CN107195929B - Button type direct methanol fuel cell - Google Patents
Button type direct methanol fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107195929B CN107195929B CN201710505527.3A CN201710505527A CN107195929B CN 107195929 B CN107195929 B CN 107195929B CN 201710505527 A CN201710505527 A CN 201710505527A CN 107195929 B CN107195929 B CN 107195929B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- layer
- direct methanol
- cathode
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012858 packaging process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of liquid fuel cells, and particularly relates to a button type direct methanol fuel cell which comprises an anode unit, a proton exchange membrane and a cathode unit which are arranged from top to bottom and are all in a circular structure; the anode unit comprises a battery upper cover, a fuel cavity, an anode metal current collecting layer, an anode diffusion layer and an anode catalytic layer which are arranged from top to bottom; an elastic conductive element is arranged in the fuel cavity; the upper cover of the battery is provided with a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet, and the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet are provided with a gas-liquid separation membrane. The button type direct methanol fuel cell provided by the invention has the advantages of no pollution, simple structure, low cost, simple assembly and use and high volume ratio power density.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of liquid fuel cells, and particularly relates to a button type direct methanol fuel cell.
Background
With the continuous innovation and development of microelectronic technology, common button cells gradually cannot keep pace with the updating of electronic products, and meanwhile, the abandoned traditional button cells can cause serious pollution to the environment if being not processed well. The reaction of the methanol fuel in the direct methanol fuel cell and the oxygen in the air is not a combustion reaction, but the chemical energy stored in the methanol fuel is directly converted into the electric energy which is transmitted to an external circuit in an electrochemical reaction mode. The reaction products of the direct methanol fuel cell are water and carbon dioxide, and the direct methanol fuel cell does not pollute the environment. Therefore, the direct methanol fuel cell has the advantages of no pollution, high conversion efficiency, quick start, long service life of the cell, high specific power and specific energy and the like. Fuel cells are being studied in depth in countries around the world such as japan, germany, and the united states. At present, the direct methanol fuel cells used at home and abroad are almost packaged by bolts, the packaging process is complex, the packaging pressure is not easy to control, the volume of the fuel cell is increased after the bolts are applied, and the active area proportion and the volume ratio power density of the cell are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect of the existing liquid fuel cell bolt packaging and provides a button type direct methanol fuel cell.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the aim:
a button type direct methanol fuel cell comprises an anode unit, a proton exchange membrane and a cathode unit which are placed from top to bottom and are all in a circular structure; the anode unit comprises a battery upper cover, a fuel cavity, an anode metal current collecting layer, an anode diffusion layer and an anode catalytic layer which are arranged from top to bottom; an elastic conductive element is arranged in the fuel cavity.
The number of the elastic conductive elements can be 1 or more.
The ratio of the cross-sectional total area of the anode and cathode catalytic layers to the cell is greater than 65%.
The cathode unit comprises a battery lower shell, a cathode metal current collecting layer, a cathode diffusion layer and a cathode catalytic layer which are arranged from bottom to top.
The ring Zhou Jun of the anode metal collector, anode diffusion and cathode diffusion layers is provided with a sealing gasket.
A high polymer insulating layer is arranged between the upper cover of the battery and the anode metal current collecting layer.
The upper cover of the battery is provided with a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet, and a gas-liquid separation membrane is arranged on the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet.
The cathode diffusion layer and the anode diffusion layer can be made of carbon paper, carbon cloth or foam metal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the structure of the invention is round, which is convenient for alignment assembly and encapsulation. While the conventional structure is generally square and is provided with bolt holes at the periphery, the arrangement and alignment of the components are often inconvenient when the battery is assembled.
The elastic conductive element is arranged in the fuel cavity of the anode, has good corrosion resistance, conductivity and pressure maintaining capability, and therefore reduces contact resistance between interfaces of all parts in the battery. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a resilient conductive element of stainless steel is selected. When the battery upper cover is stamped and packaged, the battery upper cover can be deformed to a certain extent, after the packaging is finished, the battery upper cover can recover to be deformed partially, and if the elasticity of the elastic conductive element is insufficient, the interface of each part in the battery, especially the anode metal current collector layer and the battery upper cover, can not be tightly contacted in the deformation process, so that the contact resistance is very large.
In addition, when adopting bolt pretension in traditional packaging structure, in order to guarantee that the battery internal pressure is even, battery upper cover, current collector layer and fuel chamber all can adopt thicker structure, this thickness and cross-sectional area that will lead to traditional bolt packaging battery increase, and the volume also can increase thereupon. The invention adopts button structure, and uses the deformation of the high polymer insulating layer extruded by the battery lower shell and the battery upper cover for packaging. The proportion of the effective active area in the button type direct methanol fuel cell is far higher than that of the traditional bolt-packaged cell, so that the volume specific power density of the cell is greatly increased. And when in punching packaging, the stress of the battery is uniform, and the packaging is simple and quick.
Meanwhile, as the preferable area shape of the anode metal current collecting layer is the same as that of the anode diffusion layer, the anode metal current collecting layer is also sealed by a sealing gasket, and the contact area between the anode diffusion layer and the anode metal current collecting layer is not reduced, and the short circuit phenomenon is not generated.
In a word, the invention provides a button type direct methanol fuel cell which has the advantages of no pollution, simple structure, low cost, simple assembly and use and high volume ratio power density.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a button direct methanol fuel cell of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric cross-sectional view of a button direct methanol fuel cell of the present invention;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic explosion diagrams of button-type direct methanol fuel cells of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a graph of the component size versus the catalytic layer size of a button direct methanol fuel cell of the present invention versus the component size versus the catalytic layer size of a conventional bolted methanol fuel cell;
fig. 6 shows voltage-current curves and power-current curves of a coin-type direct methanol fuel cell of the present invention.
Wherein: the fuel cell comprises a 1-cell upper cover, a 2-polymer insulating layer, a 3-elastic conductive element, a 4-anode metal current collecting layer, a 5-sealing gasket, a 6-anode diffusion layer, a 7-cathode diffusion layer, an 8-cathode metal current collecting layer, a 9-cell lower shell, a 10-cathode catalytic layer, a 11-proton exchange membrane, a 12-anode catalytic layer, a 13-fuel gas outlet, 14-generated small bubbles, a 15-methanol fuel solution, a 16-fuel cavity and a 17-gas-liquid separation membrane.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and preferred embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the technical solutions of the present invention.
FIGS. 1-4 show a button type direct methanol fuel cell, which is characterized by comprising an anode unit, a proton exchange membrane 11 and a cathode unit which are arranged from top to bottom; the anode unit comprises a battery upper cover 1, a fuel cavity 16, an anode metal current collecting layer 4, an anode diffusion layer 6 and an anode catalytic layer 12 which are arranged from top to bottom; the fuel cavity is internally provided with an elastic conductive element 3. A polymer insulating layer 2 is arranged between the upper cover 1 of the battery and the anode metal current collecting layer 4. The number of the elastic conductive elements can be 1 or more. Preferably, two are possible. Fig. 1 shows that the diameter size of the lower case of the battery is 19.8mm, the overall thickness of the battery is 3.9mm, the diameter size of the fuel cavity is 16.5mm, and the diameter sizes of the cathode catalyst layer, the anode catalyst layer, the cathode diffusion layer, the anode diffusion layer and the anode current collector layer are 16mm. Since the parallel circuit can reduce the resistance while taking into account the thickness of the battery itself, two 0.5×4×5mm (wire diameter×outer diameter×original height) spring conductive elements are preferable in this embodiment.
The cathode unit comprises a battery lower shell 9, a cathode metal current collecting layer 8, a cathode diffusion layer 7 and a cathode catalytic layer 9 which are arranged from bottom to top. The anode metal current collecting layer and the cathode metal current collecting layer are made of stainless steel metal net or stainless steel plate plated with TiN coating. Considering the thickness of the fuel cavity and the total thickness of the button direct methanol fuel cell, a 60-mesh stainless steel wire mesh is selected, the circumferences of the anode metal current collecting layer, the anode diffusion layer and the cathode diffusion layer are all provided with sealing gaskets 5, and the sizes of the anode metal current collecting layer and the anode diffusion layer are consistent. The upper cover of the battery is provided with a fuel inlet and outlet 13, and the fuel inlet and outlet is provided with a gas-liquid separation membrane 17. The cathode diffusion layer and the anode diffusion layer can be made of carbon paper, carbon cloth or foam metal.
Fig. 5 shows a comparison of the component size and the catalytic layer size of the button type direct methanol fuel cell of the present invention and the component size and the catalytic layer size of the conventional bolt methanol fuel cell. It can be seen from the figure that the ratio of the area of the catalytic layer to the total cross-sectional area of the cell in the button structure was 65.3%, whereas the ratio of the area of the catalytic layer to the total cross-sectional area of the cell in the conventional structure was 28.3%. The ratio of the area of the active catalytic layer to the total cross section area of the cell is more than 65%, and the effective catalytic area ratio in the button type direct methanol fuel cell is 2.3 times higher than that in the traditional structure.
Fig. 6 shows that the black filled curve obtained in this example is a voltage-current curve of a button type direct methanol fuel cell, and the unfilled curve represents a power-current curve. The highest output power of the battery was found to be 20.5mW by the curve. According to the dimensions of fig. 1, the volume of the battery is 1.2cm 3 The volume specific power density was 17.1mW/cm 3 。
The packaging principle of the invention is punching packaging, and the macromolecule insulating layer 2 is pressed together by the upper pressure and the sealing gasket 5 around the anode metal current collecting layer; the polymer insulating layer 2 is extruded by the lower shell of the peripheral battery, and the deformation of the polymer insulating layer makes the upper cover and the lower shell of the battery fixed together. The sealing gasket 5 plays a role in sealing and fixing. The pressure applied to the upper cell cover 1 causes the elastic conductive element 3 to be deformed under pressure and applies pressure to the anode wire mesh 4, so that the anode metal current collecting layer 4, the anode diffusion layer 5, the anode catalyst layer 12, the proton exchange membrane 11, the cathode catalyst layer 10, the cathode diffusion layer 7, the cathode metal current collecting layer 8 and the lower cell case 9 are pressed together. The cathode diffusion layer 7, the anode diffusion layer 6, the cathode catalytic layer 10, the anode catalytic layer 12 and the proton exchange membrane 11 form a membrane electrode.
When the upper cell cover 1 and the lower cell shell 9 are connected with load, the methanol fuel cell discharges, and methanol solution 15 injected into the fuel cavity from the fuel inlet and outlet 13 is uniformly dispersed on the upper surface of the anode diffusion layer 6 through the anode metal current collecting layer 4, and then uniformly dispersed on the surface of the anode catalytic layer 12 through the porous structure of the anode diffusion layer 6, and carbon dioxide small bubbles 14, hydrogen ions and electrons are generated by reaction in the anode catalytic layer 12: CH (CH) 3 OH+H 2 O→CO 2 +6H + +6e - While oxygen in the air uniformly reaches the cathode catalyst layer through the pores of the lower cell case 9 and the cathode metal collector layer 8 and the cathode diffusion layer 7, and electrons introduced from the anode to the cathode through the external circuit react with hydrogen ions passing through the proton exchange membrane from the anode to form water: o (O) 2 +4e - +4H + →2H 2 O. The carbon dioxide small bubbles generated by the anode reaction float to the upper part of the fuel cavity 16 to be gathered, and are discharged from the fuel inlet and outlet 13 through the gas-liquid separation membrane 17, while the fuel is blocked in the fuel cavity 16. The cathode generated water is discharged through the pores of the cathode diffusion layer 7, the cathode metal collector layer 8, and the battery lower case 9.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments, but rather, the foregoing embodiments and description illustrate the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The button type direct methanol fuel cell is characterized by comprising an anode unit, a proton exchange membrane and a cathode unit which are placed from top to bottom and are all in a circular structure; the anode unit comprises a battery upper cover, a fuel cavity, an anode metal current collecting layer, an anode diffusion layer and an anode catalytic layer which are arranged from top to bottom; an elastic conductive element is arranged in the fuel cavity;
the number of the elastic conductive elements is 1 or more;
the cathode unit comprises a battery lower shell, a cathode metal current collecting layer, a cathode diffusion layer and a cathode catalytic layer which are arranged from bottom to top.
2. The button direct methanol fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the active catalytic area of the cell to the total cross-sectional area of the cell is greater than 65%.
3. The coin-type direct methanol fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the anode metal current collector, anode diffusion layer and cathode diffusion layer rings Zhou Jun are provided with sealing gaskets.
4. The button type direct methanol fuel cell as in claim 1, wherein a polymer insulating layer is provided between the upper cell cover and the lower cell case.
5. The button type direct methanol fuel cell as set forth in claim 1, wherein the upper cover of the cell is provided with a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet, and a gas-liquid separation membrane is disposed on the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet.
6. The button type direct methanol fuel cell as in claim 1, wherein the cathode diffusion layer and the anode diffusion layer are made of carbon paper, carbon cloth or foam metal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710505527.3A CN107195929B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | Button type direct methanol fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710505527.3A CN107195929B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | Button type direct methanol fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107195929A CN107195929A (en) | 2017-09-22 |
| CN107195929B true CN107195929B (en) | 2024-01-30 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710505527.3A Active CN107195929B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | Button type direct methanol fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN107195929B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110492157A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-22 | 天津科技大学 | Tubular methanol fuel cell |
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