CN1519100A - Ginding disc type high-speed extruder - Google Patents
Ginding disc type high-speed extruder Download PDFInfo
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- CN1519100A CN1519100A CNA031028527A CN03102852A CN1519100A CN 1519100 A CN1519100 A CN 1519100A CN A031028527 A CNA031028527 A CN A031028527A CN 03102852 A CN03102852 A CN 03102852A CN 1519100 A CN1519100 A CN 1519100A
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Abstract
A slotted disk type high-speed extruder is composed of the solid delivering segment consisting of material feeding hopper and screw pump, the material calendering-smelting segment with slotted grinding disk structure, the molten material gathering-delivering segment with volute pump, moulding head, machine frame, and motor. Its advantage is high smelting and extruding speed.
Description
Affiliated technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of machinery of polymer melt-processed.
Background technology:
General single screw extrusion machine is made up of screw rod, barrel, die head etc. at present, screw rod generally is divided into feed zone, compression section, metering section (exhaust section, the mixer in addition that have), the main distinction of each section is the difference of spiral shell prismatic shape, size, helical angle, spiral shell rib number, the principle of single screw extrusion machine is: the screw rod rotation, barrel is fixed, material promotes forward under the effect of screw rod power, material is given birth to heat by the friction of barrel, screw rod and the viscous of material inside simultaneously, fusion is gradually sent from die orifice.
We wish that screw extruder has the high rate of extrusion of trying one's best, and generally adopts following measures: one. improve screw speed; Two. improve heating-up temperature; Three. lengthening, increasing screw rod and barrel.
So problem that produces:
One. improve screw speed.1. screw rod mean level in extruder is settled, be equivalent to a cantilever beam, the gap of screw rod and barrel is very little and strict control is arranged (representative value is 0.001D.D: screw diameter), rotating speed increases, screw rod increases because of the bobbing that gravity, axial bending, eddy flow power, side direction differential pressure produce, the easy friction of colliding of screw rod and barrel.2. material shortened by the time of extruder, and material has little time abundant fusion.
Two. improve heating-up temperature.1. the pyroconductivity of polymer is very low, according to extruding theory, the energy of polymer fusion in extruding mainly generates (accounting for 80-90%) from material viscous heat, improve heating-up temperature, thereby can reduce the viscous heat generation that melt viscosity reduces polymer, so little to polymer fusion role.2. even more serious is, because the heat conduction is unfavorable, causes that easily local temperature rise is too high, can quicken depolymerization.
Three. lengthening, increasing screw rod and barrel.1. screw rod extends, and amount of deflection increases, and causes the friction of screw rod and barrel, and is therefore very restricted.2. need screw rod and barrel are strengthened simultaneously, consume the recruitment of the recruitment of material, bring problem for manufacturing and installation much larger than the machine melt capacity.3. polymer overstand at high temperature also can make it degraded.
The rate of extrusion of single screw extrusion machine is subjected to the restriction of above-mentioned factor, and is therefore very limited, and efficient very low (theoretical maximum be 33.3% generally be lower than 10%).
The essential problem that single screw extrusion machine exists is: because the existence of screw channel, and Solid Bed thickness very big (the spiral groove depth representative value is 0.05D, is 50 times of spiral shell rib gap).In extrusion, after Solid Bed is compacted, generally move along screw channel in the plug flow mode, deformation does not take place in Solid Bed inside; And give birth to contact-making surface (outer frictional heat generation) and the melt interior (viscous heat generates) that heat mainly occurs in barrel, screw rod and melt, the heat with the barrel transmission conducts together to Solid Bed then.Because the polymer thermal conductivity is low, specific heat, the latent heat of fusion are very high again, the temperature transfer rate becomes inverse ratio how much with transmission thickness, cause the polymer melting rate low on the one hand, cause thermograde big on the one hand, temperature distributing disproportionation, living hot speed is subjected to the restriction of depolymerization and can not increases substantially, therefore, rate of extrusion is very low.
Summary of the invention:
In order to overcome the deficiency that the single screw extrusion machine melting rate is slow, productivity ratio is low, the present invention makes full use of polymer in the characteristics that stressedly are easy to down plastic deformation, give birth to heat under alternate stress and friction, softening, fusion at high temperature and fusion mainly rely on polymer itself to generate heat, make polymer in extrusion, Solid Bed is subjected to Lik-Sang heat and extends into film, friction and viscous are given birth to heat under big surface area, thin thickness and high shear rate, make polymer melted by heating quickly and evenly, improve rate of extrusion greatly, and reduce the degraded of polymer.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: extruder is built up transportation section, die head and frame, motor etc. by the melt of the material extension melt zone of the solid conveying section of hopper, screw pump form, mill form, volute pump form and is formed.
Solid conveying section is settled perpendicular to horizontal plane, and is similar with the single screw extrusion machine conveyer segment structure, and the centre is a rotatable screw rod, and the periphery is a barrel, so that screw pump produces try one's best big conveying capacity and pressure, adopts the fluting barrel in order to increase the barrel friction.Hopper is installed on barrel top.
Material extends, melt zone is two folded mutually mills of level, and upper millstone is a fixed disk, becomes an one-piece parts with barrel, and the intermediate portion promptly is the hypomere of barrel, and screw rod passes in the middle of fixed disk.Lower millstone is a rolling disc, with screw rod and rotating shaft be an one-piece parts, rotating shaft drives rolling disc and screw rod rotates together.
Matching surface at a mill, prolong normal direction and be carved with continuous wedge groove in whole card, a face of wedge groove is vertical with the mill face, triangular in shape or the distortion triangle, triangular apex is pointed to the mill edge, base and screw channel face intersect, and base length is the most profound degree in wedge groove incision mill surface; A normal of the relative direction of rotation of this gore and mill surface superinverse mill constitutes a three-dimensional wedge type block, removes this wedge type block from card, promptly forms a wedge groove.
The shape of this wedge groove see down from vertical mill surface be one fan-shaped, this fan-shaped can extension to the edge with parabolic from coiling central authorities, the parabolic concave face is towards the relative direction of rotation of mill, groove surface produces centripetal force to material during the rotating disk rotation, stop material to flow through mill too soon, prolong the material heated time, curvature is big more, acts on strong more.As the relative direction of rotation of the reverse mill of parabola concave surface, then situation is opposite.
The matching surface of another piece mill that matches with the mill with continuous wedge groove surfaces is the big plane of surface roughness, in order to increase frictional force, prolongs the shallow slot that normal direction is carved with fine and closely woven degree of depth unanimity; For the mixing that increases material also annular knurl in the plane.
Keep suitable gap by design between the upper lower burrs, this gap is in dish centre maximum, in the plate edge minimum, so that the gap prolong the dish normal direction everywhere the transversal round cross section area of position equate or prolong normal direction to edge and slightly restrain, for this reason, two cards are prolonged normal direction will corresponding gradient, generally one of them card is made the inclined-plane that prolongs normal direction.
On upper and lower dish, heater even cooler can be installed, with adjustment and the stable and suitable temperature of maintenance card, and the friction and the viscous force of adjustable disc face material, thereby regulate the stressed and motion state of material, adjustment material heated time.
Rotating disc is built up the impeller of the centrifugal pump of transportation section simultaneously as melt, can on rotating disk outer rim disc, carve the impeller groove, around prolonging rotating disk spiral case is installed, spiral case bottom and frame sealing, spiral case top and fixed disk sealing also can be uncovered as exhaust outlet, and die head is installed in the spiral case outlet, constitute a volute centrifugal pump like this, and served as pressure stabilizing chamber.
All fixtures all should firmly be connected with frame on the extruder, and tumbler dependence thrust bearing and plain bearing are supported on the frame and by driven by motor and rotate.
When rotating shaft drive screw rod and rotating disk rotation, material constantly arrives the wedge groove from hopper by solid conveying section under the effect of gravity and screw rod pumping force, and produces enough pressure, makes material be compacted into Solid Bed.Solid Bed is because the rotation of rotating disk, under pumping pressure and action of centrifugal force, move toward the edge on the one hand from mill central authorities, under friction and material effect of inertia, move relative to direction of rotation on the one hand against mill, in the wedge space, produce huge local extruding force, being enough to that Solid Bed is prolonged the face of carving extends, and the very big heat of generation, the part melt is extruded from the gap, the Solid Bed of back comes again to replenish, on whole card, formed the film of material like this, in narrow gap, high-rate of shear produces a large amount of frictional heat with carving under the hand-deliver varying stress, viscous heat and answer heating, with the even fusion of material, constantly flow out from the mill marginal gap, enter in the centrifugal pump of rotating disk and spiral case composition, be pumped into die orifice then and extrude.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. in extrusion, the polymer solids bed can produce plastic deformation and give birth to heat by solid, extends into film, gives birth to heat with high shear rate on whole card, and the material fusion is rapid, and temperature is even, and rate of extrusion is fast, and degraded descends.
2. extruder can be worked under motor maximum (top) speed and the maximum pumping pressure of screw pump, by the residing card of displacement wedge groove, change the curvature that wedge groove covering of the fan extends, change the width of card, roughness and temperature, the back pressure of change die head or the like measure, just can change material by the card heated time, thermal characteristics and degradation characteristic according to material, can determine the maximal clearance between the card, this extrudes for the high speed that adapts to various polymer to greatest extent the diversity in the design is provided, flexibility and convenience, and needn't sacrifice the operating rate and the efficient of extruder.
3. in extruding operation, change the card temperature of two dishes, thereby change material, and then change the stress and the rotary speed of material, also can finely tune material by the mill time in locational coefficient of friction of different-thickness and viscosity; Change the die head back pressure and also can reach this purpose.This adaptation operation for extruder provides convenience, and control is easily simple.
Description of drawings:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is extruder assembling schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the stereogram of a wedge groove and the physical dimension calculating chart of wedge groove surface.
Fig. 3 is the attached view of wedge groove surface.
Fig. 4 is the attached view of wedge groove surface that the wedge groove extends with parabola.
Among the figure: 1. hopper; 2. screw rod; 3. barrel; 4. fixed disk; 5. rolling disc; 6. spiral case; 7. die head; 8. frame; 9. thrust bearing; 10. plain bearing; 11. rotating shaft;
Wherein, (2), (5), (11) as a whole part, (3), (4) as a whole part are also fixedlyed connected with (6), (8).
The specific embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, screw rod (2), rolling disc (5), rotating shaft (11) are the parts of an one, support and are fixed on the frame (8) by thrust bearing (9), plain bearing (10).Fixed disk (4), barrel (3) are the parts of an one, are installed on the rolling disc (5), and screw rod (2) passes the center of barrel (3) and fixed disk (4), and fixed disk (4) is fixedlyed connected with frame (8), and hopper (1) is installed on the barrel (3).Spiral case (6) be installed in rolling disc (5) around, its lower end and frame (8) sealing, (this example spiral case (6) with frame (8) be the one part), its upper end and fixed disk (4) sealing, die head (7) is installed in the outlet of spiral case (6).
Gap between fixed disk (4) and the rolling disc (5), can be on rolling disc (5) during assembly parts at fixed disk (4), pad on-gauge plate control between two dishes, the centering of barrel (3) and screw rod (2), also can between screw rod (2), barrel (3), press from both sides on-gauge plate or management and control system, after adjustment finishes, fixed disk (4) fixedly secured with frame (8) be connected, then on-gauge plate is removed.
Screw rod (2), rolling disc (5), rotating shaft (11) be assembled into the one part or directly make finish after, must carry out dynamic balance running and adjustment, just can install after qualified.
Each forms member must enough mechanical strengths and rigidity, and will there be enough abrasion resistances on two mills (4), (5) surface, and this example adopts the tungsten carbide surface cure process.
Heater is installed in the back side or the inside of two mills, and the heater on the fixed disk (4) can directly be connected with power supply; Heater on the rotating disc (5) can cause the rotating shaft termination with the through hole of power line by the rotating shaft center, is connected with the conducting slip ring with the rotating shaft insulation fixing on the termination, and slip ring is connected with power supply by carbon brush.
The extruder design mainly must be considered the state of material in extrusion except the mechanical strength and rigidity of considering each member.Mechanical strength design, screw pump design, centrifugal pump design, die design etc. are according to relative national standards, optimize with reference to relevant technologies, and the design procedure of existing main structure parameters with mill is summarized as follows:
1. according to material melting temperature scope selective pan surface temperature, generally make it to exceed material melting temperature 50 degree. calculate or test material sample degrade under the mill temperature time (being induction period) of generation, determine material heat time heating time.
2. require to select motor speed and screw pump structural parameters according to the design output, determine mill morphological parameters and width, make material pass through the card time and equate with the heat time heating time of determining or omit weak point with trial and error pricing.
Because material passes through the card time by all multifactor decisions such as screw pump pressure, die head back pressure, speed of grinding plate, surface configuration parameter and coefficient of friction, card temperature, card width, material rheological behaviors, the method that does not have mathematical analysis to derive at present, can only amplify design method with model and determine above-mentioned parameter by test.
3. according to hot property (as specific heat, derivative coefficient, the latent heat of fusion, fusing point), rheological property (as viscosity, shear stress, coefficient of friction etc.) and the density of material, with the theoretical melting rate that calculates of polymer melt, determine the minimum fusion thickness in heat time heating time, thereby determine the maximal clearance between card.
4. by above known parameters, derive parameters such as mill internal diameter, external diameter, wedge groove size, card gradient.
According to extruding theoretical as desiring to make extruder to reach best effort usefulness, must make the ability to work equilibrium of three basic segments of extruder, a basic condition is: solid input quality=fusion quality=melt throughput.
After considering the Solid Bed compacting, mainly move in the plug flow mode, the Incoercibility of solid and easy mobility not, the efflux of solids sectional dimension should not have sudden change, otherwise will cause the discontinuous of mass flow and pressure, the area of section of Flow of Goods and Materials is equated or prolong flow direction and slightly restrain, it is as follows to calculate the mill physical dimension in view of the above.
Known: screw diameter D, spiral groove depth H, card maximal clearance δ, card width W, material compression ratio K.
Ask: card internal diameter B, external diameter C, wedge groove depth L, entrance width M, wedge groove number N, card minimum clearance S, card gradient θ
Separate: with reference to shown in Figure 2
The logistics sectional area is about π DH in the screw pump
Card internal diameter B=D+2H
Card external diameter C=B+2W=D+2W+2H
Card logistics import sectional area=π B (δ+1/2L)
Make equating, then with logistics sectional area in the screw pump
πDH＝πB(δ+1/2L)
: L=2DH/B-δ
If make the wedge groove import degree of depth and width equate.
Then: M=L=2DH/B-δ
Groove number N=π B/M=π B/ (2 DH/B-δ)=π B
2/ (2DH-δ B)
Round, return again and calculate developed width M=π B/N
Card logistics discharge area=π CS
Make card outlet logistics cross section: card inlet stream cross section=material compression ratio K
Then: π CS/ π DH=K
S＝DHK/C
Card gradient θ=(δ-S)/W=(C δ-DHK)/WC
Shape such as Fig. 3 or shown in Figure 4 with continuous wedge groove card
Claims (3)
1. abrasive disk type high speed extruder, build up transportation section, die head etc. and be combined into one by hopper, solid conveying section, material extension melt zone, melt, finish polymer-extruded work jointly, it is characterized in that solid conveying section adopts screw pump version, material extension melt zone adopts mill version, and melt is built up the transportation section and adopted volute pump version.
2. abrasive disk type high speed extruder according to claim 1 is characterized in that the fixedly upper millstone of barrel, the material extension melt zone of solid conveying section, the as a whole part of spiral case that melt is built up the transportation section or fixedly connected, and fixedlys connected with frame; The rotation lower millstone of the screw rod of solid conveying section, extension melt zone and rotating shaft are one-piece parts, and rolling disc is built up the impeller of transportation section centrifugal pump simultaneously as melt.
3. abrasive disk type high speed extruder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that on a mill matching surface, being carved with continuous wedge groove, a face of wedge groove is vertical with the mill face, triangular in shape or distortion triangle, triangular apex is pointed to the mill edge, and base and screw channel face are crossing, a normal of the contrary mill direction of rotation of this gore and mill surface, constitute a three-dimensional wedge type block, remove this wedge type block, promptly form a wedge groove from card.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031028527A CN1519100A (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2003-01-24 | Ginding disc type high-speed extruder |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031028527A CN1519100A (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2003-01-24 | Ginding disc type high-speed extruder |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1519100A true CN1519100A (en) | 2004-08-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNA031028527A Pending CN1519100A (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2003-01-24 | Ginding disc type high-speed extruder |
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| CN (1) | CN1519100A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101508168B (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2011-10-26 | 叶小川 | Multi cutter-head extruder and assembling method thereof |
| CN105172102A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-23 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Multi-screw and multi-screw disc combined mixing extrusion molding device |
| CN105235181A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2016-01-13 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Combined type mixing and plastic extruding device provided with screw and multiple spiral discs |
| CN105690788A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-06-22 | 福建省南安市盈磊石材有限公司 | PVC plastics floor production equipment and production process thereof |
| CN105751455A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-07-13 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Spiral coil and plunger combined type injection molding device |
| CN107185666A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-09-22 | 象山互易科技咨询有限公司 | A kind of environment-friendly highly efficient aquatic attractant produces preparation facilities |
| CN107415181A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-12-01 | 杨海波 | Miniature injection machine |
| CN108374205A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-08-07 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of abrasive disk type melt differential electrostatic spinning apparatus |
| CN112406070A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-26 | 宜昌思创新材料科技有限公司 | Roller pin rolling type single-screw dispersing extruder |
| CN112476835A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-12 | 江苏贝尔机械有限公司 | Friction granulator |
| CN112584921A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-03-30 | 京瓷株式会社 | Rotating member, member for kneading machine, kneading machine using the member, bearing, and bearing unit using the bearing |
-
2003
- 2003-01-24 CN CNA031028527A patent/CN1519100A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101508168B (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2011-10-26 | 叶小川 | Multi cutter-head extruder and assembling method thereof |
| CN105172102A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-23 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Multi-screw and multi-screw disc combined mixing extrusion molding device |
| CN105172102B (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-09-26 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Multiscrew kneads extrusion moulding apparatus with multiple spiral shell disk combined type |
| CN105235181A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2016-01-13 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Combined type mixing and plastic extruding device provided with screw and multiple spiral discs |
| CN105235181B (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-05-24 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Combined type mixing and plastic extruding device provided with screw and multiple spiral discs |
| CN105690788A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-06-22 | 福建省南安市盈磊石材有限公司 | PVC plastics floor production equipment and production process thereof |
| CN105751455B (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-11-17 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Spiral shell disk and plunger combination formula Coinjection molding apparatus |
| CN105751455A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-07-13 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Spiral coil and plunger combined type injection molding device |
| CN107415181A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-12-01 | 杨海波 | Miniature injection machine |
| CN107185666A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-09-22 | 象山互易科技咨询有限公司 | A kind of environment-friendly highly efficient aquatic attractant produces preparation facilities |
| CN107185666B (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2022-08-30 | 南京宏远生物科技有限公司 | High-efficient aquatic products phagostimulant production preparation facilities of environment-friendly |
| CN108374205A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-08-07 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of abrasive disk type melt differential electrostatic spinning apparatus |
| CN112584921A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-03-30 | 京瓷株式会社 | Rotating member, member for kneading machine, kneading machine using the member, bearing, and bearing unit using the bearing |
| CN112406070A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-26 | 宜昌思创新材料科技有限公司 | Roller pin rolling type single-screw dispersing extruder |
| CN112476835A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-12 | 江苏贝尔机械有限公司 | Friction granulator |
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