CN1519971A - Fuel cell system of proton exchange membrane with air being circulated partially - Google Patents

Fuel cell system of proton exchange membrane with air being circulated partially Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1519971A
CN1519971A CNA031027903A CN03102790A CN1519971A CN 1519971 A CN1519971 A CN 1519971A CN A031027903 A CNA031027903 A CN A031027903A CN 03102790 A CN03102790 A CN 03102790A CN 1519971 A CN1519971 A CN 1519971A
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China
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air
fuel cell
loop
water
circulation
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CNA031027903A
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CN1280936C (en
Inventor
明 侯
侯明
张海锋
燕希强
衣宝廉
张华民
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Sunrise Power Co Ltd
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The fuel cell system includes hydrogen loop, air loop and cooling water loop. The invention emphases on air circulation loop. Main flow of the air circulation loop is as following: air from air compressor entering into cathode of fuel cell; after electrochemical reaction, carrying out gas water separation by water separator; partial separated air through circulating pump returning back to intake of cathode to take part in circulation of air loop, and partial separated air being discharged to atmosphere. Air circulation ratio of air loop is 0.015-0.065. Separated water is returned back to intake of cooling chamber of fuel cell.

Description

Have the proton exchange film fuel battery system that air partly circulates
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of proton exchange film fuel battery system, the method that this system adopts air partly to circulate adopts this kind method, can reach the purpose of cell cathode humidification, thereby replaces conventional humidifier, and system is simplified; In addition, adopt the method for air circulation, also can increase the flow velocity of cell cathode side air, the linear velocity of gas in the flow field is increased, help generating the discharge of water; The method that adopts air partly to circulate can improve the utilance of air to a certain extent, reduces the load of air compressor machine.
Background technology
Fuel cell is a kind of Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) that chemical energy in fuel and the oxidant is converted into electric energy by the electrocatalytic reaction on the electrode.It is not subjected to the restriction of Carnot cycle, can efficiently chemical energy be converted into electric energy.So far people have developed the fuel cell of five types of alkalescence, phosphatic type, fused carbonate type, high-temperature solid electrolyte type and proton exchange models etc.Wherein Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell is called for short PEMFC) has wide application prospect, and its energy cold-starting is simple in structure, easy to operate; Be acknowledged as the first-selected energy of electric automobile, regional power station, portable power supply, submarine, spacecraft etc.
The PEM fuel cell is to be electrolyte, hydrogen or to purify reformation gas be that fuel, air or oxygen are the fuel cell of oxidant with perfluorinated sulfonic acid type solid polymer, and under the effect of catalyst, anode reaction is when battery operated:
The electronics that this electrode reaction produces arrives negative electrode through external circuit, and hydrogen ion then arrives negative electrode through dielectric film.Oxygen and hydrogen ion and electronics are at the negative electrode generation water that reacts:
The water major part that generates exists with liquid form, usually by electrode with the reaction end gas draining.
Fuel cell power generating system also comprises the system that is complementary with it except being made up of fuel cell module, as the feed system of fuel and oxidant, hydro-thermal management system, control system etc.Fuel and oxidant feed system are to be used to provide the needed chemical reactant of fuel cell power generation; The hydro-thermal management system is to be used for managing the water of battery generation and the humidification of heat and battery; Control system is to realize battery operated state is controlled or monitored by some valve members and senser element.Rational system design can be improved the electric output performance of battery, and system is simplified as far as possible, thereby the parasitic load of minimizing system improves the electricity generation system efficient of fuel cell.
Document 1 (Jefferson YS Yang, ＂ Anode stream recirculation system for a fuelcell ＂, [P] .US:2002/0150801,2002.); Document 2 (Naoto Kashiwagi, ＂ Fuel CellPower Plant ＂, [P] US:2002/0136942,2002); Document 3 (Robert D.Merritt, Brian N.Gorbell, ＂ Electrochemical Fuel Cell System with a Regulated Vacuum Electorfor Recirculation of the Fluid Fuel Stream ＂, [P] US:5441821) method that has adopted anodic gas fuel (being generally hydrogen or reformation gas) to circulate can realize improving the utilance of fuel and the humidification purpose before fuel gas enters battery.
Fig. 1 is the flow arrangement of document 1, anode fuel gas (as hydrogen) enters the anode of fuel cell from hydrogen jar 1, through reacted tail gas, returns the inlet of hydrogen in 5 minutes behind the water through water distributing can, the formation of a hydrogen circulation circuit 6 like this is to rely on hydrogen injection pump 3 to realize.Oxygen enters the negative electrode of battery from oxygen jar 7, is discharged in the atmosphere through water distributing can 9 through reacted tail gas, and the water of telling enters water tank 10, participates in water loop 11 circulations.
Document 2 adopts and document 1 similar thought, but adopts two hydrogen recycle loop 5C and 5D, as shown in Figure 2.This is to consider that the jet pump of certain model can only be in certain hydrogen flow rate scope effectively, when being the generating of fuel cell low-power for underload, the inlet hydrogen flowing quantity is lower, jet pump does not have hydrogen backflow effect in this scope, therefore, document 2 refluxes hydrogen and is divided into two branch road 5C, 5D, and loop 5D realizes that by jet pump 6 hydrogen refluxes, and when the little load of battery discharges, rely on reflux pump 11 to reflux through loop 5C.Oxygen or air tail gas are directly to be discharged in the atmosphere in this invention.
Document 3 proposes another hydrogen gas circulating method, as shown in Figure 3, the hydrogen that comes from hydrogen jar 1 enters battery 4 through pressure maintaining valve 3, the pressure that records when transducer 6 is closed electromagnetically operated valve 2, at this moment during greater than a set-point P1, there is not live gas to enter battery, hydrogen tail gas is through check (non-return) valve 5, and humidifier 7 and check (non-return) valve 8 return battery 4, forms self-loopa; When sensor when the pressure of hydrogen tail gas is lower than another set-point P2, electromagnetically operated valve 2 is opened, virgin gas reenters battery, repeats said process.Here Ru Kou hydrogen is not an isobaric procedure.
The middle cathode side of document 4 (Hiroshi Shimanuki, Yoshio Kusano, Toshiktsu Katagiri, MotohiroSuzuki, ＂ Fuel Cell System ＂, [P] US2002/0119356) need be provided with humidifier and carry out humidification.
Above-mentioned several pieces of documents all relate to the round-robin method of anode hydrogen gas, all adopt the directly method of discharging of tail gas for cathode air or oxygen side.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of proton exchange film fuel battery system that air partly circulates that has.
Proton exchange film fuel battery system provided by the invention is provided with hydrogen loop, air loop and chilled(cooling) water return (CWR), and this air circulation loop is to be connected to form by an air compressor machine and the circulating pump negative electrode by fuel cell.
The invention provides its flow process of said system is: air enters the negative electrode of fuel cell by air compressor machine, through after the electrochemical reaction, carries out gas-water separation.An isolated air part turns back to the circulation that cell cathode is participated in air loop, and a part is discharged in the atmosphere.Isolated water turns back to the porch of fuel cell cooling chamber, participates in the circulation in water route.
In the present invention, stipulated the scope of air circulation ratio.Here given recycle ratio is defined as: the ratio of circulating flow rate and total tail air displacement.Here recommend optimal air recycle ratio scope to be recommended as: 0.015-0.065.
The effect that air of the present invention partly circulates is:
1) gives fuel cell intake air humidification, avoid system to establish air humidifier in addition;
As previously mentioned, during Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells work, anode reaction is the oxidation reaction of hydrogen, the hydrogen ion that generates is to be delivered to negative electrode by proton exchange membrane (adopting the Nafion perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane of E.I.Du Pont Company now usually), thereby with the oxygen reduction water generation reaction in the negative electrode, proton exchange membrane is a kind of solid electrolyte, only under the wetting state of water, the ability proton conducting, therefore, in order to guarantee the good electrical output performance of battery,, to carry out humidification to dry gas usually in the porch of reaction gas, usually the method that adopts is that humidifier (as document 4) is set, make dry gas before entering battery earlier through humidification, bring portion of water into, guarantee that successful reaction carries out.Adopt the way of part air circulation of the present invention, can play purpose into the implication humidification.This be because, carrying out along with electrochemical reaction in the battery, negative electrode can constantly generate water, these water permeate, move to the anode except a part, most of can accumulate in negative electrode and along with the air or oxygen tail gas of negative electrode is discharged, the present invention utilizes the part circulation of tail gas just, make a part generate water and become humidification water, thereby humidifier in addition, make system obtain simplifying.
2) flow velocity of increase cathode gas increases generating the purging of water in the fuel cell;
Water is one of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells primary product, and the generation water of fuel cell needs in time to discharge, and the anti-accumulation of sealing on electrode is the generation of the water logging phenomenon of electrode.If electrode generation water logging can increase the resistance of reaction gas to the catalysis interfacial diffusion, influence the carrying out of electrochemical reaction in the battery, will directly cause the decay of battery performance.The discharge that general fuel cell generates water is to carry secretly by the purging of gas to finish, and therefore just needs reacting gas to have certain linear velocity in the flow field.Partly circulate by air, can on original basis, improve the speed that air flows in the flow field, improve the purging ability that battery is generated water, guarantee the stability of battery operation.
3) improve the utilance of reacting cathode gas, reduce the parasitism load of system, improve fuel cell efficiency;
The utilance of fuel cell reaction gas is generally defined as under certain power, participates in the ratio of tolerance with the effective supply tolerance of the consumption of battery chemistries reacting gas.Improve the utilance of gas, can improve the efficient of fuel cell.The method that adopts air or oxygen partly to circulate, can correspondingly improve the utilance of gas, in the present invention, air utilization ratio can be brought up to more than 60%, reduced the parasitic load of system, as under same power, the power consumption of air compressor machine can reduce about 10%, thereby has improved the net power output of fuel cell.
Of the present invention about air part round-robin method, yet there are no open report.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are respectively the hydrogen return-flow system schematic diagram of document 1,2,3.
Fig. 4 is an air part circulatory system schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 4, have a fuel cell system schematic flow sheet that air partly circulates for of the present invention, form by fuel cell module 2, air loop A and cooling water circulation loop W, wherein air circulation loop is emphasis of the present invention (because the present invention does not relate to the anode hydrogen gas loop, being ignored here).
The air that comes from air compressor machine 1 enters the negative electrode of fuel cell 2, through after the electrochemical reaction, enter water knockout drum 3 and carry out gas-water separation, air part behind the branch water is discharged in the atmosphere through valve 7, another part is through circulating pump 4, and the inlet that turns back to fuel cell 4 negative electrodes is participated in the circulation of air loop A.The water of telling from water knockout drum relies on pressure to enter water tank 5, and process water pump 6 is got to the porch of fuel cell 2 cooling chambers, participates in the circulation of water route W.
By the foregoing invention design, designed proton exchange film fuel battery system as shown in Figure 4, the rated power of fuel cell is 20kW, and anode adopts the High Pressure Hydrogen gas cylinder that hydrogen is provided, and negative electrode adopts air compressor that air is provided.Hydrogen enters battery through pressure reducer and pressurizer, and inlet pressure is 0.2MPa; The inlet pressure of air is 0.21MPa.Under rated output power, the flow of air is 80Nm3/h, utilizes circulating pump to make the part air circulation, and recycle ratio is respectively 0.02 and 0.05, and its battery performance and the traditional performance that does not have air circulation are more as shown in table 1.Export when identical at power, the in-fighting of air compressor machine can reduce 12.8% and 18.0% respectively.
Table 1 adopts air part cycle battery performance relatively
Recycle ratio Rated power Peak power Air utilization ratio
????0 ??20kW 21.1kW ??40％
????0.02 ??20kW 23.8kW ??50％
????0.05 ??20kW 24.9kW ??65％
The effect of invention:
1, adopt the technology of the present invention, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells air side can not established humidifier, has simplified system;
2, adopt the technology of the present invention, can in the situation of same air demand, the electric output performance of fuel cell is significantly improved;
3, adopt the technology of the present invention, in the situation of same electricity output, the in-fighting of air compressor machine is reduced, improved fuel cell system efficient;
4, system flow of the present invention is succinct, is easy to realize.

Claims (4)

1, a kind ofly have a proton exchange film fuel battery system that air partly circulates, be provided with hydrogen loop, air circulation loop and chilled(cooling) water return (CWR), this air loop is connected to form by an air compressor machine and the circulating pump negative electrode by fuel cell;
The main flow process of this air circulation loop is: air enters the negative electrode of fuel cell by air compressor machine, through after the electrochemical reaction, carries out gas-water separation; The inlet that an isolated air part turns back to cell cathode by circulating pump is participated in the circulation of air loop, and another part air is disposed in the atmosphere.
2, proton exchange film fuel battery system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the air circulation of described air loop is than being 0.015-0.065.
3, proton exchange fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 system is characterized in that the water that described gas-water separation goes out turns back to the porch of fuel cell cooling chamber, participates in the circulation in water route.
4, as claim 1 or 3 described proton exchange fuel cell systems, it is characterized in that described gas-water separation is to be separated by water knockout drum.
CNB031027903A 2003-01-21 2003-01-21 Fuel cell system of proton exchange membrane with air being circulated partially Expired - Lifetime CN1280936C (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100405651C (en) * 2004-08-25 2008-07-23 丰田自动车株式会社 Fuel cell system
CN102035008A (en) * 2010-11-16 2011-04-27 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 Fuel battery system using vessel-contained oxygen gas as oxidizer and control system thereof
CN102460797A (en) * 2009-04-21 2012-05-16 Dcns公司 Device for producing electricity for a submarine comprising a fuel cell
CN102751521A (en) * 2012-07-03 2012-10-24 新源动力股份有限公司 Heating system for starting fuel cell at low temperature with air backflow and heating method thereof
CN103787469A (en) * 2014-01-16 2014-05-14 中国航天员科研训练中心 Integrated organic wastewater treatment and energy recovery system
CN104716359A (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-17 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Membrane separation structure water separator for proton exchange membrane fuel cell and with water interception device
CN107749485A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-02 黑冻科技有限公司 For driving the hydrogen fuel cell monomer structure of new energy sky iron
CN111106367A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-05-05 江苏大学 System for avoiding secondary icing cold start failure of fuel cell and control method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2839945C (en) 2011-06-28 2020-06-23 Liquid Robotics, Inc. Watercraft that harvest both locomotive thrust and electrical power from wave motion

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100405651C (en) * 2004-08-25 2008-07-23 丰田自动车株式会社 Fuel cell system
CN102460797A (en) * 2009-04-21 2012-05-16 Dcns公司 Device for producing electricity for a submarine comprising a fuel cell
CN102035008A (en) * 2010-11-16 2011-04-27 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 Fuel battery system using vessel-contained oxygen gas as oxidizer and control system thereof
CN102035008B (en) * 2010-11-16 2014-08-13 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 Fuel battery system using vessel-contained oxygen gas as oxidizer and control system thereof
CN102751521A (en) * 2012-07-03 2012-10-24 新源动力股份有限公司 Heating system for starting fuel cell at low temperature with air backflow and heating method thereof
CN102751521B (en) * 2012-07-03 2014-08-13 新源动力股份有限公司 Heating system for starting fuel cell at low temperature with air backflow and heating method thereof
CN104716359A (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-17 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Membrane separation structure water separator for proton exchange membrane fuel cell and with water interception device
CN103787469A (en) * 2014-01-16 2014-05-14 中国航天员科研训练中心 Integrated organic wastewater treatment and energy recovery system
CN103787469B (en) * 2014-01-16 2016-02-10 中国航天员科研训练中心 Integration treatment of Organic Wastewater and energy recovery system
CN107749485A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-02 黑冻科技有限公司 For driving the hydrogen fuel cell monomer structure of new energy sky iron
CN111106367A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-05-05 江苏大学 System for avoiding secondary icing cold start failure of fuel cell and control method

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Owner name: XINYUAN POWER CO., LTD.

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