CN114113337A - Electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe for detecting defects of curved surface structure and detection method - Google Patents
Electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe for detecting defects of curved surface structure and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
Abstract
The invention provides an electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe for detecting the defects of a curved surface structure and a detection method aiming at the defect ultrasonic detection of a metal test piece with a complex profile structure, wherein the probe consists of an electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit, an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit, an electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit and a flexible substrate; the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit and the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit are respectively composed of two or more coils in a certain array, are used for enhancing excitation and receiving signals, and can effectively improve the detection capability and efficiency of the curved surface structure; the flexible probe can be widely used for nondestructive testing of components with complex surface shapes and workpieces with narrow testing space, and the application range of the ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology is expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flexible electromagnetic ultrasonic probes, in particular to an electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe for detecting defects of a curved surface structure and a detection method.
Background
As one of the most important nondestructive testing methods at present, ultrasonic testing is widely applied to safety testing of major equipment such as aerospace, energy, materials and the like, and plays an important role in improving the safety and reliability of mechanical equipment and preventing accidents. However, the conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic detection technology requires that the probe has good contact with a detected piece and needs a liquid couplant. With the development of modern industrial and scientific technology, the complexity of products is higher and higher, and the production and service environment is more severe (such as high temperature, high pressure, strong corrosion, radiation and the like), so that the application of the conventional ultrasonic detection technology is greatly limited. In addition, the conventional ultrasonic detection has the defects of low scanning speed, difficulty in realizing automatic detection and the like. Therefore, non-contact ultrasonic detection technologies such as electromagnetic ultrasound are always a research hotspot and breakthrough direction in the ultrasonic detection field.
Compared with piezoelectric ultrasound, the electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing method has the advantages of non-contact property, no need of coupling agent, strong adaptability, high testing speed and the like, and shows unique superiority in high-temperature online nondestructive testing, but the traditional electromagnetic ultrasonic probe generally adopts a permanent magnet-coil structure or an electromagnet-coil structure, has larger volume and is difficult to use under the conditions of complex curved surface and narrow testing space.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe for detecting the defects of the curved surface structure and the detection method, which can carry out quantitative nondestructive detection on the conditions of complex surface and narrow space and effectively improve the detection sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio.
An electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe for detecting defects of curved surface structures comprises a flexible substrate 4, wherein an electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1 is arranged on the front surface of the flexible substrate 4, and an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 and an electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3 are arranged on the back surface of the flexible substrate 4;
the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1 is driven by a long pulse current source and is used for providing a bias magnetic field required by electromagnetic ultrasonic; the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 is driven by a short pulse current source and is used for exciting ultrasonic signals, and the exciting ultrasonic waves can be subjected to line focusing and point focusing by respectively controlling the exciting time delay of each coil in the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit; the coil of the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3 is used for receiving ultrasonic signals;
the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1, the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 and the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3 are fixed on the flexible substrate 4 to jointly form an electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe.
The electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 is formed by arranging more than two zigzag coils or runway coils in a rectangular array form; the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3 is formed by arranging more than two disk-shaped coils in a rectangular array or a crossed rectangular array.
The electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1 is a rectangular coil.
The number of the rectangular coils is one, and the coverage range of the rectangular coils is the whole electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 and the whole electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3; or the number of the rectangular coils is two, and the two rectangular coils respectively cover the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 and the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3.
The detection method of the electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe for detecting the defects of the curved surface structure comprises the following steps of firstly, placing the electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe tightly attached to the surface of a to-be-detected part, and leading a long pulse current source to an electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1 under the triggering of a trigger signal to generate a bias magnetic field in a space; when the long pulse current in the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1 reaches the maximum, the short pulse current source is triggered by a trigger signal, the short pulse current is introduced into each coil in the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 according to a certain time delay, an induced eddy current can be generated in a to-be-tested piece, the to-be-tested piece can be acted by the action of Lorentz force under the action of the bias magnetic field to generate focused ultrasonic waves, the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 excites line focused ultrasonic waves, a relatively uniform ultrasonic sound field is generated in a detection area below the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3, and the spatial and temporal signal distribution of the ultrasonic waves in the detected area is obtained through a coil array of the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3; when the detected region is free of defects, the ultrasonic sound fields are uniformly distributed, and the amplitudes of the ultrasonic signals received by the coils in the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3 are the same; when a defect exists in a certain local area, the existence of the defect can generate certain disturbance to the distribution of an ultrasonic sound field, so that different changes occur to coil receiving signals near the defect in the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3; therefore, the defects are identified and preliminarily positioned by performing differential processing and similarity analysis on adjacent coil signals in the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3; and further, performing point-by-point automatic fine scanning on the preliminarily identified defect area by using phased array point focusing ultrasonic waves to acquire a receiving signal of a coil in the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3 in the area, analyzing the signal, imaging by using characteristic parameters of the signal, comparing, analyzing and processing the signal with an image of the defect-free area, and realizing automatic focusing imaging on the defect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages;
1. the probe has compact and flexible structure, and is suitable for ultrasonic detection under the conditions of narrow detection space and complex profile of a workpiece to be detected.
2. The probe adopts the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation units arranged in an array, generates line-focusing and point-focusing ultrasonic waves by regulating and controlling the trigger time of different units, can effectively enhance the signal intensity of a detection target area, and obviously improves the signal-to-noise ratio of a detection signal.
3. The probe adopts the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection units arranged in an array, adopts differential processing, similarity analysis and the like to a plurality of signals detected by the units at different positions, can quickly and accurately confirm the position and the size of the defect, and has higher defect detection sensitivity and lower omission factor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front configuration view of an electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe.
Fig. 2(a) and 2(b) are schematic diagrams of the coil shape and arrangement of the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit of the electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe, respectively.
Fig. 3(a) and fig. 3(b) are schematic diagrams respectively showing that the coils of the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit of the electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe are arranged in a rectangular array or a crossed rectangular matrix.
Fig. 4(a) and 4(b) are two arrangement diagrams of coils of the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit of the electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe respectively.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe used for detecting defects of a curved surface structure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a trigger signal and a pulse signal of a coil of the bias magnetic field unit electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit.
Fig. 7(a) and 7(b) are schematic diagrams of the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit respectively exciting the line focus ultrasonic wave and the point focus ultrasonic wave when the electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe is used for defect detection.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless otherwise noted, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. Exemplary embodiments according to the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These exemplary embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein.
The electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe comprises an electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1, an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2, an electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3 and a flexible substrate 4.
The electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1 is used for providing a bias magnetic field; the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 is used for exciting ultrasonic waves; the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3 is used for receiving ultrasonic signals; the flexible substrate 4 is used for fixing the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1, the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 and the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3; the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1 is driven by a long pulse current source; the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 is driven by a short pulse current source;
as shown in fig. 1, the front surface of the flexible electromagnetic ultrasonic array probe is provided with an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 and an adjacent electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3 on a flexible substrate 4, and both units are formed by arranging coils according to a certain arrangement.
The electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 is composed of a plurality of inflection coils or racetrack coils arranged in a rectangular array of m rows and n columns, for example, fig. 2(a) is an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit composed of 4 inflection coils arranged in a rectangular array, the inflection numbers of the inflection coils are different according to the expected excitation ultrasonic frequency, the spectrum bandwidth and the like, for example, fig. 2(b) is an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit composed of racetrack coils arranged in a linear array, the linear array is a special case when the number m of the rectangular array rows is 1, and the racetrack coil is a special case when the inflection number of the inflection coils is 1.
As shown in fig. 3(a) and 3(b), the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3 is composed of a plurality of disk-shaped coils arranged in a rectangular array of m rows and n columns or a crossed rectangular matrix.
The back of the flexible electromagnetic ultrasonic array probe is provided with an electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1 on a flexible substrate 4; the bias magnetic fields are arranged in two ways according to different magnetic field distribution and size requirements, the coverage area of the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1 shown in fig. 4(b) is the whole electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 and the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3, and the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field shown in fig. 4(a) is formed by connecting two rectangular coils in series and respectively covers the ranges of the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 and the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3.
Next, the present invention will be described with respect to electromagnetic ultrasonic testing of a curved surface flaw-containing test piece with reference to fig. 5, 6, 7(a) and 7 (b).
As shown in fig. 5, firstly, the flexible electromagnetic ultrasonic array probe provided by the invention is placed on the surface of a metal test piece to be tested in a tightly attached manner, as shown in fig. 6, a long pulse current source leads a long pulse current 6 into an electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1 under the trigger of a trigger signal 5, and a bias magnetic field is generated in the space; at the moment when the long pulse current 6 in the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit 1 reaches the maximum, the short pulse current source is triggered by the trigger signal 7, the short pulse current 8 is introduced into each coil in the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 according to a certain delay, an induced eddy current is generated in the metal piece to be tested, and the metal piece to be tested is acted by the lorentz force under the action of the bias magnetic field to generate focused ultrasonic waves, as shown in fig. 7(a), the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit 2 excites the line focused ultrasonic waves to generate a relatively uniform ultrasonic sound field in a detection area below the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3, and the ultrasonic time-space signal distribution of the detected area is obtained through the coil array of the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3. When the detected region is free of defects, the ultrasonic sound field is uniformly distributed, and the amplitudes of the ultrasonic signals received by the coils in the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3 are the same. When a defect exists in a certain local area, the existence of the defect can generate certain disturbance to the distribution of the ultrasonic sound field, so that different changes occur to coil receiving signals near the defect in the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3. Therefore, by adopting the methods of differential processing, similarity analysis and the like for the signals of the adjacent coils in the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3, the defects can be identified and preliminarily positioned. As shown in fig. 7(b), a phased array point focusing ultrasonic wave is further adopted to automatically and finely scan the preliminarily identified defect region point by point, receive signals of 5 coils in the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit 3 in the region are obtained, the signals are subjected to correlation analysis, imaging is performed by using characteristic parameters of the signals, and then comparison analysis and processing are performed on the signals and the image of the defect-free region, so that automatic focusing imaging on the defect is realized.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a flexible array probe of electromagnetism supersound for curved surface structure defect detection which characterized in that: the device comprises a flexible substrate (4), wherein an electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit (1) is arranged on the front surface of the flexible substrate (4), and an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit (2) and an electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit (3) are arranged on the back surface of the flexible substrate (4);
the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit (1) is driven by a long pulse current source and is used for providing a bias magnetic field required by electromagnetic ultrasonic; the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit (2) is driven by a short pulse current source and is used for exciting ultrasonic signals, and the line focusing and the point focusing of the excited ultrasonic waves can be realized by respectively controlling the excitation time delay of each coil in the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit; the coil of the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit (3) is used for receiving ultrasonic signals;
the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit (1), the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit (2) and the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit (3) are fixed on the flexible substrate (4) to jointly form an electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe.
2. The electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe for detecting the defects of the curved surface structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit (2) is formed by arranging more than two zigzag coils or runway coils in a rectangular array form; the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit (3) is formed by arranging more than two disk-shaped coils in a rectangular array or a crossed rectangular array.
3. The electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe for detecting the defects of the curved surface structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit (1) is a rectangular coil.
4. The electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe for detecting the defects of the curved surface structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the number of the rectangular coils is one, and the coverage range of the rectangular coils is the whole electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit (2) and the whole electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit (3); or the number of the rectangular coils is two, and the two rectangular coils respectively cover the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit (2) and the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit (3).
5. The method for detecting the electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe for detecting the defects of the curved surface structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: firstly, an electromagnetic ultrasonic flexible array probe is tightly attached to the surface of a to-be-tested piece, a long pulse current source is triggered by a trigger signal, long pulse current is introduced into an electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit (1), and a bias magnetic field is generated in the space; when the long pulse current in the electromagnetic ultrasonic bias magnetic field unit (1) reaches the maximum, the short pulse current source is triggered by a trigger signal, the short pulse current is introduced into each coil in the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit (2) according to a certain time delay, an induced eddy current can be generated in a to-be-tested piece, the to-be-tested piece can be acted by a Lorentz force under the action of the bias magnetic field to generate focused ultrasonic waves, the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation unit (2) excites the line to focus the ultrasonic waves, a relatively uniform ultrasonic sound field is generated in a detection area below the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit (3), and the spatial and temporal signal distribution of the ultrasonic waves in the detected area is obtained through a coil array of the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit (3); when the detected region is free of defects, the ultrasonic sound field is uniformly distributed, and the amplitudes of ultrasonic signals received by coils in the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit (3) are the same; when a defect exists in a certain local area, the defect generates certain disturbance to the distribution of an ultrasonic sound field, so that coil receiving signals near the defect in the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit (3) are changed differently; therefore, the defects are identified and preliminarily positioned by performing differential processing and similarity analysis on adjacent coil signals in the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit (3); and further, performing point-by-point automatic fine scanning on the preliminarily identified defect area by using phased array point focusing ultrasonic waves to acquire a receiving signal of a coil in the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection unit (3) in the area, analyzing the signal, imaging by using characteristic parameters of the signal, comparing, analyzing and processing the signal with an image of the defect-free area, and realizing automatic focusing imaging on the defect.
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