明每种骨头固定装置的测试状态的示意图。如图9所示,将骨螺钉50相距76mm拧入到上方目标物M和下方目标物M中。然后,穿过骨螺钉50的容纳元件58插入支承杆R,并将压缩元件(未示出)拧入到容纳元件58中。然后,通过在距离每个骨螺钉头部40mm的位置处对每个骨螺钉施加载荷F,观测相应目标物的变形而得到图8所示的曲线图。
在曲线图中,曲线A表示本发明的骨头固定装置,曲线B表示专利US6280442的普通骨头固定装置,而曲线C表示韩国待审专利公开No.2000-48562的普通骨头固定装置。
从曲线图中可很容易地看出,本发明的骨头固定装置具有550N的屈服点,普通骨头固定装置则分别具有450和300N的屈服点。因此,容易理解,本发明的骨头固定装置提供了增大的支承力。
从上述描述中可清楚地看出,本发明骨头固定装置的优点是增大了骨螺钉的支承力,从而可防止骨头发生移动且改善了骨头固定装置的可装配性。另外,在本发明的骨头固定装置中,提高了力传递效率,且避免了压缩元件被意外地旋松。
在附图和说明书中,公开了本发明的典型的优选实施例,并且,虽然使用了特定的术语,但它们都是通用的且只是描述性的,而不是限定性的,本发明的保护范围由权利要求书进行限定。

Claims (7)

1、一种骨头固定装置,其包括:
一个带有一头部的骨螺钉;
一个设置在所述骨螺钉的头部上部的帽件;
一个具有一个孔和一个U形槽的容纳元件,其中,所述帽件和所述骨螺钉的头部分别容纳和保持在所述孔中,一支承杆穿过所述U形槽而延伸;和
一个螺纹连接在所述容纳元件中以向下偏压所述支承杆的压缩元件;
其中,多个阶形部形成在所述容纳元件的下端和内表面上,以便与所述头部的下部外表面线接触,以增大所述骨螺钉头部的支承力。
2、根据权利要求1所述的骨头固定装置,其特征在于,在所述帽件的下表面上设有一具有一定深度的凹部,且在所述凹部的下端,所述帽件与所述头部的上部外表面线接触。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的骨头固定装置,其特征在于,所述孔中设有多个阶形部;一个位于所述阶形部上方用于容纳所述帽件的容纳腔;和所述帽件在其上螺旋移动且所述压缩元件与其螺纹连接的内螺纹,所述容纳腔的内径大于内螺纹的内径。
4、根据权利要求3所述的骨头固定装置,其特征在于,所述内螺纹上部的螺纹高度大于所述内螺纹下部的螺纹高度,因此,所述帽件可在该内螺纹的上部和下部上螺旋移动,而所述压缩元件只可在该内螺纹的上部上螺旋移动而不能在该内螺纹的下部上螺旋移动。
5、根据权利要求4所述的骨头固定装置,其特征在于,所述内螺纹包括梯形螺纹,从而可防止所述容纳元件发生变形,且所述内螺纹在力传递、锁定效率和防止旋松方面具有最优的性能。
6、根据权利要求5所述的骨头固定装置,其特征在于,所述梯形螺纹形成为其上表面的斜度大于其下表面的斜度,因此,可容易地装配所述帽件和所述压缩元件,并同时可防止所述帽件被意外地旋松。
7、根据权利要求6所述的骨头固定装置,其特征在于,所述梯形螺纹的上表面和下表面的斜度分别是10°和1°。
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CN102164551A (zh) * 2008-07-24 2011-08-24 英格纽姆股份公司 具有两部分式垫圈的锁定机构
CN102573681A (zh) * 2009-10-30 2012-07-11 华沙整形外科股份有限公司 具有可调节鞍状件的骨接合植入物
CN102309362A (zh) * 2010-07-09 2012-01-11 顾俊 一种医用万向锁定装置及其使用方法
CN103040515A (zh) * 2012-12-27 2013-04-17 苏州欣荣博尔特医疗器械有限公司 脊柱多轴螺钉
CN105361937A (zh) * 2014-08-11 2016-03-02 比德尔曼技术有限责任两合公司 多轴骨锚定设备
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US11576708B2 (en) 2014-08-11 2023-02-14 Biedermann Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Polyaxial bone anchoring device
CN113303897A (zh) * 2021-05-20 2021-08-27 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院 一种装配式皮质骨螺钉

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EP1439788B1 (en) 2008-06-25
EP1439788A4 (en) 2007-06-13
JP2005507282A (ja) 2005-03-17
KR100379194B1 (en) 2003-04-08
ATE398971T1 (de) 2008-07-15
ES2314038T3 (es) 2009-03-16
CN100400006C (zh) 2008-07-09
WO2003037199A1 (en) 2003-05-08
US20030158552A1 (en) 2003-08-21
US6905500B2 (en) 2005-06-14
EP1439788A1 (en) 2004-07-28

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