CN1521501A - Method for phased array ultrasonic detection system to control focusing, scanning and receiving of sound beam - Google Patents
Method for phased array ultrasonic detection system to control focusing, scanning and receiving of sound beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN1521501A CN1521501A CNA031152244A CN03115224A CN1521501A CN 1521501 A CN1521501 A CN 1521501A CN A031152244 A CNA031152244 A CN A031152244A CN 03115224 A CN03115224 A CN 03115224A CN 1521501 A CN1521501 A CN 1521501A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
Abstract
The invention provides a total-digital phase control supersonic detection system control sound beam focusing scanning and reception method comprising the steps of, (1) calculating the coordinate value of the each central dot for each vibration unit, (2) determining the vibration set, (3) determining the sound distance time, (4) calculating all the corresponding transmission and reception delay time and time window to all the vibration elements, (5) transmitting and receiving based on all the corresponding transmission and reception delay time. The detecting system using the array type probe has higher operating efficiency and improved detection quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that a kind of full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system control acoustic beam synthetic focusing, scanning and echo receive, relate in particular to the method for a kind of control acoustic beam synthetic focusing of in the full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system (USPA-2000) that detects the natural-gas transfer pipeline weld seam, using, scanning and echo reception.
Background technology
Be used at present that the ultrasonic instrument of material Non-Destructive Testing is many mimic channel device such as to transmit and receive and display is formed by single transducer probe, control.In the detection, by the mobile search on workpiece of artificial hand hold transducer, by observing the result who shows that the echo judgement detects.This quasi-instrument has conveniently, flexible and economical and practical advantage.But require the detection technique personnel to have more rich experience, work efficiency is low especially big as this workload of natural-gas transfer pipeline weld seam in detection, and demanding occasion detects data in addition and is difficult to long preservation for further depth analysis and file.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides the method that a kind of full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system control acoustic beam synthetic focusing, scanning and echo receive.
The method of a kind of full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system's control acoustic beam focusing scanning and reception, it comprises the steps:
A: the coordinate figure that calculates first central point that respectively shakes;
B: determine the tuple of shaking;
C: determine the sound path time;
D: all units of shaking in the tuple of shaking are asked the corresponding time delay that transmits and receives;
E: the unit of respectively shaking launches respectively by the emission of above-mentioned correspondence and receive delay time and receives;
Consider that from the multiple combined factors that detects array probe that unit forms combines combined transmit and reception with the digital means of multipath high-speed to adopt the many transducers of identical small size to shake, and can develop the detection system of various special uses.It is big that this array type probe can be given full play to the small size transducers acoustic beam angle of divergence, receives the high characteristics of conversion coefficient.Need not change the probe relative position, by select to shake elementary excitation order and excitation pulse make time delay synthesize acoustic beam not only the deflection appointment angle but also focus on the surveyed area of appointment.When specifying a series of focus point and and can realizing the function that scans during order.
Adopt the detection system of this array type probe to have following outstanding advantage:
1. needed focused beam and echo receive by the control of multipath high-speed electron device and finish, and the relative position that does not need to change probe and surveyed area promptly can be finished the sound beam focusing scanning detection to surveyed area at a high speed, has very high work efficiency.
2. can digitizing meticulous definite focused beam sweeping scheme in ground and defect reflection source position, improved the detection quality.
3. transmit and receive control device with the digital circuit of multipath high-speed and upper Industrial Control Computer combines, can realize that the A of echo data is super, B ultrasonic and the superfine image of C show; Set up the echo data storehouse for long term archival.The ultrasonic testing system of estimating intelligent functions for exploitation band testing result provides possibility.
Description of drawings
The synoptic diagram of Fig. 1 array probe and the detected location of workpiece.
Fig. 2 tuple synoptic diagram of determining to shake.
Fig. 3 calculates the sound path synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 unit of respectively shaking transmits and receives sequential chart.
Fig. 5 ultrasound wave accumulative column synoptic diagram.
Fig. 6 is a secondary sound path situation synoptic diagram.
Fig. 7 is three sound path situation synoptic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the workflow diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The identical permutation mode of shaking in the array probe has multiple, the present invention is directed to the unit of shaking along the straight line line in one line element array that shakes, as shown in Figure 1: the present invention uses the inclined-plane coupling angle probe 2 of organic glass tapered wedges 1, and the described unit of shaking is used for the shear wave detection along in one line being located at of straight line on the probe 2.1 contact of organic glass voussoir is positioned on the detected workpiece in the detection.
In selected coordinate system, the position of first center point coordinate that respectively shakes on the probe is fixed, and the focal region focus of hope is fixed, and the sound path of the ripple that the unit of in other words promptly respectively shaking sends is fixed.If the longest sound path time is T, we can make the long ripple emission earlier of sound path in the tuple of shaking, be that the correspondence unit of shaking excites earlier, the short correspondence of the sound path unit of shaking excites later on, make these ripples the sound path time and time delay sum be equal to T, then each wave interference effect can be implemented in the purpose of regulation zone sound beam focusing.How to arrange respectively to shake priority time of elementary excitation has promptly proposed the problem of computing relay time.Basic problem can reduce: known focus point geometric coordinate: (fx, fy) and the sound wave center line at the refraction angle at interface β, transverse wave velocity C1 in the compressional wave of voussoir and steel, C2, and participate in first number that shakes (even number 2M) of transmitting and receiving, now to determine:
The 2M unit of shaking at the most on the probe, they are evenly distributed in the center line both sides, participate in transmitting and receiving;
Consider earlier a sound path problem, promptly sound wave sends compressional wave through the tuple of shaking and advances in voussoir through interfacial refraction, and refracted shear directly focuses on the subregion of certain appointment of section of weld joint.Below provide solution to the problems described above:
1. the tuple (as shown in Figure 2) of determining to shake
First center point coordinate x (1-N) if respectively shake, y (1-N), N is first number that shakes on the probe, ordering is from left to right.
Its step is as follows:
1. calculate the position of acoustic beam center line on probe.
P point coordinate: xp=xf+ (D0-yf) tan β
yp＝D0
2. calculate incident angle α: mu=c1/c2, sin α=mu*sin β
3. i calculates the sin α of local oscillator unit and next shake first central point and P point line correspondence from N to 2 circulation
sinα0＝(x(i)-xp)/sqrt((x(i)-xp)
2+(y(i)-yp)
2)
sinα1＝(x(i-1)-xp)/sqrt((x(i-1)-xp)
2+(y(i-1)-yp)
2)
If (sin α 0 〉=sin α) ^ (sin α 1＜sin α) gets i and sends into i0, produce circulation, go next step circulation otherwise change.
Circulation finishes and still can not find, and display reminding " center of can not find shake unit " produces program.
If (^ (the N-i0) 〉=M of i0 〉=M), the tuple of then shaking first number 2M that shakes is from i0-M to i0+M-1;
If i0 〉=(N-i0), the tuple of then the shaking first number 2 (N-i0) that shakes is from 2i0-N+1 to N;
Otherwise, the tuple of shaking first number 2i0 that shakes, from 1 to 2i0.
The tuple of can determining like this to shake first number elnum that shakes, the elem of unit (1-elnum) shakes.
2. calculate sound path (as shown in Figure 3)
The key that unit calculates dead time of shaking is to ask a Pi coordinate, and it can be summed up as following problem: ask a bit on straight line y=D0, make:
sinαi＝mu*sinβi
If the Pi coordinate be (x D0), brings following formula into and turns to f (x)=0, form promptly:
(xi-x)/sqrt((xi-x)
2+(yi-D0)
2)-mu*(x-xf)/sqrt((x-xf)
2+(D0-yf)
2)＝0
If xx be I (xi, yi) and F (xf, the horizontal ordinate of straight line yf) and y=D0 intersection point:
xx＝xi-(yi-D0)(xi-xf)/(yi-yf)
Can prove that f (x) is dull on [xx, xi], and f (xx)＞0, f (xi)＜0, [xx, xi] go up f (x)=0 existence and a root are only arranged.Adopt Pegasus solution by iterative method f (x)=0, its order of convergence is 7.275, need not differentiate.Below provide algorithm.
Ask the zero point of f (x) on [a, b], f (x) satisfies f (a) f (b)＜0.
Iterative formula: Xi+1=Xi-Fi* (Xi-Xi-1)/(Fi-Fi-1)
Use a, b starting, i.e. x0=a, F0=f (a), x1=b, F1=f (b);
If FiFi+1＜0, with (Xi, Fi) replace (Xi-1, Fi-1), (Xi+1, Fi+1) replace (Xi, Fi)
If FiFi+1＞0, with (Xi+1, Fi+1) replace (Xi, Fi), (Xi-1, vFi-1) replace (Xi-1, Fi-1)
V=Fi/ (Fi+Fi+1) wherein
Iteration is asked Xi+2 then, and iteration is performed until | Xi-Xi-1|＜eps1 or | F|＜eps2 ends.Eps1, eps2 are abundant little positive numbers given in advance.Calculate f (x) in the program and find the solution f (x) but=0 design function process is for calling.
The program summary:
To first 1-elnum circulation of shaking in the tuple of shaking
Get the unit's numbering of shaking, first centre coordinate xi that shakes, yi
Calculate xx
Call and find the solution f (x)=0 function and ask xpi, obtain the Pi coordinate (xpi, D0)
Calculate I → Pi, two sections sound paths of Pi → F
Calculating journey time iPi/c1+Pif/c2 (unit nanosecond) circulation finishes.
3. computing relay time (as shown in Figure 4)
Getting the longest excitation instant that shakes unit of sound path is time 0 benchmark, so the unit of respectively shaking transmits and receives sequential as shown in Figure 4:
ts(i)+time(i)＝T?i＝1，2，....，n
Ts (i) is the time delay of the unit of shaking
Time (i) is the journey time of the unit of shaking
N is for participating in emission and the tuple of shaking that receives first number of shaking.
The unit of respectively shaking is at dead time:
ts(i)＝T-time(i) i＝1，2，....，n
With above-mentioned time reference, the receive delay time of the unit of respectively shaking is:
tr(i)＝ts(i)+time(i)+time(i)＝T+T-ts(i)＝2*T-ts(i)i＝1，2，....，n
Tr (i) '=2*T-ts (i)-(a is to the journey time of b) i=1,2 ...., n
T3=2* (a is to the journey time of b)
In the detection, wish that the focal region of an acoustic beam covers a subregion of detection zone, in other words, from a to the b scope in presumable reflection echo be the object that we pay close attention to.2 times of the journey time of definition from a to the b ripple is the time of reception window.The receive delay time should be carved into a point reflection echo and end when shaking unit when elementary excitation is shaken in zero-lag.Certainly respectively shake in the tuple of shaking receive delay time of unit should deduct 2 times of journey time from a to f.
To what secondary sound path problem and three sound path problems, again through once focusing to certain subregion again, can obtain the focal coordinates of equivalence earlier after promptly reflecting by reflection law with secondary reflection, turn to a sound path issue handling then.As shown in Figure 6, secondary sound path situation: when the actual focal spot coordinate is Xf, yf, its equivalent focus coordinate is Xf ,-yf.As shown in Figure 7, three sound path situations: when the actual focal spot coordinate is Xf, yf, its equivalent focus coordinate is Xf, yf-2D0.
In actual detected technology, often object to be detected is divided into many detection faces, each detection faces is covered by many acoustic beams again.Introduce the notion of detection scheme: a so-called detection scheme i.e. one group of data, and they finish a ultrasonic beam of expectation according to prior agreement emission and echo receive whole control function, concrete workflow as shown in Figure 8:
At first execution in step 100: initialization, given data is set, and mainly comprise: probe positions, steel pipe data, physical parameter, scheme data; Wherein the scheme data are meant: program module--the proposal generator of design one special generation scheme in the application software, it both can generate the conventional sense scheme a collection ofly, can generate single detection scheme again, the scheme that generates can be given numbering by agreement and be stored in the mode of file or database and form scheme base and call for detecting control module, and the general data of a scheme has: the scheme numbering; The field width of focus point coordinate, focal region and field depth; The physical parameter of emission: the pulse width that excites, amplitude etc.; Participate in the emission and the tuple of shaking, acoustic beam center line refraction angle; The tuple of shaking content is respectively shaken first time delay; Receive delay time and sampling time window value.
Execution in step 101 again: calculate first central point that respectively shakes coordinate figure (Xi, yi), I=1 ..., N};
Execution in step 102: carry out the scheme circulation; Execution in step 1021: to a given scheme (acoustic beam), get focal coordinates (fx, fy) and the refraction angle β data of sound wave center line; Calculate incident angle α according to refraction law, so computing center's line on probe the position (Xo, Yo);
Execution in step 1022: determine the tuple of shaking
Execution in step 1023: estimate constraint condition, described constraint condition is:
Should in computation process, in time verify above-mentioned constraint condition, adjust parameters such as the tuple position that shakes when not satisfying constraint condition, obtain more excellent result for using to middle result.
Execution in step 1024: the unit of shaking in the tuple of shaking is calculated one by one:
This first centre coordinate that shakes (Xi, Yi)
The coordinate of this corresponding incidence point Ai of unit that shakes, directly calculating has certain difficulty, can utilize
Sin α i/sin β I=c1/c2 condition is listed equation, adopts then and asks f (X)=0 numerical method to ask Jie.
Execution in step 1025: judge whether to satisfy the constraint condition described in the step 1023, not satisfying then changes step 1022: adjust the tuple of shaking.
Execution in step 1026: all units of shaking in the tuple of shaking are asked the corresponding time delay that transmits and receives, the time of reception window, and charge to file.
Execution in step 1027: judge whether scheme has circulated,, change step 102 and carry out the scheme circulation, finish execution in step 1028: withdraw from until all acoustic beam circulations to next scheme.
Can determine that by above step each acoustic beam participates in the time delay of shake tuple and each unit of shaking of emission.
Claims (10)
1, the method for a kind of full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system's control acoustic beam focusing scanning and reception is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A: the coordinate figure that calculates first central point that respectively shakes;
B: determine the tuple of shaking;
C: determine the sound path time;
D: all units of shaking in the tuple of shaking are asked corresponding time delay and the time window of transmitting and receiving;
E: the unit of respectively shaking launches respectively by the emission of above-mentioned correspondence and receive delay time and receives;
2, the method for full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system's control acoustic beam focusing scanning according to claim 1 and reception is characterized in that, the total data that transmits and receives of control one ultrasonic beam is formed detection scheme.
3, the method for full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system's control acoustic beam focusing scanning according to claim 2 and reception is characterized in that, forms a scheme base by described detection scheme, and utilizes the detection scheme in the scheme base to carry out cycle detection.
4, the method for full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system's control acoustic beam focusing scanning according to claim 3 and reception is characterized in that the data of described detection scheme have: the scheme numbering; The field width of focus point coordinate, focal region and field depth; The physical parameter of emission: the pulse width that excites, amplitude etc.; Participate in the emission and the tuple of shaking, acoustic beam center line refraction angle; The tuple of shaking content is respectively shaken first time delay; Receive delay time and sampling time window value.
5, the method for full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system's control acoustic beam focusing scanning according to claim 1 and reception, it is characterized in that, the sound path time of the ripple that the described unit of respectively shaking sends and time delay sum all equate, and equal the longest sound path time T.
6, the method for full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system's control acoustic beam focusing scanning according to claim 1 and reception is characterized in that, 2M is individual at the most in the described unit of shaking, and the described tuple of determining to shake comprises the steps:
1. calculate the position of acoustic beam center line on probe.
2. calculate incident angle α.
3. i calculates the sin α of local oscillator unit and next shake first central point and P point line correspondence from N to 2 circulation.
4. (if sin α 0 〉=sin α) ^ (sin α 1＜sin α), get i and send into i0, produce circulation, go next step circulation, describedly be i0 first sequence number of shaking otherwise change;
5. if (^ (the N-i0) 〉=M of i0 〉=M), the tuple of then shaking first number 2M that shakes is from i0-M to i0+M-1; If i0 〉=(N-i0), the tuple of then the shaking first number 2 (N-i0) that shakes is from 2i0-N+1 to N; Otherwise, the tuple of shaking first number 2i0 that shakes, from 1 to 2i0.
7, the method for full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system's control acoustic beam focusing scanning according to claim 1 and reception is characterized in that, the unit of respectively shaking is at dead time:
ts(i)＝T-time(i) i＝1，2，....，n
Respectively shake the unit the receive delay time be:
tr(i)＝ts(i)+time(i)+time(i)＝T+T-ts(i)＝2*T-ts(i)
i＝1，2，....，n
Described ts (i) is the time delay of the unit of shaking, and time (i) is the journey time of the unit of shaking, and n is for participating in emission and the tuple of shaking that receives first number of shaking.
8, the method for full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system's control acoustic beam focusing scanning according to claim 1 and reception, it is characterized in that, the described supersonic beam that respectively shakes unit's emission is not to focus on a bit, but focus in the cylinder, if the focusing post is ab, be benchmark with main acoustic axis, the ab distance is a column length, f is a geometrical focus, and the receive delay time is:
Tr (i) '=2*T-ts (i)-(a is to the journey time of b) i=1,2 ...., n
9, the method for full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system's control acoustic beam focusing scanning according to claim 1 and reception, it is characterized in that, between step c and steps d, also comprise step f: estimate constraint condition, then do not adjust the tuple of shaking if do not satisfy constraint condition.
10, the method for full digital phased array ultrasonic detection system's control acoustic beam focusing scanning according to claim 1 and reception is characterized in that described constraint condition is:
The restrictive condition of 27.6 °＜α＜57.7 ° should be satisfied in its corresponding α angle under the situation of 1. given at the β angle and organic glass voussoir, and described β angle is the refraction angle of sound wave center line at the interface.
2. acoustic beam center sound path should for phased array probe, need to estimate the near field length of the tuple of shaking greater than near field length.
3. must adjust sound path drops on after the tree-shaped ripple time window.
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| CN103076392A (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2013-05-01 | Ge传感与检测技术有限公司 | Method and device for the non-destructive inspection of a test object of great material thickness by means of ultrasound |
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