CN1519209A - 一种复合纳米生物介质 - Google Patents

一种复合纳米生物介质 Download PDF

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CN1519209A
CN1519209A CNA031403603A CN03140360A CN1519209A CN 1519209 A CN1519209 A CN 1519209A CN A031403603 A CNA031403603 A CN A031403603A CN 03140360 A CN03140360 A CN 03140360A CN 1519209 A CN1519209 A CN 1519209A
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涉 张
张涉
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Shenzhen Longcheng High Tech Environmental Protection Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种适用于各种有机废水处理的复合纳米生物介质,其成分和重量百分含量为:基材48%~68%,造孔剂碳酸氢铵3%~4%,水泥胶结剂35%~45%,芯材3-5%,所述的基材为纳米活性炭、微孔膨胀蛭石、纳米孔海泡石、纳米孔沸石、微珠粉煤灰或其类似物的一种或多种任意比例的混合物,所述的芯材为颗粒活性炭,将所述各底料成分定量粉碎至粒度为100~200目、混合、喷30~40℃热水造球、常温凝结、固化,得粒径3~20mm,微孔直径20~200μm微孔,比表面积50~200m2/g的复合纳米生物介质,解决了现有介质比表面积小、吸附、固定能力弱、脱色效果差等问题,具有吸附、固定性能好、所吸附微生物活性高、再生能力强、生物氧化、硝化、脱色效果好及本身可以反复再生等优点,广泛适用于生活污水、厕所粪尿污水、养殖废水等各种有机废水的处理。

Description

一种复合纳米生物介质
技术领域  本发明涉及一种用于有机废水处理工艺的复合纳米生物介质,更具体地说,涉及一种适合于处理城市生活污水及各种有机废水的生物氧化、吸附脱色、硝化等的纳米生物介质。
背景技术  在现有污水处理技术中,比较典型、应用较广的处理方法有UNITANK、生物膜、SBR、传统活性污泥法、三沟式氧化法以及这些工艺的结合、改良型,虽然各具特色,但都涉及到微生物的应用及为其提供有效工作的工艺条件。微生物技术应用于有机废水的处理已有较长时间,日本于20世纪80年代末开始利用微生物降解粪便,此后,环保界开始通过各种方法,利用各种微生物去处理有机污水,涌现出了一大批专用微生物菌剂,但微生物的降解效果却仍然不够理想,主要表现在投加的外源微生物活性低,再生能力弱,需要不断补充,其主要原因除了微生物菌群本身比较单一、复合菌群少、分解能力弱外,另一个关键因素是没有可反复再生的、性能良好的吸附、固定微生物的介质,致使投加的外源微生物极易随水漂流,影响了专用微生物作为优势种群的数量。目前应用的介质主要有陶粒、聚苯乙烯球粒、组合介质、弹性立体介质等,这些产品由于比表面相对较小,功能单一,有一定的吸附脱色效果,但都很难达到微生物再生的要求,且成本较高,限制了其应用。
发明内容  本发明的目的在于提供一种适合于各种有机废水处理的具有较低成本、低密度、大比表面积、大孔隙率、强亲水性及较强生物氧化、硝化、吸附脱色能力、使外源专用微生物快速再生并提高其活性的纳米复合生物介质。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了如下的技术方案:研制一种纳米复合生物介质,其成分和重量百分含量为:基材48%~68%,芯材2%~4%,造孔剂3%~7%,水泥胶结剂35%~45%,所述的基材为纳米活性炭、微孔膨胀蛭石、纳米孔海泡石、纳米孔沸石、微珠粉煤灰或其类似物的一种或多种任意比例的混合物,所述的芯材为颗粒活性炭,所述的造孔剂是碳酸氢铵,将所述各成分定量粉碎至粒度为100~200目、混合、喷30~40℃热水造球、常温凝结、固化,得粒径4~50mm,微孔直径20~200μm,比表面积50~200m2/g的复合纳米生物介质。另外,本发明复合纳米生物介质的表观密度1.0~1.5g/cm3,孔隙率35~55%,比表面积50~200m2/g,破碎磨损率<2%,酸溶率<2%,碱溶率<1%。这类复合纳米生物介质主要化学成份为SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、MgO、K2O、Fe2O3等不含对人体有害的重金属及其它有害物质,孔隙率高,是理想的生物介质。在造球中,使用轻质芯材进行造球,芯材为多孔有机或无机物质,如颗粒活性炭等,用以降低介质的密度,芯材的粒度为介质粒度的1/3左右。
本发明较好的技术方案是:复合纳米生物介质的基材中的各成分及重量百分含量为:纳米活性炭20%~30%、微孔海泡石16%~27%、纳米沸石10%~20%,微珠粉煤灰25%~40%。在所述的基材中,包括造孔剂及水泥胶结剂,复合纳米生物介质中的物质化学成分及含量为:C5%-20%、SiO2 30%-33%,Al2O313%-14%,CaO 26%-30%,MgO 3%-5%,K2O 1%-2%,NO20.1%-0.3%,Fe2O3 4%-6%,Pb、Zn、Cu少量。在该种情况下,介质对微生物及有机微粒有良好的吸附、固定效果且氨氮硝化性能优、脱色能力强、成本低,而且其本身能够反复再生,同时该种介质能够根据不同污水的色、味性质及BOD、COD、悬浮物含量适当调整物料配方,以达到除色、去味、加强微生物降解有机物的工艺效果。
本发明复合纳米生物介质的应用:用于各种有机废水的处理,吸附、固定、再生微生物并作为微生物降解有机物的反应界面进行生物氧化、硝化、脱色、除味等。本发明纳米复合生物介质应用于生物膜工艺处理城市生活污水,能确保出水CODCr≤40mg/L,BOD5≤10mg/L,SS≤10mg/L,NH3-N≤10mg/L,处理后的污水达国家污水排放一级标准。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下明显的优点:所述的纳米复合生物介质与陶粒、聚苯乙烯球粒、弹性立体介质及其它复合介质相比,其生产成本为陶粒的50%,聚苯乙烯球粒的60%,组合介质的70%,弹性立体介质的80%,介质挂膜效率为陶粒的110%,聚苯乙烯球粒的150%,组合介质的180%,弹性立体介质的200%,其对微生物的吸附、固定效果及生物氧化、硝化、脱色除味能力明显优于陶粒,同时能够根据污水的性质及污染物含量适当调整物料配方,以达到理想的艺效果。
具体实施方式  以下通过具体的实施方式对本发明进行更加详细的描述:
实施例1  复合纳米生物介质的制造
例1-1
取基材纳米活性炭15Kg,微孔膨胀蛭石6Kg,微珠粉煤灰27Kg,合计48Kg,造孔剂碳酸氢铵4Kg,胶结剂水泥43Kg,芯材颗粒活性炭4Kg,各底料成分定量粉碎至粒度为100目、混合、喷40℃热水造球、常温凝结、固化,得粒径10mm,微孔直径60μm,比表面积180m2/g的复合纳米生物介质。其中含基材50%,造孔剂4%,芯材4%,水泥胶结剂42%。
例1-2
取基材纳米活性炭12Kg,纳米孔海泡石20Kg,纳米孔沸石8Kg,微珠粉煤灰20Kg,合计60Kg,造孔剂碳酸氢铵3Kg,胶结剂水泥39Kg,芯材颗粒活性炭4Kg,各底料成分定量粉碎至粒度为150目、混合、喷35℃热水造球、常温凝结、固化,得粒径8mm,微孔直径180μm,比表面积100m2/g的复合纳米生物介质。其中含基材56.60%,造孔剂2.80%,水泥胶结剂37.80%,芯材3.80%。
例1-3
取基材纳米活性炭7Kg,微孔膨胀蛭石5Kg,纳米孔海泡石14Kg,纳米孔沸石6Kg,微珠粉煤灰31Kg,合计63Kg,造孔剂碳酸氢铵3Kg,胶结剂水泥40Kg,芯材颗粒活性炭3Kg,各底料成分定量粉碎至粒度为200目、混合、喷30℃热水造球、常温凝结、固化,得粒径3mm,微孔直径30μm,比表面积130m2/g的复合纳米生物介质。其中含基材57.80%,造孔剂2.80%,水泥胶结剂36.70%,芯材2.80%。基材中各成分的含量:纳米活性炭11%,微孔膨胀蛭石7.93%,纳米孔海泡石22.22%,纳米孔沸石9.52%,微珠粉煤灰49.2%。
例1-4
取纳米活性炭13Kg,微孔膨胀蛭石8Kg,纳米孔海泡石17Kg,纳米孔沸石8Kg,微珠粉煤灰24Kg,合计70Kg,造孔剂碳酸氢铵3Kg,胶结剂水泥30Kg,芯材颗粒活性炭4kg,各底料成分定量粉碎至粒度为200目、混合、喷40℃热水造球、常温凝结、固化,得粒径3mm,微孔直径50μm,比表面积180m2/g的复合纳米生物介质。其中含基材65.40%,造孔剂2.80%,水泥胶结剂28.0%。基材中个成分的含量:纳米活性炭18.57%,微孔膨胀蛭石11.43%,纳米孔海泡石24.29%,纳米孔沸石11.43%,微珠粉煤灰34.29%。
实施例2  利用复合纳米生物介质的污水处理
例2-1  处理城市生活污水
用实施例1-2的复合纳米生物介质,以生物膜工艺处理城市生活污水,处理前污水水质为:CODCr280mg/L,BOD5115mg/L,SS184mg/L,NH3-N 20mg/L,处理后CODCr35mg/L,BOD58mg/L,SS9mg/L,NH3-N 6mg/L。
例2-2  处理公厕粪尿污水
用实施例1-3的复合纳米生物介质,处理前污水水质为:CODCr300mg/L,BOD5480mg/L,SS 200mg/L,NH3-N 86mg/L,处理后CODCr25mg/L,BOD520mg/L,SS 12mg/L,NH3-N 4mg/L。
例2-3  处理养猪场污水
用实施例1-4的复合纳米生物介质,处理前污水水质为:CODCr370mg/L,BOD5580mg/L,SS 198mg/L,NH3-N 70mg/L,处理后CODCr20mg/L,BOD526mg/L,SS 6mg/L,NH3-N 8mg/L。

Claims (3)

1、一种复合纳米生物介质,含有无机物基材,其特征在于:复合纳米生物介质的成分和重量百分含量为:基材48%~68%、芯材2%~4%、造孔剂3%~7%、水泥胶结剂35%~45%,所述的基材为纳米活性炭、微孔膨胀蛭石、纳米孔海泡石、纳米孔沸石、微珠粉煤灰或其类似物的一种或多种任意比例的混合物,所述的芯材为颗粒活性炭,所述的造孔剂为碳酸氢铵,将所述各底料成分定量粉碎至粒度为100~200目、混合、喷30~40℃热水造球、常温凝结固化,得粒径4~50mm,微孔直径20~200μm微孔,比表面积50~200m2/g的复合纳米介质。
2、根据权利要求1所述的复合纳米生物介质,其特征在于:基材中的各成分及重量百分含量为:纳米活性炭15%~25%、纳米孔海泡石16%~27%、纳米孔沸石10~20%、微珠粉煤灰25%~40%。
3、权利要求1所述的复合纳米生物介质的应用:用于有机废水处理工艺,对投加的外源微生物进行吸附、固定并作为微生物降解有机物的反应界面,进行生物氧化、硝化、脱色、除味。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2498787A4 (en) * 2009-11-11 2015-07-29 Carbo Ua Ltd COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD FOR SUGAR PROCESSING
CN109809556A (zh) * 2019-03-19 2019-05-28 广州大学 一种适用于微生物处理废水的蜂窝状生物填料及其制备方法和应用

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2498787A4 (en) * 2009-11-11 2015-07-29 Carbo Ua Ltd COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD FOR SUGAR PROCESSING
CN109809556A (zh) * 2019-03-19 2019-05-28 广州大学 一种适用于微生物处理废水的蜂窝状生物填料及其制备方法和应用

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Patentee before: SHENZHEN LONGCHENG HI-TECH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION CO.,LTD.

CP01 Change in the name or title of a patent holder
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Address after: 518057 Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, Nanshan District hi tech Zone in the Southern District of A-1 digital technology park on the third floor of A1 building

Patentee after: Shenzhen Longcheng high tech environmental protection Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 518057 Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, Nanshan District hi tech Zone in the Southern District of A-1 digital technology park on the third floor of A1 building

Patentee before: SHENZHEN LONGCHENG HI-TECH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (Group) Co.,Ltd.

CP01 Change in the name or title of a patent holder
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Granted publication date: 20051109