CN1568236A - Method and mould shooter for producing mould parts, such as casting cores, for casting moulds used to cast metal melt - Google Patents

Method and mould shooter for producing mould parts, such as casting cores, for casting moulds used to cast metal melt Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1568236A
CN1568236A CNA028200519A CN02820051A CN1568236A CN 1568236 A CN1568236 A CN 1568236A CN A028200519 A CNA028200519 A CN A028200519A CN 02820051 A CN02820051 A CN 02820051A CN 1568236 A CN1568236 A CN 1568236A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
mould
injection
injection element
molding material
molding machine
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Granted
Application number
CNA028200519A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1292857C (en
Inventor
伯恩哈德·施陶德尔
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Hydro Aluminium Mandl and Berger GmbH
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Hydro Aluminium Mandl and Berger GmbH
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Publication of CN1568236A publication Critical patent/CN1568236A/en
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Publication of CN1292857C publication Critical patent/CN1292857C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C15/00Moulding machines characterised by the compacting mechanism; Accessories therefor
    • B22C15/23Compacting by gas pressure or vacuum
    • B22C15/24Compacting by gas pressure or vacuum involving blowing devices in which the mould material is supplied in the form of loose particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C19/00Components or accessories for moulding machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C15/00Moulding machines characterised by the compacting mechanism; Accessories therefor
    • B22C15/23Compacting by gas pressure or vacuum
    • B22C15/24Compacting by gas pressure or vacuum involving blowing devices in which the mould material is supplied in the form of loose particles
    • B22C15/245Blowing tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C23/00Tools; Devices not mentioned before for moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/12Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/12Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
    • B22C9/123Gas-hardening

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of mould parts, in particular of casting cores, for casting moulds for the casting of molten metal heats, wherein, in a shoot-moulding machine (1), with the aid of filling elements, such as shooting nozzles (8) and a shooting hood (6), material mould (F) containing an inorganic binding agent is filled into a cavity (12) of a mould tool (10) which determines the shape of the mould part (K) which is to be manufactured, wherein, heat is supplied to the mould material (F) filled into the mould tool (10), over a hardening period, in order for the mould material (F) to solidify due to the extraction of moisture, and wherein, during the hardening period, at least the filling elements (6,8) of the shoot-moulding machine (1), which contains mould material (F), and which are in a stand-by position during this hardening period, and are heated concomitantly by the radiant heat emitted by the mould tool (10), are kept at a moisture content level which prevents the solidifying of the mould material (F). In this way, mould parts for casting moulds can be manufactured reliably and with reduced defect incidence from a mould material containing an inorganic binding agent.

Description

Be used to make the mold that profiled member such as casting metal melts use casting core method with penetrate the sand molding machine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and a kind of sand molding machine of penetrating that is used to make the casting core of the mold that profiled member such as casting metal melts use.
Background technology
In traditional manufacturing of the casting core of determining for casting light metal melt, a kind of common molding material with synthetic resin-bound is injected in the cavity of net shape of casting core profiled member definite to be produced of mould.Wherein in order to inject cavity equably, mould has the injection orifice of sufficient amount, injects molding material by these holes.In order to fill in mould, each one " injection nozzle " inserts in each of these injection orifices, borrows its injection molding material then.Each injection nozzle is general common to be carried by one adjustable for height " injection top board ", and the latter guarantees core case turnover injection position.
In known devices, realize the feed of injection nozzle usually via a what is called " injection shield ", this injection shield covers the injection top board and injects molding material in the one side away from mould of injection top board.
In order to inject molding sand, the molding material that is contained in the injection shield rapidly is subjected to a kind of gas equably, is generally the pressure of air by an injection cylinder, thereby it is driven in the mould by injection nozzle.In order to make profiled member to be made form required final strength, have such possibility on the one hand, promptly, in molding material, cause the chemical reaction of catalysis by adding proper additive.In this so-called " cooler bin method ", because chemical reaction obtains the profiled member of a sclerosis.But it no longer can be led in the circulation of the material that is back to the profiled member manufacturing.
Perhaps, when adopting the adhesive that is fit to, can harden by heating starting.In order to implement this what is called " hot case method ", the sand molding machine of penetrating of known manufacturing core is equipped with heater in order to heating mould.Realize the sclerosis of profiled member in this case by the heating in mould.
Because the employing of organic bond can cause the burden of workplace and environment, people make every effort to replace being used to so far make the molding material that comprises organic bond that casting core adopts with such molding material, it is by inorganic bond, for example adhesives of waterglass base.A kind of method, it can make the molding material of such composition be used for the manufacturing of core members, and it is known testing chamber 0 917499 B1 by EP.
According to this known method, at first mixing of adhesive make a molding material by an inorganic fire-resistant molding sand and an inorganic waterglass base.Then with in this molding material implantation temperature mould controlled, that in injection process, be subjected to suction function.Wherein be adjusted to make and on core members, form a shell dimensionally stable and that bearing capacity is arranged in later temperature/time of staying of closing molding with molding material.If core members has reached this state, then open mould and take out core members.It is dry completely that core members is obtained under the effect of microwave.Eliminate moisture with physical method from the molding material that constitutes owing to the mixture that injects mould thus.As a result, even still also can reach the sclerosis of core members by such dehydration in mould, this makes it can handle in the procedure of processing that continues at least.
Implementing to demonstrate various shortcomings in the known method with the equipment of traditional device that is equipped with heating mould in practice.This shows as for example undesirable too early sclerosis of molding material in the member of penetrating the sand molding machine, and this is interpreted as owing to caused by the heat of mould radiation.Be particularly related to injection nozzle and injection shield in these members, even they also are heated to molding material because the critical-temperature that dehydration begins to harden at holding fix.The too early sclerosis of molding material causes for example forming at the lip-deep sclerderm of molding material in injection shield, thereby molding material no longer can be imported in the mould in accordance with regulations.Consequence be mould not exclusively fill with obstruction with injection nozzle.The molding material of sclerosis causes the obstruction of nozzle equally in injection nozzle itself, thereby also no longer can guarantee uniformly filling in accordance with regulations.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of method and apparatus is provided, whereby can be reliably and the profiled member of using with the easy fault manufacturing mold that reduces by the molding material that comprises inorganic bond.
From above-described prior art, this purpose at first reaches by a kind of method that is used to make the profiled member of the mold that casting metal melts uses.This method comprises:
-penetrate in the sand molding machine at one, by means of injection element such as injection nozzle and injection shield, with a kind of molding material that comprises inorganic bond be injected into a mould determine wait to make in the cavity of profiled member shape;
-in a firm time, to the molding material heat supply of injecting mould, so that make the molding material sclerosis by the elimination of moisture; And
-between hardening period, make at least penetrate comprising of sand molding machine molding material, that between this hardening period, be in holding fix, be subjected to follow the injection element of heating to remain on a temperature levels that prevents profiled member sclerosis by the radiant heat that mould sends.
Secondly, reach by a kind of sand molding machine of penetrating that is used to make the profiled member of the mold that the casting light metal material uses, this is penetrated the sand molding machine and comprises:
-one mould, this mould has the cavity of determining to wait to make the profiled member shape;
-one heater is in order to heating mould;
-a plurality of injection elements, in order to molding material is input in the mould, wherein mould can move on to a holding fix with respect to injection element and/or injection element from an injection phase with respect to mould, in the injection phase, they closely are adjacent to be provided with, so that fill in mould, and at holding fix, they are located away from each other; And
-one humidifying device, this humidifying device make these contain molding sand when injection element is in holding fix and the injection element that is positioned at the radiation of heat zone of sending by mould to keep being moist.
Can also withdraw between the station at an injection station and in this situation preferred mold and to move around.
Be specially adapted to make the casting core that casting light metal melt is used according to method of the present invention with according to the sand molding machine of penetrating of the present invention, it has represented the overwhelming majority of the mold spare of making in the device of the pattern of being considered in practice here.
According to the present invention, it is moist keeping these members targetedly between the hardening period of the molding material that injects heated mold, the heat that they are given off by mould is heated to a temperature, may cause the sclerosis not inadvertently too early and that therefore disturb of molding material under this temperature.Resist in such a way in these members or on it otherwise since heating the dehydration of molding material can take place and prevent that thus molding material from penetrating the sclerosis in these crucial members of sand molding machine.Each member that is added heat affecting in this case especially typically relates to injection nozzle or gives the needed injection shield of injection nozzle and go up the injection plate that connects or the feed path of other guiding molding material for feed.
By for required retention period of the sclerosis of profiled member in mould these members of humidification targetedly, for example prevent that sclerderm in the injection shield not only forms but also injection nozzle stops up because of the molding material of sclerosis.Also the molding material that comprises the adhesive of inorganic waterglass base can be used for the profiled member that casting operation is used reliably in such a way.The feature of the profiled member that obtains is in the circulation of good intensity and the material that can lead back profiled member manufacturing employing after it uses again.
Therefore what the heat that is sent by mould heated also can realize according to first scheme of the present invention at the humidification of member compromised aspect the sclerosis of molding material like this, even at least one injection element at least temporarily is subjected to the effect of humid atmosphere between hardening period.This form of implementation of the present invention is particularly suitable for avoiding the sclerosis of molding material in injection nozzle when keeping the atmosphere of humidity targetedly in cover.Wherein the water content that preferably forms the atmosphere of carrier gas by air is suitable for corresponding situation.Like this, for example can imagine, will become to make the sclerosis that on injection nozzle, forms condensate liquid and therefore avoid being contained in molding material in the injection nozzle or that adhere on it reliably around the humidity regulation of the atmosphere of the injection nozzle that is in holding fix.
Selectively or be complemented at by keep one the regulation humidity atmosphere humidification maybe advantageously, make at least one injection element of following heating between hardening period at least temporarily the cooling.Can cause the formation of condensate liquid equally by such cooling targetedly.Therefore this form of implementation of the present invention is particularly suitable for protecting the obstruction of the molding material that injection nozzle avoids hardening.To inject the humidification of air own in addition or selectively, so that prevent the dry and sclerosis of molding material from the beginning.
Of the present invention another is easy to realize especially and still effectively form of implementation is characterised in that, at least one injection element of following heating was at least temporarily contacted with a moisture carrier between hardening period.This moisture carrier can relate to the particularly absorbent material crossed of water retting of a usefulness liquid, as sponge or rag.Actual experiment proves, when such moisture carrier leans against on the injection nozzle that is in holding fix, can avoid being contained in the sclerosis of the molding material in the nozzle reliably.
By between hardening period at least temporarily by a kind of hot gas, the cavity of the air flow through molds of preferred heating makes this gas import and carry full water dryly and divides ground to discharge, and can improve the hardening process that is contained in the profiled member in the mould targetedly.In this case mould fill with after the molding material during the needed time of hardening for profiled member except import via mould itself hot also the air-flow of the drying of a heat is led the overmolding part.From mould, discharge the gas that in hardening process, takes place in such a way on the one hand.In the hot molding part that will add on the other hand.This heat is not to enter its inside via the shell of profiled member lentamente in this case, but by apace by the core inside of air-flow molding part.
As a result, reach Rapid and uniform core hardening thus.Also will make the influence of varied in thickness of the surging of core reduce to minimum thus.Therefore the profiled member that obtains according to this scheme of method of the present invention has had extra high equally distributed intensity when taking out from mould.Simultaneously in such a way for example when making the casting core rod accessible circulation timei be not higher than by comprising organic bond, particularly the needed time of core rod is cast in the molding material manufacturing of synthetic resin accordingly.
Description of drawings
Further favourable form of implementation of the present invention is illustrated in all dependent claims and in conjunction with the following embodiment that describes by means of accompanying drawing and is illustrated in greater detail.This embodiment schematically illustrates with part section, wherein:
The sand molding machine of penetrating that Fig. 1 makes casting core is in first operating position;
The sand molding machine of penetrating shown in Fig. 2 Fig. 1 is in second operating position.
The specific embodiment
According to " hot case method ", the sand molding machine 1 of penetrating of making casting core K has a blender 3.In blender 3, be mixed into a kind of molding material F by a kind of inorganic fire-resistant molding sand and a kind of waterglass based adhesive.
This molding material F is input in the funnel 4 that is provided with below blender 3, it is imported in the injection cylinder 5 of a location below funnel 4 by this funnel.Injection cylinder 5 with filler F be injected into one connect thereon from injection cylinder 5 along its width and the degree of depth downwards gradually in the injection shield 6 of expansion, the latter is in its lower section by an injection top board 7 sealings.Many bearings not shown further form in the injection top board 7, and wherein each fixes an injection nozzle 8.
The injection nozzle 8 that extends to the direction of the top box 9 of mould 10 is provided with corresponding to the injection orifice 11 that forms in the top box 9.Injection orifice 11 feeds in the cavity 12, and its groove that forms in accordingly in top box 9 and the nowel 13 by mould 10 constitutes.Other not shown element can be the member of moulding machine 1.
Determine the shape of casting core K to be produced by cavity 12.Each steam vent 4 forms in the nowel 13, and in the process of filling in cavity 12, the air that is squeezed by the molding material F that injects distributes via such hole 14.Each corresponding not shown steam vent is set in top box when needing.By means of the heater 15 controllably top box 9 and the nowel 13 of heating mould 10.
Be provided with unshowned adjusting device, so that make core case and injection orifice 11 move on to an injection position to injection nozzle 8 directions, wherein each injection nozzle is along each injection orifice 11 directions location of mould 10.This moment injection top board 7, injection shield 6, injection cylinder 5 and the funnel 4 of fixedlying connected with injection nozzle 8 all with injection nozzle 8 gather together (Fig. 1).
After the injection of mould 10, moulding machine 1 is moved on to holding fix finishing molding material F, the top of this position injection nozzle 9 be arranged on a determining deviation mould 10 above (Fig. 2).This wait position injection nozzle 8 is remained to always in the cavity 12 that is contained in mould 10 molding material F since the add thermal result of molding material F in mould 10 occur dewatering and harden into till the casting core K.If do not have air-flow L by means of superpressure or negative pressure flow through molds 10 to improve hardening process, the gas that then produces in hardening process distributes from mould 10 via injection orifice 11 and steam vent 14 automatically.
On injection shield 6, connect a humidifying device 16, borrow it malaria can be imported the inner chamber of injection shield 6.In addition, a sponge 17 is fixed on the plate 18, and this plate can move on to below the injection nozzle 8 when injection nozzle 8 is positioned at holding fix and be positioned to make sponge 17 to be pressed onto on the injection nozzle 8 and fully around the part with nozzle bore below it at least.In addition, for each injection nozzle 8 disposes a nozzle 19 respectively, borrow it when injection nozzle 8 is positioned at holding fix, will to be sprayed onto on the injection nozzle 8 by the humid air that humidifying device 16 is supplied with.
Be adjusted in holding fix input injection shield 6 and the water content that sprays to the humid air of injection nozzle 8 molding material can not be dewatered.Prevented reliably that in such a way the molding sand F that still comprises at holding fix from hardening owing to heating and dehydration in injection shield 6 and injection nozzle 8 and since not only in injection process (Fig. 1) and when the long period is positioned at holding fix (Fig. 2) make related member be subjected to heat by the radiant heat W that the mould 10 of heat sends.
Wherein at holding fix, the sponge 17 of pressing to injection nozzle 8 guarantees targetedly that also obstruction of the nozzle bore of injection nozzle 8 can not take place owing to the molding material F of bonding for it.By forming at the condensate liquid that holding fix can replenish in the zone that is supported in injection nozzle 8 injection nozzle 8 coolings by means of a not shown cooling device.And such cooling can prevent effectively that the temperature in the inner chamber of injection nozzle 8 is raised to the critical level for the sclerosis of molding material F.The humidification of the outside by injection nozzle 8 is guaranteed the bonding of molding sand F on injection nozzle 8 that it can not harden.
In order to improve the hardening process of casting core K in mould 10, be provided with a device 20, it has an air connector 21 and an air-breathing joint 22.The air connector 21 of device 20 is connected in injection orifice 11 and installs the steam vent 14 (Fig. 2) that 20 air-breathing joint 22 is connected in mould 10 when injection nozzle 8 is in holding fix during for the required firm time of the sclerosis of casting core K.Air stream L with a kind of drying of heat imports in the mould 10 continuously via air connector 21.What comprise in this air stream L flow through molds 10 is in the casting core K in the sclerosis and discharges via the steam vent 14 of mould 10.Also even in such a way hot type in-core portion, thus the moisture that is contained among the casting core K entirely distributes fast.
The air stream L that absorbs via air-breathing joint 22 gas that will in the heating process of casting core K, occur output mask 10 targetedly and apace simultaneously.Uniform heat distribution among the casting core K that reaches by air stream L realizes the firm time that shortens thus, reaches the intensity of the improved casting core K that obtains simultaneously.
List of numerals
1 makes the sand molding machine of penetrating of casting core
3 blenders
4 funnels
5 injection cylinders
6 injection shield
7 injection top boards
8 injection nozzles
9 top boxs
10 moulds
11 injection orifices
12 cavitys
13 nowels
14 steam vents
15 heaters
16 humidifying devices
17 sponges
18 plates
19 nozzles
20 produce and absorb the device of air stream L
21 air connectors
22 air-breathing joints
The thickness of D casting core
The F molding material
The K casting core
The air stream of L drying
The W radiant heat

Claims (20)

1. one kind is used to make the particularly method of the casting core of the mold used of casting metal melts of profiled member, and this method comprises:
-penetrate in the sand molding machine (1) at one, by means of injection element such as injection nozzle (8) and injection shield (6), a kind of molding material (F) that comprises inorganic bond is injected in the cavity (12) of determining profiled member to be made (K) shape of a mould (10);
-in a firm time, to molding material (F) heat supply of injecting mould (10), so that make molding material (F) sclerosis by the elimination of moisture; And
-between hardening period, make at least penetrate comprising of sand molding machine (1) molding material (F), that between this hardening period, be in holding fix, follow the injection element (6,8) of heating to remain on a humidity level who prevents profiled member (F) sclerosis by the radiant heat (W) that sends from mould (10).
2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that at least one is subjected to following the injection element (6,8) of heating at least temporarily to be subjected to a kind of effect of humid atmosphere between hardening period.
3. in accordance with the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that described atmosphere is formed by malaria.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that described atmosphere comprises enough water content, so that upward form a kind of condensate liquid at the injection element (6,8) of following heating by the heat of mould (10).
5. according to one of claim 2 to 5 described method, it is characterized in that being subjected to following the injection element of heating is injection shield (6) and/or injection cylinder (5), humid atmosphere is input in their inner chamber.
6. according to one of an aforesaid right requirement described method, it is characterized in that, between hardening period, at least temporarily cool off at least one injection element that is subjected to following heating (6,8).
7. in accordance with the method for claim 6, it is characterized in that, the injection element (6,8) that is subjected to following heating is cooled to moisture temperature of condensation thereon or in it.
8. according to one of an aforesaid right requirement described method, it is characterized in that, between hardening period, at least one injection element that is subjected to following heating (6,8) is contacted with a moisture carrier (17).
9. in accordance with the method for claim 8, it is characterized in that moisture carrier (17) is a kind of with the liquid absorbent material crossed of water retting particularly.
10. according to one of claim 6 to 9 described method, it is characterized in that being subjected to following the injection element of heating is at least one injection nozzle (8).
11. according to one of an aforesaid right requirement described method, it is characterized in that the cavity (12) of mould (10) is at least temporarily flow through by a kind of hot gas (L) between hardening period, make this gas import and carry full water dryly and divide the ground discharge.
12. in accordance with the method for claim 11, it is characterized in that gas (L) is imported via the injection orifice (11) of the mould (10) that is provided with at least one injection nozzle of insertion (8), and discharges via the steam vent (14) of mould (10).
13., it is characterized in that described gas is air (L) according to one of claim 11 or 12 described method.
14. one kind is used to make the particularly sand molding machine of penetrating of the casting core (K) of the mold used of casting metal melts of profiled member, this is penetrated the sand molding machine and comprises:
-one mould (10), this mould have a cavity (12) of determining the shape of profiled member to be made (K);
-one heater (15) is in order to heating mould (10);
-a plurality of injection elements (6,8), in order to molding material (F) is input in the mould (10), wherein mould (10) can move on to a holding fix with respect to injection element (6,8) and/or injection element (6,8) from an injection phase with respect to mould (10), in the injection phase, they closely are adjacent to be provided with, so that fill in mould (10), and at holding fix, they are located away from each other; And
-one humidifying device (16,17), this humidifying device injection element (6,8) make these contain molding sand (F) when being in holding fix and the injection element (6,8) that is positioned at the radiation areas of the heat of sending by mould (10) (W) to keep being moist.
15., it is characterized in that humidifying device (16) is connected with a feeder according to the described sand molding machine of penetrating of claim 14, this feeder is supplied with a kind of wet gas to humidifying device (16).
16. according to one of claim 14 or 15 described sand molding machine of penetrating, it is characterized in that, humidifying device comprises a moisture carrier (17), and this moisture carrier abuts in when being in holding fix at least one of these injection elements (8) at injection element (6,8).
17. according to the described sand molding machine of penetrating of claim 16, it is characterized in that, humidifying device (17) by a kind of available liquid particularly the absorbent material of water retting constitute.
18. according to one of claim 14 to 17 described sand molding machine of penetrating, it is characterized in that at least one injection element (8) is equipped with a cooling device, this cooling device cools off this injection element (8) at injection element (6,8) when being in holding fix.
19. according to one of claim 14 to 18 described sand molding machine of penetrating, it is characterized in that, be provided with a dry gas feedway that can be connected with mould (10), this device makes dry gas (L) flow through the molding material (F) that exists in the cavity (12) in mould (10) at injection element (6,8) when being in holding fix.
20. the sand molding machine of penetrating (1) that constitutes according to one of claim 14 to 19 is used to implement the application according to one of claim 1 to 13 described method.
CNB028200519A 2001-09-08 2002-09-09 Method and mould shooter for producing mould parts, such as casting cores, for casting moulds used to cast metal melt Expired - Fee Related CN1292857C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10144193.2 2001-09-08
DE10144193A DE10144193C1 (en) 2001-09-08 2001-09-08 Production of molded parts involves pouring a molding material into a molding tool in an injection molding machine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1568236A true CN1568236A (en) 2005-01-19
CN1292857C CN1292857C (en) 2007-01-03

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US (1) US20040250977A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1444063B1 (en)
KR (1) KR20040063117A (en)
CN (1) CN1292857C (en)
AT (1) ATE393676T1 (en)
BR (1) BR0212370A (en)
CA (1) CA2459430A1 (en)
DE (2) DE10144193C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2305307T3 (en)
HU (1) HUP0402386A2 (en)
MX (1) MXPA04002068A (en)
PL (1) PL204048B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2277453C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2003022487A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200401807B (en)

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CN102869464A (en) * 2010-04-29 2013-01-09 兰佩&莫斯纳有限公司 Method and device by which moulding compound to be processed is kept moist during the production of moulds or cores
CN102601319A (en) * 2012-03-26 2012-07-25 苏州明志科技有限公司 Shooting cylinder

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DE10144193C1 (en) 2002-10-31
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CN1292857C (en) 2007-01-03
RU2004110620A (en) 2005-06-10

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