Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a special additive which is directly added to a raw material for delayed coking to improve the yield of a liquid oil product by suppressing the generation of coke and dry gas. Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of such additives.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The additive provided by the invention comprises the following components:
10-20 parts by weight of a thermal cracking active substance,
30-40 parts of free radical chain reaction inhibitor,
20-30 parts by weight of an anti-coking agent,
10-20 parts of solvent.
Preferably:
13-17 parts by weight of a thermal cracking active substance,
34-38 parts of free radical chain reaction inhibitor,
23-26 parts by weight of an anti-coking agent,
13-18 parts of solvent.
The thermal cracking active substance is a common thermal cracking active substance; preferably block polyether block copolymerized by polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene having molecular weight of 5000-12000, C8-C12Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate or sorbitan polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate.
The radical chain reaction inhibitor is a general radical chain reaction inhibitor, preferably pentaerythritol tetrakis [ β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], octadecyl β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, N-phenyl- α naphthylamine, didodecyldiphenylamine, styryl octyldiphenylamine, or phenyl phosphite.
The anti-coking agent is a common anti-coking agent; preferred are sulfenamides (structural formula shown below)(wherein R is1、R2、R3Are all C8-C12Alkyl group of (1), C6-C10Alkylated phenols, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, styrenated phenol or N-nitroso-phenyl- β -naphthylamine.
The solvent is an organic solvent; preferably kerosene or diesel.
The basic principle of improving liquid yield is as follows:
when residual oil is subjected to delayed coking, the following complex and parallel network reactions occur
The above thermal cracking reaction can be described by a free radical chain reaction mechanism:
(1) initiation of the chain
First homolytic cracking of hydrocarbon molecules under heated conditions to form free radicals
(2) Development of chains
(3) Decomposition of free radicals
The free radicals can decompose to form olefin molecules and new free radicals, the decomposition occurring at the β bond position of the carbon atom with the unpaired electron, for example:
the yield of dry gas in the thermal cracking products is higher than that in the catalytic cracking.
(4) Chain termination
The synthesized high molecular active substance is added, and can interact with unpaired electrons to enable free radicals to generate homolytic reaction, thereby reducing the generation of cracking gas.
The coke formation is a combination of thermal decomposition and condensation reactions, and the mechanism is:
(1) chain initiation
(2) Chain development
Under the catalysis of trace oxygen and transition metal:
(3) asphaltene, coke formation
The asphalt base is prepared by removing H from asphaltene+The latter substance.
The asphalt is a hydrocarbon compound and is a black viscous liquid, semi-liquid or solid substance mainly comprising asphaltene and resin.
The asphaltene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms, and has specific gravity and carbon-hydrogen ratio higher than those of colloid.
The colloid is polycyclic or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon compound containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms, has an average molecular weight of 600-800, and is a semi-liquid colloid substance with reddish brown to dark brown.
The synthesized polymer active substance can also react with peroxide (ROOH) to stop the chain reaction, thereby reducing the generation of coke.
The additive only changes the product distribution in the delayed coking process, and does not change the distillation range, density, hydrocarbon cluster composition, carbon residue and other quality indexes of liquid products such as gasoline, diesel oil, wax oil (hydrocarbons with the boiling point higher than 500 ℃ and higher than 350 ℃), and the like. The additive is an oil-soluble organic compound, and has no influence on subsequent processing processes such as coking gasoline, coking diesel oil hydrofining, coking wax oil catalytic cracking, coking wax oil catalytic hydrogenation and the like.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the additive. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a solvent into an enamel stirring reaction kettle, slowly heating to 60-110 ℃ within 1-2 hours, then sequentially adding a thermal cracking active substance, a free radical chain reaction inhibitor and an anti-coking agent according to a proportion, stirring for reaction for 1-2 hours, cooling, and filtering to remove solid impurities to obtain a finished product.
The additive is used in industrial production, and is added into the raw material of delayed coking, and the addition amount of the additive is 100-500 ppm; preferably 100-300 ppm; more preferably 300 ppm.
The additive provided by the invention is used, and the industrial test of a delayed coking device with annual treatment capacity of 100 ten thousand tons shows that the yield of light oil can be improved by 3-5%. The additive provided by the invention is used in the delayed coking, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, high liquid yield and high economic benefit.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1700g of kerosene is firstly added into an enamel stirring reaction kettle, the temperature is slowly raised to 80 ℃ within 1.5 hours, then 1650g of sorbitan polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate, 3500g of styryl octyl diphenylamine and 2500g of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl p-cresol are sequentially added, the stirring reaction is carried out for 2 hours, and the finished product is obtained after cooling and filtering to remove solid impurities.
Example 2
1600g of diesel oil is firstly added into an enamel stirring reaction kettle, the temperature is slowly raised to 80 ℃ within 1.5 hours, then 1600g of block polyether of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene block copolymerization with molecular weight of 7000, 3600g of pentaerythrityl tetrakis [ β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate]and 2550g of styrenated phenol are sequentially added, the stirring reaction is carried out for 80 minutes, the cooling is carried out, and the solid impurities are removed by filtering, thus obtaining the finished product.
Example 3
1800g of kerosene is added into an enamel stirring reaction kettle, the temperature is slowly raised to 70 ℃ within 2 hours, then 1850g of octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate, 3900g of β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) octadecyl propionate and 2700g N-nitroso-phenyl- β -naphthylamine are sequentially added, the stirring reaction is carried out for 1.5 hours, and the finished product is obtained after cooling and filtering to remove solid impurities.
Example 4
Adding 1900g of diesel oil into an enamel stirring reaction kettle, slowly heating to 100 ℃ within 2 hours, then sequentially adding 1900g of block polyether of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene block copolymer with the molecular weight of 10000, 3850g of didodecyldiphenylamine and 2950g of octylated phenol, stirring for reacting for 100 minutes, cooling, and filtering to remove solid impurities to obtain the finished product.
Example 5
Firstly 1350g of kerosene is added into an enamel stirring reaction kettle, the temperature is slowly raised to 90 ℃ within 80 minutes, and then 1450g of decyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate, 3400g N-phenyl- α naphthylamine and 2450g of decyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate are sequentially added(wherein R is1Is octyl, R2Is undecyl, R3Octyl), stirring and reacting for 80 minutes, cooling, and filtering to remove solid impurities to obtain the finished product.
Example 6
1100g of diesel oil is firstly added into an enamel stirring reaction kettle, the temperature is slowly raised to 80 ℃ within 70 minutes, and then 1200g of undecyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonic acid ester, 3200g of phenyl phosphite ester and 2150g of phenyl phosphite ester are sequentially added
(wherein R is
1Is decyl, R
2Is decyl, R
3Nonyl) to react for 1.5 hours under stirring, and then the finished product is obtained after cooling and filtering to remove solid impurities.
Example 7 (delayed coking simulation industrialization test)
a. A delayed coking simulation industrialized test device is shown in attached figure 1.
b. Main apparatus and equipment
Serial number name model/specification origin
Self-made stainless steel phi 400 x 400 of 1 water vapor generator
Built-in electric heating rod
2 residual oil storage tank phi 200X 200 stainless steel cylindrical container self-made
3 plunger metering pump J-10/63/50 Hangzhou river stoning device
Standby Ltd
4 heating furnace temperature controller SR25-IP-N-060000 Tokyo Japan
5 heating furnace tube phi 4 stainless steel self-made
6 heating furnace Sk-2-3-10 Shenyang electric furnace factory
7 furnace outlet temperature recorder LM14-204 Shanghai Dahua instrument factory
Self-made 8 coking tower phi 200X 1000 stainless steel
9 condenser phi 10 x 500 glass self-made
c. Test Process conditions
The blank test and the test using the additive both adopt the following operating conditions:
1) the charging temperature of the residual oil is 100 +/-1 DEG C
2) The temperature of the heating furnace is 590 +/-2 DEG C
3) Residual oil tapping temperature of 496 +/-2 DEG C
4) Steam injection 2% (mass flow of residual oil)
5) The flow rate of the residual oil in the furnace tube is 1.3(m/s) (at the charging temperature of the residual oil)
6) Furnace tube diameter 4(mm) (inner diameter)
7) Residual oil flow 1.0(L/min)
d. Test procedure
1) Starting the electric heating furnace, adjusting the temperature of the temperature controller to be 590 ℃, and adjusting the heating speed to be 10-20 ℃/min;
2) opening a tracing band of a residual oil storage tank, and controlling the temperature of residual oil to be 100 ℃;
3) starting a residual oil metering pump until the residual oil flow reaches a stable value;
4) starting a water vapor generator, controlling the temperature to be 200 ℃, and regulating the flow by using an emptying valve to enable the flow of water vapor to reach 20 mL/min;
5) opening a residual oil flow valve;
6) recording the outlet temperature of the residual oil, keeping the outlet temperature of the residual oil at 496 ℃, and if the outlet temperature of the residual oil is not at the temperature, adjusting the temperature of the heating furnace to enable the outlet temperature of the residual oil to reach the temperature;
7) cutting gasoline fraction at a temperature of less than 205 ℃, diesel oilfraction at a temperature of 206-330 ℃ and wax oil fraction at a temperature of 331-350 ℃;
8) residual oil consumption was calculated from the loss in weight in the residual oil storage tank, coke amount was weighed, and gas yield was calculated according to the following formula:
gas yield-residual oil consumption-gasoline quantity-diesel oil quantity-wax oil quantity-coke quantity
The amounts are all by weight.
9) When the additive is used for testing, the additive is added into a residual oil storage tank according to 300ppm, is uniformly stirred, and then the testing is carried out according to the steps.
e. Test materials
The test feed was vacuum residue and its physical properties are shown in the table below.
Item
| Relative density
Degree (d)4 20)
| Freezing point
(℃)
| Residual carbon material
Percentage by weight
Content (wt.)
(%)
| Mass C
Is composed of
Measurement of
(%)
| Mass of H
Is composed of
Measurement of
(%)
| Mass of S
Is composed of
Measurement of
(%)
| Mass of N
Is composed of
Measurement of
(%)
| Quality of Ni
Is composed of
Measurement of
(ppm)
| V mass
Is composed of
Measurement of
(ppm)
|
Results
|
0.9546
|
36
|
14.8
|
86.4
|
112
|
0.9
|
05
|
67
|
4.6
|
f. Blank test (no additive) results
Two blank tests were performed and the results are shown in the table below.
Raw materials
Quality of
(g)
| Gasoline (gasoline)
| Diesel oil
| Wax oil
| Coke
| Gas (es)
| Total liquid
Yield (%)
|
Yield of the product
(g)
| Yield of
(%)
| Yield of the product
(g)
| Yield of
(%)
| Yield of the product
(g)
| Yield of
(%)
| Yield of the product
(g)
| Yield of
(%)
| Yield of the product
(g)
| Yield of
(%)
|
202
|
14.9
|
7.38
|
80.3
|
39.75
|
38.3
|
18.96
|
54.21
|
26.8
|
14.4
|
7.13
|
66.09
|
980
|
71.1
|
7.25
|
390.4
|
39.84
|
187.4
|
19.12
|
259.7
|
26.5
|
71.4
|
7.29
|
66.21
|
g. Tests with additives
Two tests were carried out with 300ppm of additive under the same operating conditions as the blank, and the results are given in the following table.
Raw materials
Quality of
(g)
| Gasoline (gasoline)
| Diesel oil
| Wax oil
| Coke
| Gas (es)
| Total liquid
Yield (%)
|
Yield of the product
(g)
| Yield of
(%)
| Yield of the product
(g)
| Yield of
(%)
| Yield of the product
(g)
| Yield of
(%)
| Yield of the product
(g)
| Yield of
(%)
| Yield of the product
(g)
| Yield of
(%)
|
200
|
15.6
|
7.80
|
85.7
|
42.85
|
41.4
|
20.70
|
51.4
|
25.70
|
5.9
|
2.95
|
71.35
|
994
|
77.7
|
7.82
|
426.5
|
42.91
|
205.2
|
20.64
|
255.2
|
25.67
|
29.4
|
2.96
|
71.37
|
From the comparison of the two tables, it can be seen that the total liquid yield (gasoline, diesel oil and wax oil) is increased by about 5% after the additives are added. Wherein, diesel oil is increased by about 3 percent, wax oil is increased by about 1.5 percent, gasoline is increased by about 0.5 percent, gas is reduced by about 4 percent, and coke is reduced by about 1 percent.
h. Effect of additive addition on liquid yield enhancement
Additives in
Amount of (ppm)
| Amount of residual oil
(g)
| Liquid mixing
Oil mass (g)
| Total liquid yield
(%)
| Increase of total liquid yield
Added value (%)
| Coke yield
(%)
| Gas yield
(%)
|
0
|
994
|
655.2
|
65.92
|
0
|
26.64
|
7.44
|
100
|
1022
|
692.8
|
69.79
|
1.87
|
25.53
|
6.68
|
200
|
1016
|
704.5
|
69.34
|
3.42
|
25.50
|
5.16
|
300
|
994
|
709.4
|
71.37
|
5.45
|
25.70
|
2.96
|
500
|
1008
|
718.3
|
71.26
|
5.34
|
25.51
|
3.23
|
As can be seen from the above table, the total liquid yield increased by 1.87% when the additive was added at 100ppm, by 3.42% when the additive was added at 200ppm, by 5.45% when the additive was added at 300ppm, and by no more when the additive was added at 500 ppm.
i. Distillation test results
The simulation tests (including blank tests and additive test) and the distillation tests of the mixed oil from the coking tower are carried out, and the wax oil with the gasoline boiling range of-180 ℃ at the initial boiling point, 180 ℃ for diesel oil and 350 ℃ at the temperature higher than 350 ℃ is cut. The results of the tests are shown in the following table.
Additive agent
Amount of the composition used
(ppm)
| Mixed oil
Quantity (g)
| Gasoline quantity
(g)
| Gasoline recycling device
Rate (g)
| Gasoline seal
Degree g/cm3)
| Diesel oil mass
(g)
| Diesel oil collector
Percentage (%)
| Density of diesel oil
(g/cm3)
| Wax oil
Quantity (g)
| Wax oil recovery
Percentage (%)
| Loss of distillation
Medicine for treating diabetes
| Loss of distillation
Loss rate
(%)
|
0
|
655.2
|
65.6
|
10.01
|
0.7088
|
194.9
|
29.75
|
0.8764
|
164.6
|
25.12
|
6.81
|
1.04
|
100
|
692.8
|
71.1
|
10.26
|
0.7051
|
218.7
|
31.57
|
0.8767
|
172.5
|
24.90
|
7.40
|
1.07
|
200
|
704.5
|
72.9
|
10.34
|
0.7067
|
228.9
|
32.49
|
0.8649
|
177.0
|
25.12
|
9.79
|
1.39
|
500
|
718.3
|
74.8
|
10.41
|
0.7068
|
248.7
|
34.76
|
0.8788
|
179.2
|
24.59
|
8.19
|
1.14
|
The gasoline yield, diesel yield, wax oil yield and distillation loss in the above tables are calculated for the feedstock residue. As can be seen from the data in the table, the yield of the wax oil is not changed greatly after the additive is used, the yield of the gasoline is slightly increased, and the diesel oil is mainly increased.
j. Chemical composition analysis of coking products
① analysis result of gasoline composition
Gasoline fraction hydrocarbon composition and sulfur and nitrogen content
| Alkane(s)
(mass%)
| Cycloalkanes
(mass%)
| Olefins
(mass%)
| Aromatic hydrocarbons
(mass%)
| Total up to
(mass%)
| Sulfur
(μg/g)
| Nitrogen is present in
(μg/g)
|
Blank space
|
37.6
|
8.4
|
34.2
|
19.6
|
99.8
|
1060
|
182
|
Adding additives
Additive agent
|
35.8
|
8.1
|
35.1
|
20.7
|
99.7
|
1078
|
194
|
② analysis result of diesel oil composition
Hydrocarbon composition and S/N content of diesel oil fraction
| Alkane(s)
(mass%)
| Olefins
(mass%)
| Aromatic hydrocarbons
(mass%)
| Total up to
(mass%)
| Sulfur
(mass%)
| Nitrogen is present in
(mass%)
|
Blank space
|
46.3
|
31.6
|
21.7
|
99.6
|
0.32
|
0.13
|
Adding additives
|
45.2
|
32.4
|
22.1
|
99.7
|
0.33
|
0.12
|
③ wax oil composition analysis results
Wax oil fraction composition and sulfur, nitrogen and carbon residue content
| Saturated hydrocarbons
(quality)
%)
| Aromatic hydrocarbons
(mass%)
| Colloid plus asphalt
Quality of food
(mass%)
| Total up to
(mass%)
| Sulfur
(mass%)
| Nitrogen is present in
(mass%)
| Carbon residue
(mass%)
|
Blank space
|
55.0
|
38.5
|
6.2
|
99.7
|
0.64
|
0.31
|
0.42
|
Adding additives
|
54.9
|
38.3
|
6.4
|
99.6
|
0.62
|
0.34
|
0.46
|
As can be seen from the above tables, the use of the additive has no significant effect on the physicochemical properties of the resulting oil.