CN106645420B - Bar ultrasound line style array image-forming detection method based on Fermat's principle - Google Patents
Bar ultrasound line style array image-forming detection method based on Fermat's principle Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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Abstract
The bar ultrasound line style array image-forming detection method based on Fermat's principle that the invention discloses a kind of comprising: using phased array linear array and for the voussoir of linear array coupling bar；Bar size is set in ultrasonic simulation software, according to practical linear array parameter and A sweep signal setting linear array and signal source, it carries out electronic scanning and obtains each array element A sweep signal, and each array element acoustic transit time is calculated according to Fermat's principle, to the computing relay time, A sweep signal after delay is successively overlapped, form the A sweep signal with deflection focusing effect, these superimposed A sweep signals carry out B-scan imaging according to its propagation path, can determine whether defect and other structures position according to imaging point amplitude maximum position each after imaging.The shortcomings that present invention can overcome Thin-diameter rod ultrasound contact method and water seaoning longitudinal wave to detect, has good prospect for promotion and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nondestructive testing of phased array ultrasonic longitudinal wave imaging of small-diameter bars, in particular to a method for performing ultrasonic longitudinal wave imaging detection on bars by adopting a phased array ultrasonic linear array based on the Fermat principle.
Background
The small-diameter bar is an important raw material for aerospace key parts, important connecting structure bolts, wind tunnel balances, high-pressure connectors, valves and other parts, and the ultrasonic longitudinal wave nondestructive testing is usually carried out by adopting a direct contact method and a water immersion method. The schematic diagram of longitudinal wave detection of a small-diameter bar material by a common straight probe direct contact method is shown in fig. 1. Because the curvature radius of the small-diameter bar is small, if a common straight probe is used for detecting radial incident longitudinal waves on the peripheral surface by a direct contact method, the coupling is poor, the near surface resolution is limited, the bar is always completely positioned in a near field region, surface deformation waves can generate strong interference, the signal-to-noise ratio is low, and even the initial wave occupying width can reach more than the radius of the bar. If the position of the probe is slightly deviated, the sound beam can be deflected and scattered in the bar, the signal-to-noise ratio is reduced, and even the echo signal cannot be received. For the reasons, the longitudinal wave detection of the small-diameter bar by using the common straight probe direct contact method is extremely difficult. Although the water immersion ultrasonic method overcomes the defects of poor coupling, large detection blind area, more noise waves, low signal-to-noise ratio and the like of a direct probe direct contact method, the water immersion ultrasonic method usually needs a large water tank and an automatic control system to operate a probe and a workpiece (roll bars to perform B scanning imaging), as shown in fig. 2, the water immersion ultrasonic method is not beneficial to field detection, has large limitation on the length and the size of the detected bars, and can corrode the bars to a certain extent after long-time water immersion.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide a bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method based on the Fermat principle, which can quickly obtain high-resolution direct imaging of the bar and improve the detection efficiency.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method based on the fermat principle, comprising the steps of:
1) coupling a linear array of phased arrays with wedges for the linear array to couple the rods; the number of the array elements of the linear array is n, the width of the array elements is e, and the spacing between the array elements is d; setting an ultrasonic pulse signal with the frequency f according to the actual ultrasonic time domain parameters;
2) establishing a two-dimensional circumferential section model of a small-diameter bar, and setting the diameters and positions of defects of the wedge block and the circular hole in the model;
3) sequentially exciting 1-n array elements to obtain n A scanning signals, wherein time domain data of each A scanning signal forms a txt file, and n txt files are obtained in total; reading the n txt files to form an n-column data matrix A;
4) according to the relative positions of the 1-n array elements and the circular hole-shaped defects, the shortest propagation time of ultrasonic waves excited by the 1-n array elements to reach the defect positions is calculated according to the Fermat principle, the relative delay time of each array element is calculated, and the 1-n array elements are delayed to form an n-row delay time matrix B;
5) respectively carrying out delay processing on 1-n columns of data in the matrix A according to 1-n rows of delay time data in the matrix B to form a delayed data matrix C;
6) superposing each i rows of data starting from the 1 st row of data in the matrix C, namely 1-i, 2-i +1 and 3-i +2 … … 49-i +48 rows of data to form n-i +1 groups of A scanning time domain signals with deflection focusing effects;
7) and (3) carrying out Hilbert transformation on the n-i +1 groups of A scanning time domain signals, sequentially arranging propagation paths generated according to the shortest propagation time of sound beam propagation to form a B scanning image of the bar, wherein the maximum value position of the amplitude of each imaging point in the image is the position of each imaging point.
Preferably, in the step 2), a two-dimensional circumferential section model of the bar is established by using Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) ultrasonic simulation software WAVE.
Preferably, in step 1), the wedge is Rexolite of polystyrene material and has a density of 1050kg/m3The speed of sound is, for example, 2326 m/s.
Preferably, the array element signal source of the linear array is an ultrasonic Gaussian sine pulse signal.
Preferably, in the step 3), 1 to n array elements are sequentially excited in an electronic scanning manner, and n a-line signal txt files generated by reading the n array elements by MATLAB software are used to form n columns of data matrix a.
Preferably, in the relative delay time of each array element in the step 4), the time delay of 1 and n array elements is minimum, and the time delay of the middle array element is maximum.
Preferably, the shortest propagation time T of the ultrasonic wave emitted by each sub-array element of the linear array to the defectiThe calculation is carried out by using the formulas (1), (2) and (3):
wherein,
d is the array element spacing
c1、c2Is the speed of sound in the media 1, 2.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method based on the Fermat principle and applicable to the bar can calculate the shortest time for sound waves emitted by each sub-array element to propagate to the defect according to the Fermat principle according to the relative positions of the n sub-array elements and the defect of the linear array, set the relative delay time of each array element according to the ultrasonic time domain signal propagation time of each sub-array element, delay n time domain signals, sequentially superpose each i groups of A scanning signals to form n-i +1 groups of A scanning signals with deflection focusing effect, and finally arrange the n-i +1 groups of A scanning signals according to the propagation path to form a B scanning image of the bar. The method solves the defects of low signal-to-noise ratio, more clutter and poor coupling of a small-diameter bar ultrasonic direct contact method and the defects that longitudinal wave detection of a water immersion method needs an automatic control system to control a probe and roll the bar and is not beneficial to field implementation. The invention utilizes the linear array and the wedge block which are arranged on the probe, and utilizes the wedge block to contact the bar, thereby not only realizing the direct firing defect of the sound beam and overcoming the problem of poor direct contact coupling of the straight probe, but also quickly realizing B scanning imaging without mechanical and automatic equipment, conveniently and quickly obtaining the high-resolution visual imaging of the bar, improving the detection efficiency and having good popularization and application prospects.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional straight probe direct contact method for detecting small-diameter bars in the prior art, which shows normal contact;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional straight probe direct contact method for detecting small-diameter bars in the prior art, which shows deviated contact;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a prior art water immersion ultrasonic testing apparatus for small-diameter bars;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method based on the Fermat principle according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a delay time calculation schematic of the Fermat principle;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an inspection model implemented in the WAVE software according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a bar position-amplitude three-dimensional imaging of a bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method based on the Fermat principle according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 shows a bar B scan image of the bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method based on the fermat principle according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
The fermat principle, i.e., the propagation of an acoustic wave from one point to another in any medium, follows the shortest path of time required. According to this principle, as shown in FIG. 5, and according to the formulas (1), (2) and (3),unknown quantity is only xbTherefore, the shortest propagation time T from the ultrasonic wave emitted by each subarray element of the linear array to the defect can be calculatediAnd the delay time of each array element can be calculated respectively. And respectively carrying out delay processing on the A scanning signals of each sub-array element according to the delay time of each sub-array element, and superposing each i A scanning signals to form n-i + 1A scanning signals with deflection focusing effects. And carrying out Hilbert transformation on the n-i + 1A scanning signals to convert radio frequency signals into envelope signals. And sequentially arranging the n-i +1 groups of envelope signals according to the propagation path of the sound beam to form a B scanning image of the bar, wherein the maximum amplitude position of each imaging point in the image is the position of each imaging point.
Wherein,
d is the array element spacing
c1、c2Is the speed of sound in the media 1, 2.
As shown in fig. 4, the invention provides a bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method based on the fermat principle, which comprises the following steps:
(1) coupling a linear array of phased arrays with wedges for the linear array to couple the rods; setting a linear array with n array elements, e array element width and d array element spacing according to actual phased array linear array parameters, and setting a Gaussian sine pulse signal with the frequency of f according to actual ultrasonic time domain parameters;
(2) establishing a two-dimensional circumferential section model of a small-diameter bar in Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) ultrasonic simulation software WAVE, setting the diameter and the position of a circular hole defect in the model, and setting a wedge block for coupling the bar in a linear array;
(3) sequentially exciting 1-n array elements according to an electronic scanning mode to obtain n A scanning signals, wherein time domain data of each A scanning signal form a txt file, and n txt files are obtained in total;
(4) reading the n txt files in MATLAB software to form n columns of data matrixes A;
(5) according to the relative positions of the 1-n array elements and the defects, the shortest propagation time of the ultrasonic waves excited by the 1-n array elements to reach the defect positions is calculated according to the Fermat principle, the relative delay time of each array element is calculated, the time delay of the 1-n array elements is the minimum (equal to 0), the time delay of the middle array element is the maximum, and the time delay of the 1-n array elements forms an n-row delay time matrix B;
(6) respectively carrying out delay processing on 1-n columns of data in the matrix A according to 1-n rows of delay time data in the matrix B to form a delayed data matrix C;
(7) superposing each i rows of data starting from the 1 st row of data in the matrix C, namely 1-i, 2-i +1 and 3-i +2 … … 49-i +48 rows of data to form n-i +1 groups of A scanning time domain signals with deflection focusing effects;
(8) and (3) carrying out Hilbert transformation on the n-i +1 groups of A scanning time domain signals, sequentially arranging propagation paths generated according to the shortest propagation time of sound beam propagation to form a B scanning image of the bar, wherein the maximum value position of the amplitude of each imaging point in the image is the position of each imaging point.
Example 1
Taking the example that the diameter phi 30 of a bar 100 is set in WAVE software and the centre is provided with a phi 2 circular hole defect 101, the bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method based on the Fermat principle comprises the following steps:
(1) a bar two-dimensional detection model is established in WAVE software, and as shown in figure 6, the dimension of the model is set to be 30 x 45mm2The diameter of the bar is phi 30, the medium is carbon steel, and the density is 7900kg/m3The sound velocity was 5900 m/s. The wedge 200 between the linear array and the rod is made of a polystyrene material with Rexolite as the medium and 1050kg/m of density3The speed of sound is 2326 m/s. And the center of the bar is provided with a model phi 2 circular hole defect, and the medium is air. The bottom surface of the model is set as a rigid boundary 201, and the remaining three surfaces are absorption boundaries 202.
(2) A linear array is arranged right above the model, the array parameters are 64 array elements, the width of the array elements is 0.55mm, and the spacing between the array elements is 0.6 mm. The signal source is set as a Gaussian sine pulse signal with the center frequency of 5MHz, the model calculates the time interval to be 0.0028 mu s, and the step 10598 is carried out.
(3) Sequentially exciting 1-64 array elements according to an electronic scanning mode, receiving 1-64 array element echo signals, and generating 64 txt files of A scanning time domain signals.
(4) And (3) calculating the shortest time for the sound wave generated by each array element to propagate to the defect according to the formulas (1), (2) and (3), and calculating the delay time to form a delay time matrix B with 64 rows of delay time.
(5) And (3) reading the 64 txt files in the step (3) in MATLAB software to form a 64-column data matrix A, reading a matrix B, and sequentially delaying each column of the matrix A according to the delay time of each row of the matrix B by using a delay function delayseq to generate a new matrix C. The 1-16, 2-17 … … 49-64 columns of data in the matrix C are overlapped to generate a matrix D with 49 columns of data. And performing Hilbert transformation on each line of data in the matrix D to form a matrix H.
(6) And calculating a horizontal position matrix X and a depth position matrix Y of the matrix H according to the propagation path of each column of data in the D, and drawing according to the matrix H, X, Y to form a position-amplitude three-dimensional image and a B scanning image. As shown in fig. 7, the three-dimensional position-amplitude image includes imaging points of an initial pulse 701, a bar surface 702, a defect 703 and a bar bottom 704. As shown in fig. 8, each imaging point is sequentially an originating pulse imaging 801, a bar surface imaging 802, a defect imaging 803 and a bar bottom imaging 804, and the position of the maximum amplitude value is the position of each imaging point.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method based on the Fermat principle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) coupling a linear array of phased arrays with wedges for the linear array to couple the rods; the number of the array elements of the linear array is n, the width of the array elements is e, and the spacing between the array elements is d; setting an ultrasonic pulse signal with the frequency f according to the actual ultrasonic time domain parameters;
2) establishing a two-dimensional circumferential section model of a small-diameter bar, and setting the diameters and positions of defects of the wedge block and the circular hole in the model;
3) sequentially exciting 1-n array elements to obtain n A scanning signals, wherein time domain data of each A scanning signal forms a txt file, and n txt files are obtained in total; reading the n txt files to form an n-column data matrix A;
4) according to the relative positions of the 1-n array elements and the circular hole defects, the shortest propagation time of ultrasonic waves excited by the 1-n array elements to reach the defect positions is calculated according to the Fermat principle, the relative delay time of each array element is calculated, and the 1-n array elements are delayed to form an n-row delay time matrix B;
5) respectively carrying out delay processing on 1-n columns of data in the matrix A according to 1-n rows of delay time data in the matrix B to form a delayed data matrix C;
6) superposing each i rows of data starting from the 1 st row of data in the matrix C, namely 1-i, 2-i +1 and 3-i +2 … … 49-i +48 rows of data to form n-i +1 groups of A scanning time domain signals with deflection focusing effects;
7) and (3) carrying out Hilbert transformation on the n-i +1 groups of A scanning time domain signals, sequentially arranging propagation paths generated according to the shortest propagation time of sound beam propagation to form a B scanning image of the bar, wherein the maximum value position of the amplitude of each imaging point in the image is the position of each imaging point.
2. The Fermat principle-based bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), a two-dimensional circumferential section model of the bar is established by using finite-difference time-domain ultrasonic simulation WAVE software.
3. The Fermat principle-based bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method as claimed in claim 1, wherein n A scanning signal txt files generated by reading n array elements in step 3) form n columns of data matrix A.
4. The Fermat principle-based bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the wedge block is Rexolite polystyrene material.
5. The bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method based on the Fermat principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic probe signal source is a Gaussian pulse signal.
6. The bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method based on the Fermat principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3) sequentially excites 1-n array elements by using an electronic scanning mode.
7. The bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method based on the Fermat principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the relative delay time of each array element in the step 4), the time delay of 1 and n array elements is minimum, and the time delay of the middle array element is maximum.
8. The Fermat principle-based bar ultrasonic linear array imaging detection method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shortest propagation time T from ultrasonic waves emitted by each sub-array element of the linear array to the defectiThe calculation is carried out by using the formulas (1), (2) and (3):
wherein,
d is the array element spacing
c1、c2Is the speed of sound in the media 1, 2.
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| CN110575202B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2020-06-02 | 华中科技大学 | Ultrasonic CT image reconstruction method and system based on Fermat principle |
| CN111077227B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-11-02 | 华南理工大学 | Ultrasonic array scanning inversion method, system, storage medium and equipment |
| CN111239246B (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-05-04 | 大连理工大学 | Curved surface structure defect full-focusing imaging method for screening effective signals step by step |
| CN113899816B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-06-17 | 国营芜湖机械厂 | Ultrasonic nondestructive testing device and method for T-shaped composite structure and R-region testing method and device |
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| CN1521501A (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2004-08-18 | 上海市计{技术研究所 | Method for phased array ultrasonic detection system to control focusing, scanning and receiving of sound beam |
| CN102175766A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2011-09-07 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | On-line detection system and detection method for pipe (bar) ultrasonic phased array |
| CN106093205A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-11-09 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of thick-walled structure defect inspection method based on the ultrasonic synthetic aperture focusing of oblique incidence |
| CN106198742A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-12-07 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Phased array electromagnetic ultrasound method and device |
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| CN1521501A (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2004-08-18 | 上海市计{技术研究所 | Method for phased array ultrasonic detection system to control focusing, scanning and receiving of sound beam |
| CN102175766A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2011-09-07 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | On-line detection system and detection method for pipe (bar) ultrasonic phased array |
| CN106093205A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-11-09 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of thick-walled structure defect inspection method based on the ultrasonic synthetic aperture focusing of oblique incidence |
| CN106198742A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-12-07 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Phased array electromagnetic ultrasound method and device |
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