CN1547429A - 含蝇毒磷和二嗪农的长期处理动物用昆虫控制装置 - Google Patents
含蝇毒磷和二嗪农的长期处理动物用昆虫控制装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
通过向待处理的动物附着昆虫控制装置来控制另人厌恶的昆虫。所述昆虫控制装置是一种模塑制品，优选形式为耳牌，其由蝇毒磷和二嗪农、聚氯乙烯和增塑剂的粉末状混合物制成。通常以能够延长杀虫活性而不会降低所述装置适用性的量来使用蝇毒磷和二嗪农。
Description
本申请要求2001年8月28日提交的美国临时申请序列号60/315,406的权益，在此引入其全部内容作为参考。
发明领域
本发明涉及改进的、用于动物特别是牲畜的昆虫控制装置，制造该装置的方法和为牲畜长期防治昆虫的方法。
发明背景
牲畜经常会受到诸如蝇类和虱的各类昆虫的侵扰，这些昆虫传播皮肤、眼和耳的感染以及造成刺激，导致生产的损失。已采取了几种方法缓解这一昆虫问题。一个方法要求向牲畜施用杀虫剂喷雾。因为需要大量的时间和劳动量来集合和处理牲畜，所以该方法并不理想。而且，该方法只在短期内有效，需要频繁施用。因此，通常优选更经济和劳动密集度较低的方法。
另一种方法是通过使目标牲畜和配有杀虫剂的装置接触来施用杀虫剂。将分配器如抖粉袋或油壶放置在预期牲畜将会与它们接触的区域。尽管该方法减少了用于处理牲畜的劳动量，但不能确保每个动物都能定期得到必要的处理。
还有一种方法采用缓释杀虫剂与树脂状物质混合，这可以使杀虫剂长期得到释放。以套环到标牌的各种形式使用这些含有杀虫剂的树脂，方法是将它们附着在动物身体的各部分上。使用含有杀虫剂的耳牌来处理牲畜特别有意义，这一点从涉及此类耳牌的专利数量即显而易见。
例如，美国专利4,366,777和4,562,794公开了其中使用了液体杀虫剂分配器的耳牌。在美国专利4,366,777中，液体杀虫剂封装在纤维或泡沫状的储液囊中，通过毛细作用传导到标牌的表面上。在美国专利4,562,794中，含有杀虫剂的分配器或储液囊附着在动物识别牌上。依靠杀虫剂经由半透膜的迁移和扩散来释放杀虫剂。
美国专利4,428,327公开了一种附着在普通耳牌上的杀虫剂浸渍带。已经发现这些标牌都具有缺点，因为围栏或灌木会把这些含有杀虫剂的储液囊或带从标牌上分离下来。因此，要是有一种其中直接加有杀虫剂的标牌将是有利的。
这样的方法公开在美国专利4,721,046；4,195,075；和4,265,876以及Miller等人的《从杀虫耳牌释放合成除虫菊酯》(J.Econ.Entomol.76：1335-1340，1983)和Miller等人的《美国各地区牛用杀虫耳牌的释放率》(The Southwestern Entomologist，卷II(1)，45-50页，1986年3月)中。然而，Miller等人的公开和美国专利4,195,075仅限于能在环境温度下蒸发的液体杀虫剂。在环境温度高到足以造成杀虫剂快速蒸发，并因此导致在较短的时间内杀虫剂不合人意的过多释放的地区，使用此类杀虫剂是不理想的。
更具体而言，美国专利4,265,876只限于含有合成除虫菊酯杀虫剂的标牌，而蝇毒磷不是一种合成除虫菊酯。美国专利5,018,481公开了一种可附着于目标动物体的昆虫控制装置，该装置由蝇毒磷、聚氯乙烯和增塑剂的混合物粉末构成。蝇毒磷的用量为所述装置的5-30％。
为了使所述装置具有约4或更多个月的长使用期以有效控制昆虫，特别是牛躯体上的昆虫，必须向载体中掺入大浓度的杀虫剂。如果在例如耳牌形式的塑料模制载体中使用太多的杀虫剂，它们将变得柔软而不合使用。本发明提供了一种能提供长期、有效杀虫活性的适用装置。
发明概述
根据上述内容，本发明包含了一种牲畜用昆虫控制装置，其可以在约4或更多个月中有效地释放昆虫控制剂。这就是说，释放了足够量的昆虫控制剂以提供对昆虫的有效控制。在本发明的实施方案中，所述装置为耳牌的形式，包含由活性成分—蝇毒磷和二嗪农的有效组合、聚氯乙烯和增塑剂的混合物所形成的模塑制品。有效组合的意思是指用足以提供杀虫活性的量来使用蝇毒磷和二嗪农。当然，蝇毒磷和二嗪农是已知的杀虫剂，但惊奇地发现用本发明的含有固体蝇毒磷和液体二嗪农的组合的装置获得了长期处理的结果。活性成分的用量基于所述装置总重为约10-约60wt％并优选约25-约40wt％。在该量中，蝇毒磷为约10-约30wt％，优选约20-约25wt％，二嗪农为约10-约30wt％，优选约20-约25wt％。
可以将活性成分掺入到任何相容的材料中，只要其能够以高载荷量承载活性成分而不会在搬运或于工作环境中发挥效用时引起不适用性。而且，所述材料应该能够释放性地含有活性成分。短语“释放性地含有”指当存在于相容的材料中时，所述活性成分能与来接触的昆虫发生接触。
在一个实施方案中，本发明包含一种合用的耳牌，其含有能够在4或更多个月中有效的高浓度杀虫剂。术语“合用”是指装置的材料在搬运或于工作环境中发挥效用时能保持其完整性。例如，塑料模塑的耳牌在长时间内不会发粘并能连续释放杀虫剂。
发明详述
如前所述，本发明的昆虫控制装置由蝇毒磷和二嗪农的有效组合、聚氯乙烯和增塑剂的混合物所形成。蝇毒磷是固体的有机磷杀虫剂，其能够有效地防治节肢动物，包括蝇、蛴螬虫、虱、扁虱和螨。在本发明的装置中，蝇毒磷的一般存在量为装置总重的约3-约30wt％，优选的量为约10-约25wt％，最优选的量是约10-约15wt％。二嗪农是液体有机磷杀虫剂，其也能有效地防治节肢动物，包括蝇、蛴螬虫、虱、扁虱和螨。在本发明的装置中，二嗪农存在的量为约10-约30wt％，优选的量为约20-约25wt％，基于10-20克的总重。
当然，在形成本发明昆虫控制装置的混合物中包括其它的已知杀虫剂是可能的。其它的已知杀虫剂应该不会降低所述装置的杀虫活性或降低其适用性。
在本发明的装置中聚氯乙烯一般存在的量为装置总重的约30-约70wt％，优选的量为约40-约60wt％，最优选的量是约45-约55wt％。
用来制造本发明昆虫控制装置的增塑剂可以是任何已知的增塑剂。合用的增塑剂的具体实例包括：邻苯二甲酸酯如邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二苯基二甲酯和邻苯二甲酸二己酯；癸二酸酯如癸二酸二戊酯、癸二酸正丁基苄基酯和癸二酸二苄基酯；己二酸酯如己二酸二辛基酯、己二酸二辛基酯、己二酸二异丁基酯和己二酸二壬基酯；氢化多酚；烷基化芳烃；和聚酯增塑剂如多元醇和多元羧酸形成的分子量至少为2000的聚酯。增塑剂存在的量为昆虫控制装置总重的0-约30wt％，优选的量为约5-约25wt％，最优选的量是约10-约25wt％。
其它材料如染料、颜料、润滑剂、色淀、填料、抗氧化剂和紫外稳定剂可任选地包含在形成本发明昆虫控制装置的混合物中。如果包含了这些材料，它们一般存在的量为约1-约10wt％，优选的量是约2-约4wt％。
在制备所述装置的方法中，按以下步骤掺入固体的蝇毒磷和液体的二嗪农。将聚氯乙烯和增塑剂混合在一起并加热到约180°F的温度。然后加入二嗪农并将混合物共混3小时。然后使混合物冷却到68-80°F(理想的是72°F)。然后加入蝇毒磷和其它成分并共混2小时。含有蝇毒磷、二嗪农、聚氯乙烯、增塑剂和任选成分的混合物是固体混合物，将其模塑成型，优选通过喷射模塑法成型为所需形式。优选形式是可以直接附着在牲畜耳部的耳牌。此类混合物的模塑成型技术是本领域技术人员所知悉的。一种这样的成型方法公开于美国专利4,195,075中。向动物如牲畜安装成型的昆虫控制装置的技术也是本领域内已知的。本文中使用的术语“牲畜”包括牛、羊、猪、马和其它动物。
实施例
通过以下实施例进一步说明本发明，这些实施例无论如何不能理解为是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
将3712克聚氯乙烯和119克柠檬酸乙酰三丁基酯混合并加热至180°F。向混合物中加入工业二嗪农(1907克)并混合3小时。使混合物冷却8小时；加入1906克工业蝇毒磷和95克二氧化钛并混合2小时。在250°F下将混合物通过喷射模塑工序生产耳牌，制得的耳牌单个重量为14-15克，含18.7％增塑剂，20％蝇毒磷和20％二嗪农。
实施例2
将4234克聚氯乙烯和1389克柠檬酸乙酰三丁基酯混合并加热至180°F。向混合物中加入工业二嗪农(1906克)并混合3小时。使混合物冷却8小时；加入1906克工业蝇毒磷和95克二氧化钛并混合2小时。在250°F下将混合物通过喷射模塑工序生产耳牌，制得的耳牌单个重量为14-15克，含13.6％增塑剂，20％蝇毒磷和20％二嗪农。
实施例3
将4667克聚氯乙烯和965克柠檬酸乙酰三丁基酯混合并加热至180°F。向混合物中加入工业二嗪农(1906克)并混合3小时。使混合物冷却8小时；加入1906克工业蝇毒磷和95克二氧化钛并混合2小时。在250°F下将混合物通过喷射模塑工序生产耳牌，制得的耳牌单个重量为14-15克，含9.4％增塑剂，20％蝇毒磷和20％二嗪农。
实施例4
将4878克聚氯乙烯和318克过氧化豆油混合并加热至约180°F。向混合物中加入2738克工业二嗪农并混合3小时。使混合物冷却至72°F；加入1500克蝇毒磷和95克二氧化钛并混合2小时。在250°F下将混合物通过喷射模塑工序生产耳牌，制得的耳牌单个重量为14-15克，含15％蝇毒磷和25％二嗪农。
实施例5
牛耳牌中蝇毒磷+二嗪农损耗率的测定
将实施例1-3中制备的耳牌附着在牛耳上20周。在预定的时间间隔从动物上取下耳牌，称重并分析以确定活性成分从成型的耳牌中损耗的量和损耗率。结果示于表1中。
表1
| 向牛施用后的周数 | 耳牌中活性成分损耗率(蝇毒磷+二嗪农)(毫克/天) | ||
| TAGA | TAGB | TAGC | |
| 48121620 | 61.351.019.14.64.6 | 30.070.03.04.917.8 | 50.032.317.1011.4 |
此项研究的结果表明蝇毒磷和二嗪农在向牛只上施用至少20周内一起从成型的耳牌中得到释放。在施用后的前8周观测到最大释放率。
实施例6
蝇毒磷+二嗪农耳牌对牛体上蝇类控制功效的测定
将实施例1-3中制备的耳牌附着在位于肯塔基州、内布拉斯加州和密苏里州牛群的牛耳上(1或2个耳牌/动物)。在施用耳牌前测定每只动物的角蝇(Haematobia irritans)和/或秋家蝇(Muscaautumnalis)平均数。在施用了耳牌后的至多17周内每周观测牛群并对蝇类进行计数。根据下式通过对比经耳牌处理的牛群身上的角蝇(或秋家蝇)/动物平均数和相邻未处理牛群身上的蝇类平均数计算有效百分率：
结果示于表2-4中。
表2
肯塔基*
| 角蝇 | 秋家蝇 | |||
| 蝇类平均数/ 动物 | ％有效百分率 | 蝇类平均数/ 动物 | ％有效百分率 | |
| 处理前 | 62.0 | - | 30.5 | - |
| 处理后周数 | ||||
| 123456789101112131415 | 000000000000004 | 10010010010010010010010010010010010010010099.1 | 11.88.87.26.78.21.72.71.92.62.92.12.94.93.73.3 | 56.368.666.573.261.987.574.079.370.857.470.859.229.050.053.5 |
*2个耳牌/动物
表3
密苏里*
| 角蝇 | 秋家蝇 | |||
| 蝇类平均数/ 动物 | ％有效百分率 | 蝇类平均数/ 动物 | ％有效百分率 | |
| 处理前 | 32.1 | - | 1.4 | - |
| 处理后周数 | ||||
| 12345678910111213141516 | 1000000000025757775 | 991001001001001001001001001001009999858472 | 0.50.42.89.74.63.15.24.16.410.315.914.621.524.023.021.2 | 819084457584578782615055370225 |
*2个耳牌/动物
表4
内不拉斯加*
| 角蝇 | ||
| 蝇类平均数/ 动物 | ％ 有效百分率 | |
| 处理前 | 248 | - |
| 处理后周数 | ||
| 1234567891011121314151617 | -3649403210549416257586911938523442061 | -86879394799295879091908138452652 |
*1个耳牌/动物
这些研究的结果表明在至少17周内，蝇毒磷和二嗪农从描述于实施例1-3的耳牌装置中，以能够对牛只上的角蝇和秋家蝇提供有效控制的充足量得到释放。
虽然前面为了说明的目的对本发明进行了详细说明，应当认为这些细节仅仅是为了该目的。本领域技术人员在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可做出各种变化，但要受到权利要求的限制。
Claims (20)
1.附着在动物上的昆虫控制装置，该装置能在长达约4个月内有效地释放昆虫控制剂，其包含由蝇毒磷和二嗪农、聚氯乙烯和增塑剂的混合物形成的模塑制品。
2.权利要求1的装置，其中蝇毒磷和二嗪农存在的量为装置总重的约10-约60wt％。
3.权利要求2的装置，其中蝇毒磷和二嗪农存在的量为装置总重的约30-约50wt％。
4.权利要求1或2的装置，其中所述制品的形式为耳牌。
5.权利要求2的装置，其中蝇毒磷存在的量为装置总重的约3-约30wt％。
6.权利要求2的装置，其中二嗪农存在的量为装置总重的约10-约30wt％。
7.权利要求2的装置，其中聚氯乙烯存在的量为装置总重的约30-约70wt％。
8.权利要求7的装置，其中增塑剂存在的量为装置总重的约0-约30wt％。
9.权利要求8的装置，其中的增塑剂选自对苯二甲酸酯，癸二酸酯，己二酸酯，氢化多酚，烷基化芳烃和聚酯。
10.权利要求7的装置，其中待成型的混合物还包括至多为约5wt％的稳定剂。
11.权利要求10的装置，其中待成型的混合物还包括至多为约5wt％的颜料或色淀。
12.权利要求11的装置，其中所述制品的形式为耳牌。
13.权利要求1的装置，其中蝇毒磷存在的量为装置总重的约3-约30wt％，二嗪农存在的量为装置总重的约10-约30wt％，聚氯乙烯存在的量为装置总重的约30-约70wt％，增塑剂存在的量为约0-约30wt％，基于装置总重计。
14.权利要求13的装置，其中所述制品的形式为耳牌。
15.权利要求13的装置，其中待成型的混合物还包括至多为约5wt％的稳定剂。
16.权利要求15的装置，其中待成型的混合物还包括至多为约5wt％的颜料或色淀。
17.处理牲畜以控制昆虫的方法，包含将权利要求1的装置附着在待处理的动物耳部的步骤。
18.权利要求17的方法，其中的牲畜包括牛、羊、猪和马。
19.处理牲畜以控制昆虫的方法，包含将权利要求4，12或14中任意一项的装置附着在待处理的动物耳部的步骤。
20.权利要求19的方法，其中的牲畜包括牛、羊、猪和马。
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| CN100398599C (zh) * | 2006-10-07 | 2008-07-02 | 常熟市金牧药业有限公司 | 宠物除虫项圈材料及用该材料制作除虫项圈的方法 |
| CN102300457B (zh) * | 2009-01-29 | 2016-04-27 | 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 | 高载量活性成分的农药控制设备 |
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| US20100095900A1 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2010-04-22 | Wyeth Llc | Device and method for controlling insects |
| US9955683B2 (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2018-05-01 | Ameriag | Insecticidal apparatus and methods |
| WO2019195883A1 (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-17 | Glenn Andrew Bradshaw | Animal treatment apparatus, block, and method of use |
| EP3993618A4 (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2022-09-14 | Solano S.P. Ltd. | FLEA AND TICK COLLAR WITH SLOW RELEASE |
| WO2022040647A1 (en) | 2020-08-17 | 2022-02-24 | Herddogg, Inc. | Tag based administration of pharmaceutical agents to livestock |
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| DE4417742A1 (de) | 1994-05-20 | 1995-11-23 | Bayer Ag | Nicht-systemische Bekämpfung von Parasiten |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100398599C (zh) * | 2006-10-07 | 2008-07-02 | 常熟市金牧药业有限公司 | 宠物除虫项圈材料及用该材料制作除虫项圈的方法 |
| CN102300457B (zh) * | 2009-01-29 | 2016-04-27 | 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 | 高载量活性成分的农药控制设备 |
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| JP2005501539A (ja) | 2005-01-20 |
| HRP20040297A2 (en) | 2005-04-30 |
| HUP0401520A2 (hu) | 2004-12-28 |
| HUP0401520A3 (en) | 2006-01-30 |
| NO20040807L (no) | 2004-05-21 |
| AR036377A1 (es) | 2004-09-01 |
| AU2002329881B2 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| ZA200401518B (en) | 2005-03-10 |
| EP1422998A1 (en) | 2004-06-02 |
| RU2004109509A (ru) | 2004-11-10 |
| US20040202690A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
| BR0212053A (pt) | 2004-08-17 |
| WO2003020020A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
| IL160165A0 (en) | 2004-07-25 |
| NZ531384A (en) | 2005-08-26 |
| MXPA04001578A (es) | 2004-07-08 |
| BR0212053B1 (pt) | 2012-08-21 |
| CO5560513A2 (es) | 2005-09-30 |
| CA2458570A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
| US7713537B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 |
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