CN1538545A - Controllable metal fuel battery - Google Patents

Abstract

Device of metallic fuel battery of self-controlled supply of electric energy active material includes group of metallic fuel batteries, box for batteries, case for storing electrolyte, draft tube, catheter and bracket for case. Features of the battery are long electric supply time and short time for adding electric energy active material, suitable to dynamic power supply and small type power station.

Description

Controllable metal fuel cell

The invention relates to a metal fuel cell capable of self-controlling the supply of electric energy active substances, belonging to the technical field of energy.

The structure of various fuel cells in the prior art, such as alkaline hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, phosphoric acid hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell and proton exchange membrane hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, is characterized in that electrodes, diaphragms, current collecting plates and electrocatalyst layers are made of various composite materials, because the fuel cells need to continuously feed fuel and oxidant into the electrode plate flow field with complex structure in the cells and timely remove water as a reaction product when working, the traditional technology requires that the fuel and oxidant used by the fuel cells are all fluid, namely gas and liquid, the most common fuel is pure hydrogen, various gases rich in hydrogen (such as reformed gas) and some liquid (such as methanol aqueous solution), the most common oxidant is pure oxygen, purified air and the like and some liquid (such as aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid), and because the cell structure is complex, the hydrogen production cost is high, and the manufacturing of the electrode plates and the electrode plates leads to high overall cost of the fuel cell, when the hydrogen storage tank is applied to an electric vehicle, the development and popularization of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell are restricted because the hydrogen storage tank carried along with the vehicle has certain danger and huge investment is needed for building and supplementing hydrogen stations along the road.

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and on the basis of fully understanding, analyzing and recognizing the structural characteristics of a fuel cell and restricting the fundamental reasons of research, development and practicability of the fuel cell and an electric vehicle thereof, the essence of the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell is that the energy level of fuel oxidation (losing electrons) is greatly reduced and the energy level of oxidant (such as oxygen) reduction (obtaining electrons) is slightly increased, wherein the energy level difference performs external work and is released in the form of heat energy, based on the recognition, the invention changes the technical requirement of the traditional fuel cell on fuel requirement as fluid, proposes to adopt solid substances, particularly active metal in the solid substances as the fuel of the fuel cell, adopt alkaline or acidic liquid or salt solution as electrolyte, pure oxygen or purified air or common air or certain liquids (such as aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid) as oxidant, the fuel and the electrolyte are easy to prepare, easy to store, capable of being replaced at any time, safe to transport, easy to popularize, easy to be put into practical use and easy to industrialize. The controllable metal fuel cell is the same as hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell in nature, and is characterized by that the fuel is oxidized (losing electrons), the energy level of fuel is reduced, and one portion of said reduced energy level is used for electric power to do work, and another portion of said reduced energy level can produce chemical reaction heat energy, so that when the fuel is produced, for example, the electrolysis of water to obtain hydrogen gas can consume electric energy to raise the energy level of hydrogen ion to obtain high-energy-level hydrogen gas molecule or electrolyze metal compound to raise the energy level of metal ion (reduce) to obtain high-energy-level metal atom or metal simple substance, and these two reciprocal reactions are according to the principle of energy conservation, in which the high-energy-level hydrogen gas molecule and metal atom are essentially the substance carriers of electric energy, and are all the supply substances of electric energy of fuel cell, however, the movable metal possesses stable performance and can be safely stored and transported, and can be used in negative position, The anode plate does not need to be provided with flow field grooves with various shapes, the flow field reaction site is simple, fuel is easy to add, the manufacturing cost is low, and the like, compared with hydrogen, the anode plate has the advantages that the anode plate has more advantages, the hydrogen is more excellent, therefore, from the aspects of reducing social cost and industrialization, movable metal can be judiciously selected to be used as electric fuel of a fuel cell, and metal fuel, electrolyte and reaction products in the fuel cell can be replaced at any time. In order to ensure that the metal fuel cell can supply power for an electric vehicle for a long time and the time for supplementing electric energy to the cell is shortened as much as possible, the metal fuel cell is manufactured into an integrated box-type structure from the viewpoint of system integration to form a controllable metal fuel cell, the top of a box body of the controllable metal fuel cell is a controllable fuel adding port, the bottom of the bottom or the side surface of each cell slot in the box body is provided with an electrolyte drainage tube (9) and is connected with a soft conduit (6), the other end of the acid-resistant or alkali-resistant or salt-corrosion-resistant soft conduit (6) is connected with an electrolyte storage box, the electrolyte in the cell slot can be controlled to flow into or out of the cell slot or be replaced by controlling the height of the relative position of the electrolyte storage box (5) and the box body of the controllable metal fuel cell, and after the electric energy of the controllable metal fuel cell is exhausted, the controllable metal fuel cell is formed by combining a box body or a metal fuel cell group in the box body, the metal fuel cell group is formed by combining a cathode electrode plate, an anode electrode plate, a diaphragm, electrolyte, metal fuel and an oxidant, wherein the metal fuel is formed by selecting magnesium, aluminum, manganese, zinc, chromium, iron, nickel, tin, lead, copper and other active metals or alloys thereof in a metal activity sequence table, the electrodes are made of composite materials, the cathode is made of a carbon electrode plate or a graphite electrode plate with stable chemical properties or modified metals such as magnesium, aluminum surface nickel plating and gold plating treatment electrode plates, and the anode is made of a gas diffusion electrode.

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a controllable metal fuel cell using metal fuel particles.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a controllable metal fuel cell using a metal fuel plate.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a controllable metal fuel cell using metal fuel particles, in which (1) the controllable metal fuel cell, (2) the cathode electrode plate with stable chemical properties, (3) the gas diffusion electrode plate, (4) the metal fuel cavity is filled with metal fuel particles, (5) the electrolyte storage box, (6) the flexible electrolyte soft conduit is provided, the upper end of the flexible electrolyte soft conduit is communicated with the electrolyte storage box, the lower end of the flexible electrolyte soft conduit is communicated with a drainage tube (9) at the bottom of the metal fuel cell box or at the bottom of the side surface of the metal fuel cell box, each drainage tube (9) is provided with a controllable valve (10) or is not provided with a controllable valve (10), each soft conduit (6) is respectively communicated with the electrolyte storage box (5) or each soft conduit (6) is communicated with a flexible main conduit, the main conduit is further communicated with the electrolyte storage box (5), and (7) is a storage box transfusion port, the transfusion port is provided with a leakage-proof cover, the (8) is a metal fuel particle filling frame, the frame and the battery box body are of an integral structure or are fixedly arranged on a controllable metal fuel battery box body to prevent particles from rolling and leaking or electrolyte from splashing when the metal fuel particles are filled, the filling frame (8) is not required to be arranged, the metal fuel particles are in a small column shape or an ellipsoid shape or a small block shape or a round ball shape, particularly in a round ball shape, the metal fuel is in an optimal appearance structure, the metal fuel is mainly composed of simple substances or alloys such as magnesium, aluminum, manganese, zinc, chromium, iron, nickel, tin, lead, copper and the like in a movable metal sequence table, the metal fuel particle filling column frame (8) can also contain enough metal fuel particles for standby, the metal fuel battery box port can also be provided withan openable and closable insulated controllable metal fuel cavity gate, the electrolyte can be prevented from splashing outside the box during the movement, and the metal fuel particles inside and outside the fuel cavity can also be isolated, the controllable metal fuel cavity gate is controlled by manual operation or an electromagnetic relay, a fixed bracket or an electrolyte storage box slideway capable of sliding up and down can be further arranged on the side surface of the box body (1) or the upper part and the lower part beside the box body for lifting the storage box or putting down the storage box, when the electrolyte storage box is lowered to be lower than the box body (1) when the metal fuel cell is not used, the electrolyte in the box body (1) flows back to the storage box (5) under the action of gravity, the electrolyte in the box body (1) is separated from the metal fuel, the self-discharge of the metal fuel cell can be effectively prevented, when the metal fuel cell is used, the electrolyte storage box (5) is lifted to ensure that the bottom of the electrolyte storage box is higher than the box opening of the battery box (1) and the electrolyte flows back to each battery cell of the battery box (1), so that the metal fuel, the cathode plate, the anode plate and the electrolytic liquid level are lower than, the electrolyte in each battery jar is separated from each other so as to prevent the battery from self-discharging through the electrolyte, the battery starts to supply power, and the electrolyte is in a normal filling amount; when the concentration of the electrolyte is increased after enough metal fuel is dissolved, and the electrolyte needs to be changed, the storage box (5) is lowered, the box cover is opened, the storage box (5) is dumped, the electrolyte can flow out and be recovered along the infusion port (7), the infusion port (7) is upward after the electrolyte is dumped, the storage box (5) is lifted, and new electrolyte is filled into the box (5) until the normal filling amount position is reached.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a controllable metal fuel cell using metal fuel plates, in which the reference numbers and names of the components are the same as those of FIG. 1, and are not repeated, except that the metal fuel plate (11) is filled in the metal fuel cavity (4), a shallow filling frame (8) or no filling frame (8) is installed at the tank opening of the battery box (1), a grid plate structure box cover with an elastic tightening feed inlet is installed at the metal fuel cavity opening of the battery box (1), a sealing elastic material tightening opening with alkali resistance, acid resistance or salt corrosion resistance is installed at the edge of the feed inlet, when the metal fuel plate is inserted, the elastic material tightening opening is squeezed out of the width of the metal fuel plate and tightened to the metal fuel plate to achieve the purpose of preventing the electrolyte from splashing due to the movement of the box body, the electrolyte storage box (5) will be lifted and lowered when the power supply and discharge are stopped, opening the cover of the storage tank, lowering the storage tank to replace the electrolyte.

A controllable metal fuel cell gas diffusion electrode plate, namely an anode plate, is prepared by heating and pressing a waterproof breathable layer, a catalyst layer and a conductive net into a PTFE type electrode, a polytetrafluoroethylene type electrode and a polyethylene type electrode are arranged according to different water repellents, the waterproof layer is prepared by wetting and mixing activated carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion with a proper amount of ethanol and water respectively, then pressing, rolling, drying, cutting and forming into a polytetrafluoroethylene type electrode plate waterproof layer, the manufacturing steps of the front part of the manufacturing process of the catalyst layer are the same as those of the waterprooflayer, only the mass ratio of the activated carbon to the polytetrafluoroethylene is 3: 1, 2 moles of silver nitrate and 1 mole of mercury nitrate solution are coated on the surface of a cut polytetrafluoroethylene electrode plate, the mixture is dried, 40% of hydrazine hydrate is added at zero ℃ for reduction reaction, and the reacted section is dried for later use, the manufacturing process of the conductive framework comprises the steps of annealing a copper foil with the thickness of 0.1mm in a hydrogen furnace, punching a net, welding a silver foil with the thickness of 0.2mm on the copper net on a spot welder, flattening the copper foil on a punch press, and then electroplating silver, wherein the manufacturing process of the anode of the gas diffusion electrode of the metal fuel cell comprises the steps of putting glycerin-free glass paper into a tabletting mold, sequentially putting a waterproof film, the conductive framework, the waterproof film and a catalytic film, covering the glass paper on the catalytic film, covering a film cover, and heating and pressurizing at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ to 8-10MPa to obtain the anode, of course, a lithiated porous nickel electrode plate can be used as the anode, and the electrocatalyst can also be prepared by plating platinum or nickel or Raney nickel (silver) or nickel boride or cobalt, manganese, silver, platinum-palladium, platinum-gold, nickel-manganese, platinum-nickel, platinum-manganese, platinum-nickel-manganese, activated carbon, The cathode plate of the metal fuel cell is made of carbon, graphite or nickel plate or metal plate with nickel or gold plating on the surface, such as magnesium plate, aluminum plate and other plates which are not easy to be oxidized, the metal fuel is made of metal fuel plate or massive, columnar and spherical particles made of magnesium, aluminum, manganese, zinc, chromium, iron, nickel (used for acid battery), tin, lead, copper and other movable metals in the metal activity order table, or is made of metal powder, metaloxide corresponding to the metal, inorganic and/or organic corrosion inhibitor, adhesive, plant fiber with the mass of 2 percent and PFTE with the mass of 0.5 to 1 percent through mixing with powder, granulating and drying to be made into massive or columnar or spherical metal fuel particles or plates, or only the metal powder or pure metal is added with the inorganic and/or organic corrosion inhibitor and is cast into massive or columnar or spherical metal fuel particles or fuel plates through compression molding or hot melting by a compression molding machine, the metal fuel particles are filled in a metal fuel cavity (4), a gas diffusion electrode plate, namely an anode plate, is coated with a porous gas guide and ion conductive diaphragm prepared by insulating materials, such as a asbestos film (paper), a silicon carbide film or a lithium meta-aluminate film or a vinylon paper or a hydrated cellulose film or a superfine glass fiber felt diaphragm, and the like, so that electrons cannot enter the gas diffusion electrode plate, namely the anode plate, through the diaphragm in electrolyte, and the metal fuel has conductive performance, so that the metal fuel particles or the metal fuel plates in the metal fuel cavity (4) are filled in contact with each other, and electrons can be conducted with each other between the conductive cathode electrode plates in contact with the metal fuel particles or the metal fuel plates, so that the metal fuel particles or the metal fuel plates in the metal fuel cavity can be regarded as extended cathode electrodes in the metal fuel cavity, and the metal fuel of the extended cathode electrodes can be continuously oxidized and can be repeatedly replaced, the metal fuel particles or metal atoms in the fuel plate lose electrons in the oxidation process, the energy level is greatly reduced, the metal ions are changed into metal ions and enter the electrolyte, the current is formed between the metal fuel particles or the fuel plate and the cathode electrode plate and an external circuit to do work outwards, the electrons flow to the anode through a lead of an electric appliance current loop and are subjected to reduction reaction with oxygen molecules of the anode, the energy level of the oxygen molecules is slightly increased to generate hydroxyl ions, and the general chemical reaction formula is expressed as follows: [ O]+ [ R]→ P

And [ O]represents an oxidant [ R]represents a reducing agent, P represents a reaction product e-represents electrons, and the bivalent movable metal fuel is subjected to the separation and combination reaction:

[R]→[R]²⁺+2e

[R]²⁺+[O]+2e→P

[R]+[O]→P

the separation and combination reaction of the trivalent movable metal is as follows:

[R]→[R]+3e

[R]³⁺+[O]+3e→P

[R]+[O]→P

the electrochemical formula of the controllable metal fuel cell is listed below by taking metal zinc as a reducing agent and oxygen as an oxidizing agent as examples and selecting potassium hydroxide as electrolyte:

(-)Zn|KOH|O₂(C)(+)

negative electrode:

and (3) positive electrode:

metal fuel cell reaction:

the electromotive force of the metal fuel cell is

$E={{\mathrm{\φ}}^{\mathrm{\θ}}}_{O_2/{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}}{{\mathrm{\φ}}^{\mathrm{\θ}}}_{\mathrm{ZnO}/\mathrm{Zn}}+\frac{2.303\mathrm{RT}}{\mathrm{nF}}{\log p{o}_2}^{1/2}$

$=0.401-(-1.245)+\frac{0.059}{2}{{\log \mathrm{po}}_2}^{1/2}$

$=1.646+\frac{0.059}{2}{{\log \mathrm{po}}_2}^{1/2}$

When the positive electrode active material is pure oxygen, Po₂＝p^θo₂When the active property of the positive electrode is air, the partial pressure of oxygen is 21% of the atmospheric pressure, so that the value of E is 0.401+ 1.245-1.646V:

$E=1.646+\frac{0.059}{2}{{\log \mathrm{po}}_2}^{1/2}=1.646+0.0295\lg {\left(0.21\right)}^{1/2}=1.636V$

in order to reduce the self-discharge of the metal fuel particles and the fuel plates, a small amount of corrosion inhibitors such as Pb (Ac) and the like can also be added into the electrolyte, or no corrosion inhibitor is added into the electrolyte, the corrosion inhibitors added into the metal fuel or the electrolyte are inorganic corrosion inhibitors and organic corrosion inhibitors, the inorganic corrosion inhibitors are composed of indium or tin or aluminum or silver or lead or calcium or mercury oxide, and the organic corrosion inhibitors are composed of 8-nitroquinoline and/or 8-chloroquinoline and/or 4-biphenylcarboxylic acid and/or benzyl tert-butanol and/or 4-biphenyl and/or N-N-diethyl carbobenzamide and/or P-dicycloethylbenzene, triphenylchloromethane and/or saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid containing ethanolamine groups.

The metal fuel of the controllable metal fuel cell can be completely recycled after being used, so that the controllable metal fuel cell is environment-friendly, and the recycling electrochemical formula of the metal fuel zinc is as follows, taking the metal fuel zinc as an example:

in the controllable metal fuel cell, the metal fuel cell group is directly mounted in the cell box body of single-row or two-row or three-row or four-row cell box structure with cell box partition board to form the controllable metal fuel cell with container structure, in the box body the positive pole and negative pole of the cell box are respectively connected with positive pole (positive pole) and negative pole (negative pole) of the cell group, and the positive pole and negative pole of the cell box are respectively connected with positive pole and negative pole leads of motor speed regulator, the inner wall of the cell box is a plane structure plate or two opposite side faces are equipped with mutually parallel vertical grooves for fixing electrode plate cluster, the negative pole plate and positive pole plate can be respectively and independently inserted into the box wall groove, or the cell pole group is integrally inserted into the box body or box wall groove, or lifted out from the box body or its groove, the metal fuel and electrolyte solution can be directly filled into the metal fuel cavity (4) between the negative pole plate and positive pole plate, an electrolyte storage tank (5) with a drainage pipe (9) and a flexible conduit (6) is arranged on one side or two sides of the controllable metal fuel cell of the container structure and is communicated with each cell tank. The battery box cover and the outer wall of the box body (1) are locked and sealed through a movable locking clamp or a movable locking pin (clamp) or a locking quick release or a screw, the outer box body of the box body (1) is provided with a positioning hole or a positioning pin, the bottom surface of the outer part of the box body (1) is flat, and the bottom surface of the inner part of the box body (1) is flat or inclined towards the drainage tube (9).

The controllable metal fuel cell (1) of the invention can also be provided with a peripheral sealing box cover with an air inlet pipe, the box cover and the box body adopt a split-type structure or a rotating shaft flip-type structure, one side or two sides or three sides or four sides between the box cover and the box body are locked by locking quick release or screws, in order to separate a cell reactant from the metal fuel in time, especially when the metal fuel is zinc or aluminum, the method can also regularly supplement excessive electrolyte into the electrolyte so as to convert the generated metal oxide into zincate radicals or meta-aluminate radicals to be dissolved into the electrolyte, and facilitate the reaction product to be discharged out of the electrolyte storage box (5) along with the liquid through a soft conduit (6).

The electrolyte solution is composed of alkaline solution such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide or acid solution such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or salt solution.

The welding of the cathode electrode plate or the anode electrode plate and the metal connecting strip between the adjacent cathode and anode electrode plate electrode groups should be performed from the upper side portion of the adjacent side or the adjacent side of the top end of each electrode plate, especially the upper side portion of the adjacent side, so as to leave the top space of the cathode and anode electrode plates for adding the metal fuel plate or the metal fuel particles.

The upper part of the side surface of each cell tank is provided with an electrolyte filling box (16) with a drainage pipe (9) and a soft guide pipe (6) and/or the bottom of each cell tank or the bottom of the side surface is provided with a drainage pipe (9) with a controllable valve (10), and the additional equipment can be needless to install.

A section of space is reserved between the bottom in the battery cell and the bottoms of the cathode and anode electrode plate clusters, a metal fuel cavity bottom plate which can be lifted and positioned forwards, backwards, leftwards and rightwards and used for fuel keeping and/or reactant discharging is arranged in the space, two sides of the metal fuel cavity bottom plate are connected with a manual or electric controllable lifting and positioning rod, when lifting rods on two sides fall to different heights, the controllable metal fuel cavity bottom plate is inclined towards the direction of a drainage tube (9), an electrolyte storage box (5) is lowered at the same time, and granular reactants can flow out of the electrolyte storage box together with electrolyte along the drainage tube (9) and a soft conduit (6) under the action of gravity.

One of the best embodiments of the invention is a controllable metal fuel cell using metal fuel particles, the cathode is a cathode electrode plate with stable chemical property, the anode is a gas diffusion electrode plate, the metal fuel particles and electrolyte solution are filled in a metal fuel cavity, the bottom of the bottom or the side surface of the controllable metal fuel cell box is communicated with an electrolyte storage box which can move up and down through a bendable soft conduit (6), a straight tubular or funnel-shaped metal fuel filling frame is arranged around the box opening, and the box opening is provided with a sealed insulating box cover with a plate structure or an insulating boxcover with a grid structure and a grid door of the openable metal fuel cavity, thereby forming the controllable metal fuel cell.

The second best embodiment of the invention is a controllable metal fuel cell using metal fuel plate, the cathode is a cathode electrode plate with stable chemical property, the anode is a gas diffusion electrode plate, the metal fuel plate and electrolyte solution are filled in the metal fuel cavity, the bottom of each cell slot or the bottom of the side surface of the controllable metal fuel cell is communicated with an electrolyte storage box which can move up and down through a bendable flexible conduit (6), the box opening is provided with a plate-structured peripheral sealed insulating box cover with an air inlet pipe or a grid-structured insulating box cover with a tightening sealed elastic material cavity door, thus forming the controllable metal fuel cell.

Claims (10)

1. A controllable metal fuel cell is composed of a box body, cathode and anode electrode plate clusters and electrolyte, and is characterized in that the electrode of the controllable metal fuel cell is composed of cathode electrode plate clusters and anode gas diffusion electrode plate clusters which are parallel to each other and are arranged at intervals and have stable chemical properties, a metal fuel cavity (4) is arranged between the adjacent cathode and anode electrode plates, a metal fuel plate or metal fuel particles and electrolyte solution are filled in the metal fuel cavity, a cell tank of a metal fuel cell pack in the box body is directly composed of the box body (1) with a partition plate, a drainage tube (9) is arranged at the bottom of the box body or the bottom of the side face of each cell tank of the controllable metal fuel cell and is connected with a soft guide tube (6), the other end of the soft guide tube (6) is communicated with an electrolyte storage box (5) which can move up and down, a transfusion opening (7) is arranged on the storage box (5) and is provided, forming the controllable metal fuel cell.

2. A method for discharging reaction products of a metal fuel cell is characterized in that when metal fuel is zinc or aluminum, excessive alkaline electrolyte is added into a metal fuel cavity, so that reactants are converted into soluble zincate radicals or meta-aluminate radicals, and the reactants are discharged out of an electrolyte storage box (5) through a soft conduit (6).

3. A controllable metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall of the case of the controllable metal fuel cell is a smooth plate structure or vertical grooves parallel to each other are formed on opposite two sides for fixing electrode plate clusters, the cathode electrode plate of the battery pack in the case of the controllable metal fuel cell is composed of carbon or graphite or nickel plate or magnesium plate or aluminum plate plated with nickel or gold on the surface, the anode is a gas diffusion electrode plate, the metal fuel cavity (4) is filled with replaceable electrolyte solution and metal fuel particles or metal fuel plate, the surface of the metal fuel plate and/or cathode electrode plate is a plane and/or a surface with convex-concave contacts or contact strips, and the metal fuel plate is a solid plate or a plate inside which electrolyte seepage holes are formed along the normal direction and/or the tangential direction of the plate surface.

4. A controllable metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening of the controllable metal fuel cell is equipped with an insulating cover with a grid structure and an openable and closable metal fuel cavity gate, a straight tubular or funnel-shaped metal fuel filling frame is fixed around the opening, and the electrolyte reserve tank (5) can move up and down and be positioned along upper and lower brackets or slideways fixed on or beside the controllable metal fuel tank.

5. A controllable metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening of the controllable metal fuel cell is equipped with a plate-structured peripheral sealing insulating cover with air inlet or a grid-structured cover with elastic tightening inlet, and the electrolyte reserve tank (5) can be moved up and down and positioned along upper and lower brackets or slide ways fixed on the controllable metal fuel tank or on the tank base.

6. A controllable metal fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the anode plate of the gas diffusion electrode plate of the controllable metal fuel cell is composed of a waterproof layer, a catalyst layer and a conductive net, the waterproof layer is made of activated carbon, polytetrafluoroethylene and ethanol, and water is made by wetting, stirring, mixing, drying, rolling, forming and cutting, the catalyst layer is made by brushing a mixed solution of silver nitrate and mercury nitrate on the surface of a cut plate obtained in the same step as the waterproof layer, drying, performing a reduction reaction with hydrazine hydrate, and drying to obtain the catalyst layer, the conductive net is made of copper foil through copper foil and dryingAnnealing, punching, spot welding of silver foil,The anode is prepared by stamping and silver plating, and the anode of the gas diffusion electrode of the controllable metal fuel cell is prepared by sequentially stacking non-glycerol glass paper, a waterproof film, a conductive net, a waterproof film, a catalytic film and cellophane into a tabletting mold, closing afilm cover, heating at 50-60 ℃, and pressurizing (8-10MPa) for molding; or the gas diffusion electrode plate is composed of lithiated porous nickel electrode plate or is prepared by carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on graphite powder and resin or is prepared by bonding platinum/carbon (0.25 mg/cm) with polytetrafluoroethylene²) And carbon paper treated by polytetrafluoroethylene.

7. A controllable metal fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2 or said, characterized in that the metal fuel in the metal fuel cell case is made of metal powder of zinc, magnesium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, nickel, iron, aluminum or copper, metal oxide corresponding to the metal, inorganic corrosion inhibitor or organic corrosion inhibitor, binder, plant fiber with 2% of mass, 0.5% -1% of PTFE emulsion, and powder mixing, granulating, drying, forming, flushing, drying to form massive or columnar or spherical metal fuel particles or metal fuel plates, or only these metal powders or pure metal simple substances or alloys, or adding inorganic corrosion inhibitor or organic corrosion inhibitor to pure metal or alloys to form platy or massive or columnar or spherical metal fuel particles, or metal fuel plates, especially spherical metal fuel particles or metal fuel plates.

8. A controlled metal fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cathode electrode plate cluster terminal (16) and the anode electrode plate cluster terminal (17) and the metal connecting strip (11) connected in series with each other in two adjacent cells are welded to the top end of each electrode plate adjacent to or on the side upper part of the adjacent side, in particular on the side upper part of the adjacent side.

9. The controllable metal fuel cell according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the upper part of the side surface of each cell tank is provided with an electrolyte filling box (16) with a flow guide pipe (9) and a soft guide pipe (6), and/or the bottom of each cell tank or the bottom of the side surface is provided with a flow guide pipe (9) with a controllable valve (10), and/or a space is left between the bottom in the cell tank and the lower bottom of the cathode and anode electrode plate cluster, a metal fuel cavity bottom plate which can be lifted and positioned forwards, backwards, left and right and is used for holding fuel and/or discharging reactants is arranged in the space, the two sides of the metal fuel cavity bottom plate are connected with a manual or electric controllable lifting positioning rod, and the inner bottom of the box body (1) is a flat bottom or an inclined bottom.

10. The controllable metal fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 8, characterized in that each drain tube (9) is provided with a controllable valve (10), each conduit (6) is respectively communicated with the electrolyte storage tank (5) or each conduit (6) is communicated with a main conduit and then communicated with the electrolyte storage tank (5), the main conduit and the branch conduit are flexible conduits, the switch and/or the controllable metal fuel cavity gate of each controllable valve (10) is controlled by manual operation or an electromagnetic relay or an electromagnetic valve, and the lifting of the electrolyte storage tank is controlled by manual operation or an electric motor.