CN1561252A - Voc气体的回收方法和voc气体的回收设备 - Google Patents

Voc气体的回收方法和voc气体的回收设备 Download PDF

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CN1561252A
CN1561252A CN02819286.9A CN02819286A CN1561252A CN 1561252 A CN1561252 A CN 1561252A CN 02819286 A CN02819286 A CN 02819286A CN 1561252 A CN1561252 A CN 1561252A
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K·布罗德雷斯基特
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Wartsila Oil and Gas Systems AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F17C5/04—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/044—Avoiding pollution or contamination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
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Abstract

将经回收和压缩后的VOC气体用作蒸汽系统的燃料，在蒸汽系统中产生的蒸汽用来驱动一个或多个用来压缩VOC气体的压缩机(26，28，30)。

Description

VOC气体的回收方法和VOC气体的回收设备
本发明涉及权利要求1的序言中公开的VOC气体的回收方法。
本发明还涉及权利要求5的序言中公开的VOC气体的回收设备。
装载过程中油槽船的VOCs(挥发性有机化合物气态烃)排放是个环境问题。已知可冷凝VOC气体并将其贮存起来以减少和消除排放。
由于在冷凝前必须要使用压缩机对气体加压，该冷凝过程是耗能的。当今，使用电动发动机来驱动压缩机。这样做既复杂又成本高昂。因为发电机设备使用重油作为燃料，该系统还会招致污染。
NO 176 454公开了从液化气体的蒸发气(boil-off)和液化气体蒸发所产生的任何气体生产燃烧气体的设备。该设备采用组合式热交换器使蒸发气和液化的气体在其中加热。通过该组合式热交换器中的普通混合室向压缩机供应过热气体的组合气流。
本发明的目的是以能量有效和环境友好的方式收集或回收VOC气体。
因此，根据本发明，提出了权利要求1中定义的方法。该方法另外的特征公开在从属的方法权利要求中。
根据本发明，提出了权利要求5中定义的设备。该设备另外的特征阐述在从属的设备权利要求中。
现在，参照附图更为详细地描述本发明，其中：
图1展示了正在装载原油的油槽船，其安装了已知的回收设备；
图2展示了在图1油槽船上使用的已知工艺设备；和
图3展示了应用了本发明的新工艺设备。
为了更好地理解本发明，首先参照图1和图2更为详细地讨论一个现有技术的实例。
油槽船1具有多个油槽2，3，4和5。油槽5正在经由装载软管6进行装载。油槽2和4已装满而油槽3是空的。
在图1中显示，油槽船1上的VOC气体和惰性气体的回收设备与油槽5相连，油槽5正处于装载过程当中。回收设备包含冷凝设备7和用来贮存冷凝后的、即液化VOC的储罐8。在图1所示的情况下，冷凝设备7与处在装载过程中的油槽5相连。惰性气体和VOC输送至冷凝设备7。冷凝后的VOC气体贮存在储罐8中。惰性气体经管道9输送至通气直管10。
图2展示了该工艺设备的更多细节，该图显示了油槽船1和VOC冷凝液储罐8。油槽船1上的油槽通过管道组11与除雾器12(集雾器)相连，VOC气体由此向压缩机13输送。该压缩机通过一台未显示的电动发动机以已知方式驱动。压缩后的气体从压缩机13向用海水冷却的冷凝器14输送，并由此向三相分离器15输送。在分离器中，经管道16将水排出。从水中分离出VOC并用泵17送至VOC储罐8。
干燥的气体从分离器15向两级热交换器(冷凝器)18输送。在热交换器18的第一级中，来自两级分离器19的剩余气体和冷的VOC用作致冷剂。在热交换器18的第二级中，冷的丙烯20用作致冷剂。使用海水22对冷却系统21进行冷却。
气体/液体混合物向分离器输送，在这里轻质烃如乙烷、丙烷和丁烷以液体形式流出。
液化VOC经由热交换器18用泵23输送并在进入VOC储罐8之前与来自分离器15的液体混合，储罐8位于油槽船1的甲板上。管道从VOC储罐8通至甲板歧管24。
运行以上展示和描述的工艺设备所需的能量可由船只自身的动力设备提供，如果有剩余能量的话。否则，使用安装在该船上的独立动力设备。
回收的VOC可以输送回载货(原油)中或运输到岸上用作燃料，或进行进一步处理(精炼)。
根据本发明，在装载过程中产生的VOC气体可用来生产蒸汽，其可用来驱动蒸汽涡轮机，而蒸汽涡轮机可驱动回收设备中的气体压缩机。VOC冷凝液和剩余的气体用作蒸汽系统的燃料。而且，VOC冷凝液还可以在油槽中便利地用作无氧气的“惰性”保护气体。
现在参照图3更详细地描述本发明，该图展示了本发明的工艺设备。
在油槽船1的甲板上安装了VOC回收设备25。VOC冷凝液储罐8也安置在油槽船1的甲板上。一个通气直管10通至VOC回收设备25，图1和2也可看到。
VOC回收设备25包含由蒸汽涡轮机27驱动的第一压缩机26，由蒸汽涡轮机29驱动的第二压缩机28和附带着蒸汽涡轮机31的压缩机30。压缩机30和涡轮机31是冷却系统(见图2)的必要部件。
VOC气体从油槽船1经管道32向VOC回收设备25输送。由压缩机26、28和冷却系统30、31产生的VOC冷凝液经管道33向VOC冷凝液储罐8输送。
管道34从VOC冷凝液储罐8通至锅炉35，在此来自储罐8的VOC冷凝液用作燃料(可燃物)。当需要时，按箭头36和37所指示加入空气和重油。
剩余气体经通气直管10排出并可以经过支管38向锅炉35供应，以供燃烧。流经管道38的剩余气体含有甲烷、乙烷和N2。
锅炉35产生的蒸汽经蒸汽管道39向涡轮机27，29，31输送并且还可以经由热交换器40输送，在此对来自储罐8的VOC冷凝液进行加热并可以将其通过管道41向油槽船1上相关的油槽输送以用作保护气体。
涡轮机27，29，31与冷凝器42相连，冷凝液从这里向进水槽43输送，并由此向锅炉35输送。海水冷却由44处的箭头指示。
在一个特定的实施方案中，VOC冷凝液储罐8的体积可以为450m3并在5-12bar的压力下工作。涡轮机27，29可分别以3600转/分供应1400KW。冷却系统中的涡轮机31可以，例如以3600转/分供应600KW。冷凝器中的工作压力可以是0.2bar绝对压力。锅炉35能够以16bar绝对压力供应蒸汽，其生产能力为36吨/小时。在锅炉5中可以采用普通的二元燃料燃烧炉作为燃烧炉。这样，本发明将油槽脱气生成的冷凝液用作锅炉的燃料，锅炉产生驱动该回收设备的蒸汽。未得到正常回收并会进入大气的剩余气体与进入锅炉35的空气相混合并在这里燃烧。
因为VOC冷凝液被回收到惰性气体中，那么其可能一开始就具有饱和的气体气氛，而这将会减少油槽的脱气。在对油槽气氛中的惰性气体(N2+CO2)的常规使用中，很容易混入烃类化合物并增加了气体的产生。由于在惰性气体中存在大量的N2，在装载开始时这是特别不利的。同时，需要对大量的气体进行加工，这将需要更多的能量。通过本发明避免了这一问题。

Claims (7)

1.回收将烃类化合物向油槽装载过程中形成的VOC气体的方法，其中对VOC气体进行了收集、压缩、冷却并输送到VOC冷凝液储罐，该方法的特征在于将VOC冷凝液用作蒸汽系统的燃料，并且该蒸汽系统中产生的蒸汽用来驱动压缩VOC气体的压缩机。
2.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于蒸汽系统中产生的蒸汽用来驱动冷却系统以进行所述的冷却。
3.权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于将回收中产生的剩余气体输送至蒸汽系统，作为所述燃料的补充。
4.权利要求1-3的方法，其特征在于使VOC冷凝液与所述蒸汽进行热交换并输送回油槽中用作保护气体。
5.回收将烃类化合物向油槽装载过程中形成的VOC气体的设备，其包含一个或多个VOC气体压缩机(26，28，30)、压缩后的VOC气体的冷却系统(30，31)和VOC冷凝液储罐(8)，其特征在于所述的一个或多个压缩机(26，28，30)分别与蒸汽涡轮机(27，29，31)相连，VOC冷凝液储罐(8)与锅炉(35)相连，以通过使用所述VOC冷凝液作为锅炉(35)的燃料来生产蒸汽，锅炉(35)与所述一个或多个蒸汽涡轮机(27，29，31)相连。
6.权利要求5的设备，其特征在于锅炉(35)与一个涡轮机(31)相连，以驱动压缩VOC气体的冷却压缩机(30)。
7.权利要求4或5的设备，其特征在于热交换器(40)，所述热交换器用于使来自VOC冷凝液储罐(8)的VOC冷凝液与来自锅炉(35)的蒸汽进行热交换，以使VOC冷凝液再生为适当的保护气体。
CN02819286.9A 2001-07-31 2002-07-29 Voc气体的回收方法和voc气体的回收设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1265860C (zh)

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CN109364513A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2019-02-22 佛山科学技术学院 一种voc气体回收装置

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WO2003011420A1 (en) 2003-02-13
CA2456125C (en) 2008-10-21
US20040194474A1 (en) 2004-10-07
CN1265860C (zh) 2006-07-26
GB0401759D0 (en) 2004-03-03
CA2456125A1 (en) 2003-02-13
GB2396572A (en) 2004-06-30
GB2396572B (en) 2005-04-06
BR0211541A (pt) 2004-07-13
NO20013747D0 (no) 2001-07-31
US7032390B2 (en) 2006-04-25
RU2296092C2 (ru) 2007-03-27
RU2004105856A (ru) 2005-05-10
NO20013747L (no) 2003-02-03

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