CN1524823A - Kiln transformation products burned from earthen wares and producing method thereof - Google Patents
Kiln transformation products burned from earthen wares and producing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artistic earthenware and process for making it, wherein the raw material constituents of the earthenware comprises purple mud, hard quality clay and purple stoneware, while the making process comprises the steps of raw material pre-processing, weighing, wet ball grinding, filtering, deposition, filter-pressing, mud condensing, fermentation, second mud condensing, obtaining the moldable blank material, forming by rolling or spinning, engraving, dehydration, burning in kiln, gradient thermal insulation, burnishing, waxing, obtaining the furnace transmutation pottery product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pottery production method, particularly have the pottery and the production method thereof of higher artistic value.
Background technology
Firing pottery is human civilization progressive symbol, be that secondary is bright with the another incident that is with historically new significance since the fire on the human history, since the sixties in 20th century, in the archaeological work of China of East Asia Region, Far-east Area of Russia, the epoch of all having found were early than the pottery in 10,000 years.In recent years, 10000 years Fairy Caves, Guilin Miao Yan, Dao County, Hunan Yu Chanyan, Yangyuan County, Hebei have found early stage pottery again to the archaeological work person of China priority in ruins, many places such as tame ditch in Jiangxi.Measure through multiple scientific approach, before and after its age the earliest can reach 1.7 ten thousand years, proved that China is one of area of invention pottery the earliest, in primitive society, the mankind enter into the Plain life from forest, have invented prepared food; Thereafter, invented native pottery ware again as the instrument that boils food, the ceramic vessel just grow up at leisure.The innovation and creation of pottery ware have been write down people and have been entered the prepared food epoch from eating the epoch raw.The development of pottery approximately experienced primitive society, slave society, in life and production practice, the pottery product spread out and have stretched out the porcelain product, have enriched people's material life and cultural life more.The porcelain product are that to be based upon what develop on the basis of pottery product be to burn till the product that colourful picture obtains beautiful artistic effect with the glazing coloured silk on the surface of ceramic base.Pottery and porcelain have obtained fast development in feudal society and capitalist society, it is writing down the life picture of the humanity, history, geography, natural conditions and social customs of a place, human feelings, custom or the like in each epoch with various artistic designs and form of culture, for people are passing on historical culture and historical art.Up to entering modern society, to go through more than 10,000 year, it has write down culture, the artistic characteristics in each epoch, for we provide mirror ancient culture, artistic foundation of looking for one's roots, is human culture, artistic progressive " milestone ".
The pottery in successive dynasties and porcelain all have characteristic separately, the person of firing always tries hard to its artistry and liveliness proof are combined, in order to obtain the high-grade product, people experience many experiments and research, from seeking characteristic pottery success and the failure many times, the transmutation of porcelain is exactly the elaboration that people obtain in the kiln of failure.
The transmutation of document record at present generally is meant the transmutation of porcelain; it is that porcelain glaze when firing of containing glaze makes a kind of on certain fusing point or some kinds of glazes fuse; the muffle painting that comprises multiple pigment that causes the variation of structure of matter combination and produce under flow state changes; became in good super day; estimable; have very high aesthetic value, regular meeting produces beyond thought artistic effect.Transmutation Ancient Chinese generation just the someone find this phenomenon, in the Song dynasty, the transmutation of pottery glaze has just been arranged, the Song dynasty is the important stage on China's pottery development history, " an ancient unit of weight, you, official, brother, fixed " each tool artistic characteristics of five your name's kilns has been created the model's works on many ceramic development histories.An ancient unit of weight kiln is come forth in large number the famous expert, produce under the historical conditions of groups of stars' brilliance, and it is world-famous for the opalescence phosphorus phosphorus of " The sky clears after the rain general red rosy clouds, the purple kingfisher of the setting sun is neglected into haze ", " transmutation " glaze colours as the blue sky rosy clouds, and the ceramic connoisseur in China and foreign countries is praised highly by the successive dynasties.Experimental result through the advanced ceramics scholar proves, the generation of an ancient unit of weight glaze transmutation effect, the chemical constitution of main and glaze and the liquid-liquid phase separation structure and the milkiness phenomenon that produce, and iron in the glaze, the colour generation of copper is relevant, and phase separation structure is relevant with firing temperature and atmosphere with milkiness phenomenon and colour generation, that is to say, the key of pottery transmutation, be to use specific raw material, reasonably glaze is formed and unique process for calcining, because transmutation is very rare, just occurs 1-2 product in several sometimes kilns, and when transmutation takes place, whole kiln porcelain is except obtaining 1 transmutation product, and most of products all may be scrapped, so the transmutation product in ancient times is precious all the more.
In present stage, the ceramic science men are in order to obtain the transmutation product of this fineness, many researchs have been carried out, report as Chinese science and technology achievement communique, a kind of irony black matrix glaze and two or three kind of cover-coat enamel that the Silicate Research and Design Inst., Shandong Prov utilizes this achievement to provide, the variation of the glazing skill and technique that provides by this achievement can form blue an ancient unit of weight, the writing brush made of rabbit's hair, tiger fur, hawksbill turtle spot, fireworks display, lively, the with countless changes transmutation fancy glaze of a series of flow liners such as Tang Jun, unregistered land Tang Jun, leopard flower in vain.With animal, the personage's porcelain carving that such fancy glaze is decorated, lifelike image, life-like, the simple and unsophisticated elegance of the vessel of decoration, the other tool elegance of the picture of on plate or face brick, doing, such glaze also can be used to the decorative art pottery and makes ceramic mural etc.; Chinese science and technology periodical " Shandong pottery " 2002,25 (3) has been published Zibo beautiful Feng pottery company limited and has been utilized the phase separation of TiO2 and the characteristic of appraising at the current rate, and having obtained several TiO2 preferably by a large amount of tests is the transmutation fancy glaze; Beijing Institute of Clothing Tech's industrial art ties up to " Chinese pottery " 2001,37 (4) and has delivered the method that they adopt imitated experiment, with common raw material and modern kiln firing technology, reproduces the transmutation artistic effect of Song dynasty pottery glaze with advanced ceramics production.Experimental result proves, the generation of an ancient unit of weight glaze transmutation effect, the chemical constitution of main and glaze and the liquid-liquid phase separation structure and the milkiness phenomenon that produce, and the colour generation of iron, copper is relevant in the glaze, and phase separation structure is relevant with firing temperature and atmosphere with milkiness phenomenon and colour generation; In addition, Jiangxi Province Arts and Crafts Research Institute is at " Jiangxi chemical industry " 1998, (4) deliver " application of the dangerous reduction reaction of cupric oxide in silicate ", its method is to utilize cupric oxide to be green under oxydizing flame, the reaction mechanism that under reducing flame, takes on a red color, both are organically combined, reach the effect of transmutation glaze.Chinese patent 00104574 discloses a kind of art ceramics of heavy pigment figure line glaze, be to hack in transmutation to hang up a kind of dark streakline glaze on the pottery earlier, driedly slightly hang up a kind of light streakline glaze again, and temperature of fusion is lower than 20 ℃-30 ℃ in dark glaze, go into kiln, firing under dark glaze temperature of fusion and form, all is two kinds of colors at the streakline of ceramic surface.
Through the retrieval public publication, the transmutation of being put down in writing only is a porcelain, finds no the transmutation product of pottery, and the transmutation phenomenon does not generally take place pottery.
Why does not transmutation generally take place in pottery? we at first talk about from the firing temperature of pottery, situation from the archaeology excavation, the early stage pottery of having found mostly is the burning into sand pottery greatly, tyre sidewall is generally thicker, firing temperature is lower, roughly between 600-800 ℃, china clay material is generally gathered materials on the spot, mainly choose clay, what have selects purple mud for use, boccaro, chemical feedstocks is generally silicon-dioxide, aluminum oxide, a spot of ferric oxide and lime carbonate, magnesium oxide etc., not glazing of surface, the time in kiln is also shorter, so burn till finished product liquid-liquid phase separation structure and milkiness situation can not take place.
With China's yixing purple sand pottery is example, and the chemical ingredients of boccaro raw material is unique, and clay mineral content accounts for 85%, and detrital mineral content accounts for 15% (quartz accounts for 1%, flour sand accounts for 9%, and other accounts for 5%).Block matter is pure, sees that a small amount of mica flake and sallow are little of point, the silty clay structure.Color mainly contains purple, redness, yellow and green its outward appearance and is red-purple or hyacinthine, again because its unique manual operation, select the color of purple clay for use according to the characteristic of product, and less dry shrinkage, higher green strength is for diversified moulding provides good processing condition.But the reason of the boccaro raw material in Yixing, even elevated temperature and change operational condition, the transmutation phenomenon also can not take place in the boccaro in Yixing.
Other geographic clay is made pottery or sand is made pottery, and also owing to the condition of raw material and firing temperature, the phenomenon of transmutation can not take place also.
Technology contents
The inventor is in secular working practice, chemical ingredients to pottery is analyzed comparison, and various sintering technology conditions are explored, many failure lessons have been experienced, adopt brand-new pottery method for cooking, carry out well-designed test, make average every kiln have the pottery more than 80% to have the quality of transmutation pottery.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The material composition of pottery comprises purple mud and flint clay, boccaro, other mineral, and its component and percent by weight content are as follows:
Purple mud: 20-50%
Flint clay 20-45%
Boccaro 10-25%
Other mineral 5-20%
Described purple mud is taken from the Zi Nikuang of city east, Qiezhou, Guangxi, the purple mud mining area of city east, Qiezhou, Guangxi, be exactly that people are engaged in the place of firing the processing pottery since ancient times, the pottery products production has history in 1400, at present, domestic earthenware product as watt cylinder, watt pot, teapot etc. are one of local major industry industries, about 1,700,000,000 m of purple mud ore reserves
3About, reserves are abundant, its shale exquisiteness, and softness, plasticity-is good, and leaded, cadmium amount is below 0.0004 ‰, and through using chemical process and Instrument measuring, the chemical ingredients of purple mud is: SiO
252-70%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
33-8%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O0.1-0.5 also has a spot of CaO, Na
2O etc.As long as other place meets above-mentioned condition, also can select for use.
Flint clay is the higher earth of a kind of iron-holder, the external appearance characteristic compact mass, and what have has a small amount of irony to infect along aspect, be red-purple, hardness is below 2.5 degree, and plasticity and associativity are relatively poor, after burning under 1150 ℃ of temperature, be garnet, shrink greatlyyer than purple mud slightly during sintering, be used with purple mud, can adjust colour generation after the burning of product, and solved the excessive problem of purple mud viscosity, and having adapted to the requirement of production technique, the chemical ingredients of this flint clay is: SiO
250-68%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
35-10%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5 also has a spot of CaO, Na
2O etc.
Boccaro can be chosen according to the situation of various places, because boccaro has shades of colour, adds fashionable the need and considers that the chemical ingredients various places of boccaro are all similar substantially, generally with SiO
2And Al
2O
3Be main, also contain elements such as iron, calcium, potassium.
Other mineral are chosen as the case may be, mainly contain potassium felspar sand (K
2O, Al
2O
36SiO
2), Wingdale (CaCO
3), rhombspar (CaCO
3MgCO
3) and contain the ore of elements such as iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, add potassium felspar sand (K
2O, Al
2O
36SiO
2), Wingdale (CaCO
3), rhombspar (CaCO
3MgCO
3) be for pottery provides skeleton, the ore that adds elements such as iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, zinc, tin, nickel is to make pottery that multicoloured color be arranged.
Below be the production method of this clearly demarcated pottery:
The production method of this clearly demarcated pottery and traditional pottery production method are basic identical, and following step is all arranged:
1, raw materials pretreatment, earlier with purple mud and flint clay, boccaro, other mineral carry out wet ball mill again by required prescription weighing, sieve, and precipitation, press filtration are put in the pulp storage tank and are in store for.
Above flow scheme is the specification of quality according to product, property of raw material and appointed condition are formulated, because the slurry viscosity height that the big ball milling of being produced of blank viscosity goes out must can sieve behind the thin up, sieve the back by the precipitation dehydration, make the slurry retrogradation, shorten time of filter pressing, otherwise time of filter pressing is long, original equipment does not satisfy throughput, promptly will increase filtering equipment, so just increase investment cost, the advantage of this scheme is exactly to reduce the investment cost of filtering equipment.
2, blank preparation is removed out slurry from pulp storage tank, is put into and refines mud in the soil kneader, deposits fermentation 1-2 days, is put into to carry out secondary refining mud in ground in the soil kneader again, obtains plastic mass.
Why slurry to be put into and carry out refining mud in the soil kneader twice? because the tissue through the mud cake that press filtration obtained is uneven, and contains a lot of air.Uneven pug is dry and can produce inhomogeneous contraction when burning till.And the existence of air not only reduces the plasticity-of pug, also can cause as generation of defects such as bubble, layering, crackles.The vacuum tightness of the general vacuum chamber of vacuum deairing machine should remain on about 650 millimeter of mercuries, and the water content of the blank of practising will be in 29～30% scope.
And fermentation can impel the uniform distribution of moisture in the pug, can also pass through microbial process simultaneously in ferment system process, impels organic rotting, and produces organic acid, and the plasticity-of pug is further improved.
3, moulding, the method for moulding has following several:
1. rolling forming
Roll extrusion divides two kinds of die moulding and punch moulding, and is sliding outer thicker in the die moulding, otherwise punch is shaped.The characteristics of rolling forming are base substrates through " milled head " rotation (or not rotating) intensified pressure, make base substrate reach preferably intensity and uniformly to density, the qualification rate of assurance moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake.Be mainly used in large batch of more cups and dishes veriety, mostly be and produce the simple moulding of body.
2. rotary press modelling
Spun type is to utilize gypsum mold to rotate on the winch machine, extrude the desired thickness and the moulding made-up article of base substrate with the cutter of solid irregularly control, cut unnecessary pug behind the mould spinning, go up mold removal from " wheel head " and place the dry demoulding, we are at present based on rotary press modelling, determinative be pug institute extremely, the purple mud viscosity of employing is big, plastic performance is good.Therefore aspect rotary press modelling, formed self speciality, the kind that tea set, Arts are complicated.Adopt rotary press modelling in the same old way.
3. injection forming (drain casting, solid casting)
Utilize the characteristics of gypsum mold suction, the mud for preparing is injected in the gypsum mold, the mud that makes the contact internal mold with unnecessary pouring out, waits to be adsorbed on the body drying demoulding in the plaster mould when certain hour reaches thickness, be applicable to large batch of variety production.
4. solid casting method
Solid casting is that mud is injected the gypsum mold of determining base shape, and the distance between the mould is its thickness, and mud contact die face is bigger, and the slip casting process is finished comparatively fast, is mainly used to pour into a mould the flat daily utensil or the annex of some implements.
5. drain casting method
Drain casting is more solid, and slip casting is simple, because of mud instead contacts with a surface of mould.The thickness of base substrate depends on the time length that mud stops in model, the tricky product of moulding use the drain casting moulding uneven with the flower face usually, and the complicated dish body of moulding all adopts the drain casting moulding.
In actual mechanical process, every pottery product all must be subjected to the restriction of pottery craft material and technology manufacturing technology, just can not work it out with the imagination.A design, fibrous root be according to certain material, by various technology approach (comprising moulding, decoration and material processing), especially makes amendment in forming technique process (comprising molding) and perfect, and the goods of producing anticipation at last come.Therefore, moulding is just simple technology making not, but finishes an important step of pottery product design.Understand the performance and the characteristics of process materials, grasp necessary Technology and skill method, could produce ideal pottery product better.
4, engraving, one of characteristics of pottery, the decorative effect of engraving and effect.
Pottery be with the variation in moulding of itself and the sense of mud chromaticness to recently showing its decorative effect, but as the main decoration technique of pottery still by sculptured ornament.It in the pottery Production Flow Chart an independently work post.Artistic carving makes pottery have the exquisiteness of decoration, and is simple and unsophisticated quiet and tastefully laid out, has won fame both at home and abroad with its unique style.
1. artistic carving is one of characteristics of pottery.On the half-finished base substrate of pottery, carve out the literal and the figure of poem, drawing with sharp knife, utilize natural potter's clay white clay look to decorate again.Be to compile literature, calligraphy, all art of drawing seal cutting in unique decorative form of one, the intensive national style is arranged, the pottery portrayal is decorated, and has the moulding of combining closely, and decorates the characteristics of firmly never fading.
2. sculpture
With the sculpture works that pottery mud process materials is made, garden carving and embossment two major types are arranged.The pottery sculpture is different with general sculpture, because contraction and the distortion of blank in firing formed the technique of expression that is different from general sculpture, pays attention to summarizing and emphasizing feature.Adapt to formed in mould requirement, pottery not glazing of surface, for the sculpture of pottery has caused an irregular limitation, but thick thinless novel material shale, be deep blue dark purple color and the plasticity-that the volume sense is arranged, just in time for the condition of putting the abundant imagination to good use is provided on sculpture sculpting more.
5, drying, drying is meant utilizes extraneous thermal source (dry air that temperature is higher or sunlight and other thermal source) that heat is passed to billet surface, after billet surface obtains heat, moisture content evaporates immediately, and to external diffusion, cause that moisture content is inconsistent in the base substrate, moisture content will be diffused into the outside internally and diffuse the purpose that reaches dry preforms the air from the outer General Logistics Department again.
Various pottery base substrates after the moulding, general moisture higher, very yielding or not high damaged easily because of intensity, especially pottery has significantly different, for example too high as if pottery base substrate water content with other pottery art goods, after blank enters kiln, phenomenon must take place seriously to burst, so the pottery blank must carry out drying before going into kiln, make blank moisture content be lower than 8%, preferably can reach 1～2%.
The exsiccant kind comprises following several:
1. heated air seasoning, comprising: cell-type drying, chain type drying, rapid drying.
2. radiant drying (ultra red ray drying).
3. aeration drying is leaned on natural-wind dry and fan drying.
4. suning method shines under when fine product being moved to the sun.
6, fire, the series of physical chemical reaction takes place in base substrate under high temperature action, and last apparent porosity approaches zero, reaches the porcelain phenomenon of complete densification, is referred to as sintering, and the technological process that makes the base substrate porcelainization is burning till.
The burning: so composition in the fuel and the rapid chemical combination of airborne oxygen and produce light and phenomenon.
The equipment of firing can be electrical kiln, tunnel furnace, gas fired kiln, pushed bat kiln, flammable composition in the demanded fuel fuel that is adopted and the rapid chemical combination of airborne oxygen and produce light and phenomenon.Can emit heat, and flammable charcoal thing fuel does not contain harmful material for pottery and daily life use.
Should consider when the present invention selects electrical kiln has stable carbonic acid gas in the kiln, so should add coal or charcoal in case of necessity.
Adopt other the equipment of firing such as tunnel furnace, gas fired kiln, pushed bat kiln basic identical, but must be high temperature resistant in equipment in the kiln and the kiln lining.
Firing temperature: the ordinary pottery firing temperature is about 950 ℃～1000 ℃ at present, and the temperature that the present invention requires to fire will reach 1000 ℃～1300 ℃, this is because temperature when higher, the metal of pottery raw material or the nonmetal phase that can form homogeneous, make the pottery top layer reach " reduction of carbonization epoxy compound ", saying with popular words, is to make the product that burns till that the transmutation phenomenon take place easily.
But what note is to avoid burning, and burning comprises two kinds of local burning and whole burning: if local burning, then want the fireman to note heat color in the burner hearth, in order to make kiln temperature balance, the higher burner hearth of furnace temperature is attemperation neatly.
7, insulation, insulation are to fire to finish the back residence time of pottery in kiln, and soaking time is too short, easily causes frightened splitting, and frightened splitting is product sintering, when kiln discharge, because temperature drift (above 80 ℃) and contact caused cracking with cool ambient air suddenly.Soaking time is long, may cause whole burning easily.
Above-described firing time and gradient soaking time are as follows:
Kiln plant title firing time gradient soaking time
Electrical kiln: 8-13 hour 8-15 hour
Tunnel furnace 68-76 hour 2-3 days
Gas fired kiln 8-13 hour 8-15 hour
Pushed bat kiln 8-13 hour 8-15 hour
The pottery that the pottery that adopts above-mentioned raw materials and method for cooking to obtain is produced compared with usual way at first embodies from pottery material color change, abundant natural colored, it is exactly the color epiphase of various mineral material elements, therefore add that the NATURAL DISTRIBUTION pattern of mineral element in pottery is very graceful, can form speciality effect as the metalluster of natural beauty and the jewel.But the burned product surface is also hot-tempereder, needs further processing just can obtain high-quality product.
8, polishing, the pottery made-up article requires portioned product need carry out last procedure according to order after burning till kiln discharge and examination---and polishing is handled to pay and is dispatched from the factory.This polishing treating processes is generically and collectively referred to as polishing technology, and polishing material adopts fat gelatin, chlorination carbon silicon, silicon carbide, oilstone usually, with the resemble process of common pottery, but because product hardness of the present invention is big slightly, note its color and moulding.
Transmutation pottery product endoplasm exquisiteness, vertebration between mud and between making pottery, but outward appearance is also more rough when just burning till kiln discharge, though color and luster is abundant but not obvious, mainly be vermilion red or atropurpureus, product is more simple, fail to embody the class and the style of pottery pottery technique product, and handle, remove the pottery coarse surface of making pottery through the polishing of uniqueness, and after the polishing of skidding, not glazing and present bronze tiger line matter, the brave line matter of bronze, blue ivory line matter, emerald shiner line matter, purplish red, maroon, it spot, ashen, natural colour such as blackish green, some is sparkling and crystal-clear like beautiful, and some look is as the sun shines again after the rain, some then is with purple in the basket, just like " fish whiting wave ", some but gathers around seven looks, and color change is infinite, differ from one another, will become the artwork of the unique style of collector's appreciation.
9, the check of product and packing
Product is after polishing, but check and accepting storing just.The acceptance requirement and the kiln discharge product of polishing product are basic identical, all are the checks that lays particular emphasis on outward appearance, and the project of check mainly contains:
1. whether the product performance has defectives such as sand trace, hole, corrupted, cracking and distortion.
Whether the Gai Yushen that 2. covers series products coincide.
3. chew, whether the color and luster self (main body) of annexes such as ear, top consistent.
4. chew, the corase grind of annex such as ear, top and main body, whether polishing meets the requirements.
5. whether product keeps lines, and pattern etc. are clear.
6. whether the product polishing is even, has or not part " cloudy colour ".
Outstanding substantive distinguishing features of the present invention and obvious improvement are:
1, the complete processing of pottery of the present invention is chosen purple mud, boccaro and other raw mineral materialss, carries out the fused preparation of physics, adopt brand-new pottery method for cooking, make in the pottery sintering procedure, have the pottery more than 80% to have the quality of transmutation pottery, satisfied the expansion demand of people studio pottery.
2, pottery is not by colorful, brilliance is dazzling and overcome others by displaying one's strength, and going back to nature just of leaning on sought simple U.S., personality U.S.s that all come from nature, another big characteristic---the transmutation of pottery craft, since the temperature of burning till, the difference that atmosphere changes, and pottery can produce multiple color and luster, for example bronze tiger line matter, bronze brave line matter, blue ivory line matter, emerald shiner line matter etc., color has cinnabar purple, crabapple red, blackish green various, brings out the best in each other more, and is antique peculiar.This product called after " kiln treasured ".
3, to development pottery art industry, improve the ingredients technical that falls behind, innovation firing process technology, set up pottery art transmutation (kiln treasured) and burn till the industrial base, develop more national characters product, open up a market, create better economic benefit, development backward areas industrial sector is had the important strategic meaning.
4, high-grade artwork be can make, high-grade electric cooker inner container, electric cup and some electric equipment products also can be made.
5, production technique is similar to ordinary pottery production, and existing pottery is as long as the appropriate reconstruction kiln promptly can be produced product of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Get 30 parts in purple mud and 40 parts of flint clays, 20 parts of boccaros, 10 parts of other mineral are analyzed purple argillization composition and are met SiO
252-70%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
33-8%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5, a spot of CaO, Na
2The requirement of O is analyzed the flint clay chemical ingredients and is met SiO
250-68%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
35-10%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5, a spot of CaO, Na
2The requirement of O, the chemical ingredients of boccaro also meets the requirements, and all the poisonous element of raw material does not all exceed standard as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury etc.
With the above-mentioned raw materials pre-treatment, wet ball mill is carried out in weighing again, sieve, precipitation, press filtration are put in the pulp storage tank and are in store for, and remove out slurry from pulp storage tank again, be put into and refine mud in the soil kneader, deposit fermentation 1-2 days, be put into again and carry out secondary refining mud in ground in the soil kneader, obtain plastic mass, rolling forming or rotary press modelling, be engraved as Zhuang bronze drum shape teapot, use the heated air seasoning drying, be put into electrical kiln and fired 8-13 hour, temperature 1000-1200 ℃, gradient insulation 8-15 hour, with the oilstone polishing, it is cured to stamp the river, through check and packing, obtain transmutation (kiln treasured) product.
Embodiment 2
Get 50 parts in purple mud and 30 parts of flint clays, 15 parts of boccaros, 5 parts of other mineral (ore of potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, rhombspar and iron content, copper) are analyzed purple argillization composition and are met SiO
252-70%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
33-8%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5, a spot of CaO, Na
2The requirement of O is analyzed the flint clay chemical ingredients and is met SiO
250-68%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
35-10%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5, a spot of CaO, Na
2The requirement of O, the chemical ingredients of boccaro also meets the requirements, and all the poisonous element of raw material does not all exceed standard as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury etc.
With the above-mentioned raw materials pre-treatment, wet ball mill is carried out in weighing again, sieve, precipitation, press filtration are put in the pulp storage tank and are in store for, and remove out slurry from pulp storage tank again, be put into and refine mud in the soil kneader, deposit fermentation 1-2 days, be put into again and carry out secondary refining mud in ground in the soil kneader, obtain plastic mass, rolling forming or rotary press modelling, be engraved as tea set, use the heated air seasoning drying, be put into tunnel furnace and fired 68-76 hour, temperature 1100-1300 ℃, gradient insulation 2-3 days, with the oilstone polishing, it is cured to stamp the river, through check and packing, obtain transmutation (kiln treasured) product.
Embodiment 3
Get 25 parts in purple mud and 45 parts of flint clays, 17 parts of boccaros, 13 parts of other mineral are analyzed purple argillization composition and are met SiO
252-70%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
33-8%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5, a spot of CaO, Na
2The requirement of O is analyzed the flint clay chemical ingredients and is met SiO
250-68%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
35-10%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5, a spot of CaO, Na
2The requirement of O, the chemical ingredients of boccaro also meets the requirements, and all the poisonous element of raw material does not all exceed standard as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury etc.
With the above-mentioned raw materials pre-treatment, wet ball mill is carried out in weighing again, sieves, precipitation, press filtration, be put in the pulp storage tank and be in store for, remove out slurry from pulp storage tank again, be put into and refine mud in the soil kneader, deposit fermentation 1-2 days, be put into again and carry out secondary refining mud in ground in the soil kneader, obtain plastic mass, rolling forming or rotary press modelling, be engraved as warrior's studio pottery in ancient times, use the heated air seasoning drying, be put into gas fired kiln klining system 8-13 hour, temperature 1100-1200 ℃ of gradient is incubated 8-15 days, polish with oilstone, it is cured to stamp the river, through check and packing, obtains transmutation (kiln treasured) product.
Embodiment 4
Get 45 parts in purple mud and 35 parts of flint clays, 10 parts of boccaros, 10 parts of other mineral (potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, rhombspar and contain the ore of cobalt, copper) are analyzed purple argillization composition and are met SiO
252-70%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
33-8%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5, a spot of CaO, Na
2The requirement of O is analyzed the flint clay chemical ingredients and is met SiO
250-68%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
35-10%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5, a spot of CaO, Na
2The requirement of O, the chemical ingredients of boccaro also meets the requirements, and all the poisonous element of raw material does not all exceed standard as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury etc.
With the above-mentioned raw materials pre-treatment, wet ball mill is carried out in weighing again, sieve, precipitation, press filtration are put in the pulp storage tank and are in store for, and remove out slurry from pulp storage tank again, be put into and refine mud in the soil kneader, deposit fermentation 1-2 days, be put into again and carry out secondary refining mud in ground in the soil kneader, obtain plastic mass, rolling forming or rotary press modelling, make studio pottery, use the heated air seasoning drying, be put into gas fired kiln klining system 8-13 hour, temperature 1100-1300 ℃, gradient insulation 8-15 days, with the oilstone polishing, it is cured to stamp the river, through check and packing, obtain transmutation (kiln treasured) product.
Embodiment 5
Get 35 parts in purple mud and 30 parts of flint clays, 20 parts of boccaros, other mineral are analyzed purple argillization composition for 15 parts and are met SiO
252-70%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
33-8%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5, a spot of CaO, Na
2The requirement of O is analyzed the flint clay chemical ingredients and is met SiO
250-68%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
35-10%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5, a spot of CaO, Na
2The requirement of O, the chemical ingredients of boccaro also meets the requirements, and all the poisonous element of raw material does not all exceed standard as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury etc.
With above-mentioned pre-treatment of raw material, weighing, carry out wet ball mill again, sieve, precipitation, press filtration be put in the pulp storage tank and store, and removes pulp-water again and filter to be put into and refine mud in the soil kneader from pulp storage tank, is smelt mud cake, deposit sealing pond fermentation 10～15 days in, be put into again and carry out secondary refining mud in the vacuum pugmill, obtain blank, put into the mineral spring pond again and steeped 3～6 days, then after screen cloth (250 order) plastic mass, through Artistic Design, throwing, be engraved as high-grade workmanship (or tea set).Natural air drying is put into and fires 8～13 hours in the electric kiln, and temperature 1000-1200 ℃ of gradient is incubated 8～16 hours, with oilstone polishing (without waxing), through checking and be packaged to be transmutation (kiln treasured) works.
Embodiment 6
Get 30 parts in purple mud and 40 parts of flint clays, 10 parts of boccaros, 20 parts of other mineral (potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, rhombspar and contain the ore of manganese, copper) are analyzed purple argillization composition and are met SiO
252-70%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
33-8%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5, a spot of CaO, Na
2The requirement of O is analyzed the flint clay chemical ingredients and is met SiO
250-68%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
35-10%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO 0.5-2, K
2O 0.1-0.5, a spot of CaO, Na
2The requirement of O, the chemical ingredients of boccaro also meets the requirements, and all the poisonous element of raw material does not all exceed standard as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury etc.
With the above-mentioned raw materials pre-treatment, weighing, carry out wet ball mill again, cross screen cloth, precipitation, press filtration is put into pulp storage tank and is stored, refilter, be put in the soil kneader refining mud again and become mud cake, deposit sealing pond fermentation 5～10 days in, be put into again carry out in the vacuum pugmill 2 times the refining mud obtain blank, after screen cloth (180 order), get plastic mass, can be made into household electrical appliance articles for use parts (as dark-red enameled pottery through rotary press modelling, electric cooker, inner bag) natural air drying is put into kiln and was fired 10～15 hours, temperature 1100-1300 ℃ of gradient is incubated 14～18 hours, comes out of the stove, check and packing, obtain the precious product of kiln.
Claims (8)
1, the transmutation product that burns till of a kind of pottery, the material composition that it is characterized in that pottery comprise purple mud and flint clay, boccaro, other mineral, and its composition and percent by weight content are as follows:
Purple mud 20-50%
Flint clay 20-45%
Boccaro 10-25%
Other mineral 5-20%
The chemical ingredients of described purple mud is: SiO
252-70%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO33-8%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO0.5-2, K
2O0.1-0.5 also has a spot of CaO, Na
2O;
The chemical ingredients of described flint clay is: SiO
250-68%, Al
2O
315-28%, FeO
35-10%, TiO
20.5-1.5, MgO0.5-2, K
2O0.1-0.5 also has a spot of CaO, Na
2O;
Described boccaro adopts the boccaro identical with ordinary pottery;
Described other mineral comprise potassium felspar sand (K
2O, Al
2O
36SiO
2), Wingdale (CaCO
3), rhombspar (CaCO
3MgcO
3) and contain the ore of elements such as iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, zinc, tin, nickel.
2, the production method of the transmutation product that a kind of pottery as claimed in claim 1 burns till is characterized in that: with purple mud and flint clay, boccaro, other raw mineral materials pre-treatment, wet ball mill is carried out in weighing again, sieves, precipitation, press filtration, be put in the pulp storage tank and be in store for, remove out slurry from pulp storage tank again, be put into and refine mud in the soil kneader, deposit fermentation 1-2 days, be put into again and carry out in the soil kneader refining mud the second time, obtain plastic mass, rolling forming or rotary press modelling, the engraving moulding, use the heated air seasoning drying, be put in the equipment of firing and fire, the gradient insulation, polish with oilstone, waxing through check and packing, obtains product.
3, the production method of the transmutation product that burns till of pottery according to claim 1 is characterized in that the temperature of firing is 1000 ℃～1300 ℃,
4, the production method of the transmutation product that burns till of pottery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the equipment of firing is electrical kiln, tunnel furnace, gas fired kiln, pushed bat kiln.
5, the production method of the transmutation product that burns till of pottery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the firing time of electrical kiln is 8-13 hour, and the gradient soaking time is 8-15 hour, in the kiln stable carbonic acid gas should be arranged when electrical kiln is fired.
6, the production method of the transmutation product that burns till of pottery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the tunnel furnace firing time is 68-76 hour, gradient soaking time 2-3 days.
7, the production method of the transmutation product that burns till of pottery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the gas fired kiln firing time is 8-13 hour, gradient soaking time 8-15 hour.
8, the production method of the transmutation product that burns till of pottery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pushed bat kiln firing time is 8-13 hour, gradient soaking time 8-15 hour.
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