CN104076092A - Small-diameter pipe nondestructive detecting method based on electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array focusing principle - Google Patents
Small-diameter pipe nondestructive detecting method based on electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array focusing principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small-diameter pipe nondestructive detecting method based on an electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array focusing principle. The small-diameter pipe nondestructive detecting method is implemented by a solenoid bias magnetic field generating unit which is arranged outside a small-diameter pipe and is coaxial with the small-diameter pipe, and an electromagnetic ultrasonic probe which is formed by electromagnetic ultrasonic exciting coil units coaxially arranged in the small-diameter pipe and array detection coil units arranged uniformly along the circumferential direction of the pipe. The small-diameter pipe nondestructive detecting method comprises the following steps: firstly, generating a high bias magnetic field along the axial direction of the small-diameter pipe by an electrified solenoid; setting the exciting time of each exciting coil in the electromagnetic ultrasonic exciting coil units according to a focusing law, and exciting the coils sequentially by the electromagnetic ultrasonic device so as to generate ultrasonic waves; meanwhile, detecting voltage signals caused by the ultrasonic waves by the array detection coil units circumferentially arranged on the pipe cross section on which focusing points are located; and detecting the small-diameter pipe comprehensively and rapidly with the assistance of axial machinery scanning. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of high detection rate, high detection speed, high efficiency and the like, and can be widely applied to nondestructive detection on the interiors of small-diameter pipes with complex outer shapes and on debonding defects of a multi-layer pipe HIP (Hot isostatic press) welding interface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the small diameter tube technical field of nondestructive testing based on electromagnetic acoustic phase array focusing principle, be specifically related to a kind of small diameter tube lossless detection method based on electromagnetic acoustic phase array focusing principle.
Background technology
Along with the propelling of international thermonuclear fusion experimental reactor (ITER) plan, the safety of tokamak fusion facility and integrity assessment more and more receive people's concern.Divertor, as the important component part of tokamak device, plays a part removal of impurity and heat extraction, has guaranteed the normal operation of device.A large amount of tungsten piece-copper tube heat exchange parts with HIP weld interface, its heat exchanger tube internal diameters less (common 10 millimeter) of adopting of divertor.For realizing effective welding of square tungsten piece and heat exchange copper tube, also adopted intermediate tubular transition bed therebetween, above-mentioned heat exchanger components is become have the path multilayer pipe structure of complicated outside surface.If interfacial weld is bad or unsticking, when can not completing normal heat exchange, also may produce abnormal thermal stress because amount of localized heat cannot remove, thereby may damage divertor, even install.Therefore, realize the detection of path multilayer pipe HIP weld interface unsticking and assess extremely important.
Unsticking for multilayer pipe HIP weld interface detects at present, mainly contains detection method of eddy, ultrasonic Detection Method, infrared thermography etc., but all exists certain not enough.And electromagnetic acoustic Non-Destructive Testing due to its noncontact, do not need couplant, detection speed fast, produce waveform various, be applicable to the features such as high temperature detection, become a kind of important method of nondestructive evaluation and detection field, but not yet realized the detection to above-mentioned divertor heat exchanger components debonding defect.
For the electromagnetic acoustic of multilayer pipe HIP weld interface, detect, face following difficult point: the first, owing to being the multilayer pipe structure of little internal diameter, square-outside and round-inside, so that magnetic test coil can only be selected is built-in; The second, multilayer pipe internal diameter is less, and small-sized built-in permanent magnet cannot provide stronger biasing stationary magnetic field and cannot insert when heat exchanger tube has certain curvature, so need additive method to apply strong bias magnetic field from outside; The 3rd, conventional electromagnetic acoustic often only has single coil excitation, and while detecting tubular object, gained flaw indication is difficult to identification a little less than relatively; The 4th, conventional electromagnetic acoustic when completing pipe and circumferentially detect often pointwise carry out, detection efficiency is lower.
Given this, the present invention proposes the small diameter tube lossless detection method based on electromagnetic acoustic phase array focusing principle, according to focusing on rule, utilize energization solenoid, electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit, array detection coil unit, can realize effectively detecting fast of multilayer pipe HIP weld interface.
Summary of the invention
The problem existing in order to solve above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of small diameter tube electromagnetic acoustic lossless detection method based on phase array focusing principle, the inventive method has that recall rate is high, detection speed is fast, efficiency advantages of higher, can be widely used in the Non-Destructive Testing of the inner and multilayer pipe HIP weld interface debonding defect of the complex-shaped small diameter tube in outside.
For reaching above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A small diameter tube lossless detection method based on electromagnetic acoustic phase array focusing principle, comprises the steps:
Step 1: the curvature processing solenoid bias magnetic field generating unit 1 of small diameter tube to be detected 2 length directions that are D according to internal diameter, is then coaxially built in small diameter tube 2 to be detected in solenoid bias magnetic field generating unit 1;
Step 2: electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 and array detection coil unit 4 are fixed on to the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe of complete on coil rack 5, the number n of described electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 drive coils
0for odd number, coil width is d, and thickness is t, and between coil, centre distance is h; Described array detection coil unit 4 to detect coil surface parallel with the cross section of small diameter tube 2 to be detected, its magnetic test coil number is n
1, circumferential size is l
1, radial dimension is t
1; Wherein the central plane of array detection coil unit 4 and electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 central authorities be numbered 0 drive coil isoplanar, and array detection coil unit 4 detect coil number n
1=INT (π (D-2t-2g
1-2g
2)/l
1), wherein: INT represents to round, g
1the radial spacing that represents electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 and small diameter tube 2 inside surfaces to be detected, g
2the radial spacing that represents array detection coil unit 4 and electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 inner faces; Then by the coaxial insertion of electromagnetic ultrasonic probe small diameter tube 2 to be detected;
Step 3: in solenoid bias magnetic field generating unit 1, pass into the exciting current of 50-100kAT, thereby in solenoid bias magnetic field generating unit 1 inner space, form size evenly, direction along small diameter tube 2 to be detected axially, perpendicular to the strong bias magnetic field in each cross section of pipe;
Step 4: according to focusing on rule, a sense cycle T is set
0the firing time of each drive coil in interior electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3, utilize conventional electromagnetic acoustic device to each drive coil of electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3, to pass into pulse excitation voltage with excitation ultrasound ripple according to firing time order, because the actuation duration postpones and apart from the difference of focal length, the same time of ultrasound wave that each drive coil excites is arrived at focusing focus, in focus area generation ultrasound wave, superpose, thereby increase, arrive the echo strength of intending surveyed area ultrasonic intensity and intending surveyed area, utilize the array detection coil unit 4 that is positioned at focus point place cutting plane to measure ultrasonic echo signal simultaneously, thereby at a sense cycle T
0realize the all-round synchronous detection of small diameter tube 2 to be detected,
Step 5: complete a sense cycle T by electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 described in step 4
0in from outside, to central coil order, to excite the moment of each drive coil be t
i, i=0,1,2 ..., (n
0-1)/2, note central coil is numbered 0, and all the other coils numbering be take central coil and is increased progressively successively outward as symcenter, and both sides are symmetry equivalent time delay, and each drive coil excites time delay Δ t to satisfy condition
Wherein: i=0～(n
0-1)/2, h
0for the depth of focus, h is drive coil central plane spacing, and c is ultrasonic velocity, array detection coil unit 4 is set and in electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3, is numbered after 0 central coil completes excitation and starts output detections voltage signal; According to the delay launch time of each coil and the signal output time of array detection coil unit 4 in above-mentioned condition setting electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3, can be at a sense cycle T
0inside complete the all-round fast detecting of small diameter tube 2 to be detected;
Step 6: on the basis of fast checking, insert electromagnetic ultrasonic probe by axial constant speed and carry out comprehensive scanning that mechanical scanning is realized small diameter tube 2 to be detected described in circumferential performing step 5; Take into account accuracy of detection and scanning efficiency, axial Scanning speed selection range is 0.01m/s～0.10m/s;
Step 7: complete after above-mentioned testing process, the detection signal of intercepting certain hour gate, respectively with A sweep, B sweeps, C sweeps and D sweeps figure and carries out imaging demonstration, judges existence and the position of defect by image abnormity.
Described electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 by etc. the axial arranged in co-axial alignment of big or small Circumferential coils form.
Described array detection coil unit 4 by etc. big or small flattened rectangular coil circumferentially equidistantly arrange and form.
Described coil rack 5 is non-conductive, non-magnetic plastics or rubber.
Compared to the prior art, advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1) the present invention has arrived the Non-Destructive Testing of small diameter tube electromagnetic acoustic by conventional Ultrasound phase array focusing application of principle, by the delay firing time of each coil of electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit is set based on focusing rule, the ultrasound wave of each coil excitation is strengthened in surveyed area stack, solved the difficult point that electromagnetic acoustic detection signal is weak, defect recognition rate is not high; Meanwhile, by using energization solenoid to provide along the axial strong bias magnetic field of small diameter tube, solved small diameter tube and cannot produce by built-in permanent magnet the difficult point of strong bias magnetic field.
2) the present invention has adopted the annulus drive coil group coaxial with small diameter tube, can complete the ultrasonic action all-round to small diameter tube at synchronization, be combined with circumferential array magnetic test coil unit and carry out echometric measurement, can realize the all-round quick Ultrasonic Detection of small diameter tube, greatly improve detection efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the electromagnet ultrasonic changer part schematic diagram of the inventive method based on electromagnetic acoustic phase array focusing principle.
Fig. 2 is the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe schematic diagram of using in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the ultrasound wave focusing principle schematic diagram of using in the present invention.
Embodiment
The fast detecting principle of the inventive method is: comprise the solenoidal electromagnet unit that is placed in outer and coaxial with it the strong bias magnetic field of generation of small diameter tube, coaxially arranged in small diameter tube, the to produce ultrasonic bulk wave electromagnetic acoustic exciting unit with one group of coaxial coil and edge pipe are circumferentially evenly arranged, detect the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe of the array detection coil unit formation of ultrasonic signal; First, utilize energization solenoid produce along small diameter tube axially, perpendicular to the strong bias magnetic field of tube section; Then the firing time of each drive coil of electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit is set according to focusing rule, with each coil of electromagnetism Vltrasonic device sequential energisation, produces ultrasound wave, thereby realize the focusing of ultrasound beamformer in region to be detected; Utilize at the array detection coil unit that focuses on the circumferential setting on the tube section of focus place simultaneously and detect the voltage signal that ultrasound wave causes; Auxiliary with axial mechanical scanning, realize comprehensive fast detecting of small diameter tube.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention is a kind of small diameter tube lossless detection method based on electromagnetic acoustic phase array focusing principle, comprises the steps:
Step 1: the curvature processing solenoid bias magnetic field generating unit 1 according to small diameter tube 2 to be detected (internal diameter is D=12mm, the copper pipe of thick 2.5mm) length direction, is then coaxially built in small diameter tube 2 to be detected in solenoid bias magnetic field generating unit 1;
Step 2: by electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 (with the number n of the coaxial circular drive coil of small diameter tube 2 to be detected
0=9, coil width is d=2mm, and thickness is t=1mm, and between coil, centre distance is h=2mm) (detect coil surface parallel with small diameter tube to be detected 2 cross sections, its number is n with array detection coil unit 4
1, circumferential size is l
1=2mm, radial dimension is t
1=2mm) be fixed on the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe of complete on coil rack 5, wherein array detection coil unit 4 central planes and electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 central authorities be numbered 0 drive coil isoplanar, and detect coil number n
1=INT (π (D-2t-2g
1-2g
2)/l
1)=15 (g
1=0.1mm represents the radial spacing of electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 and small diameter tube 2 inside surfaces to be detected, g
2=0.1mm represents the radial spacing of array detection coil unit 4 and electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 inner faces), then by the coaxial insertion of electromagnetic ultrasonic probe small diameter tube 2 to be detected;
Step 3: in solenoid 1, pass into the exciting current that total magnetizing force is 50kAT, thereby in solenoid bias magnetic field generating unit 1 inner space, form size evenly, direction along small diameter tube 2 to be detected axially, perpendicular to the strong bias magnetic field in each cross section of pipe;
Step 4: according to focusing on rule, a sense cycle T is set
0the firing time of each drive coil in electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 in=0.01s, utilize conventional electromagnetic acoustic device to each drive coil of electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3, to pass into pulse excitation voltage with excitation ultrasound ripple according to firing time order, because the actuation duration postpones different with the distance apart from focus, the same time of ultrasound wave that each drive coil excites is arrived at focusing focus, in focus area generation ultrasound wave, superpose, thereby increase, arrive the echo strength of intending surveyed area ultrasonic intensity and intending surveyed area, utilize the array detection coil unit 4 that is positioned at focus point place cutting plane to measure ultrasonic echo signal simultaneously, thereby at a sense cycle T
0realize the all-round synchronous detection of small diameter tube 2 to be detected,
Step 5: complete a sense cycle T by electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 described in step 4
0in from outside, to central coil order, to excite the moment of each drive coil be t
i(i=0,1,2,3,4) note central coil is numbered 0, and all the other coils numbering be take central coil as symcenter increases progressively outward successively, be respectively 1,2,3, No. 4, and both sides is symmetry equivalent time delay), each drive coil excites time delay Δ t to satisfy condition
I=0～4, h
0=2.0mm is the depth of focus, and h=2mm is drive coil central plane spacing, and c is ultrasonic velocity, array detection coil unit 4 is set and in electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3, is numbered after 0 central coil completes excitation and starts output detections voltage signal; According to the delay launch time of each coil and the signal output time of array detection coil unit 4 in above-mentioned condition setting electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3, can be at a sense cycle T
0inside complete the all-round fast detecting of small diameter tube 2 to be detected;
Step 6: on the basis of fast checking, insert electromagnetic ultrasonic probe by axial constant speed and carry out comprehensive scanning that mechanical scanning is realized small diameter tube 2 to be detected described in circumferential performing step 5; Take into account accuracy of detection and scanning efficiency, axial Scanning speed selection range is 0.05m/s;
Step 7: complete after above-mentioned testing process, the detection signal of intercepting certain hour gate, respectively with A sweep, B sweeps, C sweeps and D sweeps figure and carries out imaging demonstration, judges existence and the position of defect by image abnormity.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, described electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit 3 by etc. the axial arranged in co-axial alignment of big or small Circumferential coils form.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, described array detection coil unit 4 by etc. big or small flattened rectangular coil circumferentially uniformly-spaced arrange and form.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, described coil rack 5 is non-conductive, non-magnetic plastics or rubber.
Claims (4)
1. the small diameter tube lossless detection method based on electromagnetic acoustic phase array focusing principle, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
Step 1: the curvature processing solenoid bias magnetic field generating unit (1) of small diameter tube to be detected (2) length direction that is D according to internal diameter, is then coaxially built in small diameter tube to be detected (2) in solenoid bias magnetic field generating unit (1);
Step 2: electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit (3) and array detection coil unit (4) are fixed on to the above electromagnetic ultrasonic probe of complete of coil rack (5), the number n of described electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit (3) drive coil
0for odd number, coil width is d, and thickness is t, and between coil, centre distance is h; Described array detection coil unit (4) to detect coil surface parallel with the cross section of small diameter tube to be detected (2), its magnetic test coil number is n
1, circumferential size is l
1, radial dimension is t
1; Wherein the central plane of array detection coil unit (4) and electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit (3) central authorities be numbered 0 drive coil isoplanar, and array detection coil unit (4) detect coil number n
1=INT (π (D-2t-2g
1-2g
2)/l
1), wherein: INT represents to round, g
1the radial spacing that represents electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit (3) and small diameter tube to be detected (2) inside surface, g
2the radial spacing that represents array detection coil unit (4) and electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit (3) inner face; Then by electromagnetic ultrasonic probe coaxial insertion small diameter tube to be detected (2);
Step 3: in solenoid bias magnetic field generating unit (1), pass into the exciting current of 50-100kAT, thereby in solenoid bias magnetic field generating unit (1) inner space, form size evenly, direction along small diameter tube to be detected (2) axially, perpendicular to the strong bias magnetic field in each cross section of pipe;
Step 4: according to focusing on rule, a sense cycle T is set
0the firing time of each drive coil in interior electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit (3), utilize conventional electromagnetic acoustic device to each drive coil of electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit (3), to pass into pulse excitation voltage with excitation ultrasound ripple according to firing time order, because the actuation duration postpones and apart from the difference of focal length, the same time of ultrasound wave that each drive coil excites is arrived at focusing focus, in focus area generation ultrasound wave, superpose, thereby increase, arrive the echo strength of intending surveyed area ultrasonic intensity and intending surveyed area, utilize the array detection coil unit (4) that is positioned at focus point place cutting plane to measure ultrasonic echo signal simultaneously, thereby at a sense cycle T
0realize the all-round synchronous detection of small diameter tube to be detected (2),
Step 5: complete a sense cycle T by electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit (3) described in step 4
0in from outside, to central coil order, to excite the moment of each drive coil be t
i, i=0,1,2 ..., (n
0-1)/2, note central coil is numbered 0, and all the other coils numbering be take central coil and is increased progressively successively outward as symcenter, and both sides are symmetry equivalent time delay, and each drive coil excites time delay Δ t to satisfy condition
Wherein: i=0～(n
0-1)/2, h
0for the depth of focus, h is drive coil central plane spacing, and c is ultrasonic velocity, array detection coil unit (4) is set and in electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit (3), is numbered after 0 central coil completes excitation and starts output detections voltage signal; According to the delay launch time of each coil in above-mentioned condition setting electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit (3) and the signal output time of array detection coil unit (4), can be at a sense cycle T
0inside complete the all-round fast detecting of small diameter tube to be detected (2);
Step 6: on the basis of fast checking, insert electromagnetic ultrasonic probe by axial constant speed and carry out comprehensive scanning that mechanical scanning is realized small diameter tube to be detected (2) described in circumferential performing step 5; Take into account accuracy of detection and scanning efficiency, axial Scanning speed selection range is 0.01m/s～0.10m/s;
Step 7: complete after above-mentioned testing process, the detection signal of intercepting certain hour gate, respectively with A sweep, B sweeps, C sweeps and D sweeps figure and carries out imaging demonstration, judges existence and the position of defect by image abnormity.
2. the small diameter tube lossless detection method based on electromagnetic acoustic phase array focusing principle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described electromagnetic acoustic drive coil unit (3) by etc. the axial arranged in co-axial alignment of big or small Circumferential coils form.
3. the small diameter tube lossless detection method based on electromagnetic acoustic phase array focusing principle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described array detection coil unit (4) by etc. big or small flattened rectangular coil circumferentially equidistantly arrange and form.
4. the path bend pipe lossless detection method based on electromagnetic acoustic phase array focusing principle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described coil rack is non-conductive, non-magnetic plastics or rubber.
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| CN104612662A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-13 | 郑州光力科技股份有限公司 | Drilling depth measuring device for drill pipe and measuring method adopting same |
| CN104792875A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-22 | 西安交通大学 | Double coil-based flexible electromagnetic ultrasonic testing system and testing method |
| CN104849349A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-08-19 | 田国良 | Method for detecting weld seam of thin-wall small diameter tube by adopting phased array ultrasonic combination technology |
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| CN104849349A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-08-19 | 田国良 | Method for detecting weld seam of thin-wall small diameter tube by adopting phased array ultrasonic combination technology |
| CN104849349B (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-11-03 | 田国良 | The method that thin-walled small diameter tube weld seam is detected using phased array supersonic combination technique |
| CN105973995A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-09-28 | 华中科技大学 | Electromagnetic ultrasonic probe suitable for detecting round-section steel products and plates |
| CN107091880A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-08-25 | 苏州博昇科技有限公司 | A kind of metal-base composites unsticking detection method |
| CN107389782A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-24 | 清华大学 | Spiral nonmagnetic matrix high accuracy imaging detection device for the detection of pipeline tiny flaw |
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| CN114113337B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2024-02-20 | 西安交通大学 | Electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe for detecting defects of curved surface structure and detection method |
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