CN1513132A - 基于受抑全内反射的显示装置 - Google Patents

基于受抑全内反射的显示装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1513132A
CN1513132A CNA028113020A CN02811302A CN1513132A CN 1513132 A CN1513132 A CN 1513132A CN A028113020 A CNA028113020 A CN A028113020A CN 02811302 A CN02811302 A CN 02811302A CN 1513132 A CN1513132 A CN 1513132A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
electrode
display device
pixel
fluid
reservoir
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA028113020A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1268979C (zh
Inventor
M・W・J・普林斯
M·W·J·普林斯
科尔内利森
H·J·科尔内利森
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Publication of CN1513132A publication Critical patent/CN1513132A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1268979C publication Critical patent/CN1268979C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/004Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
    • G02B26/005Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0816Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/19Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
    • G02F1/195Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169 by using frustrated reflection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/37Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements
    • G09F9/372Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements the positions of the elements being controlled by the application of an electric field

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

显示单元(10),含有两种具有不同折射率或吸收系数的不相混流体(3、4),该单元位于具有能够实现全内反射(TIR)的棱柱形结构的透明基片(10)的下方。由于(外部)电极(5、6)上静电力和施加于所述流体之一的导电流体(4)上的电压作用,通过流体在单元中的分布,基于受抑TIR进行开关。

Description

基于受抑全内反射的显示装置
本发明涉及一种显示装置,包括具有基本平面表面和朝向所述平面表面的基本棱柱形表面的基本透明的基片。
这种类型的显示装置在例如“New Reflective Display Based onTotal Reflection in Prismatic Microstructures”(Proc.20th IDRCconference,pp.311-314(2000))一文中有描述。该文说明了基于受控抑制的全内反射的原理。通过用电泳将光吸收颗粒移向棱柱形表面,使得全内反射在一种状态下不可能发生。
电泳显示装置基于带电并且通常是有色颗粒在电场影响下在具有不同透射率或反射率的两种极限状态之间的运动。使用这些装置,可以将暗(有色)字母成象在亮(有色)背景上,以及反过来将亮字母成象在暗背景上。
电泳显示装置因此取代纸张的功能被大量用在显示装置中,称作“白纸”应用(电子新闻纸、电子日记本)。
本发明基于一个完全不同的机理,用于实现反射光在两种(暗和亮)光学状态下的差异。
为此目的,根据本发明的显示装置包括一个位于象素位置的储存器,该储存器含有至少两种具有不同折射率或不同吸收系数以及不同电导率的基本不相混流体,所述显示装置还包括用于使所述流体互相相对位移的驱动装置。
后面将会解释,光束在所述两种状态之一下完全反射(通过对所述流体的适当选择从而选择折射率),同时光束在另一种状态下由所述流体吸收(或者部分透射并在其他地方吸收)。
面向观看一侧观看者的基片表面可以是平面,同时该基片的至少一部分棱柱形表面构成储存器的部分围壁。或者,它也可以是棱柱面,同时该基片的至少一部分平面表面构成储存器的部分围壁。
为了使所述流体互相相对位移,利用电导率的差别,并且在象素储存器的围壁区域,驱动装置包括至少两个能够与所述流体电耦合的电极。
在象素储存器的围壁区域,驱动装置优选包括两个与流体绝缘的电极,和一个与所述导电流体电接触的第三电极。
为此目的,一种矩阵装置包括多个象素,位于行电极(或选择电极)与列电极(或数据电极)的交点区域,在象素电极与行电极或列电极之间具有至少一个开关元件。
在参照下面所述的实施例之后将会明白本发明的这些和其他方面。
在附图中:
图1简要表示本发明显示装置所基于的原理,
图2表示图1的变体,
图3表示本发明显示单元的一种可能形式,而
图4表示本发明显示单元的另一可能形式,以及
图5为本发明显示装置的电路等同示意图。
这些附图只是示意性的,没有按比例画出;对应的部件都用相同的标号加以表示。
图1简要表示一种具有两种液体或者流体3、4处位于透明的例如玻璃或合成材料外壳2中的显示单元1,所述流体不会互相混合,并且其中之一导电而另一种绝缘。在此例中,显示单元1包括例如含水(有色)溶液4(导电),例如亚甲蓝或普鲁士蓝(C6Fe2Kn6)的水溶液,并且选择气体比如氮气或非极性油(比如烷烃(例如十二烷或十六烷)、硅油、氯萘、溴萘或1-溴代十二烷)作为绝缘流体。
在流体的两侧,显示单元1包括绝缘电极5、6,其通常馈送以对于多个象素共用的电压Vcom1、Vcom1,在相关例子中馈送电压为0和V。显示单元1还包括电极7,通过外壳2与导电流体4电接触。电极7被馈送以电压Vpixel,由它调整显示单元的光学状态。尽管为理解本发明起见将电极5、6画在外壳的外部,但是它们实际上设置在外壳内部,并通过具有较低润湿滞后的绝缘涂层比如含氟聚合物与所述流体绝缘。
由于电润湿现象或电毛细现象,导电流体4由静电力沿电极5、6的方向吸引,也即由正比于(Vpixe1-Vcom1)2的力向电极5吸引以及由正比于(Vpixel-Vcom2)2的力向电极6吸引。各静电力之差限定了流体4在显示单元中的位置。在图1中,Vcom1=0并且Vcom2=V。在Vpixel=0时,导电流体4处于电极6的位置(图1a),而在Vpixel=V时,导电流体4处于电极5的位置(图1b)。通过改变象素电压Vpixel,可以由此影响导电流体4的位置。尽管电极7在此例中被示为导电电极,并且突入所述流体中,但是这不是必需的。也可以通过电容耦合在导电流体上提供电压。在此情况下,电极7设置在例如储存器2的外部或者设有绝缘保护涂层。
图2表示图1的变体,其中同样馈送以电压Vpixel的电极7被分成两个子电极7、7′。流体之间的界面现在基本平行于外壳2的上下壁,并且由于所用效果而导致在图示平面内有较小偏移(在图2中,这通过斜线8示意画出)。
图3表示上述原理如何用于基于全内反射的显示装置中。显示单元1包括玻璃或合成材料制成的透明基片10,具有基本平面的表面11和与所述平面表面相对的基本棱柱形的表面12、12′。该显示单元包括一个储存器13,它含有具有不同折射率的至少两种不相混流体3、4,所述流体不会互相混合并且其一为导电流体而另一为绝缘流体。显示单元1还包括馈送以电压Vpixel的电极7,该电极通过外壳(未画出)与导电流体4电接触。尽管这在图3中没有画出,但显示单元最好具有用于所述两种流体的与温度变化等所致膨胀有关的公共溢流储存器(或者可用于多个显示单元)。显示单元在所述流体的两侧具有绝缘电极5、6,所述电极被馈送以公共电压Vcom1、Vcom1,在相关例子中馈送电压为0和V。
在Vpixel=0时,导电流体4处于电极6的位置(图3a),而在Vpixel=V时,导电流体4处于电极5的位置(图3b,其中电极未画出)。在第一所述情况(图3a)下,入射光束14由透明(ITO)电极5透过并通过适当选择绝缘流体的折射率而受到全反射。反射光束14′再一次受到表面12′的全反射,二次反射光束14″基本上没有任何光损耗地离开显示单元1。在第二种情况下(图3b),入射光束14同样由透明(ITO)电极5透过,但继而在表面12上由含水溶液4全部或部分吸收。光束14的可能反射部分14′在表面12′上被吸收。
在此例中,电极6仅表示在象素的下侧上,因为当例如在矩阵显示装置中将数个象素组合在一个基片上时,这是有利的。在其他情况下,电极6最好也沿着储存器13的围壁设置。这在图3a中用虚线示意表示出。
图4简要表示如图2所述两个类似象素和储存器的组合,但现在在象素一侧上具有基本平面的表面11,而在观看一侧上具有基本棱柱形的表面12、12′。除此之外,相同的标号具有与前述附图中相同的含义。
图5表示可应用本发明的彩色显示装置1的一部分的等效电路。它包括象素20的矩阵,其中象素20位于行电极(或选择电极)27与列电极(或数据电极)26的交点区域。行电极1至m由行驱动器24依次选择,而列电极1至n由数据寄存器25提供数据。列1、4、7、...、n-2中的象素在此例中构成红色象素,列2、5、8、...、n-1中的象素在此例中构成蓝色象素,列3、6、9、...、n中的象素在此例中构成绿色象素。为此目的,如果需要,输入数据22在处理器23中首先处理。行驱动器24与数据寄存器25之间相互同步由驱动线28进行。
来自行驱动器24和数据寄存器25的驱动信号通过薄膜晶体管(TFT)29选择象素20,其中薄膜晶体管29的栅极电连接至行电极27,其源极电连接至列电极26(属有源驱动)。列电极26处的信号经由TFT传送至与其漏极相连的象素20的电极7。电极7具有与上面参照图1至4所述的相同功能。象素20的其他电极5、6连接至例如具有Vcom1(在此例中为接地)和Vcom2(在此例中为V)的一个(或多个)公共电极。在图5所示的例子中,仅对于一个象素20简要画出了这种TFT29。
在本发明的范围内当然可以有多种变型。例如,可以采用具有不同折射率的两种不相混流体。在一定的电极结构中,入射光可以到达象素的下侧。如果需要,象素可以在其下侧上设有光吸收层。
替代薄膜晶体管(TFT)29,可以选择其他开关元件例如二极管电路。
第三电极5也可以省略,假定所用流体3、4具有产生所述位移的疏水性差异(围壁具有浸润特性的差异)。从而所述两个电极之一用作驱动电极。
如上所述,也可以采用电容耦合;这同样适用于通过TFT或其他开关元件对电极的驱动。
本发明的保护范围并不限于上述实施例。
本发明存在于每个及所有新颖特征和特定特征的每个及所有组合之中。权利要求书中的标号不限制其保护范围。动词“包括”及其变形的使用并不排除权利要求中存在所述元件之外的元件。元件之前使用量词“一个”或“一”并不排除存在多个这种元件。

Claims (8)

1.一种显示装置,包括具有基本平面表面和面向所述平面表面的基本棱柱形表面的基本透明的基片,所述显示装置包括位于象素位置的储存器,该储存器含有至少两种具有不同折射率或不同吸收系数以及不同电导率的基本不相混流体,所述显示装置还包括用于使所述流体互相相对位移的驱动装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的显示装置,包括具有不同折射率的两种不相混流体,其中一种流体导电而另一种流体基本绝缘。
3.如权利要求1所述的显示装置,在基片的观看一侧具有所述平面表面,其中所述基片的至少一部分棱柱形表面构成所述储存器的一部分围壁。
4.如权利要求1所述的显示装置,在基片的观看一侧具有所述棱柱形表面,其中所述基片的至少一部分平面表面构成所述储存器的一部分围壁。
5.如权利要求1所述的显示装置,其中位于象素储存器围壁区域的驱动装置包括至少两个能够电连接至所述流体的电极。
6.如权利要求5所述的显示装置,其中位于象素储存器围壁区域的驱动装置包括两个与所述流体绝缘的电极,和一与所述导电流体电接触的第三电极。
7.如权利要求1所述的显示装置,包括多个象素,其位于行电极或选择电极与列电极或数据电极的交点区域,在一象素电极与一行电极或列电极之间具有至少一个开关元件。
8.如权利要求7所述的显示装置,在所述电极与列电极之间每个象素具有一薄膜晶体管,其中薄膜晶体管的栅极与一行电极相连。
CNB028113020A 2001-06-05 2002-06-04 基于受抑全内反射的显示装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1268979C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01202127.5 2001-06-05
EP01202127 2001-06-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1513132A true CN1513132A (zh) 2004-07-14
CN1268979C CN1268979C (zh) 2006-08-09

Family

ID=8180419

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNB028113020A Expired - Fee Related CN1268979C (zh) 2001-06-05 2002-06-04 基于受抑全内反射的显示装置

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6961167B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1402314A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2004521389A (zh)
KR (1) KR20030017661A (zh)
CN (1) CN1268979C (zh)
WO (1) WO2002099527A1 (zh)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100582819C (zh) * 2005-05-20 2010-01-20 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 电润湿元件、镜头系统、电子装置以及驱动方法
CN101292193B (zh) * 2005-10-21 2011-05-18 诺基亚公司 用于小型相机的光学快门
CN106291914A (zh) * 2016-10-31 2017-01-04 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板及其驱动方法和显示装置
WO2018054297A1 (en) * 2016-09-23 2018-03-29 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Display assembly and display apparatus
CN111480124A (zh) * 2017-10-31 2020-07-31 普雷斯弗雷克斯股份公司 目视指示器和流体分配器

Families Citing this family (72)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7463398B2 (en) * 2002-02-19 2008-12-09 Liquivista B.V. Display device
AU2003201752A1 (en) * 2002-02-20 2003-09-09 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Display apparatus
US6972882B2 (en) * 2002-04-30 2005-12-06 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Micro-mirror device with light angle amplification
US6954297B2 (en) * 2002-04-30 2005-10-11 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic liquid
US7023603B2 (en) * 2002-04-30 2006-04-04 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic microemulsion
JP2006516755A (ja) * 2003-01-27 2006-07-06 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ ディスプレイデバイス
GB2397894B (en) * 2003-02-03 2006-05-03 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Improvements in mobile communication devices
US7417782B2 (en) * 2005-02-23 2008-08-26 Pixtronix, Incorporated Methods and apparatus for spatial light modulation
WO2004077124A1 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-09-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. A passive matrix display with bistable electro-wetting cells
US6844953B2 (en) 2003-03-12 2005-01-18 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic liquid
JP2006525544A (ja) 2003-05-06 2006-11-09 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ エレクトロウェッティングモジュール
CN100367068C (zh) 2003-05-06 2008-02-06 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 驱动电压降低的可转换元件
CN100432718C (zh) * 2003-05-09 2008-11-12 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 制造一组单独的可变焦透镜的方法
EP1625439A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2006-02-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Adjustable mirror
US8319759B2 (en) 2003-10-08 2012-11-27 E Ink Corporation Electrowetting displays
US7420549B2 (en) * 2003-10-08 2008-09-02 E Ink Corporation Electro-wetting displays
US7430355B2 (en) * 2003-12-08 2008-09-30 University Of Cincinnati Light emissive signage devices based on lightwave coupling
US7123796B2 (en) * 2003-12-08 2006-10-17 University Of Cincinnati Light emissive display based on lightwave coupling
US6917456B2 (en) * 2003-12-09 2005-07-12 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Light modulator
KR20060121218A (ko) * 2003-12-22 2006-11-28 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. 프로그램 가능 리소그래픽 마스크와, 무 마스크 광학리소그래피 시스템과, 광학 리소그래픽 단계 수행 방법과,기판 라벨링 방법 및 장치 마스킹 방법
GB0407233D0 (en) * 2004-03-30 2004-05-05 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Compact switchable optical unit
JP4833963B2 (ja) * 2004-03-30 2011-12-07 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ コンパクトな切替可能な光ユニット
GB0407642D0 (en) 2004-04-02 2004-05-05 Eastman Kodak Co Display element
JP4768716B2 (ja) * 2004-04-13 2011-09-07 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 自動立体表示装置
CA2572952C (en) * 2004-07-09 2012-12-04 The University Of Cincinnati Display capable electrowetting light valve
WO2006027748A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-03-16 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Reflective electrowetting lens
US7586560B2 (en) * 2005-01-03 2009-09-08 Intel Corporation Display using light guide and refractive index control
GB2422680B (en) * 2005-01-27 2010-04-14 Univ Nottingham Trent Switchable phase grating
US9229222B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2016-01-05 Pixtronix, Inc. Alignment methods in fluid-filled MEMS displays
US20080158635A1 (en) * 2005-02-23 2008-07-03 Pixtronix, Inc. Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof
US7999994B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2011-08-16 Pixtronix, Inc. Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof
US9158106B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2015-10-13 Pixtronix, Inc. Display methods and apparatus
US8482496B2 (en) 2006-01-06 2013-07-09 Pixtronix, Inc. Circuits for controlling MEMS display apparatus on a transparent substrate
US8519945B2 (en) 2006-01-06 2013-08-27 Pixtronix, Inc. Circuits for controlling display apparatus
US9261694B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2016-02-16 Pixtronix, Inc. Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof
US8159428B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2012-04-17 Pixtronix, Inc. Display methods and apparatus
US7675665B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2010-03-09 Pixtronix, Incorporated Methods and apparatus for actuating displays
US9082353B2 (en) 2010-01-05 2015-07-14 Pixtronix, Inc. Circuits for controlling display apparatus
US20070205969A1 (en) 2005-02-23 2007-09-06 Pixtronix, Incorporated Direct-view MEMS display devices and methods for generating images thereon
US8310442B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2012-11-13 Pixtronix, Inc. Circuits for controlling display apparatus
US7746529B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2010-06-29 Pixtronix, Inc. MEMS display apparatus
US7410309B2 (en) * 2005-04-06 2008-08-12 Nokia Corporation Optical shutter
JP2008535005A (ja) 2005-04-15 2008-08-28 ザ ユニバーシティ オブ ブリティッシュ コロンビア Tir変調電気泳動反射像ディスプレイの輝度向上
US7826125B2 (en) 2005-06-14 2010-11-02 California Institute Of Technology Light conductive controlled shape droplet display device
FR2887638B1 (fr) * 2005-06-23 2007-08-31 Varioptic Sa Lentille a focale variable a variation de pression interne reduite
WO2007082370A1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-07-26 The University Of British Columbia Microlens-assisted brightness enhancement in reflective image displays
US8526096B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2013-09-03 Pixtronix, Inc. Mechanical light modulators with stressed beams
US7876489B2 (en) 2006-06-05 2011-01-25 Pixtronix, Inc. Display apparatus with optical cavities
GB0611134D0 (en) * 2006-06-06 2006-07-19 Liquavista Bv Optical apparatus
US20080088551A1 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 Honeywell International Inc. Microfluidic prism
US7791813B2 (en) * 2006-10-12 2010-09-07 Honeywell International Inc. Microfluidic imaging array
US20080094853A1 (en) 2006-10-20 2008-04-24 Pixtronix, Inc. Light guides and backlight systems incorporating light redirectors at varying densities
US9176318B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2015-11-03 Pixtronix, Inc. Methods for manufacturing fluid-filled MEMS displays
US7852546B2 (en) 2007-10-19 2010-12-14 Pixtronix, Inc. Spacers for maintaining display apparatus alignment
US20090141336A1 (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-04 Lumination Llc Projection display devices employing frustrated total internal reflection
JP4834682B2 (ja) * 2008-01-25 2011-12-14 株式会社日立製作所 液体プリズム及びそれを用いたプロジェクタ
US8248560B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2012-08-21 Pixtronix, Inc. Light guides and backlight systems incorporating prismatic structures and light redirectors
US7920317B2 (en) 2008-08-04 2011-04-05 Pixtronix, Inc. Display with controlled formation of bubbles
US8169679B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2012-05-01 Pixtronix, Inc. MEMS anchors
NL2002213C2 (en) * 2008-11-17 2010-05-18 Flexible Optical B V Deformable mirror with internal reflection.
GB0911190D0 (en) * 2009-06-29 2009-08-12 Hein Oliver K Advertising sign
JP2013519122A (ja) 2010-02-02 2013-05-23 ピクストロニックス・インコーポレーテッド ディスプレイ装置を制御するための回路
WO2011097252A2 (en) 2010-02-02 2011-08-11 Pixtronix, Inc. Methods for manufacturing cold seal fluid-filled display apparatus
US8941683B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2015-01-27 Microsoft Corporation Transparent display interaction
US8770813B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2014-07-08 Microsoft Corporation Transparent display backlight assembly
US9134552B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2015-09-15 Pixtronix, Inc. Display apparatus with narrow gap electrostatic actuators
US10416782B2 (en) * 2014-07-29 2019-09-17 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Display device
US10309615B2 (en) 2015-02-09 2019-06-04 Sun Chemical Corporation Light emissive display based on lightwave coupling in combination with visible light illuminated content
US10209530B2 (en) 2015-12-07 2019-02-19 E Ink Corporation Three-dimensional display
US10444488B2 (en) * 2017-02-24 2019-10-15 Mirada Technologies Inc. Optical beam steering devices having electrically conductive fluids therein and methods of operating same
WO2020060797A1 (en) 2018-09-20 2020-03-26 E Ink Corporation Three-dimensional display apparatuses
US20220283474A1 (en) 2019-08-29 2022-09-08 Merck Patent Gmbh Electrophoretic fluid

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4079368A (en) * 1976-05-17 1978-03-14 International Business Machines Corporation Information display through deformation of liquid dielectric media
US6064784A (en) * 1997-06-10 2000-05-16 The University Of British Columbia Electrophoretic, dual refraction frustration of total internal reflection in high efficiency variable reflectivity image displays
US6449081B1 (en) * 1999-06-16 2002-09-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical element and optical device having it
US6819471B2 (en) * 2001-08-16 2004-11-16 E Ink Corporation Light modulation by frustration of total internal reflection

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100582819C (zh) * 2005-05-20 2010-01-20 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 电润湿元件、镜头系统、电子装置以及驱动方法
CN101292193B (zh) * 2005-10-21 2011-05-18 诺基亚公司 用于小型相机的光学快门
WO2018054297A1 (en) * 2016-09-23 2018-03-29 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Display assembly and display apparatus
US10317773B2 (en) 2016-09-23 2019-06-11 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Display assembly and display apparatus
CN106291914A (zh) * 2016-10-31 2017-01-04 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板及其驱动方法和显示装置
CN106291914B (zh) * 2016-10-31 2018-04-03 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板及其驱动方法和显示装置
WO2018076668A1 (zh) * 2016-10-31 2018-05-03 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板及其驱动方法和显示装置
US10613315B2 (en) 2016-10-31 2020-04-07 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Display panel, driving method thereof and display device
CN111480124A (zh) * 2017-10-31 2020-07-31 普雷斯弗雷克斯股份公司 目视指示器和流体分配器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2004521389A (ja) 2004-07-15
CN1268979C (zh) 2006-08-09
KR20030017661A (ko) 2003-03-03
US20040160684A1 (en) 2004-08-19
EP1402314A1 (en) 2004-03-31
US6961167B2 (en) 2005-11-01
WO2002099527A1 (en) 2002-12-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1268979C (zh) 基于受抑全内反射的显示装置
CN1568624B (zh) 2d/3d显示装置
US7872790B2 (en) Display capable electrowetting light valve
CN102016688B (zh) 显示装置
CN100576014C (zh) 显示装置
US8031168B2 (en) Display device having an electrode partially covering a picture element
US8115709B2 (en) Electro-wetting display device
EP0786679A2 (en) Electrostatically-driven light modulator and display
EP1478972A1 (en) Subtractive display device
US20140285870A1 (en) Electrowetting display device
Feenstra et al. A video‐speed reflective display based on electrowetting: principle and properties
WO2003089983A1 (en) Electro-optical display device
JP2003131270A (ja) 表示装置
WO2010062163A1 (en) Electrowetting optical element and mirror system comprising said element
TWI356188B (en) Transflective electro-wetting display
US20180335619A1 (en) Electrowetting optical element
CN101430421A (zh) 电润湿显示器
WO2000046636A1 (en) Stacked bistable, cholesteric liquid crystal display utilizing single set of drive electronics

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C19 Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee